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Copyright of Lusitania Sacra is the property of Universidade Catolica Portuguesa, Centro de Estudos de Historia Religiosa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia z Dziejów Panstwa i Prawa Polskiego is the property of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, AFM Publishing Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes peculiarities of the European situation in the conditions of the Counter-Reformation. The influence of this peculiarities on the process of consolidation of interfaith associations is revealed. Particular attention is focused on elucidating the genesis, preconditions and causes of the formation of the union between England and Huguenots in relation of political, geopolitical and religious tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper, based on material that has recently become available from the Archives of the Diocese of Dubrovnik, analyzes the role of Vrhbosna Archbishop Josip Stadler and Dubrovnik Bishop Josip Grgur Marčelić in the broader context of the Croatian episcopate’s activities in reorganizing St. Jerome’s institutions in Rome into a modern seminary in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The paper also examines their efforts to preserve intact Croatian rights at the reorganized College of St. Jerome at the time of the so-called „St. Jerome affair of 1901/1902“, when the Principality of Montenegro, aided by the diplomacy of certain European powers, especially the Russian Empire and France, sought with limited success to truncate these rights. The paper draws particular attention to a topic that is largely neglected by historiographical works of the period, namely the matching and even close intertwining of the reorganization of St. Jerome’s institutions with the efforts of the Croatian episcopate to affirm the Old Church Slavonic liturgy. This is confirmed in correspondence between Archbishop Stadler and Bishop Marčelić. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the role of the Holy See and the Catholic Church in solving the Cuban crisis of 1962 through the activities of Pope John XXIII. The article considers the reasons and the beginning of the Caribbean crisis. A short chronology of the events which led to the crisis is presented: from the break of the Cuban Revolution of 1959 and intensifying relations between Havana and Washington to the sharpening thereof between the USA and the USSR in the Caribbean region during October 1962. The article analyzes the activities of Pope John XXIII in solving the Caribbean crisis of 1962 and presents the message and his appeals to the leaders of the USA and the USSR during the peak of the Caribbean crisis. The assessment of Pope’s actions during the crisis and their role in solving thereof are described. The article lists feedbacks of the world’s leaders towards the activities of Pope John XXIII, namely, the response to the message and appeals of Pope for peace from Nikita Khrushchev, John Kennedy etc. The article provides the analysis of the Encyclical «Pacem in terris» published in April 1963. It emphasizes that the Encyclical is the answer to the crisis of war and is the first one covering the questions of war and peace. In less than five years of pontificate, John XXIII was more than a reformer who convocated the Second Vatican Council and determined the face of the Catholic Church nowadays, but also a fighter for peace, therefore he was granted the name of «The Pope of Peace». John XXIII is also an example of the ability of a man of humble origins to execute huge moral influence on the most powerful men of the earth: for his actions during the missile crisis in Cuba, one of the biggest tension in the history of the Cold War, during which in the course of thirteen days — from October 16 till October 28, 1962 — the world came to the brink of nuclear disaster.

The essay describes - through unpublished documentation - the diplomatic work of Italy and the Holy See to gradually reintegrate Gaddafi of Libya into a system of peaceful relationships around the Mediterranean basin, combined with a system of guarantees for the Catholic community present in Libya. These objectives have seen a convergence of Italian foreign policy led by Andreotti and the pacification projects of John Paul II, with a view to the future of relationships between the North and South of the world, between Christianity and Islam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic discussed in this article - European integrations and the Catholic Church - is content-wise very broad and could be approached in various ways. The author has opted, therefore, for a slightly original approach by starting with a narration of history of the two renowned institutions that managed, despite various inopportune circumstances they faced, to integrate themselves into contemporary European society with which they are in constant dialogue and which they enrich with new ideas. This refers to institutions that are related to the Catholic University Leuven in Belgium, whose activity is inspired by Christianity. In that sense, one could argue that they are a successful example, albeit a one that has to endure many hardships, of what is expected of contemporary states and their integrations, but also of the Catholic Church and its institutions. In the continuation of this article, the history and the present of contemporary European integrations, especially the European Union and its relation towards other countries on the European continent, as well as the specific relation of institutions and individuals towards religion, faith, and the Church, is concisely discussed. The theses that the author defends are backed up by statistical data and indicators. The author also offers an overview of activities of two European Catholic councils of conferences of bishops that are currently active and the relation of the Holy See towards Europe. All of this contributes to building up a common European home that is united in diversity of various countries, regions, languages, nations, and religions. The issue of one's own identity is, thereby, not denied by any means, because it has to be confirmed and testified by everyday life in community with others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the correspondence between the Apostolic Delegate, Luigi Matera, the Secretary of State of the Holy See, and argentine bishops during the period 1880-1883. Its aim is to reconstruct positions and strategies taken by catholic hierarchies in search of the strengthen of argentine church. The differences between bishops and Apostolic Delegate are specially considered. Thus, I try to discuss the classic interpretation that took this episode as the natural outcome of a gradual process of distancing between "laicist State" and "ultramontane church". The intransigency that characterized the Holy See in these years was often put aside due to the benefits that ancient gallican practices still could bring to local churches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the history of relations between the Argentinean government and the Holy See, two ideas are permanently intertwined: signing the Concordat and defending national patronage. The changes that occurred in the 1960s indicated that exercising the right of patronage, based on the principles outlined in the Constitution, was impossible, and the peaceful establishment of the principles of bilateral relations could only be indicated through an international agreement. The Concordat signed by Argentina in 1966 removed the national patronage, but the changes to the content of the Constitution were introduced only in 1994. The aim of the study is to show the concordat agreement concluded in 1966 by Argentina with the Holy See as an example of an international agreement. The main focus is the presentation of concordat standards for the institution of patronage. Due to the subject and purpose of the study, the work uses methods typical of social sciences in the legal science discipline. The dogmatic-legal method is the basis for consideration of the Concordat as a source of Argentine law, and as an auxiliary method, the historical-legal method was used to show the historical background of the presented issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific objective: To characterize the genesis of the institutions of the Holy See in the years 1948-2018, competent in media matters, against the background of changes in the Roman Curia's system; showing the institutional evolution of the "media department"--from the Papal Commission established ad experimentum by the Council, having the status of an expert and promotional dicastery1, to the dicastery with rights analogous to the congregation. Research method: Historical and normative analysis based on papal legislation and the literature on the subject. Results and conclusions: The analysis led to the conclusion that a feature of the changes was the systematic raising of the rank of institutions competent in matters of media and their functional and organizational integration. Cognitive value: The paper addresses the problem of tradition and modernization of the constitution of the Holy See's primary organs, of which the Curia's reform project initiated by Pope Francis and implemented since 2014 is a key element. This thread is a relatively new and little recognized subject of scientific analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account an interdisciplinary methodology that stablish the connection between the past situation and the current situation, this paper analyse the relationship between the Holy See and the Spanish State during the Second Republic, the Franco dictatorship and democracy. In this way, we will see advances and setbacks in the separation of church and state, as well as the problems that arise in this relationship today. All this situation is due to a bad process of the democratic memory in Spain during the Transition, which produces constitutional inconsistencies and democratic anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes political activities of Count M. Tyszkiewicz. The author sets out from an overview of his descent, academic education, and family relationship. Particular attention is devoted to Tyszkiewicz's involvement in political affairs, formation of his views, as well as social and political undertakings. Another element highlighted here is Tyszkiewicz's activity as a patron, his contribution to the development of Ukrainian and Polish culture, and relations with Ukrainian politicians and writers at the turn of the 20th century. Furthermore, the author discusses his diplomatic achievement as a representative of Ukraine to the Holy See and the peace conference in Paris. Based on a study of correspondence between Tyszkiewicz and Ukrainian politicians, the author emphasizes his commitment to the Ukrainian cause on the international scene and efforts to seek recognition of the Ukrainian state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The doctrine of the Holy Hungarian Crown is the key ideological concept of the functioning of inter-war Hungary as a „kingdom without a king". One of the foundations of this doctrine, as evidenced by the correspondence kept in the Vatican's Apostolic Archive, was the use of Iancu de Hunedoara's figure as an institutional alibi to justify how the Hungarian republican government can take over the monarch's attributes even if he does not exist. It is used as an argument the period when Iancu de Hunedoara was governor of Hungary, pointing out that there is the Sacred Crown even in the absence of a crowned king. The main testimony on this subject is Cardinal Ján Černoch, Archbishop of Esztergom, who has a correspondence on this topic with the apostolic nuncio in Vienna in November 1918. It turns out that one of the pillars of the inter-war and current Hungarian state doctrine is Iancu de Hunedoara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After being canonically erected in 1388, the Cathedral Chapter of Vilnius did not have any recognized privileges or land grants. It subsisted exclusively off of the bishop of Vilnius' bona mensae, and it followed the Cathedral Chapter of Cracow's example with regard to its organization, internal structure, activities, and relationship with the diocesan bishop. Having certain privileges and revenue at its disposal in the 15th century, the canonical corporation of Vilnius began to seek greater legitimacy. It was not until 1515, however, that Bishop Wojciech Radziwiłł ordered that the Chapter write up its rights and duties in the form of statutes and that the Holy See approve them. Pope Leo X subsequently approved the Cathedral Chapter of Vilnius' statutes through his legate Bishop Zacharias Ferreri on November 29, 1520. The papal confirmation gave the Cathedral Chapter of Vilnius strong legal standing that no one, with the exception of the Holy See, could violate or change. The statutes strengthened the Chapter's position in relation to the diocesan bishop, which turned out to be both in accordance with the spirit of the times and, with time, affirmed by the Council of Trent (1545-1563). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of the International Office of Catholic Education (OIEC) is to represent the Catholic education movement at the international level and help promote exchanges between Catholic schools and their leaders globally. How effective is OIEC in representing the Catholic education movement at the international level and promoting quality education for all, particularly in the context of the UN's Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4)? The objective of this essay is to explore this question by contrasting how the network and the strength of Catholic schools may be perceived from the outside, and how difficult in practice it is for OIEC to fully plays its essential, but challenging role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author deals with the origin and development of the conflict between Archbishop Stadler and the Croatian National Community and the mission of Apostolic Delegate Pierre Bastien in reconciling the estranged parties. The paper is in two parts: the first section deals with the origin and development of the conflict, that is, the events from 1908 to the end of 1910, while the second section deals with the mission of Apostolic Delegate Bastien, which - with reference to this matter - lasted from the end of 1910 to the beginning of 1912. The conflict arose over the inclusion or non-inclusion of Catholic principles in the Community statutes. Archbishop Stadler felt that if the Community wanted to care for the well-being of Croat Catholics, it must do so in accordance with the principles of the Catholic faith and make this clear in its statutes. The leadership of the Community considered this unnecessary. The conflict intensified after the annexation of 1908 and the announcement of the organization of political life, that is, the proclamation of elections and the convening of parliament. In this period, Stadler intensified pressure on the leadership of the Community. Fearing that the Community might pursue a policy without cooperating with church structures, he again insisted on the incorporation of Catholic principles in the statutes, also asking the Community to work in cooperation with the clergy. When the Community refused, he tried - but failed - to change its leadership. During these events, the clergy were divided: the diocesan clergy sided with Stadler, while the Franciscan clergy sided with the Community. Concluding that he would not be able to change things in the Community, Stadler set about founding a new political organization - the Croatian Catholic Association. In founding the Association, he forbade the clergy of his diocese, who worked in the parishes, to become members of the Community. The diocesan clergy obeyed, while the Franciscan clergy, although officially exiting the Community, continued to work for it. Mutual recriminations, which at times went beyond the boundaries of decency and ecclesiastical propriety, became public. As the issue manifestly became a Church problem, both sides requested the intervention of the Holy See, which decided to send Benedictine P. Bastien, as Apostolic Delegate, with the mission of reconciling the two parties. The Apostolic Delegate carried out this mission from late 1910 until early 1912. At the end of March 1911, after a three-month stay in Bosnia, he sent the Holy See his first report on the division among Catholics in BiH. Bastien's report diverges substantially from the facts that had led to the conflict. He identified Archbishop Stadler as the main culprit in the dispute, though he attributed some responsibility to both the Community and the Franciscans. Bastien tried to resolve the conflict by mediating a reconciliation effort and finding a solution with the hierarchy. This approach did not bear fruit. The views of Archbishop Stadler and Bishop Markovic, who supported the Community, remained unchanged. After failing with the hierarchy, he turned to the leaders of the Community and the Association. Both sides were inclined to come together. The main obstacle was securing the revocation of Stadler's ban on clergy joining the Community. Representatives of the Association suggested that the ban be rescinded after the proposed merger took place, while Community representatives demanded that the ban be rescinded as a condition for negotiations. Bastien supported the position of the Community. At the same time as Bastien's negotiations with the representatives of the Community and the Association, the Party of Rights from Zagreb was involved in mediating reconciliation. Bastien was asked not to participate in these negotiations. Although he did not participate, he continued to insist that Stadler rescind the ban. Stadler skillfully sidestepped this until reunification in January 1912, after which he rescinded the ban. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni is the property of Editrice Morcelliana S.p.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article shows the involvement of the Vatican in the process of legalizing the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The classification of research shows the evolution of their development. The author notes that the illegal existence of the Greek Catholic Church in the Soviet Union was marked by a series of events and phenomena. They are classified in two categories. First – the tireless struggle of the clergy and the faith for family live, and second – a systematic struggle for the legalization of church. For the latter, the Ukrainian Greek Catholics wanted to engage the Vatican administration. In characterizing the historiographical base and relying on a wide range of research, the autor tries to show the changes in estimating Vatican’s involvement in resolving the crisis of the church in the Western regions of the Ukrainian SSR in the 1950’s – 1980’s. Thus, a large historiographical base reveals a wide range of opinions that reflects the participation of the various representatives of Vatican and of its administration in lobbying the legalization of the UGCC. This approach is related to the necessity of a critical reflection of the Soviet-Vatican relations in the late twentieth century, that of the impact Vatican on the revival of church life in the Soviet Union as a whole. As a conclusion, the article presents a view on a change in the Vatican’s Eastern policy during the late 1950s – 1980s. It shows different factors that affected the process. Special attention is given to those driwing the attention of the papal curia on the Ukrainian issues. These include the Second Vatican Council, the Metropolitan J. Slipyy’s release from prison, the emergence of information about the mass crimes of the Soviet government, the pontificate of John Paul II etc.

The workings within the Holy See has one of the oldest diplomatic institutions. Unlike other states with their national interests the diplomatic role of the Holy See within the international community is based on the moral authority of the Pope in favour of the wellbeing of people. Malaysia is the 179th state to have diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The relations are rather unique because no economy and consular divisions are involved. In fact, the core of the relations is based on the mutual interest of promoting justice, peace and tolerance. Although the diplomatic relations were established in 2011, this article demonstrates that there were already cordial engagements between the Popes and local leaders. This article explores the relations between Malaysia and the Holy See and analyses the reasons for Malaysia to establish relations with the Holy See and the bilateral activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the contents of agreements between the Holy See and Latin American Countries from the Second Vatican Council until today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an analysis of the main episodes that structured the formation of a conflict between Portugal and the Holy See on the missionary work during the years after the Restoration. This scenario is closely related to the strengthening of the Sacred Congregation de Propaganda Fide, founded in 1622 to coordinate the pontifical policy for the expansion of Christianity. The actions of the Jesuit Nuno da Cunha, D. João IV’s envoy to deal with the Holy See, were crucial to define the basis of the Portuguese response to this new context. The 1640s and 1650s were decisive for this debate and its events already contained, although in an embryonic way, the genesis of the arguments and practices that underpinned the policy of evangelization promoted by the Holy See, as well as the strategies and reasons used by the Portuguese Crown to defend its Royal Patronage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the twentieth century, some Palestinian and Lebanese Salesians, influenced by the Arab Renaissance movement, began to claim the right to oppose the 'directorships' of the institutes of the Don Bosco Society in Bethlehem and the surrounding area. They also began to request better recognition of their native language, in schools and within the religious community. They clashed with their superiors who, in the meantime, had signed an agreement with the Salesian government in Rome, committing them to developing the Italian language in their teaching institutes. The struggle became particularly fierce after the Holy See rebuked the Palestinian religious congregations for teaching the catechism and explaining the Sunday Gospel to people in a foreign language and urged them to do so in Arabic. The clash caused a serious disturbance within the Salesian community. Finally, after the First World War, the most turbulent Arab religious were removed from the Society of Don Bosco. All converged in the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, where they continued forcefully (but in vain) to put forward their national demands. This article is based on several unpublished sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the French mandate in Syria and Lebanon, the Holy See develops new aims and means of action. We have studied them through the letters written to Rome by Mons. Frediano Giannini, vicar apostolic of Aleppo and apostolic delegate in Syria from 1905 to 1936. Giannini's reports provide a good example of the way missionaries produce knowledge about Eastern Christian communities. He tells about the trials and migrations endured by them, thus taking part in the development of a new perception of Christian communities as persecuted minorities. Giannini turns to French authorities in order to defend Christians' interests (both Catholics' and Orthodox'). His position is ambiguous : he feels nostalgic about the traditional French protectorate, and in the same time involves himself in political matters, taking on part of the French former role. This ambivalence reveals the rise of a new pontifical policy, based on increasing autonomy and centralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of eHumanista is the property of Professor Antonio Cortijo-Ocana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Iuridica Toruniensia is the property of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Law & Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Military Science Review / Hadtudományi Szemle is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On the basis of published archival material and literature, the authors analyse the politicial situation and diplomatic activities in Europe that led to the international recognition of Croatia in 1992. Particular attention is paid to the role played by the Holy See and Pope John Paul II in the process of international recognition of Croatia. The role of Pope John Paul II during the period of the Cold War, as well as overcoming the totalitarian and antireligious ideologies is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Politica: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales is the property of Departamento De Historia del Pensamiento y de los Moviemientos Sociales y Politicos (Madrid) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research relates to a package of unpublished information from the Foreign Ministry of Italy’s Archives. These are documents stating that the former head of Romanian Freemasonry, Jean Pangal, was sent by King Carol II of Romania to negotiate at the Holy See the possibility of the religious union of the Romanian Orthodox Church with the Catholic Church. The information comes from the Italian Embassy to the Holy See and are extended over the years 1937–1939. The Italian Foreign Ministry is interested in this movement of religious union because it could move towards political solutions non approved by Mussolini’s regime due to Romania’s international position gained in this context. The Holy See did not provide any relevant information on this issue to the fascist authorities either in order to interfere not with Italian foreign policy or because the plan of religious union was too fragile and conditioned rather by the King Carol II’s policy than by the wishes of the Romanian Orthodox Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lusitania Sacra is the property of Universidade Catolica Portuguesa, Centro de Estudos de Historia Religiosa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main target of the study is to identify the way the 1514 crusade from the Kingdom of Hungary (and implicitly Transylvania) was organised from the financial point of view. In order to achieve its main objective, the study analyses the institutions or particulars which provided material aid for the crusade against the Ottoman Empire, and also the methods by which these contributions were centralised and/or sent to the ecclesiastical or lay leaders of the crusade. For this type of analysis we questioned internal and external sources, historical mentions which provide implicit or explicit financial information and also numeral/exact amounts or relative details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istraživanja: Journal of Historical Researches is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There has always been a powerful connection in human consciousness between the beauty and otherworldliness of the night sky, and humanity’s religious yearnings toward a reality beyond the mundane. When Pope Leo XIII established an astronomical observatory in 1891, it was as a way of demonstrating the Church’s support of science; his choice of astronomy in particular was based primarily on the Holy See’s already established good reputation in the field, and specific opportunities for international collaborations. Nonetheless, since its founding, Popes have taken advantage of the natural connection between sky and “heaven” to promote the exploration of space as a way of coming closer, emotionally and intellectually, to the Creator. However, the nature of how this connection is understood has changed significantly over the past 125 years, most recently with the challenges of the Space Age.