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Micro-needling, also known as collagen induction therapy, is a process involving the repeated puncturing of the skin with tiny, sterilized needles. Carrying out precise, controlled wounding of the skin in this way, allows for controlled healing, which leads to skin rejuvenation and the treatment of a number of conditions through cell turnover and increased collagen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Traditionally, dermal fillers have been administered to the face using a hypodermic needle. However, injecting using cannulas has become increasingly popular over the past decade, due to the changing goals of treatment, aims to improve patient experience and attemting to prevent complications. Many dermal filler products are now sold packaged with both a needle and a cannula in order to give the practitioner the choice of injection tool. It is therefore essential that the aesthetic practitioner is well educated on the topic of how to select the best injection tool for a procedure. This article aims to asses why we have seen an increase in the use of cannulas in administering this procedure, with the hope of helping the aesthetic practitioner to make the best decision regarding injection tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of our #EthicsinAesthetics campaign, we are considering the enhancements we see in this sector and promoting the natural enhancement of patients' features, rather than drastically changing their appearance. In this article, Amy Miller and Meaghan Detterman consider the enhancement of the lips, and ask: when does the exquisite become excessive? It is said that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, and it is certainly true that there is no single definition of what 'beauty' is. Lip enhancement treatments continue to rise in popularity, and much of the time this procedure is able to naturally enhance the patient's own beauty and bring balance to the face. However, in the aesthetics sector, we sometimes see trends towards a 'false' appearance emerging, and many practitioners will receive requests from patients who are actively seeking an unnatural or 'false' look. This article explores the issue of dealing with a patient who is requesting unnatural augmentation of the lips, and provides some advice on how to deal with this difficult situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of our Ethics in Aesthetics campaign, we have been exploring the issue of training in aesthetics, and the impact that this has on patient safety. In this article, Tim Pearce discusses why training in this sector varies so widely, and what makes a training course adequate in preparing aesthetic practitioners to practise safely and effectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a serious problem on a personal, societal and global level. Some individuals are able to lose weight using diet and exercise alone, but others require additional intervention from healthcare professionals. Following her talk at ACE Conference, Sandy Green explores the issue of obesity and the private medical weight management services available, which can easily be incorporated into any aesthetic practice [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Needle phobia, or trypanophobia, can be a barrier for patients interested in certain aesthetic treatments. This article explores what causes a needle phobia, how it manifests and how it differs from a normal fear of pain. Ways of managing the condition, and the alternatives to needles will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. We describe a modification of Cutler-Beard's technique, using a contralateral tarsoconjunctival graft, in patients who underwent excision of large malignant tumors of the upper eyelid. Methods. This is an interventional retrospective review (clinical study) of ten cases, with age range from 64 to 86 years (mean: 71.2 years ± 6.49) with malignant upper eyelid tumors, operated by the same surgeon (AB-G), between 2011 and 2016. The resulting defects were reconstructed using a modification of Cutler-Beard's technique. A tarsoconjunctival graft was harvested from the contralateral upper eyelid, with an extra 3 mm of conjunctiva from the superior edge of tarsus and was attached to the upper eyelid defect, different from that previously described. Follow-up ranged between 24 and 60 months (mean: 41.6 ± 9.87). Functional, cosmetic outcomes and postoperative complications were evaluated. Results. No upper eyelid retraction, eyelid margin entropion, or graft retraction was observed in any of the cases. All of the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic result. Conclusion. This technique allows us to safely inset a suitable graft on the ocular surface, with sufficient blood supply, resulting in a stable margin and good contour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-invasive body contouring solutions can achieve patients' body ideals without the downtime and risks associated with traditional methods of fat reduction. In this article, Dr Ashish Dutta provides a summary of the types of treatment available, the duties of the healthcare professional, and aftercare requirements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Car drivers are generally exposed to direct sunlight during commuting hours, which may lead to irreversible skin damage; however, topographical analysis for different facial areas has not been reported. Methods: Facial areas were divided topographically into 11 areas based on esthetic units. We performed a preliminary study to identify the delivery pattern of solar energy on the face in the car during commuting time; subsequently, 15 drivers aged above 50 years were enrolled. Statistical evaluation was performed to investigate topographical differences between the left and right sides of the face and between sexes. Results: The left side of the face was different from the right side for L*, a*, and b* on the infraorbital area and L* and b* on the temporal area. Differences were found for L*, a*, or b* between sexes on the central and right face, but not on the left. The left side had more severe hyperpigmentation and wrinkles than the right on average. Conclusion: The left facial area, especially the infraorbital and temporal areas, of Korean automobile commuters was vulnerable to sun damage. Therefore, automobile drivers should care about these areas while driving to prevent long‐term effect from chronic solar damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermal fillers and botulinum toxin A are among the most popular skin rejuvenation treatments worldwide, and it is therefore understandable that many aesthetic practitioners choose to focus their attention on providing these treatments. However, there are several other options when it comes to rejuvenating the skin that are sometimes overlooked. In this article, Olivia Kunde explores some of these alternative approaches to skin rejuvenation, and explains why these treatments are an asset to an aesthetic practitioner's armamentarium [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beauty ideals have been known to evolve throughout history, and it is difficult to determine what beauty really is. Patients who present to clinic will invariably have different aesthetic goals, but is there a point at which enhancement actually does the patient a disservice? In this article, Tristan Mehta and Joshua Van Der Aa explore the issue of natural enhancement in aesthetic medicine [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a bid to keep afloat during the COVID-19 pandemic, aesthetic business owners turned away from in-clinic daily practice to consulting with patients through online means, such as Zoom. Tracey Dennison explores the implications of this and what the future may hold for the aesthetics sector [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr Paul Charlson explains the aims and motives of the Joint Council for Cosmetic Practitioners′ new group: the Clinical Advisory Group [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vikram Swaminathan and Paul Charlson detail the steps and requirements that aesthetic practitioners need to take to become a successful trainer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The Netherlands awoke with a shock to some highly publicized cases of clients suffering second-degree burns from inadequate use of laser technology for hair removal in the beauty salon. Aestheticians are increasingly offering risky and sometimes irreversible skin-enhancing treatments. Because of the complexity and hazards of the beauty profession and its proximity at times to the domain of health care, it merits attention from bioethicists. This article presents an overview of ethical issues arising within the everyday practice of the beauty salon, based on discussions with aestheticians and a survey, and reports on the development of the world's first national ethics guidelines for aestheticians. Key recommendations pertain to age limits, informed consent, confidentiality, tensions arising from aestheticians' dual role as care providers and entrepreneurs, and the management of incidental findings. This article directs scholarly effort at ethical issues in the beauty salon, and invites further discussion of a hitherto underserved field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beauty is a universal phenomenon and debate over what constitutes beauty particularly beauty to human body, has raged since philosophy began. The beauty of individual features depends on "ideal" proportions, and it is suggested that expressing beauty in terms of geometry is possible. Assessment of some used parameters in facial surgeries and harmony of various facial features are essential to surgeon, who requires facial analysis. One of these parameters, is nasolabial² angle, in patients undergoing rhinoplasty. This study based on theoretical definitions of beauty and proportions performed the search for the application of this numerical proportions in modern cosmetic surgery. Present study has selected 23 samples (16 (69.5%) female and 7 (30.5%) male) from patients who undergoing rhinoplasty, By a surgeon. The nasolabial angle was measured in these patients from their lateral profile photographs with adobe Photoshop cc, pre and post surgery. Ideal post operative angle was 111.54 ± 26.5 degrees from this study. 18.8° increase in male and 14.68° increase in female is seen. There was no significant difference between men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing body of evidence showing the benefit of some common cosmeceutical agents in the various pathogenic stages of acne. Sarah Boxley explains why an understanding of the roles of these products, the evidence to support their use, and their potential side effects, should enable practitioners to effectively and appropriately advise patients on their benefits and limitations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is becoming more technologically advanced on a daily basis, and the aesthetics sector is no exception. One of the most critical advancements over recent years is the increase in use of cutting-edge digital skin-imaging equipment to enhance analysis and provide bespoke patient treatment plans. Rekha Tailor looks at the benefits of using skin-imaging systems [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin peels have been used for many years to address visible signs of ageing and treat common dermatological conditions. Nikki Zanna discusses the role of aesthetic practitioners in the delivery of these treatments, outlines tried and tested ingredients, and introduces some of the newer components being used in modern peels. She also looks at the growing popularity of blended peels [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aesthetic practitioners play an important role in educating patients about skin health, and may offer the primary opportunity for patients to discuss this important issue. This article provides an understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of fine lines, and suggests ways to provide effective patient education to improve preventive care for fine lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring polysaccharide, is used in the production of dermal fillers for esthetic purposes. As it has a few days of half-life in human tissues, HA-based dermal filler is chemically modified to increase its lifetime in the body. The most common modification used in commercial HA-based filler is the cross-linking of HA chains using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) as cross-linking agent. Residual, or unreacted, BDDE is considered nontoxic when it is [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speech defects and facial appearance due to untreated cleft lip and/or palate in the elderly population have associated life-long impacts on the quality of life for these patients. Treatment and rehabilitation in this patient group can be extensive and the problems not easily corrected. We report the outcomes of surgical repair of cleft in a series of elderly patients with unrepaired cleft lip and/or palate.Our results confirm an improvement in speech, quality of life and aesthetic outcomes after surgical repair in these patients. With this in mind, we advise cleft teams to consider surgical repair of untreated cleft lip and/or palate in the elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this regular feature, aesthetic nurse Claudia McGloin presents a brief synopsis of a range of recently published articles on medical aesthetics. Research roundup aims to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary and critique, of the papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided at the end of each study summary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A new temperature-controlled device has been used as a percutaneous radio frequency probe to treat lax submental and other facial areas. It has significant advantages over other esthetic devices as it provides the dual benefit of fat lipolysis and skin tightening. Our goal here is to present consensus recommendations for treating the aging neck. Methods: A panel of 11 expert physicians convened in Dallas, Texas, on October 15, 2016 to arrive at a consensus on the best current practice for submental skin tightening and contour improvement. Prior to the meeting, a comprehensive review of the literature was performed and a survey was sent to esthetic dermatologists and plastic surgeons who were queried about various aspects of neck rejuvenation. Results: The literature search revealed 10 different technologies for neck rejuvenation evaluated in double-blind (n = 2) and single-blind (n = 1) clinical trials and other clinical evaluations (n = 21). The survey was sent via an email to 1248 individuals and was completed by 92 respondents. Review of the data and discussion by meeting attendees generated eight consensus recommendations. Discussion: Subdermal monopolar radio frequency represents an effective means for disrupting fat volume and skin tightening of the face, neck, and jawline. For suitable patients, this treatment can be used to achieve significant esthetic improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmetologists frequently develop occupational skin disease related to workplace exposures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an educational intervention to increase cosmetology students' occupational skin disease knowledge and use of preventive practices. A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate students' knowledge, behaviors, intentions, expectancies, and expectations. A 20-minute verbal presentation and printed two-page educational handout were provided for participants. Statistically significant increases in knowledge, frequency of glove use, and frequency of moisturizer use were found, but the frequency of handwashing did not increase. In addition, the Behavioral Strategies subscale, the Intention subscale, and the Expectancies subscale showed statistically significant improvements. The results of this study suggest an educational intervention can increase cosmetology students' knowledge of occupational skin diseases and their use of preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Facial skin pores ( FSP) are common and benign signs that generate frequent esthetic concerns or complaints. Despite their worldwide prevalence, related literature remains scarce. Hence, a new device has been developed and applied to validating studies, aiming at best describing FSP as they are self-perceived, i.e. their anatomic features, their possible alterations with age and their appearance after application of a make-up product. Methods Dermascore+® is an imaging device dedicated to a direct observation and acquisition of various characteristics of the skin surface. Images are captured under a high magnification and under different lighting configurations, to highlight the skin relief, based upon parallel polarized images. Dedicated software allows FSP to being detected and their morphological parameters to being extracted and computed. By measuring each detected FSP in a given region of interest, a statistically significant impact of both age and an applied cosmetic product upon their morphological features can be observed and quantified. Results Although the size and density of FSP are not affected by aging, their shape become s elongated. A few tested make up products show variable effects that closely correlate with visual assessments made by trained estheticians. Conclusion The shape of FSP present on cheeks shows age-related changes, toward a more elongated aspect, likely linked to a progressively altered (more isotropic) skin surface micro-relief. The new tool Dermascore+® allows foundations to being rapidly differentiated and screened according to their variable effects upon the visual appearance through instrumental, objective depiction of FSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The adipocytolytic non-surgical esthetic procedures are indicated for the reduction of localized fat and are effective in reducing local adiposity through the ablation of adipocytes with fast and lasting results, besides causing local inflammation. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the adipocytolytic procedures and correlate the phases of the inflammatory process with the results obtained from such procedures, in order to clarify the role of inflammation triggered by the adipocytolytic procedures and its relation with the lipolytic process, with a focus on body shaping. Methods: This work is an integrative literature review that presents a total of 72 articles published between 1998 and 2015, derived from the PubMed database, in order to establish a relationship between clinical and basic science research, assuming an important role in medical practice based on evidence. Results: The results show that the adipocytolytic procedures are characterized by triggering inflammation arising from the disruption of adipocytes by interfering with the lipolytic signaling pathways in both acute and chronic phases of inflammation through the direct action of proinflammatory cytokines or catecholamines. Therefore, inflammation plays an important role in modulating the lipolytic process, influencing body shaping. Conclusion: The inflammatory process assists the adipolytic process in all stages of inflammation, contributing to the reduction of body contouring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Point makeup perceptually affects overall facial color; for example, it takes on the tinge of the eye shadow color. This study preliminarily confirmed the assimilation effect by lipstick colors and the relationship between perceptual and esthetic measures. Four typical lipstick colors, red, pink, orange, and violet, were utilized. An averaged face varied based on two factors, lightness (lighter and darker) and hue (reddish and yellowish), was examined. Twenty-four females assessed the faces in terms of perceptual hue (redness for the reddish faces and yellowness for the yellowish faces), perceptual lightness, dullness, and looking-goodness via paired comparisons. Consequently, an assimilation effect of lipstick's hue on perceptual complexion was confirmed. However, a perceptual change in lightness could not be explained by assimilation or contrast; the redness of lipsticks enhanced the perceptual lightness of complexion. Dullness negatively correlated not only with perceptual lightness but also with perceptual redness of faces and physical redness of lipsticks. Looking-goodness clearly correlated with perceptual redness of faces and each lipstick color had its own effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few decades, aesthetic procedures and plastic surgery have been associated with delaying the ageing process. However, the rise of social media, alongside the 'Kardashian effect', has brought about a new phenomenen in younger generations seeking to enhance their beauty [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a case report of 27 year old male who complained of painless enlargement of the lower facial region. After examination, it was diagnosed ascalcifying epithelial odontogenic tumours. tumoursits accurate diagnosis and proper treatment plan is required for preservation of facial esthetics along with minimising the chances of future reoccurrence. In the present case there was no calcification as well as association with an impacted tooth was seen on radiograph but histological findings revealed classical picture of CEOT with calcifications; such a scenario should be kept in mind while dealing with a multilocular radiolucency in the mandible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic and complex full-thickness wounds have become increasingly prevalent. Besides autologous skin transplantation, innovative wound dressing products have gained interest, as the functional and esthetic outcome is still limited. In this respect, the effect of a novel modifiable collagen-gelatin fleece on the healing of deep dermal wounds was examined and compared with untreated controls and Matriderm(®). A total of 48 full-thickness skin defects were generated on six minipigs and treated with the novel collagen-gelatin fleece of different thicknesses in single or multiple application (n=36) or treated with Matriderm(®) in a single application (n=6), or the wounds were left untreated (n=6). Wound healing was analyzed planimetrically by wound closure per time and histologically with regard to epidermal thickness and cell density. Compared to untreated wounds, wound closure per time and histological skin quality with regard to the mean epidermal thickness and epidermal cell amount were enhanced in both treatment groups. Overall, the best results for the novel collagen-gelatin fleece were achieved for multiple applications with a thickness of 150g/m(2). The novel biomaterial shows accelerated and improved dermal wound repair in a minipig model. As the manufacturing process of the scaffold allows the integration of bioactive substances such as antibiotics and growth factors, we intend to design a composite biomaterial using this scaffold as a carrier matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]