1,275 results on '"Glycopolymer"'
Search Results
102. Synthesis of a pyruvylated N-acetyl-β-D-mannosamine containing disaccharide repeating unit of a cell wall glycopolymer from Paenibacillus alvei
- Author
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Paul Kosma, Simon Krauter, and Christina Schäffer
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Cell wall ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Paenibacillus alvei ,ved/biology ,Stereochemistry ,Glycopolymer ,Organic Chemistry ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Disaccharide ,Mannosamine - Published
- 2020
103. General Aspects
- Author
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Nishimura, Shin-ichiro, Fraser-Reid, Bertram O., editor, Tatsuta, Kuniaki, editor, and Thiem, Joachim, editor
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
104. REDOX Responsive Fluorescence Active Glycopolymer Based Nanogel: A Potential Material for Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery
- Author
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Mahitosh Mandal, Nikhil K. Singha, Sarthik Samanta, Koushik Bhattacharya, Subhayan Das, and Sovan Lal Banerjee
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Glycopolymer ,fungi ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Biomedical Engineering ,Chain transfer ,General Chemistry ,Raft ,Redox responsive ,Anticancer drug ,Fluorescence ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Polymerization ,Nanogel - Abstract
A well-defined glycopolymer based fluorescence active nanogel has been prepared via the combination of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and Diels-Alder (DA) "click" chemistry. To prepare the nanogel, initially, a functional AB block copolymer (BCP) poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate)
- Published
- 2022
105. Au-Capped Nanopillar Immobilized with a Length-Controlled Glycopolymer for Immune-Related Protein Detection
- Author
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Eiichi Tamiya, Hyota Takamatsu, Ain Obara, Wilfred Espulgar, Yuhei Terada, and Masato Saito
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Polymers ,Glycopolymer ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Biomedical Engineering ,Nanotechnology ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,Surface Plasmon Resonance ,Protein detection ,Nanoimprint lithography ,law.invention ,Polymerization ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Sputtering ,law ,Cytokines ,Adsorption ,Surface plasmon resonance ,Localized surface plasmon ,Nanopillar - Abstract
A Au-capped nanopillar chip was prepared using nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and Au sputtering onto a cyclo-olefin polymer film. The Au surface of the chip exerting localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomena was immobilized with a glycopolymer for the detection of cytokines. The glycopolymers were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization for controlled polymer chain length, and thiol-terminated glycopolymers with chain lengths of 20-, 100-, and 200-mers were designed. The thickness of the biomolecular layer on the Au surface was controlled by changing the polymer chain length of the immobilized glycopolymer, and the absorption of proteins onto the Au surface was detected by the shift of absorbance peak wavelength. The value of absorbance peak wavelength shift by protein adsorption increased as the glycopolymer layer thickness became thinner. This difference in LSPR signal response was remarkable for cytokine recognition compared to larger proteins. It was shown that controlling the biomolecular layer thickness was effective for the detection of small proteins, and our research suggested the usefulness of the controlled glycopolymer surface as a molecular recognition material for cytokine detection.
- Published
- 2022
106. Chemoenzymatic synthesis and characterization of N -glycolylneuraminic acid-carrying sialoglycopolypeptides as effective inhibitors against equine influenza virus hemagglutination.
- Author
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Ogata, Makoto, Koizumi, Ami, Sakamoto, Mao, Aita, Rena, Otsubo, Tadamune, Ikeda, Kiyoshi, Kato, Tatsuya, Park, Enoch Y., Yamanaka, Takashi, and Hidari, Kazuya I. P. J.
- Subjects
- *
INFLUENZA treatment , *BLOOD agglutination , *SIALIC acids - Abstract
A series of novel sialoglycopolypeptides carryingN-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc)-containing trisaccharides having α(2 → 3)- and α(2 → 6)-linkages in the side chains of γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) were designed as competitive inhibitors against equine influenza viruses (EIV), which critically recognize the Neu5Gc residue for receptor binding. Using horse red blood cells (HRBC) we successfully evaluated the binding activity of the multivalent Neu5Gc ligands to both equine and canine influenza viruses in the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Our findings show the multivalent α2,3-linked Neu5Gc-ligands (3a–c and 7) selectively inhibit hemagglutination mediated by both influenza viruses and display a strong inhibitory activity. Our results indicate that the multivalent Neu5Gc-ligands can be used as novel probes to elucidate the mechanism of infection/adhesion of Neu5Gc-binding influenza viruses. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of novel sialoglycopolypeptides carryingN-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing trisaccharides. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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107. Acetyl-α- d-mannopyranose-based cationic polymer via RAFT polymerization for lectin and nucleic acid bindings.
- Author
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Ting, S. R. Simon, Min, Eun Hee, Lau, Benjamin K. F., and Hutvagner, Gyorgy
- Subjects
PYRANOSES ,ADDITION polymerization ,ACETYL group ,LECTINS ,CATIONIC polymers ,MANNOSE-binding lectins ,NUCLEIC acids - Abstract
ABSTRACT Functional cationic polymers carrying mannose moieties were synthesized in a facile manner by employing RAFT polymerization. Initially, a protected carbohydrate based monomer, [2-(2,3,4,6-tetra- O-acetyl-α- d-mannopyranosyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (AcManEMA)], was prepared by the O-glycosylation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Subsequently, a macroRAFT agent of poly[2-(dimethyl)amino ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) was generated, and a further chain extension polymerization with AcManEMA was carried out in dioxane to form a acetylated mannose cationic diblock copolymer, PDMAEMA- b-PAcManEMA. It was attained in high yields and displayed low dispersity ( Ð). Acetylated mannose moieties on the polymer were deprotected with sodium methoxide and the amines from the DMAEMA block were protonated to yield a cationic diblock glycopolymer, PDMAEMA- b-PManEMA. The cationic property of polymers were characterized by mixing with a negatively charged siRNA duplex and a pDNA, and aggregates of 102 and 233 nm were obtained, respectively. Agarose gel shift assay revealed that the polymers were able to retain the nucleic acids as large polymer complexes. Lectin binding assay proved that the mannose residue on the polymers were only able to bind specifically with ConA. PNA lectin was employed as a control and did not show specific binding. The cationic glycopolymer could be advantageous in targeted nucleic acids delivery in specific cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44947. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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108. Modification of bovine serum albumin with aminophenylboronic acid as glycan sensor based on surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry.
- Author
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De-Min Wang, Xin Meng, Xiao-Bin Li, Hao-Jie He, Teng-Fei Zhao, Tian-Wei Jia, Yun He, Yang Yang, and Peng Yu
- Subjects
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BORONIC acids , *GLYCANS , *SERUM albumin , *CHEMICAL detectors , *ISOTHERMAL titration calorimetry - Abstract
Aminophenylboronic acid (ABA) modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) was prepared as neolectin and its interactions with oligosaccharides and glycopolymer were studied by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The conjugation between the primary amine group of the ABA molecule and lysine residues on BSA was performed with an adipate-based strategy to afford the synthetic neoprotein. The number of ABA molecules loaded to BSA surface was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. In the BSA-ABA and sugar interaction study, no signal was observed for both the SPR and ITC sensor platform using monosaccharides as the analyte, indicating a weak binding affnity, while the galactose modified polymer showed an enhanced response. The binding affinities of the galactosyl- polymer to BSA-ABA from SPR and ITC data were in the micromolar range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
109. Dual-Action Heteromultivalent Glycopolymers Stringently Block and Arrest Influenza A Virus Infection In Vitro and Ex Vivo .
- Author
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Parshad B, Schlecht MN, Baumgardt M, Ludwig K, Nie C, Rimondi A, Hönzke K, Angioletti-Uberti S, Khatri V, Schneider P, Herrmann A, Haag R, Hocke AC, Wolff T, and Bhatia S
- Subjects
- Glycosylation, Polymers chemistry, Polymers pharmacology, Influenza, Human drug therapy, Antiviral Agents chemistry, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Humans, Zanamivir chemistry, Zanamivir pharmacology, Alphainfluenzavirus drug effects
- Abstract
Here, we demonstrate the concerted inhibition of different influenza A virus (IAV) strains using a low-molecular-weight dual-action linear polymer. The 6'-sialyllactose and zanamivir conjugates of linear polyglycerol are optimized for simultaneous targeting of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase on the IAV surface. Independent of IAV subtypes, hemagglutination inhibition data suggest better adsorption of the heteromultivalent polymer than homomultivalent analogs onto the virus surface. Cryo-TEM images imply heteromultivalent compound-mediated virus aggregation. The optimized polymeric nanomaterial inhibits >99.9% propagation of various IAV strains 24 h postinfection in vitro at low nM concentrations and is up to 10000× more effective than the commercial zanamivir drug. In a human lung ex vivo multicyclic infection setup, the heteromultivalent polymer outperforms the commercial drug zanamivir and homomultivalent analogs or their physical mixtures. This study authenticates the translational potential of the dual-action targeting approach using small polymers for broad and high antiviral efficacy.
- Published
- 2023
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110. Modification of polyfluorene nanoparticles via inclusion complexation based on cyclodextrin for lectin sensing and cell imaging.
- Author
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Sun, Pengfei, Lin, Mingchang, Chen, Guosong, and Jiang, Ming
- Abstract
Currently, conjugated polymer nanoparticles are widely used with many biological applications, especially bio-imaging and labeling. Thus their modification with different biomacromolecules becomes a crucial step before various applications. In literature, this modification was normally performed via covalent bonds. To our best knowledge, modification based on inclusion complexation has not been reported. Herein, via host-guest interaction between cyclodextrin and adamantane, supramolecular modification to conjugated polyfluorene nanoparticles has been successfully achieved. The glycopolymer-modified conjugated polymer nanoparticles showed excellent binding ability to lectins, such as Galectin-3 and selective imaging behavior to Hep G2 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
111. Conjugation of Lectin to Poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-glycopolymer Micelles for In Vitro Intravesical Drug Delivery.
- Author
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Ning Ning Li, Xiao Yan Cai, Jiu Cun Chen, Xue Feng Hu, and Li Qun Xu
- Subjects
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LECTINS , *POLYCAPROLACTONE , *BLOCK copolymers , *MICELLES , *BLADDER cancer treatment , *ESTERS , *CHEMICAL synthesis , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Amphiphilic poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly[2-(α-D-mannopyranosyloxy) ethyl acrylamide] (PCL-b-PManEA) block copolymers were synthesized via a combination of ring-opening polymerization (ROP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and reactive ester-amine reaction. The PCL-b-PManEA block copolymers can self-assemble into micelles and encapsulate anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). To enhance mucoadhesive property of the resulting DOX-loaded PCL-b-PManEA micelles, Concanavalin A (ConA) lectin was further conjugated with the micelles. Turbidimetric assay using mucin shows that the DOX-loaded PCL-b-PManEA@ConA micelles are mucoadhesive. DOX release from the DOX-loaded PCL-b-PManEA@ConA micelles in artificial urine at 37 °C exhibits an initial burst release, followed by a sustained and slow release over three days. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images indicate that the DOX-loaded PCL-b-PManEA@ConA micelles can be effectively internalized by UMUC3 human urothelial carcinoma cells. The DOX-loaded PCL-b-PManEA@ConA micelles exhibit significant cytotoxicity to these cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
112. Nanostructured glycopolymer augmented liposomes to elucidate carbohydrate-mediated targeting.
- Author
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Chen, Jasmin, Son, Hye-Nam, Hill, John J., Srinivasan, Selvi, Su, Fang-Yi, Stayton, Patrick S., Convertine, Anthony J., and Ratner, Daniel M.
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LIPOSOMES ,NANOSTRUCTURED materials ,DRUG delivery systems ,MACROPHAGES ,GENE expression - Abstract
Carbohydrate receptors on alveolar macrophages are attractive targets for receptor-mediated delivery of nanostructured therapeutics. In this study, we employed reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization to synthesize neoglycopolymers, consisting of mannose- and galactose methacrylate-based monomers copolymerized with cholesterol methacrylate for use in functional liposome studies. Glycopolymer-functional liposomes were employed to elucidate macrophage mannose receptor (CD206) and macrophage galactose-type lectin (CD301) targeting in both primary macrophage and immortal macrophage cell lines. Expression of CD206 and CD301 was observed to vary significantly between cell lines (murine alveolar macrophage, murine bone marrow-derived macrophage, RAW264.7, and MH-S), which has significant implications in in vitro targeting and uptake studies. Synthetic glycopolymers and glycopolymer augmented liposomes demonstrated specific receptor-mediated uptake in a manner dependent on carbohydrate receptor expression. These results establish a platform capable of probing endogenous carbohydrate receptor-mediated targeting via glycofunctional nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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113. Affinity Separation of Lectins Using Porous Membranes Immobilized with Glycopolymer Brushes Containing Mannose or N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine
- Author
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Yoshiko Miura, Yu Hoshino, Tatsuya Murakami, Hirokazu Seto, and Yutaro Ogata
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glycopolymer ,polymer brush ,atom transfer radical polymerization ,lectin ,affinity separation ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 ,Chemical engineering ,TP155-156 - Abstract
Porous membranes with glycopolymer brushes were prepared as biomaterials for affinity separation. Glycopolymer brushes contained acrylic acid and D-mannose or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and were formed on substrates by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The presence of glycopolymer brush was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, and ellipsometry measurements. The interaction between lectin and the glycopolymer immobilized on glass slides was confirmed using fluorescent-labeled proteins. Glycopolymer-immobilized surfaces exhibited specific adsorption of the corresponding lectin, compared with bovine serum albumin. Lectins were continuously rejected by the glycopolymer-immobilized membranes. When the protein solution was permeated through the glycopolymer-immobilized membrane, bovine serum albumin was not adsorbed on the membrane surface. In contrast, concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin were rejected by membranes incorporating D-mannose or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, respectively. The amounts of adsorbed concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin was increased five- and two-fold that of adsorbed bovine serum albumin, respectively.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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114. Synthesis of Glycopolymer Architectures by Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization
- Author
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Ali Ghadban and Luca Albertin
- Subjects
carbohydrate ,glycomonomer ,glycopolymer ,RDRP ,NMP ,CMRP ,ATRP ,RAFT ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
This review summarizes the state of the art in the synthesis of well-defined glycopolymers by Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization (RDRP) from its inception in 1998 until August 2012. Glycopolymers architectures have been successfully synthesized with four major RDRP techniques: Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMP), cyanoxyl-mediated radical polymerization (CMRP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Over 140 publications were analyzed and their results summarized according to the technique used and the type of monomer(s) and carbohydrates involved. Particular emphasis was placed on the experimental conditions used, the structure obtained (comonomer distribution, topology), the degree of control achieved and the (potential) applications sought. A list of representative examples for each polymerization process can be found in tables placed at the beginning of each section covering a particular RDRP technique.
- Published
- 2013
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115. Syntheses of Sulfo-Glycodendrimers Using Click Chemistry and Their Biological Evaluation
- Author
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Tomohiro Fukuda, Yoshiko Miura, and Shunsuke Onogi
- Subjects
glycopolymer ,dendrimer ,click chemistry ,amyloidosis ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
A series of novel glycol-clusters containing sulfonated N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) have been synthesized using click chemistry. Three dendrimers with aromatic dendrons were synthesized using chlorination, azidation and click chemistries. The resulting dendrimers were modified with azide-terminated sulfonated GlcNAc using click chemistry. The sulfonated dendrimers showed affinity for proteins, including the lectin wheat germ agglutinin and amyloid beta peptide (1-42). The dendrimers of G1 and G2 in particular showed the largest affinity for the proteins. The addition of the sulfonated GlcNAc dendrimers of G1 and G2 exhibited an inhibition effect on the aggregation of the amyloid beta peptide, reduced the b-sheet conformation, and led to a reduction in the level of nanofiber formation.
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- 2012
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116. Effect of Arm Number and Length of Star-Shaped Glycopolymers on Binding to Dendritic and Langerhans Cell Lectins
- Author
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Alessandra Monaco, Resat Aksakal, Gokhan Yilmaz, C. Remzi Becer, and Yamin Abdouni
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Glycan ,Cell type ,Langerhans cell ,Polymers and Plastics ,Polymers ,Glycopolymer ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Cell growth regulation ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Polymerization ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lectins ,Materials Chemistry ,medicine ,biology ,Chemistry ,food and beverages ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,carbohydrates (lipids) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Langerhans Cells ,Arm ,biology.protein ,Biophysics ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Many cell types in Nature are covered by glycans with a sugar shell on their surface. Synthetic glycopolymer-based materials can mimic these glycans in terms of their variety of biological processes, such as cell growth regulation, adhesion, inflammation by bacteria and viruses, and immune responses. However, the complexity of glycans is still very challenging to be mimicked completely to obtain specific and selective binding ability. Therefore, in this study we aimed to understand how the complexity in the sense of the effect of number of arms and lengths in star-shaped glycopolymers affect the binding activity with different lectins. The Cu-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Cu-RDRP) technique was employed for the synthesis of mannose containing star-shaped glycopolymers with varying arm number and length. Two sets of star-shaped glycopolymers with on average 1, 3, 7, 8, and 15 arms were successfully synthesized and characterized via
- Published
- 2020
117. Glycopolymers for Efficient Inhibition of Galectin-3: In Vitro Proof of Efficacy Using Suppression of T Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Tumor Cell Migration
- Author
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Pavla Bojarová, Lothar Elling, Tomáš Etrych, Petr Chytil, Olga Janoušková, Marcela Filipová, Kristýna Gunár, Vladimír Křen, Marina Rodrigues Tavares, and Ladislav Bumba
- Subjects
Polymers and Plastics ,Glycopolymer ,Melanoma ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Enhanced permeability and retention effect ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,01 natural sciences ,In vitro ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Apoptosis ,Galectin-3 ,Materials Chemistry ,medicine ,Extracellular ,Cancer research ,0210 nano-technology ,Intracellular - Abstract
The development of efficient galectin-3 (Gal-3) inhibitors draws attention in the field of anti-cancer therapy, especially due to the prominent role of extra- and intracellular Gal-3 in vital processes of cancerogenesis, such as immunosuppression, stimulation of tumor cells proliferation, survival, invasion, apoptotic resistance, and metastasis formation and progression. Here, by combining poly-LacNAc (Galβ4GlcNAc)-derived oligosaccharides with N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers, we synthesized multivalent glycopolymer inhibitors with a high potential to target extracellular and intracellular Gal-3. The inhibitory capabilities of the best conjugate in the studied series were in the nanomolar range proving the excellent Gal-3 inhibitory potential. Moreover, thorough investigation of the inhibitory effect in the biological conditions showed that the glycopolymers strongly inhibited Gal-3-induced apoptosis of T lymphocytes and suppressed migration and spreading of colorectal, breast, melanoma, and prostate cancer cells. In sum, the strong inhibitory activity toward Gal-3, combined with favorable pharmacokinetics of HPMA copolymers ensuring enhanced tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention effect, nominate the glycopolymers containing LacdiNAc-LacNAc (GalNAcβ4GlcNAcβ3Galβ4GlcNAc) tetrasaccharide as promising tools for preclinical in anti-cancer therapy evaluation.
- Published
- 2020
118. Selective Promotion of Adhesion of Shewanella oneidensis on Mannose-Decorated Glycopolymer Surfaces
- Author
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Michael Mellody, Gerard C. L. Wong, Paul S. Weiss, Calvin K. Lee, Thomas D. Young, Andrea M. Kasko, and Walter T. Liau
- Subjects
Materials science ,biology ,Glycopolymer ,Biofilm ,Mannose ,02 engineering and technology ,Adhesion ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Shewanella ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Cell culture ,Biophysics ,General Materials Science ,Shewanella oneidensis ,0210 nano-technology ,Bacteria - Abstract
Using glycopolymer surfaces, we have stimulated Shewanella oneidensis bacterial colonization and induced where the bacteria attach on a molecular pattern. When adherent bacteria were rinsed with methyl α-d-mannopyranoside, the glycopolymer-functionalized surfaces retained more cells than self-assembled monolayers terminated by a single mannose unit. These results suggest that the three-dimensional multivalency of the glycopolymers both promotes and retains bacterial attachment. When the methyl α-d-mannopyranoside competitor was codeposited with the cell culture, however, the mannose-based polymer was not significantly different from bare gold surfaces. The necessity for equilibration between methyl α-d-mannopyranoside and the cell culture to remove the enhancement suggests that the retention of cells on glycopolymer surfaces is kinetically controlled and is not a thermodynamic result of the cluster glycoside effect. The MshA lectin appears to facilitate the improved adhesion observed. Our findings that the surfaces studied here can induce stable initial attachment and influence the ratio of bacterial strains on the surface may be applied to harness useful microbial communities.
- Published
- 2020
119. Temperature-Switchable Glycopolymers and Their Conformation-Dependent Binding to Receptor Targets
- Author
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Stephan Schmidt, Alexander K. Strzelczyk, Melina I. Feldhof, and Tanja J. Paul
- Subjects
Steric effects ,Polymers and Plastics ,Polymers ,Glycopolymer ,Molecular Conformation ,Mannose ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Lower critical solution temperature ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Escherichia coli ,Materials Chemistry ,Binding site ,biology ,Chemistry ,Ligand ,Temperature ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Concanavalin A ,biology.protein ,Biophysics ,0210 nano-technology ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ,Linker - Abstract
The temperature-dependent binding of copolymers from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and mannose ligands to Escherichia coli and concanavalin A (ConA) is determined. Through polymer analogous reactions using poly(N-acryloxysuccinimide) and amine-linked mannose residues with different linkers, glycopolymers are prepared with the variation of the mannose density. Quantitative adhesion inhibition assays show the inhibitory potential of the glycopolymers as a function of the mannose/NIPAM ratio and linker type above and below their lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Intriguingly, opposite temperature effects on the binding to E. coli and ConA are observed. While the E. coli inhibition is stronger above the LCST, the ConA inhibition is, in overall, weaker at elevated temperatures. When going beyond the LCST, the polymers undergo a coil-to-globule transition, forming microphases with surface-enriched hydrophilic sugar moieties exhibiting increased E. coli inhibition through steric shielding. However, the formation of such microphases above the LCST renders a fraction of carbohydrate ligands inaccessible,and the polymers remaining in the solution phase then have coil sizes below the minimum binding site spacing of the ConA receptor, explaining reduced ConA inhibition. Overall, these results suggest that the coil-to-globule transition of glycopolymers may induce lower or higher inhibitory potentials due to the adverse effects of steric shielding and carbohydrate ligand accessibility.
- Published
- 2020
120. Synthesis of pH-Responsive Glycopolymer with End Group Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines as Potential Photosensitizer
- Author
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Qian Duan, Gui Hua Cui, and Shu Guo Dong
- Subjects
Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Glycopolymer ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Zinc ,Raft ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorial chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,End-group ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,General Materials Science ,Photosensitizer ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
A novel end-functionalized glycopolymer poly (3-O-methacryloyl-D-glucofuranose) -b-poly (2-Diethylaminoethyl Methacrylate) (PMAGlc-b-PDEA-ZnTAPc) with zinc (II) teraamaninophthalocyanine was synthesized. First, a pH-responsive copolymer PMAIpG-b-PDEA was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Then PMAIpG-b-PDEA reacted with ZnTAPc and deprotected to form a water-soluble and pH-responsive photosensitizer. The structure of the PMAGlc-b-PDEA-ZnTAPc was characterized by 1H NMR and GPC. The photophysical properties were evaluated by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra. The PMAGlc-b-PDEA-ZnTAPc can generate singlet oxygen species with good singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ△=0.38), which is believed to be the major cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic therapy. The ZnPc functionalized glycopolymer will be used as a potential photosensitizer in the fields of photodynamic therapy.
- Published
- 2020
121. Universal Antifogging and Antimicrobial Thin Coating Based on Dopamine-Containing Glycopolymers
- Author
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Liyin Yu, Kai Feng, Gaojian Chen, Rui Chen, Lun Peng, Yuqing Zheng, and Weidong Zhang
- Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus ,Materials science ,Dopamine ,Glycopolymer ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Nanoparticle ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Antimicrobial ,01 natural sciences ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Polymerization ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Coating ,chemistry ,Superhydrophilicity ,Escherichia coli ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
A novel strategy for preparing universal antifogging and antimicrobial coating is reported by the means of one-step coating and Ag nanoparticle (AgNP) formation in situ. A series of hydrophilic glycopolymers including poly(
- Published
- 2020
122. Star-Shaped Glycopolymers with a Porphyrin Core: Synthesis, Singlet Oxygen Generation, and Photodynamic Therapy
- Author
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Hongmei Liu, Yi Xuan, Ernesto Rivera, Zihan Peng, X. X. Zhu, and Zhiyuan Ma
- Subjects
Polymers and Plastics ,Singlet oxygen ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Glycopolymer ,Organic Chemistry ,Photodynamic therapy ,Photochemistry ,Porphyrin ,Core (optical fiber) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,heterocyclic compounds ,Photosensitizer - Abstract
Porphyrin and its derivatives have become the second generation of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy for cancers. 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]porphyrin photosensitizer was...
- Published
- 2020
123. Exploring and Controlling the Polymorphism in Supramolecular Assemblies of Carbohydrates and Proteins
- Author
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Guosong Chen and Chendi Gao
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Biomimetic materials ,010405 organic chemistry ,Glycopolymer ,Carbohydrates ,Supramolecular chemistry ,Proteins ,Nanotechnology ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Organic media ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Polymorphism (materials science) ,Proteins metabolism ,Animals ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,Humans ,Non-covalent interactions - Abstract
In biology, polymorphism is a well-known phenomenon by which a discrete biomacromolecule can adopt multiple specific conformations in response to its environment. This term can be extended to the ability of biomacromolecules to pack into different ordered patterns. Thus, exploration and control of the polymorphism of biomacromolecules via supramolecular methods have been key steps in achieving bioinspired structures, developing bioinspired functional materials, and exploring the mechanisms of these self-assembly processes, which are models for more complex biological systems. This task could be difficult for proteins and carbohydrates due to the complicated multiple noncovalent interactions of these two species which can hardly be manipulated.In this account, dealing with the structural polymorphisms from biomacromolecular assemblies, we will first briefly comment on the problems that carbohydrate/protein assemblies are facing, and then on the basis of our long-term research on carbohydrate self-assemblies, we will summarize the new strategies that we have developed in our laboratory in recent years to explore and control the polymorphism of carbohydrate/protein assemblies.Considering the inherent ability of carbohydrates to recognize lectin, we proposed the "inducing ligand" strategy to assemble natural proteins into various nanostructures with highly ordered packing patterns. The newly developed inducing ligand approach opened a new window for protein assembly where dual noncovalent interactions (i.e., carbohydrate-protein interactions and dimerization of rhodamine) instead of the traditionally used protein-protein interactions direct the assembly pattern of proteins. As a result, various polymorphisms of protein assemblies have been constructed by simply changing the ligand chemical structure and/or the rhodamine dimerization.Another concept that we proposed for glycopolymer self-assembly is DISA (i.e., deprotection-induced glycopolymer self-assembly). It is well known that protection-deprotection chemistry has been employed to construct complex oligosaccharide structures. However, its application in glycopolymer self-assembly has been overlooked. We initiated this new strategy with diblock copolymers. Such copolymers with a carbohydrate block having protected pendent groups exist as single chains in organic media. The self-assembly can be initiated by the deprotection of the pendent groups. The process was nicely controlled by introducing various protective groups with different deprotection rates. Later on, the DISA process has been proven practical in water and even in the cellular environment, which opens a new avenue for the development of polymeric glycomaterials.Finally, the resultant polymeric glyco-materials, as a new type of biomimetic materials, provide a nice platform for investigating the functions of glycocalyx. The glycocalyx-mimicking nanoparticles achieved unprecedent functions which exceed their carbohydrate precursors. Here, the reversion of tumor-associated macrophages induced by glycocalyx-mimicking nanoparticles will be discussed with potential applications in cancer immunotherapy, where such a reversion effect could be combined with other methods (e.g., tumor checkpoint blockade).
- Published
- 2020
124. Functionalization of structurally diverse glycopolymers on graphene oxide surfaces and their quantification through fluorescence resonance energy transfer with fluorescein isothiocyanate
- Author
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S. Arasaretnam, N. Naga Malleswara Rao, Deepti Sharma, Marshal Dhayal, and Annadanam V. Sesha Sainath
- Subjects
Polymers and Plastics ,Glycopolymer ,02 engineering and technology ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Fluorescence ,0104 chemical sciences ,Absorbance ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Förster resonance energy transfer ,chemistry ,Dynamic light scattering ,Materials Chemistry ,Surface modification ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,Fluorescein isothiocyanate - Abstract
Glycopolymers having three different pendant moieties, such as glucopyranoside, galactopyranoside, and mannopyranoside, were prepared and functionalized on the surfaces of nanoscale graphene oxide particles (GONPs). GONPs exhibited maximum absorbance at around 230 nm in the UV-vis spectrum with an average particle size of 200 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering measurements. The selectivity of pendant moieties of glycopolymer for binding with GONPs was assessed by fluorescence quenched in fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated GONPs. FITC interaction with GONPs led to a decrease in the fluorescence due to the resonance energy transfer and quantified the reappeared fluorescence of the FITC by glycopolymer co-functionalization with FITC-GONPs depending on the nature of pendant moieties and their respective concentrations. The binding of glycopolymers on GONPs was analyzed by Raman and UV-vis spectroscopic techniques. Glycopolymer chains with mannose pendant moieties exhibited the strongest binding affinity toward GONPs compared to the glycopolymer chains having galactose/glucose pendants.
- Published
- 2020
125. Carrying system formula for eugenol encapsulation: glycodendritic polyamine dextran-G2.5, synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity
- Author
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Cemile Özdemir Dinç, Celile Demirbilek Bucak, and Cemil Kürekci
- Subjects
Tris ,Polymers and Plastics ,Glycopolymer ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Hydrazide ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dextran ,chemistry ,Dendrimer ,Materials Chemistry ,Amine gas treating ,0210 nano-technology ,Antibacterial activity ,Polyamine ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
A novel 2.5th-generation glycodendritic polyamine dextran with 96 arms (DPADx) was synthesized by the divergent method. 2.5th-generation dendrimer was obtained from the successive triplicate Michael addition with two amidation reactions using 0.5th-generation tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA-G0.5) as the initiator core. 2.5th-generation polyamine hydrazide (PAH) was obtained from hydrazine monohydrate. Finally, dextran was conjugated with PAH and so DPADx was obtained. FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, elemental analysis, GPC, XRD, SEM, TGA, DSC and dynamic viscosity were used for structural analysis of products. Loading efficiency, capacity and yield (%) of eugenol-encapsulated glycodendrimer were calculated as 70%, 84% and 35%, respectively; by using UV–Vis analysis results, antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus cesseliflour) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium) bacteria was proven. The current study demonstrated the usability of the novel dendritic glycopolymer as an innovative and environmentally friendly way to encapsulate and shuttle of EOs without altering sensory characteristics and the functionality of these molecules. Therefore, its commercial application is possible in a variety of fields, such as pharmaceutic and cosmetic industries.
- Published
- 2020
126. Galactose-functionalized GlycoAuNR as a photothermal conversion complex: Its binding to lectin RCA120 and hepatoma-targeting therapy
- Author
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Shen Fawei, Zheng Yongli, Jing Quan, Hua Wu, Cai Hao, Zhang Yina, and Shao Dongjie
- Subjects
biology ,Targeting therapy ,Glycopolymer ,0206 medical engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Lectin ,Nanoparticle ,02 engineering and technology ,Photothermal therapy ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Methacrylate ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Galactose ,biology.protein ,Nanorod ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Glycopolymer-grafted gold nanorods (GlycoAuNRs) were designed and fabricated as a heptoma-targeting phototherapy nanoparticles. The block glycopolymer, poly (diethyleneglycol methacrylate)-block-po...
- Published
- 2020
127. Enzymatic Synthesis of 2-(β-Galactosyl)-ethyl Methacrylate by β-Galactosidase from Pyrococcus woesei and Application for Glycopolymer Synthesis and Lectin Studies
- Author
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Susanne Braun, Lothar Elling, Elisabeth Gau, Marius Hoffmann, Andrij Pich, Biobased Materials, RS: FSE Biobased Materials, RS: FSE AMIBM, AMIBM, Sciences, and RS: FSE Sciences
- Subjects
Glycan ,Polymers and Plastics ,Stereochemistry ,Glycopolymer ,Bioengineering ,TOXIN ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Methacrylate ,01 natural sciences ,Pyrococcus woesei ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,WELL-DEFINED GLYCOPOLYMERS ,GLUCOSIDASE ,BINDING ,Materials Chemistry ,Glycoside hydrolase ,CHEMOENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS ,RICINUS-COMMUNIS AGGLUTININ ,biology ,Lectin ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,COPOLYMERS ,0104 chemical sciences ,POLYMERIZATION ,Monomer ,chemistry ,ESCHERICHIA-COLI ,Galactose ,biology.protein ,0210 nano-technology ,CATALYZED SYNTHESIS - Abstract
Glycosidases have long been used for the synthesis of glycosides by transglycosylation reactions. Especially glycosidases from hyperthermophilic bacteria are useful for reactions under extreme reaction conditions, e.g., in the presence of organic solvents. We herein report the facile enzymatic synthesis and purification of 2-(beta-galactosyl)-ethyl methacrylate (Gal-EMA) with the recombinant hyperthermostable glycosidase from Pyrococcus woesei in high yields. Optimized reaction conditions resulted in gram-scale synthesis of the galactosylated monomer with 88% transglycosylation yield. The product Gal-EMA was characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Gal-EMA was utilized to synthesize sugar-functionalized acrylate polymers with defined amounts of incorporated galactose (0-100%). Analysis of the binding affinity of the lectin RCA(120) from Ricinus communis to the glycopolymers using an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) revealed K-D values between 0.24 and 6.2 nM, depending on the amount of incorporated Gal-EMA. The potential of Gal-EMA for the synthesis of acrylate-functionalized glycan oligomers was demonstrated by sequential elongation of the terminal galactose by two glycosyltransferases, resulting in the terminal glycan N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) epitope. In conclusion, the enzymatic synthesis of Gal-EMA opens new routes to a series of novel monomeric building blocks for the synthesis of glycan-functionalized polyacrylates.
- Published
- 2020
128. Probing the glycopolymer–ion interaction via specific ion effects
- Author
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Aotian Zhang, Die Li, Xiancheng Meng, and Qiang Zhang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Aqueous solution ,Polymers and Plastics ,Hofmeister series ,Chemistry ,Glycopolymer ,Organic Chemistry ,Ionic bonding ,Bioengineering ,Polymer ,Biochemistry ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Ion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,PEG ratio ,Ethylene glycol - Abstract
Ions are known to play vital roles in the specific recognition between glycopolymers and lectins; however, it is challenging to characterize such interactions. Herein, specific ion effects are used to probe the interactions between glycopolymers and ions. The effects of different anions and cations on the cloud points of thermoresponsive glycopolymers were investigated. Specific ion effects were found to be pronounced even under low salt concentrations for nonlinear poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) analogues. The anion's order of the salting-in to salting-out effect for nonlinear PEG analogues was in coincidence with the traditional Hofmeister series. However, due to the presence of high-polarity hydroxyl groups from saccharides, unexpected salting-in effects were observed for the glycopolymers under relatively low concentrations of anions. Both salting-in and salting-out effects could be observed when the glycopolymer was solubilized in aqueous solutions containing low- or high-concentration heavy metal salts. The direct binding of ions to the saccharide units could significantly change the polymers’ hydrophilicity and cloud points, which highlighted the importance of hydroxyl groups in the ionic effects of polymers. The specific ion effect of thermoresponsive glycopolymers could act as a facile tool to study the interactions between saccharides and ions.
- Published
- 2020
129. End-functionalised glycopolymers as glycosaminoglycan mimetics inhibit HeLa cell proliferation
- Author
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Fei Fan, Yifan Chen, Ming Liu, Meng Shao, Lei Gao, Chao Cai, Yubing Han, Jianghua Li, Guangli Yu, Chendong Yang, Lihao Wang, and Robert J. Linhardt
- Subjects
Polymers and Plastics ,biology ,Cell growth ,Glycopolymer ,Organic Chemistry ,Cell ,Bioengineering ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Cell biology ,Glycosaminoglycan ,HeLa ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Galactosamine ,Extracellular ,medicine ,Heparanase - Abstract
The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on cell surfaces play significant roles during cancer development, and the heparanase activity is strongly implicated in the structural remodeling of the extracellular GAG matrix, potentially leading to tumour cell invasion. Polymer–protein/peptide conjugates are one of the most promising approaches for anticancer therapy due to their controllability, biocompatibility, and targeting properties. In this study, distinct and well-defined glycopolymer–peptide conjugates, mimicking the multivalent architecture found in GAGs, were synthesised for targeting and killing tumour cells. Regio-selectively sulphated galactosamine derivatives were chemically synthesised, and six GAGs-mimetic glycopolymers were generated by post-modification based on the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The glycopolymers with diverse galactosamine sulphation patterns showed significant inhibitory effects on heparanase. Glycopolymers decorated with 3,4,6-O-sulphated GalNAc exhibited the highest activities, inhibiting heparanase as well as tumour cell proliferation. We demonstrated that a novel glycopeptide mimetic, derived from end-functionalised conjugation of the iRGD peptide on the glycopolymer, could effectively enter HeLa cells and inhibit signalling pathways involved in tumour cell proliferation. These findings should promote the development of novel glycomimetics for specific tumour-targeted therapies.
- Published
- 2020
130. General Utilization of Fluorescent Polyisoprenoids with Sugar Selective Phosphoglycosyltransferases
- Author
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Beth A. Scarbrough, Jerry M. Troutman, Colleen R. Eade, Tiffany C. Williams, Amanda J. Reid, and Claire E. Gates
- Subjects
Glycan ,Glycopolymer ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Polyprenols ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bacterial Proteins ,Polyisoprenyl Phosphates ,Escherichia coli ,medicine ,Cloning, Molecular ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Salmonella enterica ,biology.organism_classification ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Enzyme promiscuity ,Sugars ,Molecular probe ,Bacteria - Abstract
The protective surfaces of bacteria are comprised of polysaccharides and are involved in host invasion and colonization, host immune system evasion, as well as antibacterial resistance. A major barrier to our fundamental understanding of these complex surface polysaccharides lies in the tremendous diversity in glycan composition among bacterial species. The polyisoprenoid bactoprenyl phosphate (or undecaprenyl phosphate) is an essential lipid carrier necessary for early stages of glycopolymer assembly. Because of the ubiquity of bactoprenyl phosphate in these critical processes, molecular probes appended to this lipid carrier simplify identification of enzymatic roles during polysaccharide bioassembly. A limited number of these probes exist in the literature or have been assessed with such pathways, and the limits of their use are not currently known. Herein, we devise an efficient method for producing fluorescently modified bactoprenyl probes. We further expand our previous efforts utilizing 2-nitrileaniline, and additionally prepare nitrobenzoxadizol tagged bactoprenyl phosphate for the first time. We then assess enzyme promiscuity of these two probes utilizing four well characterized initiating phosphoglycosyltransferases: CPS2E (Streptococcus pneumoniae), WbaP (Salmonella enterica), WecA (Escherichia coli) and WecP (Aeromonas hydrophilia). Both probes serve as substrates for these enzymes and could be readily used to investigate a wide range of bacterial glycoassembly pathways. Interestingly, we have also identified unique solubility requirements for the nitrobenzoxadizol moiety for efficient enzymatic utilization that was not observed for the 2-nitrileaniline.
- Published
- 2019
131. A novel fluorescent glycopolymer for endogenous hydrogen peroxide imaging in living cells in a fully aqueous environment
- Author
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Ye Zhang, Libin Bai, Yuangong Zhang, Yongqiang Cheng, Hailei Zhang, Feng Liu, and Xinwu Ba
- Subjects
010407 polymers ,Aqueous solution ,Polymers and Plastics ,Glycopolymer ,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Fluorescence ,0104 chemical sciences ,Gel permeation chromatography ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrolysis ,Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy ,chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Boronic acid - Abstract
The development of H2O2-responsive fluorescent glycopolymers with high specificity, sensitivity, and water solubility is a promising strategy for developing probes to detect the production and delivery of endogenous H2O2. Herein, two series of fluorescent glycopolymers (boronic acid derivatives, PG-PFE, and borate derivatives, PG-PFW) were synthesized through esterification and the Williamson reaction, respectively. To increase the sensitivity of the fluorescent glycopolymers, the effect of the reaction conditions on the grafting ratio was investigated in detail. Compared with the PG-PFE samples, the PG-PFW samples had a higher grafting ratio due to the highly efficient Williamson reaction. The structure and properties of the fluorescent glycopolymers were characterized by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and photoluminescent spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that all of these fluorescent glycopolymers had good water solubility, low cytotoxicity, and selective responsiveness toward H2O2. HPG-PFW-5, with the highest grafting ratio, displayed a higher sensitivity toward H2O2 and higher stability during hydrolysis than the other materials. In confocal laser scanning microscope images, all of the fluorescent glycopolymers were observed only in cellular mitochondria, and HPG-PFW-5 exhibited a high degree of overlap with Mitotracker Red because of its high sensitivity. Two series of fluorescent glycopolymers (boronic acid derivatives, PG-PFE, and borate derivatives, PG-PFW) were synthesized through different methods. Compared with the PG-PFE samples, the PG-PFW samples had a higher grafting ratio due to the highly efficient Williamson reaction. The fluorescent glycopolymers possessed good water solubility, low cytotoxicity and selective responsiveness toward H2O2. Meantime, the fluorescent glycopolymers were imaged only in cellular mitochondria based on the fact that endogenous H2O2 is mainly distributed in cellular mitochondria.
- Published
- 2019
132. Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials
- Author
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Wanda Celentano, Stefania Ordanini, Anna Bernardi, and Francesco Cellesi
- Subjects
Glycopolymer ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanoparticle ,ring-opening polymerization (rop) ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Technology ,Full Research Paper ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,glycopolymer ,Copolymer ,Nanotechnology ,General Materials Science ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,atom transfer radical polymerization (atrp) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,lcsh:Science ,biology ,poly(ethylene glycol) ,lcsh:T ,Ligand binding assay ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Combinatorial chemistry ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,0104 chemical sciences ,Nanoscience ,chemistry ,Concanavalin A ,biology.protein ,lectin ,lcsh:Q ,atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) ,poly(ε-caprolactone) ,ring-opening polymerization (ROP) ,0210 nano-technology ,Ethylene glycol ,Caprolactone ,lcsh:Physics ,Macromolecule - Abstract
A class of linear and four-arm mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) is presented here. The synthesis through ring-opening and atom transfer radical polymerizations provided high control over molecular weight and functionality. A post-polymerization azide–alkyne cycloaddition allowed for the formation of glycopolymers with different mannose valencies (1, 2, 4, and 8). In aqueous media, these macromolecules formed nanoparticles that were able to bind lectins, as investigated by concanavalin A binding assay. The results indicate that carbohydrate–lectin interactions can be tuned by the macromolecular architecture and functionality, hence the importance of these macromolecular properties in the design of targeted anti-pathogenic nanomaterials.
- Published
- 2019
133. Detection of ligand binding to glycopolymers using saturation transfer difference NMR
- Author
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Janet Muzulu and Amit Basu
- Subjects
Indole test ,Binding Sites ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Molecular Structure ,Polymers ,Glycopolymer ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,Molecular Dynamics Simulation ,Ligands ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Boronic Acids ,Epitope ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Molecular dynamics ,Epitope mapping ,chemistry ,Molecule ,Glycosides ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Binding site - Abstract
We report the use of saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy to observe the interaction of various phenylboronic acids (PBAs) with synthetic glycopolymers presenting galactose and glucose. After optimizing experimental parameters to maximize spin diffusion within the glycopolymers, STD NMR experiments were successfully used to detect binding of PBAs to the polymers. Amplification factor build-up curves in conjunction with differential epitope mapping experiments were used to generate an epitope map for the bound boronic acids. STD NMR was also used to detect the interaction between indole and a galactosylated glycopolymer, providing an indole-based view of this CH-π interaction, a common binding motif in carbohydrate recognition.
- Published
- 2021
134. Synthesis and biomedical applications of mucin mimic materials.
- Author
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Kohout, Victoria R., Wardzala, Casia L., and Kramer, Jessica R.
- Subjects
- *
MUCINS , *MOLECULAR weights , *CELL membranes , *GLYCOPEPTIDES , *GLYCOPROTEINS - Abstract
[Display omitted] Mucin glycoproteins are the major component of mucus and coat epithelial cell surfaces forming the glycocalyx. The glycocalyx and mucus are involved in the transport of nutrients, drugs, gases, and pathogens toward the cell surface. Mucins are also involved in diverse diseases such as cystic fibrosis and cancer. Due to inherent heterogeneity in native mucin structure, many synthetic materials have been designed to probe mucin chemistry, biology, and physics. Such materials include various glycopolymers, low molecular weight glycopeptides, glycopolypeptides, polysaccharides, and polysaccharide-protein conjugates. This review highlights advances in the area of design and synthesis of mucin mimic materials, and their biomedical applications in glycan binding, epithelial models of infection, therapeutic delivery, vaccine formulation, and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
135. Preparation and applications of artificial mucins in biomedicine.
- Author
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Detwiler, Rachel E. and Kramer, Jessica R.
- Subjects
- *
MUCINS , *MUCUS , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *GLYCOCALYX , *DISEASE progression , *GLYCOLIPIDS , *GLYCOCONJUGATES - Abstract
• Mucins are the major component of mucus, which hydrates and protects tissues. • Mucins are involved in lubrication, cancer, infection, and reproduction. • Artificial mucins have application in vaccines, lubricants, and anti-infectives. • This review summarizes design, preparation and application of artificial mucins. Mucus is an essential barrier material that separates organisms from the outside world. This slippery material regulates the transport of nutrients, drugs, gases, and pathogens toward the cell surface. The surface of the cell itself is coated in a mucus-like barrier of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Mucin glycoproteins are the primary component of mucus and the epithelial glycocalyx. Aberrant mucin production is implicated in diverse disease states from cancer and inflammation to pre-term birth and infection. Biological mucins are inherently heterogenous in structure, which has challenged understanding their molecular functions as a barrier and as biochemically active proteins. Therefore, many synthetic materials have been developed as artificial mucins with precisely tunable structures. This review highlights advances in design and synthesis of artificial mucins and their application in biomedical studies of mucin chemistry, biology, and physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
136. Design and synthesis of glycopolymers for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
- Author
-
Prabhakar Shelake, Sandip, Sk, Saddam, Namdev Sutar, Dattatray, Pal, Ujjwal, and Sesha Sainath, Annadanam V.
- Subjects
- *
MALTOSE , *DIBLOCK copolymers , *MOLECULAR weights , *INTERSTITIAL hydrogen generation , *VISIBLE spectra , *ELECTRON donors , *QUANTUM efficiency - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Saccharide-based methacrylate glycopolymers and copolymers with 9-vinylcarbazole segments were synthesized and characterized. • Hierarchical porous TiO 2 (HPT) photocatalyst was prepared and characterized. • Saccharide-based polymers were used as SEDs along with HPT in photoreforming hydrogen evolution. • PNVK- b -PMDG/HPT/Pt under visible light exhibited an H 2 evolution rate of ∼881 μmol g−1 h−1 with AQY of ∼2.15 %. Saccharide-based homopolymers (PMDG and PMDM) and diblock copolymers with 9-vinylcarbazole (PNVK- b -PMDG and PNVK- b -PMDM) were synthesized by deacetylation of RAFT-generated corresponding acetyl-glucopyranoside and acetyl-maltose polymer segments. Synthesized polymers chemical structures were authenticated by spectroscopic methods. SEC investigational values of the polymers' weight average molecular weights (M w) were obtained in the orbit of 1849–11166 g/mol with 1.14–1.57 range polydispersity (Ð). The acetylated di-block copolymers exhibited higher thermal stability (T d5% : 265–274 °C) than the corresponding homopolymers (T d5% : 259–261 °C). The acetylated di-block copolymers showed higher T g values (54–67 °C) than the corresponding deacetylated polymers (52 °C). The glycopolymers with hierarchical porous TiO 2 (HPT) semiconductor photocatalyst exhibited relatively long lived charge carriers for efficient photon harvesting and enabling them to efficiently drive sacrificial H 2 generation in aqueous NaOH under visible light. The hydrogen production rate gradually increased from 109 μmol g−1 h−1 to 881 μmol g−1 h−1 when the NaOH concentration was boosted from 1 M to 10 M using PNVK- b -PMDG as a sacrificial electron donor with HPT and platinum. The glucose-based PNVK- b -PMDG diblock copolymer exhibited higher hydrogen production of 881 μmol g−1 h−1 with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) of ∼ 2.15 % than the di-block from maltose (PNVK- b -PMDM) [730 μmol g−1 h−1, AQY: ∼1.78 %] in the presence of alkaline condition (aqueous NaOH, pH = 10). The pendant carbazole moieties of the diblock copolymers improved the efficiency of photocatalytic H 2 production by facilitating interaction of free –OH groups of the glycopolymer segment with the HPT which provide significant increase in the reduction potential and decrease of the charge recombination. This work could lead to a more efficient photoreforming path of novel glycopolymer to harvest renewable H 2 energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
137. Valency and density matter: Deciphering impacts of immunogen structures on immune responses against a tumor associated carbohydrate antigen using synthetic glycopolymers.
- Author
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Qin, Qian, Yin, Zhaojun, Wu, Xuanjun, Haas, Karen M., and Huang, Xuefei
- Subjects
- *
IMMUNE response , *CA 19-9 test , *GLYCOSIDES , *ANTIBODY formation , *B cells , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
For successful carbohydrate based anti-cancer vaccines, it is critical that B cells are activated to secret antibodies targeting the tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs). Despite the availability of many TACA based constructs, systematic understanding of the effects of structural features on anti-glycan antibody responses is lacking. In this study, a series of defined synthetic glyco-polymers bearing a representative TACA, i.e., the Thomsen-nouveau (Tn) antigen, have been prepared to probe the induction of early B cell activation and antibody production via a T cell independent mechanism. Valency and density of the antigen in the polymers turned out to be critical. An average of greater than 6 Tn per chain was needed to induce antibody production. Glycopolymers with 40 antigens per chain and backbone molecular weight of 450 kDa gave the strongest stimulation to B cells in vitro , which correlated well with its in vivo activity. Deviations from the desired valency and density led to decreased antibody production or even antigen specific B cell non-responsiveness. These findings provide important insights on how to modulate anti-TACA immune responses facilitating the development of TACA based anti-cancer vaccines using glycopolymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
138. Synthesis, characterization and fluorescent properties of water-soluble glycopolymer bearing curcumin pendant residues.
- Author
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Zhang, Hailei, Bai, Libin, Wu, Yonggang, Wang, Sujuan, Ba, Xinwu, Zhang, Haisong, and Yu, Meng
- Subjects
- *
CURCUMIN , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *POLYMERIZATION research - Abstract
Curcumin is a potential natural anticancer drug with low oral bioavailability because of poor water solubility. The aqueous solubility of curcumin is enhanced by means of modification with the carbohydrate units. Polymerization of the curcumin-containing monomer with carbohydrate-containing monomer gives the water-soluble glycopolymer bearing curcumin pendant residues. The obtained copolymers (P1andP2) having desirable water solubility were well-characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The copolymerP2with a molar ratio of 1:6 (curcumin/carbohydrate) calculated from the proton NMR results exhibits a similar anticancer activity compared to original curcumin, which may serve as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in the field of anticancer medicine. The prepared glycopolymer (P2) bearing curcumin residues exhibit a similar anticancer activity to original curcumin. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
139. Synthesis and characterization of curcumin-incorporated glycopolymers with enhanced water solubility and reduced cytotoxicity.
- Author
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Zhang, Haisong, Ren, Tianci, Yu, Meng, Zhang, Hailei, Bai, Libin, Wu, Yonggang, Wang, Sujuan, and Ba, Xinwu
- Abstract
Curcumin is the physiologically and pharmacologically active component of turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.) with attractive fluorescent property. However, the applications in live cell imaging field are restricted mainly due to the water-insolubility and cytotoxicity. To overcome this problem, curcumin-incorporated glycopolymers are synthesized by free radical copolymerization in this study. The glycopolymers are well-characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, obtained glycopolymers are assayed by MTT assay and cell imaging for supporting the potential bio application. The MTT result indicates that the introduction of carbohydrate units can reduce the cytotoxicity of curcumin unit. The live cell imaging investigations reveal that the curcuminincorporated glycopolymers are good candidates for cell imaging and may find broad applications in biological areas such as biological diagnosis, imaging, and detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
140. Glycopolymeric gel stabilized N-succinyl chitosan beads for controlled doxorubicin delivery.
- Author
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Ajish, Juby K., Ajish Kumar, K.S., Chattopadhyay, S., and Kumar, Manmohan
- Subjects
- *
COPOLYMERS , *POLYMER colloids , *STABILIZING agents , *CHITOSAN , *DOXORUBICIN , *DRUG delivery systems , *CHEMICAL synthesis , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents - Abstract
Here we report the synthesis and study of N -succinyl chitosan based hydrogel beads, stabilized with glycopolymeric network (NSC/Glc-gel) for application in anticancer drug delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). The bio-recognition of lectins by NSC/Glc-gel bead was also studied by UV–vis spectrophotometry. The beads were characterized using FT-IR, SEM and Thermogravimetric analysis. The extent of DOX loading was proportional to the degree of succinylation and the swelling kinetics of the beads showed pH dependency. The beads exhibited sustained release of DOX over a period of more than 15 days in an acidic pH, mimicking the microenvironment of tumor cells, and even lesser release at physiological pH. Release exponent ‘ n ’ derived from Korsmeyer–Peppas model implied that NSC88/Glc-gel (88% succinylation of chitosan) beads followed fickian diffusion controlled release mechanism whereas NSC75/Glc-gel (75% succinylation of chitosan) beads follow zero order release profile. The synthesized beads also displayed specificity to lectin Concanavalin A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
141. Immobilized glycopolymers: Synthesis, methods and applications.
- Author
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von der Ehe, Christian, Weber, Christine, Gottschaldt, Michael, and Schubert, Ulrich S.
- Subjects
- *
POLYMERS , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *ENCAPSULATION (Catalysis) , *LECTINS - Abstract
Glycopolymers have been in the focus of intensive research due to their ability to mimic biological functions in recognition processes by interaction with carbohydrate binding proteins, so called lectins. For the same reason, the synthesis of glycosylated surfaces has evolved as a versatile route toward bioresponsive systems which can be used in protein chromatography. Also the detection of pathogens represents an application field of such glycosurfaces. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the different ways glycopolymers can be immobilized onto solid supports, thereby only covering the immobilization of synthetic glycopolymers. The emphasis was put on the chemical strategy for the immobilization step, although the synthesis of the glycopolymers is also explained, as well as selected analysis and application aspects of the resulting glycosylated surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
142. Phenylboronic acid as a glucose-responsive trigger to tune the insulin release of glycopolymer nanoparticles.
- Author
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Chai, Zhihua, Ma, Liya, Wang, Yanxia, and Ren, Xuejun
- Subjects
- *
INSULIN research , *ELECTRON microscopy , *GLUCOSE synthesis , *NANOPARTICLES , *DIAGNOSIS of diabetes - Abstract
An amphiphilic glycopolymer, poly(D-gluconamidoethyl methacrylate -r-3-methacrylamido phenylboronic acid), which could self-assemble to form nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution, was synthesized. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the nanoparticles were spherical in shape with diameters of about 120 nm. The phenylboronic acid rendered the glycopolymer nanoparticles glucose sensitive, which was evident from swelling behavior of the nanoparticles at different glucose concentrations and was found to be dependent on the glucose level. Insulin was efficiently encapsulated within the nanoparticles (up to 15%), and the release of insulin increased with an increase in the level of glucose in the medium. Cell viability tests proved that the glycopolymer nanoparticles had good cytocompatibility, due to which the glycopolymers have the potential to be used in biomedical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
143. 保護基フリー合成による糖鎖高分子の新展開.
- Author
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田中 知成
- Abstract
Copyright of Kobunshi Ronbunshu is the property of Society of Polymer Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
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144. Surface Property Modification of Silver Nanoparticles with Dopamine-Functionalized Poly(pentafluorostyrene) via RAFT Polymerization.
- Author
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Ka Wai Fan and Granville, Anthony Michael
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- *
POLYMERIC composites , *STYRENE derivatives , *DOPAMINE , *SILVER nanoparticles , *SURFACE properties , *HYDROPHILIC interactions , *PYRROLE derivatives , *POLYMERIZATION - Abstract
This research aims to synthesize a dopamine-functionalized macromolecular anchor to perform surface modification on the target nanostructures. A molecular anchor, 3,4-dichloro-1-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, was successfully synthesized from dopamine and 2,3-dichloromaleic anhydride. The anchor acted as a linkage to couple the chains of poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PPFS) which were synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Modification was successfully performed to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by deposition of the dopamine-functionalized coupled PPFS onto the surface of the particles. The modified AgNPs had demonstrated improved dispersibility in organic solvent due to the hydrophobic nature of PPFS. To modify the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles further, thioglucose was grafted onto the structure of the coupled PPFS via thiol-fluoro nucleophilic substitution at the para-position of the pentafluorophenyl groups on the monomer units. The presence of sugar moieties on the coupled PPFS increased its hydrophilicity, which allowed the modified AgNPs to be readily dispersed in aqueous solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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145. C6-Modifications on chitosan to develop chitosan-based glycopolymers and their lectin-affinities with sigmoidal binding profiles.
- Author
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Koshiji, Kazuhiro, Nonaka, Yuki, Iwamura, Maho, Dai, Fumiko, Matsuoka, Ryoji, and Hasegawa, Teruaki
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- *
CARBON isotopes , *CHITOSAN , *COPOLYMERS , *CHEMICAL affinity , *BINDING sites , *LECTINS - Abstract
Chitosan-based glycopolymers having multiple β-lactosides exclusively at their C6-positions were successfully synthesized from partially deacetylated chitin through perfect N -deacetylation/phthaloylation and C6-selective bromination/azidation to afford 6-azide-6-deoxy- N -phthaloyl-chitosan and the subsequent Cu + -catalyzed Huisgen cycloadditions using alkyne-terminated β-lactoside and/or quaternary ammonium modules followed by dephthaloylations. Lectin-affinities of the resultant chitosan-based glycopolymers were assessed through fluorescence titration assays to show their unique sigmoidal binding profiles with amplified binding constants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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146. Synthesis of PEO-based di-block glycopolymers at various pendant spacer lengths of glucose moiety and their in-vitro biocompatibility with MC3T3 osteoblast cells.
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Trinadh, Mummuluri, Govindaraj, Kannan, Santosh, Vundadi, Dhayal, Marshal, and Sainath, Annadanam V. Sesha
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- *
COPOLYMERIZATION , *BLOCK copolymers , *DEACETYLATION , *POLYETHYLENE oxide , *BIOCOMPATIBILITY , *OSTEOBLASTS , *GLUCOPYRANOSIDE , *CHAIN transfer (Chemistry) - Abstract
Di-block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and glycopolymers at three different pendant spacer lengths of glucose moiety were synthesized by deacetylation of pendant moieties of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-d-glucopyranosides which were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) process. The water soluble deacetylated copolymers, PEO-b-poly(acryl-d-glucopyranoside) (PEO-b-PAG,2a), PEO-b-poly[4′-(acryloxy)butyl-d-glucopyranoside] (PEO-b-PABG,2b), and PEO-b-poly[6′-(acryloxy)hexyl-d-glucopyranoside] (PEO-b-PAHG,2c) were characterized in comparison with acetylated copolymers by spectroscopic and gel permeation chromatography methods. In order to assess the biocompatibility of these three di-block copolymers, the adhesion (%), viability (%), and proliferation assays were carried out in MC3T3 cellsin-vitroat different concentrations from 10 nM to 1000 μM. Qualitative analysis of cell cytoskeletal organization was obtained by immunostaining with talin and integrinα5. It was clearly indicative of well spreading of cells in the presence of all glycopolymers at lower concentrations but with an increase in the concentration (10 and 100 μM) showed significant change in the cell surface morphologies, despite having good cell adhesion and viability as compared to the control conditions. The use of di-block glycolpolymers at ≤ 100 μM of the concentration showed very good osteoblast cells adhesion and viability response; however at higher concentrations (1000 μM) of glycopolymers > 80% of cells lost their viability. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
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147. Facile fabrication of P(OVNG-co-NVCL) thermoresponsive double-hydrophilic glycopolymer nanofibers for sustained drug release.
- Author
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Xu, Mu-Ru, Shi, Meng, Bremner, David H., Sun, Kan, Nie, Hua-Li, Quan, Jing, and Zhu, Li-Min
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- *
THERMORESPONSIVE polymers , *FABRICATION (Manufacturing) , *COPOLYMERS , *NANOFIBERS , *CONTROLLED release drugs , *GALACTOSE - Abstract
The thermoresponsive double-hydrophilic glycopolymer (DHG), Poly (6- O -vinyl-nonanedioyl- d -galactose- co - N -vinylcaprolactam) (P(OVNG- co -NVCL)) was synthesized via a chemo-enzymatic process and a free radical copolymerization and the resulting nanofibers were fabricated using an electrospinning process. The desired lower critical solution temperature (LCST) between 32 and 40 °C of the DHG polymers was achieved by adjusting the molar fraction of galactose monomer in the copolymers during the synthesis. The thermoresponsive DHG polymers were found to have good cytocompatibility with Hela cells as determined by the MTT assay, and special recognition of the protein peanut agglutinin (PNA). The drug release properties of these newly designed thermoresponsive DHG P(OVNG- co -NVCL) nanofibers are temperature regulated, can target specific proteins and have the potential application in the field of sustained drug release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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148. Glycopolymer modified magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles for MR imaging and targeted drug delivery.
- Author
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An, Jinxia, Zhang, Xinge, Guo, Qianqian, Zhao, Yu, Wu, Zhongming, and Li, Chaoxing
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MAGNETIC nanoparticles , *MESOPOROUS silica , *POLYMERS , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *DRUG delivery systems , *TARGETED drug delivery , *CANCER treatment - Abstract
It is a challenge for cancer therapy to develop efficient and safe transport vehicles. In the current study, glycopolymer modified magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles were designed to improve drug bioavailability and anticancer efficacy. The nanoparticles enhanced intracellular uptake by virtue of multivalent binding to glycoprotein receptor over-expressed on the surface of liver cancer cells. Moreover, size of the nanoparticles was adjustable by changing the amount of TEOS and/or galactose monomer. The nanoparticles can be manipulated by an external magnetic field and used for T 2 -weighted contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging due to the high saturation magnetization (1.5 emu/g). Importantly, the novel nanoparticles had a high loading ability of drug (11.9%), and were taken up by HepG2 cells (10.5%), which was nearly three times more than NIH3T3 cells. Competition inhibition assay further confirmed that the glycopolymer conjugated nanoparticles could target cancer cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Hence, the well-defined nanoparticles exhibited great potential in MR imaging and targeted drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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149. First multi-reactive dextran-based inisurf for atom transfer radical polymerization in miniemulsion.
- Author
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Wu, Man, Forero Ramirez, Laura M., Rodriguez Lozano, Ana, Quémener, Damien, Babin, Jérôme, Durand, Alain., Marie, Emmanuelle, Six, Jean-Luc, and Nouvel, Cécile
- Subjects
- *
DEXTRAN , *NANOPARTICLES , *ATOM transfer reactions , *EMULSIONS , *ACRYLATES , *GRAFT copolymers , *OIL-water interfaces , *SURFACE active agents - Abstract
A multi-reactive polysaccharide-based inisurf (acting both as initiator and stabilizer) has been designed for the first time from dextran with the aim of preparing dextran-covered nanoparticles with covalent linkage between core and coverage. This inisurf was used for polymerizing butyl acrylate in miniemulsion by AGET–ATRP. Both hydrophobic phenoxy groups and initiator groups (bromoisobutyryl ester) were introduced within hydrophilic dextran chain, conferring it amphiphilic and macroinitiator characters. Amphiphilic properties of dextran inisurfs have been evidenced as well as their ability to stabilize the direct miniemulsion of n -butyl acrylate. After optimization of polymerization conditions with model studies, assays were successfully realized with dextran-based inisurfs. Because of their amphiphilic character, inisurfs migrated at oil/water interface and initiated polymerization from bromoisobutyryl ester groups. Therefore graft copolymers were produced at oil/water interface, due to the multifunctional character of these inisurfs and constituted the particle inner core with covalent links to the dextran coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Synthetic Glycomacromolecules of Defined Valency, Absolute Configuration, and Topology Distinguish between Human Lectins
- Author
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Kathleen K. Chen, Manuel Hartweg, Gastón A. Primo, Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli, Alessandra Monaco, Cassie M. Jarvis, C. Remzi Becer, Laura L. Kiessling, Valentin P. Beyer, Somesh Mohapatra, Gokhan Yilmaz, Hung V.-T. Nguyen, Jeremiah A. Johnson, Yivan Jiang, and Simon Axelrod
- Subjects
Glycan ,biology ,Langerin ,discrete oligomers ,Drug discovery ,Chemistry ,Ligand ,mannose ,IEG ,stereochemistry ,Lectin ,Topology ,Monosaccharide binding ,Epitope ,Article ,glycopolymer ,precise polymer ,click chemistry ,biology.protein ,lectin ,QD1-999 ,Function (biology) - Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) play vital roles in cell recognition and signaling, including pathogen binding and innate immunity. Thus, targeting lectins, especially those on the surface of immune cells, could advance immunology and drug discovery. Lectins are typically oligomeric; therefore, many of the most potent ligands are multivalent. An effective strategy for lectin targeting is to display multiple copies of a single glycan epitope on a polymer backbone; however, a drawback to such multivalent ligands is they cannot distinguish between lectins that share monosaccharide binding selectivity (e.g., mannose-binding lectins) as they often lack molecular precision. Here, we describe the development of an iterative exponential growth (IEG) synthetic strategy that enables facile access to synthetic glycomacromolecules with precisely defined and tunable sizes up to 22.5 kDa, compositions, topologies, and absolute configurations. Twelve discrete mannosylated "glyco-IEGmers" are synthesized and screened for binding to a panel of mannoside-binding immune lectins (DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR, MBL, SP-D, langerin, dectin-2, mincle, and DEC-205). In many cases, the glyco-IEGmers had distinct length, stereochemistry, and topology-dependent lectin-binding preferences. To understand these differences, we used molecular dynamics and density functional theory simulations of octameric glyco-IEGmers, which revealed dramatic effects of glyco-IEGmer stereochemistry and topology on solution structure and reveal an interplay between conformational diversity and chiral recognition in selective lectin binding. Ligand function also could be controlled by chemical substitution: by tuning the side chains of glyco-IEGmers that bind DC-SIGN, we could alter their cellular trafficking through alteration of their aggregation state. These results highlight the power of precision synthetic oligomer/polymer synthesis for selective biological targeting, motivating the development of next-generation glycomacromolecules tailored for specific immunological or other therapeutic applications.
- Published
- 2021
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