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Signed networks appear naturally in contexts where conflict or animosity is apparent. In this book chapter we review some of the literature on signed networks, especially in the context of partitioning. Most of the work is founded in what is known as structural balance theory. We cover the basic mathematical principles of structural balance theory. The theory yields a natural formulation for partitioning. We briefly compare this to other partitioning approaches based on community detection. Finally, we analyse an international network of alliances and conflicts and discuss the implications of our findings for structural balance theory.

The major research objective of the paper is to identify the essence of international sporting events, whose network nature is related to organizational links between cities, sports associations, the media, sponsors and other stakeholders. The analysis is based on the example of a cyclical event - the Four Hills Tournament. The stakeholder analysis was carried out and a model of network management of the relationship and organization of the sporting event was indicated. The history of the Tournament was also discussed in conjunction with the marketing, organizational and technological trends that have changed over the years.

Background Organizational aspects in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) reports play a significant role in managing policies and strategies to implement new health technologies. The organizational domain, however, is often under-represented in HTA reports. This study explored how organizational assessment is carried out in HTA reports and designed a new perspective through an empirical approach after the comparison with EUnetHTA's Core Model 3.0. Methods Full HTA reports were extracted from the websites of members of International Network of Agencies for HTA and the aspects relating to the organizational assessment were analysed. HTA reports were classified into 4 typologies of technologies (device, diagnosis/screening, intervention and organizational procedures) and organizational aspects described were explored through a framework of 5 domains and 15 subdomains from Core Model. Specific Multiple Correspondence Analyses were carried out to identify technology-related domains for organizational assessment in reports. Results The analysis showed that domains and subdomains of Core Model were not covered homogeneously by the organizational assessments in the HTA reports. Through Multiple Correspondence Analyses, four new technology-related dimensions were identified and named according to the Core Model’s subdomains in the four new clusters. Conclusions This study analyzed the significance of organizational assessments in current literature and the challenges of improving this domain in HTA reports. Through an empirical analysis, we proposed a new methodology to cover the most relevant aspects of organizational appraisal according to new domains to promote support to the assessment of organizational issues in reports and fulfil the needs of future HTA research.

Partindo da identificação de três vetores fundamentais na história da poesia experimental portuguesa (confluência, encontro, rede), este artigo esboça, na primeira parte, um retrato dos fluxos e contrafluxos que, nos anos 60, marcaram as atividades experimentalistas. Na segunda parte, aprofunda-se o argumento de que António Aragão desempenhou um papel central nos diálogos estabelecidos numa rede internacional, revelando alguns dos seus contactos com vários poetas neovanguardistas italianos e analisando a colaboração do autor numa das suas principais revistas.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the development of leave policies in Europe, both at a regional and national level, and to consider what future directions such policies might take to meet changing conditions and emerging needs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the work of an international network that the authors founded in 2004, which brings together experts on leave policy from over 40 countries, and in particular on an annual review of national leave policies conducted by network members.FindingsThe article presents developments in European legislation on leave policy stretching from 1883 to the present day, and outlines the extent of leave policies in European countries and the wide variations in the design of these policies. It suggests that future directions in leave policy need to address the relationship between this and other policy areas; the need for a life course perspective to leave policy, getting beyond parental leave; and that leave should turn away from being considered an employment benefit towards becoming a universal right to care.Originality/valueThe paper provides a concise overview of leave policy in the global region where leave policies began and are today most developed, at both a regional and national level. It is also intended to stimulate debate about the future directions that leave policy might take.

This paper presents a bibliometric study of the nuclear energy research output from 2008 to 2018, by mean of the Web of Science (WoS) database. From the 2545 papers published in the period studied, bibliometric indicators were calculated to identify the tendency of this energy source, such as the number of publications by countries, institutions, authors, main keywords reported and the identification of the most cited articles. The results shown the scientific paper as the document type with a more significant number of publications from the total considered (83.4%), and the country with the highest h-index value was the United States, which is also the country with the highest production of articles with a total of (643), followed by China and Germany. An increase in the research outlet was presented in USA (213%) and Germany (182 %) from 2013 to 2017, which is close with the number amount of publication developed by these countries under the figure of international collaboration. Also, the Chinese Academy of Science was the institution with the highest number of publications (79), and the top institution with publications under international network. The results allow to identify the main stakeholders in the nuclear energy research output and determine projections and tendencies on new and complementary topics in this field of study.Keywords: research trend, nuclear energy, bibliometric study, collaboration network, h-index.JEL Classification: Q42DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8515

International audience

We measure the level of financial literacy in Turkey using the OECD/International Network on Financial Education (INFE) methodology and compare our results with the ones obtained in 14 other countries that has used the same methodology. In our sample, financial knowledge and financial behavior levels are lower than the average of the 14 countries, whereas financial attitude level is around the average. The overall financial literacy score, which is a combination of the three aforementioned aspects, is also lower than the average of the 14 countries. We find that financial behavior is positively related with financial knowledge, female respondents are lagging behind the male respondents in financial literacy, and this lag is bigger than those in the 14 countries. Very young respondents and old respondents are less financially literate, financial literacy score is positively related with income, education, and income stability.

Rendering the energy system more sustainable can only be achieved through a combination of low-carbon energy production, energy efficiency, and coupling of energy sectors. In this context, Power-to-Hydrogen concepts for managing supply and demand, providing seasonal storage, and being the linking element between different sectors (electricity generation, gas grids, transport and industry), has attracted significant interest during the last decade. However, the deployment of technology is subject to legal barriers, which may differ from one region to another. On the contrary, there may be incentives to facilitate market introduction of a new technology.In this paper, an international network of experts under the umbrella of Task 38 of the International Energy Agency's Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Programme assesses the legal framework in ten countries regarding power-to-hydrogen applications. The most frequently considered pathway, from a legal standpoint, is using hydrogen for mobility applications. Only a few countries are implementing legal frameworks for diverse hydrogen applications. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This commentary is addressing gas electron diffraction in Norway from the late 1930s up to 2017. The account is about the people involved, the methods developed, and the chemical questions addressed. The development was based on three strong characteristics: Academic excellence, a holistic strategy, and a comprehensive international cooperation and publication. Two strong personalities—Odd Hassel and Otto Bastiansen—established the fundament; their contributions were pivotal. Their ability to obtain funding, to recruit highly qualified co-workers, and their international network were central to the development. The investments in structure chemistry and electron diffraction were exceptionally visionary and daring. The story is rather unique. It is about how a small university at Europe’s periphery in the late 1930s was able to establish a world-leading research group.

The prescribing of medicines is critical in the treatment of diseases in general practice. Inappropriate prescribing can negatively influence the goals of treatment, which makes the assessment of the patterns of prescriptions essential. The objective of this study was to assess the medicines prescribing pattern in health facilities in the Northern Ghana, a developing economy in Africa, using the prescribing indicators recommended by the WHO and International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD). A prospective observational survey was used to collect data from 600 prescriptions between February and July of 2017 using a specially designed check list. Fifty randomly selected prescriptions each were collected from 12 facilities within the metropolis. Participating facilities were included in the study by systematic sampling that was purposive, convenience and random. Data was analysed in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 18. The average number of medicines prescribed was (3.9). Antibiotics and injections were prescribed at a rate of 55 and 14%, respectively; while prescribing by generic name was 53%. Prescribing from the Essential Medicines List (EML) stood at 96%. Public facilities had better indicators compared with private: average number of drugs (3.5 vs 4.3, p < 0.001); percentage injections (13 vs 25, p = 0.002); percentage generic names (62 vs 45, p = 0.003). Percentage antibiotics (54 vs 56) and percentage from the EML (97 vs 94) were not different for public and private facilities. There is inappropriate prescription pattern of medicines, such as polypharmacy and over prescribing of antibiotics and injections. Prescribing by generic name although high was still lower than recommended. Key words: Patterns prescription, medicines, indicators, adherence, overprescribing.

The intersection of different national cultures in the conditions of the international company functioning, in particular in the hotel industry, has been considered. Three groups of cultures, taking into account national features of representatives of different countries, have been offered and collated. The arguments, substantiating the need to take into account the differences of each group and adapt the company’s values and organizational culture in General to the traditions and mentality of the representatives of each country, – have been presented. Expediency of application of the multicultural principles of organizational culture, not contradicting any culture of the world, − has been argued. The conclusion has been made, that this сircumstance is one of the features and conditions of the successful existence of international network companies of hotel and tourism business.

En octubre de 2018 tuvo lugar la tercera reunión de la Red Internacional Openergy en el Tecnológico de Monterrey (México). Este número de EKS se dedica de forma monográfica a que diferentes miembros de esta Red presenten el trabajo que se está desarrollando.

The article considers the current state of the transport infrastructure of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its integration into the international network, and also notes the further development of the transport and logistics infrastructure as a catalyst for the economy.

Over the past three years, the so-called Islamic State (IS) has made significant progress in building an international network of Jihadist groups that pledged allegiance to the organisation. The affiliates of IS are both new-born movements like the Islamic State in Libya, and older groups like Boko Haram in Nigeria. The latter are much more valuable for the ‘Caliphate’ because they have broad experience and capacities that allow them to operate independently of IS. In its global Jihad, therefore, the Islamic State tried to gain the support of the members of former al-Qaeda franchises, shifting their alliances from Ayman al-Zawahiri to Abu Bakr al-Bagdadi. The paper offers an overview of such IS efforts in the Horn of Africa and an evaluation of how successful this quest had been until 2017.

Resumen Ethan Kleinberg, es profesor de Historia y Letras de la Universidad de Wesleyan, director del Centro de Humanidades y editor ejecutivo de la revista History and Theory. Su primer libro, Generation Existential: Heidegger’s Philosophy in France, 1927-1961, fue publicado por la Universidad de Cornell, y galardonado con el Premio Morris D. Forkosch 2006 al mejor libro de historia intelectual otorgado por la revista Journal of the History of Ideas. Recientemente, el profesor Kleinberg co-editó de la mano de Ranjan Ghosh el volumen Presence: Philosophy, History and Cultural Theory for the 21st Century, publicado también por la Universidad de Cornell. Por otro lado, su libro, Haunting History: For a Deconstructive Approach to the Past, fue lanzado en las Series meridianas de la Universidad de Stanford en el otoño de 2017. Actualmente, se encuentra culminando su libro The Myth of Emmanuel Levinas, centrado en las lecturas Talmúdicas que el filósofo franco-judío presentó en París entre 1960 y 1990. En junio de 2016, tuve la oportunidad de llevar a cabo una entrevista con el profesor Kleinberg, cuando fui un estudiante visitante de investigación en el Centro de Humanidades de la Universidad Wesleyan. Además, aprovechamos la segunda Conferencia Internacional de Teoría de la Historia (2ª INTH), ocurrida en Ouro Preto, Brasil, del 23 de agosto al 26 de agosto, para ampliar la entrevista y para grabar una versión corta. El video se encuentra en el siguiente enlace: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PH9q_bJboHs Palabras clave Teoría de la Historia; Historia de la Historiografía; Fantología. Abstract Ethan Kleinberg is Professor of History and Letters of Wesleyan University. He is the Director of the Center for Humanities and the Editor-in-Chief of History and Theory. His first book, Generation Existential: Heidegger’s Philosophy in France, 1927-1961, published by Cornell University Press, was awarded the 2006 Morris D. Forkosch prize for the best book in intellectual history by the Journal of the History of Ideas. Recently, Professor Kleinberg co-edited with Ranjan Ghosh the volume Presence: Philosophy, History, and Cultural Theory for the 21st Century, published by Cornell University Press as well. His book, Haunting History: For a Deconstructive Approach to the Past, was released in the Meridian Series from Stanford University Press in fall 2017. He is also finishing The Myth of Emmanuel Levinas, centered on the Talmudic Lectures that the French-Jewish philosopher presented in Paris between 1960 and 1990. I had the opportunity to conduct an interview with Professor Kleinberg in June 2016, when I was a Visiting Student Researcher at the Center for Humanities at Wesleyan University. We also took advantage of the Second International Network for Theory of History Conference (2nd INTH) in Ouro Preto, Brazil, from August 23 to August 26, 2016, to expand the interview and to record a short version. Here it is the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PH9q_bJboHs Key Words Theory of History; History of Historiography; Hauntology.

This chapter focuses on the development of the Network for Social and Educational Equity (NSEE), which began in early 2017 and continues to the present. A distinctive feature of the NSEE approach is the emphasis it places on the development of inter-establishment and inter-authority collaboration aimed at developing professional practice and sharing expertise in order to tackle educational inequities. Moreover, the experiences suggest that the NSEE approach is often more powerful than externally led professional development strategies. It is important to bear in mind, however, that such sharing of ideas is far from easy in the context of schools, partly because of the intensity of the day but also because of the nature of teacher knowledge. Ultimately, the goal of NSEE is to provide both a national and international network of support and development for educational practitioners and establishments based on a growing body of local, national and international research experiences.

Mental health disorders are ubiquitous, and all nations strive to reduce the prevalence, severity, cost, and early mortality associated with these conditions. An international network of mental hea...

Several studies suggest that women are inspired by female role models. Observing women with successful development in their profession inspires other women to pursue professional growth as well, even in STEM areas, where there is less female participation. This research presents a successful case of a program with two differentiating characteristics: the use of social networks to present a group of female leaders like a role model in STEM, and an international strategic link. The objective of the program was to strengthen women leadership in the STEM educational environment, as well as to identify the determining factors for this strengthening. In the webinar program developed over a 6-month period, more than 700 people were impacted, with more than 22,000 views. Through feedback surveys and data regarding audience obtained from the webinars transmitted by social networks, the impact and needs of teachers were shown. The results indicate that the majority of the audience teaches classes in elementary and middle levels, however, it is observed that teachers from all educational levels participated. The presence of female role models teaching in STEM programs and their extensive experience in current social happenings are two elements that favor interest and participation in these events.

To understand underlying mechanisms of aquatic ecosystem functioning in relating to the global Grand Challenges (climate change, biodiversity loss, eutrophication, emerging pollutants, etc.), it is necessary to consider processes in adjacent systems, such as atmosphere and adjacent aquatic and terrestrial systems. For freshwater and coastal systems, the aquatic-terrestrial coupling on the watershed level is specifically important. We argue that for a better understanding of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems a combination of long-term data from connected environments, coupled with experimental ecosystem-scale experiments, have a greater potential for successful model testing and development of predictive concepts, than using only long-term data (without experiments) from separate systems. This talk will present the EU-funded RI-project AQUACOSM-plus (www.aquacosm.eu, 2020-2024) that offers access to >60 research facilities across the EU and is linked to world-wide cooperation through the MESOCOSM.EU portal, a virtual network of >100 research facilities. These networks comprise mesocosm facilities in all aquatic systems, including rivers, ponds, lakes, estuaries and marine systems – offering unique opportunities to conduct ecosystem-scale experimental studies of relevance to aquatic-terrestrial coupling. These facilities allow for process studies to test models based on trend or response observations from long-term-data, in order to better understand underlying mechanisms of ecosystem responses to the present global Grand Challenges. The AQUACOSM-plus mesocosm facilities, are also open for conducting ecosystem solution-based experiments to enable effective management in aquatic ecosystems. The AQUACOSM network will open calls to fund access to >13.000 days for a wide range of external users. We will also present examples of developing RI-RI collaborations and development of technological solutions and instrumentation to enhance the mobility of mesocosms and increase opportunities for relevant scenario-testing by the scientific community at large.

In this wide-ranging survey, Claus Emmeche outlines many of the challenges and controversies involved in the dynamic and curious science of artificial life. He describes the work being done by an international network of biologists, computer scientists and physicists who are using computers to study life as it could be, or as it might evolve under conditions different from those on Earth. Many artificial-life researchers believe that they can create new life in the computer by simulating the processes observed in traditional, biological life-forms. The flight of a flock of birds, for example, can be reproduced faithfully and in all its complexity by a relatively simple computer program that is designed to generate electronic "boids". Are these "boids" then alive? The central problem, Emmeche notes, lies in defining the salient differences between biological life and computer simulations of its processes. His study touches on every aspect of this complex and rapidly developing discipline, including its connections to artificial intelligence, chaos theory, computational theory, and studies of emergence.

The Khibiny Educational and Scientific Station (KESS) of the Faculty of Geography, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), was founded in 1948. It is one of the oldest stations of the MSU Faculty of Geography and the only one located north of the Arctic Circle. It is also one of the oldest continuously operating arctic field stations in the world. For more than 70 years, the research station has fostered scientific and international collaboration. Science and education carried out at the station have always gone hand in hand and the research results have been both theoretical and practical. Many generations of Russian geographers owe their successful careers to the research activities at the Khibiny station. Nowadays, it is one of the two major student training bases for the Faculty of Geography as well as a focal point of many national and international research projects, including the International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic (INTERACT) network.

There is growing evidence that the food environment can influence diets. The present study aimed to assess the relative availability and prominence of healthy foods (HF) versus unhealthy products (UP) in supermarkets in Buenos Aires, Argentina and to explore differences by retail characteristics and neighborhood income level. We conducted store audits in 32 randomly selected food retails. Food availability (presence/absence, ratio of cumulative linear shelf length for HF vs. UP) and prominence inside the store (location visibility) were measured based on the International Network for Food and Obesity/NCDs Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS) protocol. On average, for every 1 m of shelf length for UP, there was about 25 cm of shelf length for HF (HF/UP ratio: 0.255, SD 0.130). UP were more frequently available in high-prominence store areas (31/32 retails) than HF (9/32 retails). Shelf length ratio differed across commercial chains (p = 0.0268), but not by store size or type. Retails in the lower-income neighborhoods had a lower HF/UP ratio than those in the higher-income neighborhoods (p = 0.0329). Availability of the selected HF was overcome largely by the UP, particularly in high prominence areas, and in neighborhoods with lower income level, which may pose an opportunity for public health interventions.

The book of abstracts was the result of the 17th Annual Convention and International Conference of the International Network of Sport and Health Science (INSHS 2021). On May 27-29, 2021, a Scopus conference in the field of sports was held for the first time in Russia together with the international association INSHS (International Network of Sport and Health Science). The main goal of the association: to support international cooperation in the field of sports science (kinesiology), sports education, health science, as well as in the field of high-performance sports and student sports. One of the objectives of the association is the interaction of member organizations and other professional organizations related to sports and science.

This paper introduces the International Center of Engineering Education (CIEI) at the University of Talca (Chile), founded under principles, research and scientific work of IGIP and the Dresden School of Engineering Pedagogy. The starting point of CIEI was the cooperation between engineering faculties of Chilean universities and the TU Dresden in the PEDING-Project (research project in Engineering Education), led by Prof. Hanno Hortsch (TU Dresden-IGIP). Its main goal was designing a training course, based on IGIP curriculum, to improve the teaching quality of engineering educators, identifying some needed pedagogical competencies for teacher training, and skills and technological tools for engineering teaching related to industrial requirements. This course was the basis for a preliminary twelve modules training program developed by CIEI according to the learning module structure of IGIP and the TU Dresden. CIEI seeks to expand and continue the IGIP and the Dresden traditions of Engineering Education in Chile and Latin America, through the implementation of a training program for engineering educators, and the establishment of an international network for research and innovation in engineering and technology education between universities and companies in Latin-American and European countries.

Informed by two recent PhD graduates, this study examines interview data gathered across four years and considers: (a) the ways in which these academics describe changes when writing in English for publication purposes, and (b) the ways in which they link changes in their writing to participation in research networks. While both scholars mentioned advances when writing in English, the first scholar emphasized how regular participation in his international network helped him consolidate his thinking; he also described how an active, critical advisor shaped his manuscripts and provided him with publication opportunities. The second participant also described the impact of active, critical mentors—for her a journal editor—on her research. She also described how large-scale collaborations, predominantly with other women, were productive when publishing.

NAB’s acquisition strategy had generally been aimed at enhancing the Group’s position within its chosen markets through the purchase of retail banks with strong retail customer franchises. It had also focused on building key capabilities and developing critical mass in selected financial services activities through acquisitions and internal growth. NAB’s ability to participate in further rationalisation of the banking industry in Australia had been constrained by the prohibition of the merger of major banks in Australia by the Commonwealth Government. So it looked elsewhere. An international network was built by the end of last century, and plans to go and grow further were in progress.

During the past few decades, we have seen great advances in science, technology, information and communications. Yet, real progress is still to be seen in our ability to solve pressing societal problems. The highly complex problems of today spawned by rapid global changes evolve too fast for us to adapt to such changes effectively.

It is the position of the International Network for Child and Family Centered Care (INCFCC) that COVID-19 restrictions pose tremendous challenges for the health care team in their efforts to provide child and family centered care (CFCC). COVID-19 restrictions impact on the familys right to be presernt with their ill child and to contribute to the caring process. A limited number of articles have discussed challenges about the successful delivery of CFCC during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on current literature, the INCFCC stresses the need for continuous facilitation implementation of child and family centred care as, it is essential for childrens physical and psychological wellbeing. Furthermore we believe that the families presence and participation holds more benefits than risks to the health of children, their families, and the health care team. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cardiac arrest is the third leading cause of death in industrialised nations.1 To improve survival, science and research in cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and post-resuscitation care are major goals and objectives of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) with its mission “ To preserve human life by making high quality resuscitation available to all” [www.erc.edu]. And according to the “Formula for Survival” in cardiac arrest: Survival = Science/Research Education Implementation.2 Therefore, science and research is the basis for success in CPR and for good survival of our patients.3,4 To further develop and improve research in this area, the ERC Research NET has been founded by 78 international members during the ERC congress “Resuscitation 2013” in Krakow.5 The ERC Research NET was established as an international, interdisciplinary and inter-professional group for clinical and experimental research in Europe and beyond.6

The growing visibility and engagement with the ideas of social psychologist and Jesuit priest Ignacio Martin-Baro by an international network of psychologists and practitioners raises questions about whether and how Martin-Baro’s work has contributed to the project he envisioned of liberating psychology as the twentieth century transitions into the twenty-first. This chapter discusses key epistemological, methodological, and ethical challenges Martin-Baro put forward in articulating his vision for a liberation psychology and offers a selective review of the contributions of psychologists inspired by his legacy over the last 30 years, many of them decolonial scholar activists and practitioners located in the Third and Fourth Worlds and at the margins of the academy in core neoliberal capitalist countries. In doing so, it also addresses ontological and epistemological assumptions, limiting institutional practices, and problems of professional self-interest that Martin-Baro challenged and that persist within the discipline today.

Background Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) is a rare condition where agreed classification and treatment are still missing. The goal of this study is to achieve a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of CM1 in children. Methods A multidisciplinary panel formulated 57 provisional statements based on a review of the literature. Thirty-four international experts (IE) participated in a Delphi study by independently rating each statement on a 4-point Likert scale (“strongly disagree,” “disagree,” “agree,” “strongly agree”). Statements that were endorsed (“agree” or “strongly agree”) by < 75% of raters were re-formulated, or new statements were added, and another Delphi round followed (up to a maximum of three). Results Thirty-five IE were contacted and 34 agreed to participate. A consensus was reached on 30/57 statements (52.6%) after round 1. Three statements were added, and one removed. After round 2, agreement was reached on 56/59 statements (94.9%). Finally, after round 3, which took place during the 2019 Chiari Consensus Conference (Milan, Italy), agreement was reached on 58/59 statements (98.3%) about four main sections (Definition and Classification, Planning, Surgery, Isolated Syringomyelia). Only one statement did not gain a consensus, which is the “definition of radiological failure 24 month post-surgery.” Conclusions The consensus document consists of 58 statements (24 on diagnosis, 34 on treatment), serving clinicians and researchers following children with CM1. There is a clear need for establishing an international network and registry and to promote collaborative studies to increase the evidence base and optimize the long-term care of this patient population.

This essay closely examines the adaptation of Richard Matheson’s science-fiction romance novel Bid Time Return (1975) into the film Somewhere in Time (1980), scripted by Matheson, directed by Jeannot Szwarc, and starring Christopher Reeve and Jane Seymour in the lead roles. Whilst Bid Time Return was awarded the World Fantasy Award, many of Matheson’s loyal readers, as the author has noted, found the novel «soft», and neither it nor its film adaptation were commercially successful. However, both novel and film have developed loyal followings, with Somewhere in Time even spawning its own fan club, the International Network of Somewhere in Time Enthusiasts. In addition, the film is noteworthy as a critical transformation of its own source text., Este ensayo examina la adaptación cinematográfica de la novela de ciencia ficción Bid Time Return (1975) de Richard Matheson. La película se titula Somewhere in Time (1980), con guión de Matheson, dirigida por Jeannot Szwarc y protagonizada por Christopher Reeve y Jane Seymour. Si bien Bid Time Return obtuvo el World Fantasy Award, muchos de los lectores de Matheson, como el mismo autor ha indicado, pensaron que no era su mejor obra, y ni la novela ni su adaptación cinematográfica tuvieron éxito comercial. Sin embargo, tanto el texto literario como la película cuentan con seguidores fieles. Somewhere in Time incluso ha generado su propio club de fans: la International Network of Somewhere in Time Enthusiasts. Además esta película es digna de atención como transformación crítica del texto original.

Resumo Este trabalho tem origem no contato com moradoras idosas do Aglomerado da Serra, em Belo Horizonte, no âmbito de uma pesquisa internacional em rede. Naquele contexto, o material de diversas entrevistas foi desconsiderado por não responder diretamente às questões levantadas. Proponho aqui um retorno a esse material com o intuito de investigar a maneira como a força de trabalho desse grupo de mulheres foi fundamental, tanto na articulação da própria sobrevivência como na formação daquele território. Em primeiro lugar, abordo a natureza de ficção presente nas narrativas das idosas como possibilidade de fabulação sobre a vivência delas na cidade e a prospecção de futuro. Sugiro que a ficção também integra aquelas narrativas socialmente legitimadas enquanto “verdade”, como é o caso da história oficial e do discurso das ciências. Nesse sentido, a ficção emerge como importante ferramenta no que se refere à autofabulação para as interlocutoras e ao questionamento e ao tensionamento do lugar de legitimidade dos discursos oficiais. Abstract This work studies a series of interviews with elderly women who live at Aglomerado da Serra, in Belo Horizonte. Those interviews were carried out on June 2017, within the scope of an international network research whose methods turned out to be insufficient to deal with the complexity of narratives of the elderly women. Firstly, the nature of fiction present in the narratives of the elderly women is considered as a possibility of self-fabulation about their own experience in the city and as a tool to imagine the future. Then, I suggest that fiction is also part of those narratives which are socially legitimized as “truth”, as it is the case with official history and the discourses of sciences. In this sense, fiction emerges as an important tool for self-fabulation, and for questioning and deconstructing the status of “truth” inherent in official discourse.

The aim of this work is to highlight the strongest inter-country scientific collaborations and the factors that drive them, also in order to offer policy suggestions. The experimental activity performed in this context exploits a less common methodology, preferred to other ones due to its ability to better resolve collaborations. It calculates in fact a powerful indicator, the Probabilistic Affinity Index, starting from the internationally coauthored scientific products of the 100 most scientifically productive Countries. The Probabilistic Affinity Index is able to measure the strength of a collaboration without being influenced by the scientific production of a Country. Once assessed the strength of collaboration, networks of the strongest ones are built using Network Analysis instruments. While results substantially confirm most of the past findings on factors driving scientific collaboration, they also show previously unseen strong collaboration paths existing between Countries. At the end of the paper policy suggestions are drawn.

This article contributes to the conceptual and technical development of cross-national measurement and analysis of the gender gap in the scope of parenting related leave entitlements. That there is a gender gap in the scope of leave benefits is widely acknowledged, but it is rarely quantified. The nomenclature in use around leave policies is diverse and so a first step is to standardise categories and develop a unit of parenting related leave. There is considerable cross-national variation in the configuration of the scope of leave policies. As such, a second step is to consider how best to include the different dimensions of this scope (e.g., duration, payment level, individual parent versus family design) in an estimate of the gender gap in entitlement. Using data collated by the International Network on Leave Policies and Research, a gender gap indicator is created to contribute to our understanding of the inclusiveness of parenting related leave for men as compared to women. This indicator highlights that only two (Iceland and Norway) of 45 countries included in this analysis had achieved a zero-gender gap in terms of entitlement to ‘well-paid,’ individual parenting related leave during the first 18 months of a child’s life. The average gender gap for the countries in the analysis is between two to three months. Only seven countries offered more than two months leave to fathers as an individual entitlement. This is likely to be part of the explanation in many countries for lower leave taking practice by men compared to women.

BackgroundLow intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), including alternating or direct current stimulation (tACS or tDCS), applies weak electrical stimulation to modulate the activity of brain circuits. Integration of tES with concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for the mapping of neural activity during neuromodulation, supporting causal studies of both brain function and tES effects. Methodological aspects of tES-fMRI studies underpin the results, and reporting them in appropriate detail is required for reproducibility and interpretability. Despite the growing number of published reports, there are no consensus-based checklists for disclosing methodological details of concurrent tES-fMRI studies.ObjectiveTo develop a consensus-based checklist of reporting standards for concurrent tES-fMRI studies to support methodological rigor, transparency, and reproducibility (ContES Checklist).MethodsA two-phase Delphi consensus process was conducted by a steering committee (SC) of 13 members and 49 expert panelists (EP) through the International Network of the tES-fMRI (INTF) Consortium. The process began with a circulation of a preliminary checklist of essential items and additional recommendations, developed by the SC based on a systematic review of 57 concurrent tES-fMRI studies. Contributors were then invited to suggest revisions or additions to the initial checklist. After the revision phase, contributors rated the importance of the 17 essential items and 42 additional recommendations in the final checklist. The state of methodological transparency within the 57 reviewed concurrent tES-fMRI studies was then assessed using the checklist.ResultsExperts refined the checklist through the revision and rating phases, leading to a checklist with three categories of essential items and additional recommendations: (1) technological factors, (2) safety and noise tests, and (3) methodological factors. The level of reporting of checklist items varied among the 57 concurrent tES-fMRI papers, ranging from 24% to 76%. On average, 53% of checklist items were reported in a given article.ConclusionsUse of the ContES checklist is expected to enhance the methodological reporting quality of future concurrent tES-fMRI studies, and increase methodological transparency and reproducibility.