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Je známo, že exploatace ložisek nerostných surovin negativně ovlivňuje životní prostředí. V případě hlubinného dobývání jsou bezpochyby nejzávažnějšími důsledky spojenými s těžbou pohyby a deformace povrchu vedoucí k vytvoření poklesové kotliny.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the course and the depth of negative energy balance (NEB) rated by changes of the body condition after calving and subsequent recovery of reproductive abilities of Holstein dairy cows treated by OVSYNCH. The body condition was evaluated by the BCS system one week before calving and subsequently at 30-day intervals for the period of 6 months of lactation. Recovery of ovarian functions was evaluated by the results of ultrasound examination of all the dairy cows ovaries in two controls after calving. The first one was performed on an average of 67 days after calving, and the second at a 60-day interval. The occurrence of individual findings - the presence of corpus luteum, ovarian cysts or ovaries without findings was evaluated as an effect of NEB on the recovery of the ovarian cycle of dairy cows and their subsequent possibility of conception. The suitable cows were treated by the OVSYNCH system after the 1st and 2nd ultrasound examination. Therefore, the insemination interval was calculated and in the case of dairy cows, pregnancy detection, also the number of services per conception and the length of open days. Twice performed hormonal treatment of 73.6% of the animals delayed the period by 50.2 days. In all, 202 dairy cows calved in the period from 29th July 2011 to 7th February 2012 were included in this observation. Significant effects of the body condition change on the ovarian activity as documented by sonographic examination and reproductive indicators appeared primarily in the second month of lactation. The best reproductive indicators were found in cows with the lowest body condition change, thus with a small decline or even increase of body condition score (−0.0 to +0.75 points, P < 0.05). On the contrary, the worst level of indicators of recovery of the reproduction functions were documented in the dairy cows with the most marked decline of BCS (P < 0.05).

The development of body condition score (BCS) and milk fatty acid composition and its mutual relationships were evaluated in the first 4 weeks of lactation of 50 Czech Fleckvieh cows. Average BCS values ranged from 4.14 at calving to 3.6 points in the 4th week of lactation. The percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) tended to slightly increase (69.1 to 71.3%), whereas the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) tended to decrease (30.9 to 28.7%). The animals used were divided to three groups according to the BCS change between calving and week 4 of lactation. The cows with a minimum BCS loss during the first 4 weeks postpartum (–0.03 points) showed higher (+2.16 to 5.24%; P < 0.05) SFA proportions than those having BCS loss more than 1 point. An opposite tendency was observed for UFA, with the highest (+1.23 to 5.26%; P < 0.05) proportion found in the animals with the greatest BCS loss (≥ 1 point). These results indicate that high proportions of milk UFA related with a deep negative energy balance expressed by the highest BCS loss (≥ 1 point). The correlations between BCS at calving, BCS in the 1st and 2nd week of lactation, and proportion of fatty acid groups determined in the 4th week ranged from r = 0.29 to r = 0.41 (P < 0.05).

The objectives of this study were to determine and evaluate the effect of bull, diluter and addition of LDL in different concentration on the percentage rate of spermatozoa survival after cold shock. In total, four bulls were collected during a period of eight weeks. A total of 8 samples of fresh semen with required quality were processed. Three extenders were used for dilution of each sample; AndroMed®, Bioxcell® and Triladyl®, each in standard and LDL enriched variants. In the case of AndroMed® and Bioxcell®, 4, 6 and 8% of LDL were simply added. In Triladyl®, 6, 8 and 10% of LDL replaced the standard egg yolk component. Resistance of spermatozoa against cold shock (0 °C, 10 minutes) was evaluated by the percentage rate of live sperm using Eosin-Nigrosine staining immediately and 2 hours after heat incubation (37 °C). The results showed the influence of bull individuality as an important factor. Among diluters used it is possible to recommend AndroMed® and Bioxcell® due to significantly (P < 0.01) lower decline of live sperm proportion during the cold shock test than Triladyl® (-9.19, respectively -4.95%). The optimal LDL concentration increasing resistance of spermatozoa against cold shock was not determined, therefore subsequent research is necessary.

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Text čerpá z případové studie založené na etnografickém výzkumu New Age praktik v jednom terapeutickém centru v Brně. Pozornost je zaměřena na dichotomii mezi individuálním a kolektivním, nebo privatizovaným a sdíleným v rámci New Age religiozity. New Age je často popisováno jako na já (self) orientovaná spiritualita. Tento článek se zabývá otázkami, jak je já pojímáno, jaký typ subjektivity a intersubjektivity je New Age praktikami konstruován a jaký druh "žitého těla" je utvářen zapojováním sebe-kultivačních technik. Zkoumán je proces rekonstrukce identity a převyprávování narativa o sobě samém. Tato nová identita se ustavuje ve společenství, jelikož musí být stvrzena ostatními. Pozornost je věnována také sociálním důsledkům modelu těla, na němž se zmíněné praktiky zakládají.

Fifty genotypes of cauliflovwer (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) were evaluated for resistance to clubroot disease (Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) under controlled conditions in a plant growth chamber. The cultivars with the highest resistance were Brilant, Agora, and Bora, while the most susceptible were the cultivars White Top, White Fox, and Octavian. The variation in disease index is probably due to different pathogenicity rates of clubroot pathotypes and genetic heterogeneity of European cauliflower cultivars. The obtained results will be tested in an infested and non-infested field.

The aim of the paper is to evaluate differences in the quality perception among particular segments of demand. Data for analysis were collected by means of the questionnaire survey among clients of accommodation establishments. The research in accommodation establishments succeeded to identify four factors of the perception of quality of services provided in those establishments, when only accommodation and catering services were taken into consideration. Age appeared to be an important criterion for the evaluation the of the quality of offered services as the differences in the quality perception among particular age groups were proved for three of four identified factors of the quality perception. The factors are as follows: “environment of the accommodation establishment”, “hygiene in accommodation establishment”, “service in the catering part of the establishment” and “quality of the meals”. The duration of stay as well as the gender of the respondents influences the quality of perception only in the perception of the “quality of meal” factor. Compared to the duration of stay, the repetition of the stay is a considerably important factor in causing the variability of the answers on the rate of the quality perception. The purpose of travel was also proven to be a criterion affecting the rate of the quality perception of the first three factors, whereas the impact of the criterion “client’s travel companionship” was proven in case of the first and third factor.

The aim of this work was evaluation of 24-epibrassinolide influence on yield and quality of head lettuce in optimal and reduced moisture conditions and work out recommendation of 24-brassinosteroids use for lettuce in growers praxis. Field trials were carried out on land belonging to the Demonstration and Research Station of CULS in Prague – Troja in 2009 and 2011. Planting on 27. 8. 2009 and 20. 8. 2011 was done at planting space 0.25 × 0.30 m, each variant in four repetition (single plot 4,5 m2). Seedlings of head lettuce (cultivar Santoro – Rijk Zwaan) were used. Irrigation was carried out by microspraying, and was based on current values of efficient water capacity (EWC); the critical value of the EWC was 80% for optimally irrigated fields (irrigation O), and 50% for variants with reduced levels of irrigation (irrigation S). The total amount of irrigation water during vegetation were as follows: the variant with optimal levels of irrigation (O) had 131 mm in 2009 and 123 mm in 2011; the variant with reduced levels of irrigation (S): 58 mm in 2009 and 63 mm in 2011 Three variants were in both (O and S) conditions: A – no application of 24-epibrassinolide, B – 1 × 24-epibrassinolide application immediately after planting, and C – application of 24-epibrassinolide 2 x (immediately after planting and then after 14 days after 1st application). Concentration of 24-epibrassinolide was 10−6. Following parameters of head lettuce were set after harvesting (10.–12. 10. 2009 and 14.–15. 10. 2011): weight of single heads, marketable heads, marketable yield (in pcs/ha and t/ha) and ascorbic acid and nitrate contents. Influence of 24-epibrassinolide on single lettuce head weight was not significant, decrease of head weight was evident after 24-epibrassinolide application in some variants. Significant increase of marketable heads number and their percentages were noted after 24-epibrassinolide application in optimal moisture conditions – in variant B of 12 261 heads/ha (11.1 %) and in variant C of 16 279 heads/ha (14.7 %) compared with non treated variant A. This trend was not visible in reduced moisture conditions. Increase (nonsignificant) of total marketable yield (in t/ha) was noted after 24-epibrassinolide application. No significant differences were founded among the ascorbic acid contents in each irrigation variant. A higher ascorbic acid content (by approximately 11.9 % in variant C compared with control A) is evident after application of 24-epibrassinolide in the variant with lower levels of irrigation – S. Contrarily, decrease ascorbic acid content is indicated in the optimal levels of irrigation – O (by approximately 16.8 % in variant C compared with control A). The influence of 24-epibrassinolide application on the nitrate content was not significant, but the trend of nitrates decrease in optimal irrigation conditions is evident.

The aim of this paper is to assess the relations between partial components of image of various touristically attractive locations. This research is focused on specific locations in vulnerable areas since the sustainable way of the tourism development concerns them in the highest manner and the touristic pressure on these locations permanently increases. The paper makes effort to extend the usual and nearly traditional understanding of the image in the tourism, which is usually related only to the problems of brand and/or the tourist destination. This is done through a survey realized at 26 selected locations with the aim to obtain 64 completely filled-in questionnaires in each location. Particular statements of respondents concerning the image of the visited location were summarized to the 20 categories. A multidimensional analysis was used to reveal the relations in partial answers. Authors have identified an important number of elements of image of the tourist attractions. By means of the analysis authors have identified differences between historic attractions and nature attractions. However, authors have identified simultaneously both the natural type of the image of the destination and the culture-historical type of image of the destination in all studied locations.

Three genetic similarity coefficients were estimated and compared for their usefulness: simple matching (S SM), Jaccard's (S J) and Dice's (S D), all based on dominant markers data from individuals representing predominantly self-pollinating species. AFLP markers were used to analyze 139 Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) and 67 Lactuca saligna L. (least lettuce) accessions, and RAPD markers were used to analyze 110 Triticum dicoccoides Koern. (wild emmer wheat) accessions. Similar discriminating structure and power based on the three genetic similarity coefficients was found for each of the three species. This discriminating power was high for both P. vulgaris and L. saligna but moderate for T. dicoccoides. With closely related individuals, as in our study, the absence of a band in two individuals should be due to an identical cause inherited from the same ancestor. Accordingly we propose the use of S SM, which alone out of the three examined coefficients involved shared absence of DNA bands, as contributing to genetic similarity. When RAPDs are employed, inferences about population structure and nucleotide divergence should be made with prudence as the nature of genetic variation uncovered by RAPDs is often unclear.

The paper deals with the analysis of organic food selling within the chain store companies operating in the region of South Bohemia. The analysis is based on a questionnaire survey done in 2007 the aim of which was particularly to check the organic food selling strategies, product mix, selling conditions and culture in the particular chain store companies, finally at the end to define strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and possible threats. Following the analysis of the lists of offered products, the authors have determined the so-called chain stores of "good practice". These chain store companies are characterized by a quite wide organic food assortment, a developed sales promotion and they try to co-operate with customers and provide them with the needful information on organic foods.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is the most important crop in the group of leafy vegetables. It is characterized by considerable morphological and genetic variation. The crop comprises seven main groups of cultivars (including oilseed lettuce) differing phenotypically; they are usually described as morphotypes. Lettuce breeding is primarilly focused on various morphological features and resistance against diseases and pests. The accurate description of lettuce germplasm provides basic information useful for lettuce breeders. The construction of a lettuce descriptor list has been stimulated by the international genebank community. This list consists of 55 descriptors with 15 elucidated by figures. It provides a tool for detailed characterization of and discrimination within the intraspecific variation of L. sativa, verification of old varieties, and identification of putative duplicates and gaps in germplasm collections. These descriptors, along with descriptors of wild Lactuca species, provide an efficient analytical tool for studying the complex morphological variability of this genus and relationships among the species.

La présentation d'une méthode traductologique basée sur l'idée d'un message à décoder, étant donné l'inégalité des connaissances chez l'auteur et chez le traducteur vis-à-vis du texte. De différentes grilles de traduction, linguistiques et extralinguistiques sont proposées afin de faciliter la compréhension du message original en entier qui est nécessaire pour pouvoir le transmettre inchangé dans la langue cible.

The Slovak Republic, an Eastern European country, borders Ukraine, which has one of the highest rates of HIV/AIDS in Europe. This study aims to inform readers about the demographic characteristics of Ukrainian war refugees with HIV/AIDS seeking temporary protection status in Slovakia due to the Russian invasion of February 24, 2022. It focuses on their epidemiology, immunological profiles, co-infections, and treatment. Multicenter, retrospective study between March 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023. Data were collected from all Ukrainian patients with refugee status living with HIV or newly diagnosed, who presented to any of the five HIV/AIDS centers in Slovakia. Information was obtained through medical interviews, physical examinations, laboratory tests and medical reports from the Ukrainian Ministry of Health. From March 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023, 141 Ukrainian refugees were included, mostly women (56.7 %, n = 80), with a median age of 41 years. The median CD4+ count was 680 cells/mL; 69.2 % (n = 97) had a viral load below 40 copies/mL. On arrival, 87.8 % (n = 123) were on ART, 90.2 % (n = 111) on dolutegravir. Coinfections included hepatitis C (31 %, n = 41), hepatitis B (12.5 %, n = 17), and tuberculosis (11.3 %, n = 16). Three died from AIDS complications. The study provides a detailed overview of the epidemiological, demographic, immunological, co-infection, and treatment characteristics of Ukrainian PLWHA displaced by the war to the Slovak republic. With the conflict ongoing, it is necessary to be prepared for more refugees in the coming months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Lactuca L. belongs to one of the largest plant families, Asteraceae. Lactuca L. is represented by ca 100 species distributed in different geographical areas and ecological conditions. This is one of the reasons why this genus is characterised by very broad variation of different characters. Electrophoretic detection of some proteins (isozymes) has been applied to the study of genetic variability of Lactuca spp. individuals and populations. The development of molecular genetic methods (RFLP, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism; PCR methods: RAPD, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA; AFLP, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism; minisatellites and microsatellites fingerprinting or SSR, Simple Sequence Repeats) and their application has contributed to the elucidation of various aspects related to the taxonomy, variability, biodiversity, genetics and breeding within the genus Lactuca L. Further potential application of these methods is discussed.

Fifty one accessions of nineteen Lactuca species, the hybrid L. serriola × L. sativa and the related species Mycelis muralis were evaluated for morphological variability, esterase (EST) polymorphism, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and relative DNA content. Sixteen Lactuca accessions were classified taxonomically on the basis of morphology, isozyme analysis and AFLP. Twenty-eight bands (isoforms) of EST were recorded allowing 82% of accessions to be distinguished. The relative DNA content, measured using flow-cytometry (DAPI staining), ranged from 2.02 pg in L. capensis to 17.96 pg in L. canadensis. The results from AFLP analysis and the relative DNA content measurement corresponded well with recent taxonomic classification of the genus Lactuca.

A set of 15 accessions of maca, Lepidium meyenii Walp., and 25 accessions of yacon, Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Robins., cultivated under Czech field conditions was studied to determine relationships between morphological variability and isozyme polymorphisms. Morphological characterisation of maca included evaluation of length, weight, shape, skin and flesh colour of hypocotyls. In yacon, we evaluated shape, colour, skin texture and flesh colour of tubers, as well as the number of roots. Preliminary results showed that maca forms low-weight hypocotyls (up to only 17.4 g) under Czech field conditions. For yacon, tuber production ranged between 1.4 kg and 3.8 kg. Of the 17 analysed enzymatic systems, only esterase (EST) showed some degree of polymorphism in both crops. It was possible to divide accessions of L. meyenii into two groups and S. sonchifolius into six groups on the basis of isozyme polymorphisms. However, EST polymorphisms do not correspond very well to the morphological characteristics of the underground organs of the crops studied.

Of about 100 Lactuca species, there are only 22 represented in world gene bank collections. The description of morphological and other important features of wild lettuce accessions and a correct taxonomic ranging increase their potential successful utilization. A broad study of 22 wild Lactuca species, their morphology, anatomy, karyology, DNA content and isozyme variation, and a search of large number of literature sources (description keys, floras, monographs) provided a base for an elaboration of a descriptor set. This set consists of 88 descriptors and 24 of them are elucidated by figures. It provides a tool for Lactuca species characterization and determination and for a discrimination of an infraspecific variation. Obtained data can be used for description of wild Lactuca genetic resources and also for research purposes.

Článek vychází z experimentů řešících otázky technologie výroby vrcholně středověké keramiky, které proběhly v letních měsících roku 2013 v centru FF MU pod záštitou Ústavu archeologie a muzeologie FF MU, od vyhledávání a testování jílů, míchání hrnčířských hlín přes formování nádob, včetně formování nádob s keramickou značkou na dně, po výpal v replice středověké pece.

The contribution contains results of a research of motor skills of children with autistic spectrum disorder. The group of children represents besides major triad of symptoms, also described difficulties in the field of motor skills. Our aim to find out what motor skills of these children are in comparison with intact population and what differences are found in individual motor items, i.e. in fine motor skills, gross motor skills and in balance. The data was gained with the use of standardized Movement Assessment Battery test for Children 2 (MABC-2). Objective testing of this group of children is relatively difficult. There were successfully tested 36 children with ASD during this phase of research. The research demonstrated evident motor disorder at 86% of children in the observed sample. Statistically significant were worse results in the field of fine motor skills compared to the results in gross motor skills and balance.

This paper reports on the isolation of haploid and mixoploid protoplasts in the genus Cucumis. The cucumber mixoploid plants (C. sativus L., 2x/4x; 2x = 14) were obtained after oryzalin treatments and the mesophyll protoplasts (2x/4x/8x) were isolated and cultivated by well known in vitro methods. The influence of oryzalin pretreatment on the average viability and density of protoplasts was tested. The average viability as well as the density is signifi cantly influenced by the oryzalin concentration, whereas the time-span of the treatment doesn’t have significant impact on the density and the viability. Callus formation was the highest level of regeneration in the experiments described in our study. Furthermore the isolation and cultivation of the cucumber and muskmelon (C. melo L.; 2x = 24) haploid protoplasts from young-stage pollen grains were improved. Subsequently, somatic hybridization between mixoploid cucumber protoplasts and muskmelon mesophyll and callus protoplasts, and kiwano (C. metuliferus E. Meyer ex Naudin; 2x = 24) mesophyll protoplasts, by chemical fusion with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 was performed for the first time. Heterofusants were observed and developed into micro colonies. Additionally, the gametosomatic hybridization between mixoploid cucumber protoplasts and pollen muskmelon protoplasts was performed for the first time. Heterofusants and the first cell division were observed, however, the regeneration stopped in this stage. In conclusion, the different ploidy, especially the mixoploid character of isolated protoplasts, has positive influence on protoplasts isolation and the following fusion as represented by a higher regeneration capacity. In addition, both types of protoplasts, haploid and mixoploid, represent a unique systems for biochemical, molecular and genetic experiments. Especially, the haploid protoplasts could be used during in vitro fertilization.