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緑および赤ピーマン中の脂質成分の同定を行なうために, 細切したピーマンは, アセトン中で粉砕した。これをエーテルで抽出し, 全脂質成分を得た。全脂質成分はケン化後, エーテル層と水層とにわけ, 不ケン化物が含まれるエーテル層は, GC分析を行なった。一方, 水層は, 常法に従って脂肪酸エチルエステルを調製し, 脂肪酸組成を調べた。さらに赤ピーマンの全脂質成分は, 薄層クロマトグラフィーによって, キサントフィル類を取り除き, セライト545-酸化マグネシウムで分画した。溶出した各フラクションはケン化後, n-ヘキサンで抽出してGC分析を行なった。各フラクションの主成分は, 再クロマトグラフィーによって単離精製し, MS, IRおよび1H-NMRを測定した。結果は次のとおりである。1) 赤および緑ピーマンの不ケン化物から, α-トコフェロール, カンペステロールおよびβ-シトステロールが, GCによって検出された。α-トコフェロールについては, 緑ピーマンに比べ, 赤ピーマンに多くみられた。2) 総脂肪酸のうち不飽和脂肪酸は, 緑ピーマンが80.8%, 赤ピーマンが66.2%であった。不飽和脂肪酸の主成分は, C18: 2およびC18: 3で, その他にC18: 1がわずかに含まれていた。飽和脂肪酸としては, C12: 0, C14: 0, C16: 0, C17: 0およびC18: 0がみられた。3) 赤ピーマン不ケン化物成分として, イソホロン, 6-ヒドロキシ-4, 6-ジメチル-3-ヘプテン-2-オン, フィトールおよびゲラニルゲラニオールが単離同定された。これらの成分は, 緑ピーマンの不ケン化物中にも検出されたが, ゲラニルゲラニオールの量はわずかであった。

Actinomycete strain OM-173, a new soil isolate, was found to produce five nanaomycin-type antibiotics. Antibiotic OM-173 components alpha A, alpha E, alpha B, beta A and beta E were isolated from the fermentation broth of strain OM-173 by solvent extraction, silica gel chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography. The components are active against mycoplasmas and to a lesser extent against fungi. Strain OM-173 was identified as a strain of genus Streptomyces and differed apparently from Streptomyces rosa var. notoensis, the nanaomycin-producing strain, in cultural characteristics.

有機ホウ素化合物を4種の異なる酸化方法,すなわち,(I)Na2O2を用いる方法,(II)アルカリ性H2O2(III)CF3OOOH(IV)アルカリ性K2S2O8,で酸化してホウ酸を生成させ,マンニットの存在のもとでρHメーターを用いて分析を行なう場合の簡易な方法を見いだした。その結果Iの方法で酸化し,滴定溶液に水酸化ナトリウムを用いた場合は精度が0.2～1%,IまたはIIの方法で酸化し,滴定溶液に水酸化バリウムを用いた場合は精度が0.1%内外で行なえることがわかった。

(1982). Relationship between Acid-catalyzed Cyclization of Citral and Deterioration of Lemon Flavor. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 1387-1389.

(1983). Identification of Acidic Substances from Deteriorated Citral and Effects of Antioxidants on Their Formation. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 47, No. 7, pp. 1661-1663.

Several new azo compounds containing boron atoms have been synthesized by the use of sulfonamides; these compounds have an excellent effect on bacilli. It was expected that the antibiotic effect would be very remarkable, since it had been reported that boron-containing azo dyes are useful for therapy on brain tumors. A mixed solvent of ethanol-water (1:1) and acetone was found useful for recrystallizing this class of compounds. The infrared spectra of these compounds show absorption bands at the 1090—1100cm−1, 1375—1380 cm−1 and 1600—1610 cm−1 regions these bands may be assigned to the carbon-boron, boron-oxygen and nitrogen-nitrogen bonds respectively.

It has been found that potassium persulfate is a good initiator for the polymerization of vinylboronic acid. With this initiator the polymerization has been studied in acidic as well as in basic medium, and the best conditions for the polymerization have been established with the help of molecular weight determination of the products. The highest molecular weight has been observed in basic medium to be about 7000. A mixed solvent (1:1) of ether and acetone has been used as the precipitant. The variation in the rate of polymerization and the boron content has been investigated in a narrow range of pH, from 6 to 8.

A procedure for the purification of aldehyde dehydrogenase from bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is reported. Treatment with acid, heat and organic solvents was avoided and chromatographic and filtration techniques in the presence of phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride were mainly used. An affinity chromatography step using the reactive dye Cibacron blue F3G-A, which was covalently bound to Sepharose 4B, was found to be essential. The enzyme was bound to and then released from the dye. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous by gel filtration, disc electrophoresis and SDS electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme determined by gel filtration was 170,000, which agreed with that of the enzyme in the crude extract. The enzyme was composed of subunits of a molecular weight of 57,000. The specific activity of the enzyme was 20 units per mg of protein under the standard assay conditions. The substrate specificity, the relative maximal velocity, the michaelis constants, the pH optimum, the stability and the activation energy of the enzyme are reported.

The effect of various muscle conditions on anserine and carnosine contents suggests that these peptides have some physiological role in muscular functions. These conditions are: 1) Although the anserine content in rat gastrocnemius muscle was not changed by ischiamic denervation, the carnosine content was significantly decreased. Carnosinase activity in the denerved gastrocnemius muscle was two times stronger than that of intact gastrocnemius muscle. 2) Carnosine content in rat gastrocnemius muscle was also decreased by forced swimming exercise. 3) Neither anserine nor carnosine was detected in sarcoma and granuloma. 4) In rabbit, anserine and carnosine contents in white muscle fibers were 12-17 and 1-2 mumole/g of wet tissue and were approximately 10 and 2 times more than those in red muscle fibers, respectively.

Penicillium sp. FO-125, a soil isolate, was found to produce a new antifungal antibiotic complex named atpenin. Three components A4, A5 and B were isolated from the fermentation broth of the producing strain by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and HPLC. The molecular formula of atpenins A4, A5 and B were determined to be C15H22NO5Cl, C15H21NO5Cl2 and C15H23NO5, respectively, on the basis of high resolution electron impact mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. They are active against filamentous fungi, especially, Trichophyton sp.

Adechlorin exhibiting a potent inhibitory activity against calf intestinal adenosine deaminase was isolated from the cultured broth of Actinomadura sp. OMR-37. The molecular formula was C11H15N4O4Cl. The aglycone of adechlorin was identical with that of the known adenosine deaminase inhibitors coformycin and 2'-deoxycoformycin. Adechlorin did not exhibit inhibitory activity against various bacteria and fungi at 1.0 mg/ml. The Ki values for adechlorin, coformycin and 2'-deoxycoformycin against adenosine deaminase were determined to be 5.3 X 10(-10) M, 2.1 X 10(-10) M and 7.6 X 10(-11) M, respectively. Adechlorin as well as coformycin and 2'-deoxycoformycin enhanced the antiviral activity of Ara-A. The acute toxicity of adechlorin in mice was less than those of coformycin and 2'-deoxycoformycin.