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Abstract Hip pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint that leads many people to seek medical attention. We conducted a primary genome-wide association study (GWAS) on the hip pain phenotype within the UK Biobank cohort. Sex-stratified GWAS analysis approach was also performed to explore sex specific variants associated with hip pain. We found seven different loci associated with hip pain at GWAS significance level, with the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) being rs77641763 within the EXD3 (p value = 2.20 × 10–13). We utilized summary statistics from the FinnGen cohort and a previous GWAS meta-analysis on hip osteoarthritis as replication cohorts. Four loci (rs509345, rs73581564, rs9597759, rs2018384) were replicated with a p value less than 0.05. Sex-stratified GWAS analyses revealed a unique locus within the CUL1 gene (rs4726995, p = 2.56 × 10–9) in males, and three unique loci in females: rs1651359966 on chromosome 7 (p = 1.15 × 10–8), rs552965738 on chromosome 9 (p = 2.72 × 10–8), and rs1978969 on chromosome 13 (p = 2.87 × 10–9). This study has identified seven genetic loci associated with hip pain. Sex-stratified analysis also revealed sex specific variants associated with hip pain in males and females. This study has provided a foundation for advancing research of hip pain and hip osteoarthritis.

There has been a rapid expansion of immunotherapy options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over the past two decades, particularly with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Despite the emerging role of immunotherapy in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings though, relatively few patients will respond to immunotherapy which can be problematic due to expense and toxicity; thus, the development of biomarkers capable of predicting immunotherapeutic response is imperative. Due to the promise of a noninvasive, personalized approach capable of providing comprehensive, real-time monitoring of tumor heterogeneity and evolution, there has been wide interest in the concept of using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to predict treatment response. Although the use of ctDNA to detect actionable mutations such as EGFR is now integral in the standard of care for patients with NSCLC, several large studies have also shown its potential as a biomarker of immunotherapeutic response. Ongoing ctDNA interventional clinical trials, such as the BR.36 trial, will help to clarify the potential role of ctDNA for therapeutic guidance. Despite the promise of this technology, there are many limitations and considerations that clinicians need to be aware of prior to widespread implementation in clinical practice, such as the effect of underlying comorbidities, ctDNA fraction, stage of underlying malignancy, and concordance between aberrations detected in ctDNA and tumor tissue.

Community engagement has been named a research priority by the National Institutes of Health, and scholars are calling for community engagement as an approach to address racism and equity in science. Robust community-engaged research can improve research quality, increase inclusion of traditionally marginalized populations, broaden the impact of findings on real-life situations, and is particularly valuable for underexplored research topics. The goal of this paper is to describe lessons learned and best practices that emerged from community engagement in a multi-institution population health research consortium. We describe how a foundation was laid to enable community-engaged research activities in the consortium, using a staged and stepped process to build and embed multi-level community-engaged research approaches.. We staged our development to facilitate (a) awareness of community engagement among consortium members, (b) the building of solidarity and alliances, and (c) the initiation of long-term engagement to allow for meaningful research translation. Our stepped process involved strategic planning; building momentum; institutionalizing engagement into the consortium infrastructure; and developing, implementing, and evaluating a plan. We moved from informal, one-time community interactions to systematic, formalized, capacity-building reciprocal engagement. We share our speed bumps and troubleshooting that inform our recommendations for other large research consortia-including investing the time it takes to build up community engagement capacity, acknowledging and drawing on strengths of the communities of interest, assuring a strong infrastructure of accountability for community engagement, and grounding the work in anti-racist principles.

This article presents the C-grid implementation of the CICE sea ice model, including the C-grid discretization of the momentum equation, the boundary conditions (BCs), and the modifications to the code required to use the incremental remapping transport scheme. To validate the new C-grid implementation, many numerical experiments were conducted and compared to the B-grid solutions. In idealized experiments, the standard advection method (incremental remapping with C-grid velocities interpolated to the cell corners) leads to a checkerboard pattern. A modal analysis demonstrates that this computational noise originates from the spatial averaging of C-grid velocities at corners. The checkerboard pattern can be eliminated by adjusting the departure regions to match the divergence obtained from the solution of the momentum equation. We refer to this novel approach as the edge flux adjustment (EFA) method. The C-grid discretization with edge flux adjustment allows for transport in channels that are one grid cell wide – a capability that is not possible with the B-grid discretization nor with the C-grid and standard remapping advection. Simulation results match the predicted values of a novel analytical solution for one-grid-cell-wide channels.

IntroductionSocial prescribing (SP) is a holistic and collaborative approach to help individuals access community-based supports and services for their nonmedical social needs. The aim of this study was to assess the needs and priorities of Canadian older adults (aged 55 years and older), with a focus on optimizing SP programs for those who are systemically disadvantaged and socially marginalized. MethodsSemistructured focus groups (N = 10 groups, 43 participants) were conducted online via Zoom with participants from across Canada. Data transcription and thematic analysis were completed in NVivo. Analyses were informed by self-determination theory. ResultsOur results suggest that older adults desire SP programs that respect their ability to maintain their autonomy and independence, aid and facilitate the development of connectedness and belonging, are built on a foundation of trust and relationship-building in interactions with providers and link workers, and prioritize the person and thus personalize SP to the unique needs of each individual. ConclusionSP programs should be informed by the values of older adults. As work is currently underway to formalize and scale SP in Canada, personalizing these programs to the unique circumstances, needs and priorities of participants should be a top priority.

IntroductionLa prescription sociale est une approche holistique et collaborative qui vise à aider les individus à avoir accès aux mesures de soutien et aux services communautaires nécessaires pour combler leurs besoins sociaux non médicaux. Cette étude visait à évaluer les besoins et les priorités des aînés canadiens (55 ans et plus), en portant une attention particulière à l’optimisation des programmes de prescription sociale à l’intention des personnes qui sont systémiquement défavorisées et socialement marginalisées. MéthodologieDes groupes de discussion semi-structurés (N = 10 groupes, 43 participants) ont été organisés en ligne sur Zoom avec des participants de l’ensemble du Canada. La transcription des données et l’analyse thématique ont été réalisées à l’aide du logiciel NVivo. Les analyses s’appuient sur la théorie de l’autodétermination. RésultatsD’après nos résultats, les aînés souhaitent avoir accès à des programmes de prescription sociale qui respectent leur capacité à maintenir leur autonomie et leur indépendance; qui favorisent le développement de liens et d’un sentiment d’appartenance; qui sont fondés sur la confiance et l’établissement de relations solides dans les interactions avec les fournisseurs et les agents de liaison communautaires et qui donnent la priorité à la personne, personnalisant ainsi la prescription sociale en fonction des besoins spécifiques de chacun. ConclusionLes programmes de prescription sociale doivent être fondés sur les valeurs des aînés. Alors que des travaux sont actuellement en cours pour formaliser et étendre la prescription sociale au Canada, la personnalisation de ces programmes en fonction de la situation, des besoins et des priorités spécifiques des participants devrait être une priorité majeure.

The United States government has positioned itself as the global exemplar in the anti-human trafficking arena, including through its unparalleled financial support for domestic and international anti-trafficking activities. How the US has allocated these funds has not previously been systematically studied. Building on original databases compiled through a review of the US Attorney General’s Annual Report to Congress on US Government Activities to Combat Trafficking in Persons for fiscal years 2017–2021, in this article, I offer a detailed analysis of US anti-trafficking funding allocations. I find that during the five-year period under review, the vast majority of US anti-trafficking funds were spent on reactive activities, including the identification, protection, and support of trafficking survivors and efforts to improve the detection, arrest, and prosecution of traffickers. In contrast, activities targeting the conditions that increase precarity, rendering certain populations at heightened risk of being trafficked, or that enable the exploitation of precarity, were relatively under-funded. When these conditions were addressed by funded activities, the targets were nearly always countries in Africa, Asia, or Latin America, perpetuating a discourse of trafficking as a social problem rooted in poor policies, practices, and inequalities seen as endemic in the Global South.

The prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, and the role of diet in its etiology has been established. The Dietary inflammatory index (DII) has attracted significant attention in evaluating associations between diet and diseases due to the role of chronic inflammation as an underlying cause of numerous disease processes. Therefore, the relationship between DII score and the risk of T2DM is evaluated in the Iranian population for the first time. Methods: 113 newly diagnosed T2DM patients and 226 apparently disease-free control cases aged 23-59 participated in this case-control study. A valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Then, energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were computed and categorized into quartiles based on values in the population study. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between DII and the risk of T2DM after controlling for important potential confounders and effect modifiers. Results: A significant association was observed between E-DII score and T2DM in the crude model (P-trend

Our immune system acts to protect us in times of stress and traumatic injury. As part of the immune response, the body produces various cytokines, which mediate or modulate immune functions. Such cytokines include tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-17. These cytokines can also act on the nervous system to influence pain perception. TNF-α triggers an inflammatory response and two forms of programmed cell death, apoptosis and necroptosis, depending on the pathological state. For individuals with chronic conditions relating to immune deficiency, the actions of these cytokines can present as chronic pain states, significantly altering quality of life. One attractive potential solution for treating this immune linked pain is by altering signaling pathways of pain-enhancing cytokines. Infliximab and etanercept are TNF inhibitors that are currently on the market for use in the treatment of chronic pain. Secukinumab and tocilizumab serve as IL inhibitors, utilized for a similar purpose. These novel immunotherapies have shown efficacy in numerous clinical studies with acceptable side effect profiles. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological profiles of these drugs and discuss their usage in treating chronic pain.

Purpose: Phonological awareness (PA), the awareness of sounds in spoken words, is strongly linked to reading outcomes. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness of PA instruction without including print (i.e. PA without exposure to words or letters). Specifically, is PA-only instruction just as effective in improving reading outcomes when compared to print-based instruction (e.g. phonics)? Method: Robust variance estimation was used to examine the effectiveness of PA-only instruction across 38 independent studies and 293 effect sizes. The sample consisted of 3,880 participants in preschool through first grade. The average age of participants was 5 years 7 months. Moderator analysis were conducted to examine differences in effect across outcomes, comparison conditions and participant characteristics. Results: PA-only instruction had a moderate overall effect (g = 0.57, 95% CI [0.40, 0.74], p < 0.001) on reading-related outcomes. PA-only instruction was less effective when compared to print-based instruction (g = -0.54, 95% CI [-0.80, -0.27], p < 0.001) and less effective for word reading outcomes (g = -0.33, 95% CI [-0.66, -0.01], p = 0.05) than for PA outcomes (g = 0.64, 95% CI [0.44, 0.84], p < 0.001). Conclusion: PA-only instruction can be beneficial for reading-related outcomes, but the effect varies depending on two important contextual factors: 1) the reading outcome type and 2) the comparison condition. Specifically, PA-only instruction might be less effective in improving word reading outcomes than PA outcomes. In addition, it has less of an effect on reading-related outcomes when compared to print-based instruction like phonics.

This practice article describes one inclusive postsecondary education program's pilot intervention to increase communication amongst caregivers and inclusive postsecondary staff. This pilot intervention aimed to address and alleviate the difficulty caregivers might experience as their young adult with an intellectual or developmental disability transitions into postsecondary schooling, as channels of communication and advocacy shift from the caregiver to the young adult themselves while attempting to utilize postsecondary staff resources efficiently. This article briefly overviews the planning process for a monthly virtual parent/guardian meeting throughout the academic year and reviews outcomes from this pilot intervention.

We are an interdisciplinary group of colleagues dedicated to partner engagement and team science. This influences our academic work, informs our research mentorship and capacity-building initiatives with junior scholars, conditions how we communicate with individuals outside of our disciplines, and makes lifelong learning a priority for ourselves and our trainees. Using the analogy of a seven-layer cake, this paper describes our capacity-building approach to develop, engage, and sustain research teams in a manner that aligns with health and risk communication principles. While preparing for a pandemic and engaging in team-based academic research may seem like apples and oranges, they both require the same key component throughout the process that we must encourage in our mentorship practices - effective communication. We provide concrete examples from our experiences on research teams that span decades and institutions.

Technology-enhanced teaching and learning (TETL) is the integration of technology into teaching and learning practices to improve the quality of learning outcomes. This is an essential strategy for improving educational quality. School leaders significantly affect the integration of effective TETL in classrooms, and the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) provides Standards for Leaders that serve as a framework for innovation in education. This study employed a qualitative, multi-level, multi-case study to investigate highly effective TETL public school districts in a southern state. Results of this study lead to the development of the Team Empowered Leadership Model, a multi-level leadership focused on encompassing the following key elements: vision, curriculum focus, student-centered, foster growth, empower future leaders, and support.

Occupational therapy practitioners (OTP) work with individuals with diagnoses that are subject to stigma including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While measures have been developed to broadly assess implicit attitudes toward disability, bias toward ADHD specifically has not been examined in individuals who work with this population. This cross-sectional study involved school-based professionals recruited via online message boards. Forty-seven individuals (24 OT, 23 other professionals) participated in online questionnaires including the ADHD Stigma Questionnaire to assess explicit bias. An author developed Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure focusing on stigma words related to ADHD was completed by a subset of 27 individuals. Although both groups displayed bias, occupational therapy practitioners demonstrated lower rates of both explicit and implicit bias toward individuals with ADHD than other professionals. Correlations between lower explicit and implicit bias scores were found among all participants. This study introduces an important tool for assessing preexisting biases toward children with ADHD. It has the potential to impact educational training regarding diversity, equity, and inclusion for professionals working in the school and early intervention setting including occupational therapy practitioners.

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the overall effects of automaticity training of fundamental literacy component skills (i.e., letter names/sounds, individual words) on reading fluency and comprehension. Another purpose was to assess if the effects of automaticity training varied for reading fluency and comprehension. We identified 11 research studies involving students in Grades 1-6 that met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. A total of 83 effect sizes (Hedges g, corrected for sample size bias) were extracted from these studies. These studies were double-coded for specific features (e.g., student age, student grade, type of automaticity training). We meta-analyzed the effect sizes using a multi-level meta-analytic model and examined whether the outcome measure type (comprehension or fluency) moderated the effects of automaticity training. We also analyzed for publication bias. The overall effect size for automaticity training of fundamental literacy component skills on reading fluency and comprehension was 0.28, although it was not statistically significant. Shifting units of analysis approach indicated there was a statistically significant effect found for reading fluency outcomes [g = 0.48 (CI = 0.23, 0.72)] but not for reading comprehension (ES = 0.17 ns). Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.

Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are a collection of hematopoietic disorders with widely variable prognoses and treatment options. Accurate pathologic diagnoses present challenges because of interobserver variability in interpreting morphology and quantifying dysplasia. We compared local clinical site diagnoses with central, adjudicated review from 918 participants enrolled in the ongoing National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National MDS Natural History Study, a prospective observational cohort study of participants with suspected MDS or MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Locally, 264 (29%) were diagnosed as having MDS, 15 (2%) MDS/MPN overlap, 62 (7%) idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance (ICUS), 0 (0%) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with

Objective: The purpose of this analysis was to explore adolescent and adult womens preferences for the content and delivery of public health messaging around bladder health. Materials and Methods: This was a directed content analysis of focus group data from the Study of Habits, Attitudes, Realities, and Experiences, which explored adolescent and adult womens experiences, perceptions, beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors related to bladder health and function across the life course. This article reports an analysis of the Public Health Messaging code, which includes participants views on what information is needed about bladder health, attributes of messaging, and preferred locations and delivery methods. Results: Forty-four focus groups were conducted with 360 participants (ages 11-93 years) organized into six age groups. Across age groups, participants wanted messaging on maintaining bladder health and preventing bladder problems. They offered suggestions for a wide variety of methods to deliver bladder health information. Ideas for delivery methods fell into three broad categories: (1) traditional in-person modes of delivery, which included individual communication with providers in clinical settings and group-based methods in schools and other community settings where adolescent and adult women naturally gather; (2) internet-based website and social media delivery methods; and (3) static (noninteractive) modes of delivery such as pamphlets. Participants recommended the development of multiple delivery methods to be tailored for specific audiences. Conclusions: These findings can inform development of broad ranging public health messaging tailored to audiences of all ages with a goal of engaging adolescent and adult women across the bladder health risk spectrum.