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101. Asperity distribution and earthquake occurrence in the southern Kurile Islands arc

Author: Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Schwartz, Susan Y., Ruff, Larry J., Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Schwartz, Susan Y., and Ruff, Larry J.
Abstract: The seismicity in the southern Kurile Islands arc is characterized by a complex overlapping of aftershock zones of a few great and many large earthquakes (Ms [greater, double equals] 7.0). The spatial relationships of these aftershock zones can be explained in terms of a simple pattern of fault plane heterogeneity. The four largest earthquakes in this region are, from north to south, the 1963 Kurile Islands (Mw = 8.5), the 1958 Etorofu (Mw = 8.3), the 1969 Kurile Islands (Mw = 8.2) and the 1973 Nemuro-Oki (Mw = 7.8) events. Detailed body wave studies indicate that the moment release associated with each event is concentrated in a small portion of the aftershock area, with scale lengths Ms [greater, double equals] 7.0) earthquakes both before and after the great events. The second mode involves either rupture of relatively weak regions which results in low-stress-drop events, or rupture of smaller asperities. The earthquakes produced by failure of small asperities tend to repeatedly rupture the same regions, and they have impulsive source time functions indicating rupture of highly stressed regions of the fault surface. By analysis of all Ms [greater, double equals] 7.0 events since 1946 in this region we find a segmentation of the southern Kurile Islands thrust zone into strongly coupled regions with two scale lengths (dominant and secondary asperities) and weakly coupled regions (the surrounding areas generating the low-stress-drop events). The largest earthquakes and the smaller asperity earthquakes occur at the down-dip portion of the lithospheric interface, while the low-stress-drop events occur much closer to the trench axis. This implies a difference in the degree of mechanical coupling between the subducting and overriding plates, with the deeper portions having greater strength than the shallower parts.
Published: 2006

102. Diversion of heat by Archean cratons: a model for southern Africa

Author: Department of Geological Sciences, 1006 C.C. Little Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Ballard, Sanford, Pollack, Henry N., Department of Geological Sciences, 1006 C.C. Little Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Ballard, Sanford, and Pollack, Henry N.
Abstract: The surface heat flow in the interior of Archean cratons is typically about 40 mW m-2 while that in Proterozoic and younger terrains surrounding them is generally considerably higher. The eighty-four heat flow observations from southern Africa provide an excellent example of this contrast in surface heat flow, showing a difference of some 25 mW m-2 between the Archean craton and younger peripheral units. We investigate two possible contributions to this contrast: (1) a shallow mechanism, essentially geochemical, comprising a difference in crustal heat production between the two terrains, and (2) a deeper mechanism, essentially geodynamical, arising from the existence of a lithospheric root beneath the Archean craton which diverts heat away from the craton into the thinner surrounding lithosphere. A finite element numerical model which explores the interplay between these two mechanisms suggests that a range of combinations of differences in crustal heat production and lithospheric thickness can lead to the contrast in surface heat flow observed in southern Africa. Additional constraints derived from seismological observations of cratonic roots, the correlation of surface heat flow and surface heat production, petrological estimates of the mean heat production in continental crust and constraints on upper mantle temperatures help narrow the range of acceptable models. Successful models suggest that a cratonic root beneath southern Africa extends to depths of 200-400 km. A root in this thickness range can divert enough heat to account for 50-100% of the observed contrast in surface heat flow, the remainder being due to a difference in crustal heat production between the craton and the surrounding mobile belts in the range of zero to 0.35 [mu]W m-3.
Published: 2006

103. Application of fluid inclusion and rock-gas analysis in mineral exploration

Author: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Kesler, Stephen E., Haynes, Patricia S., Creech, Michael Z., Gorman, Jonathan A., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Kesler, Stephen E., Haynes, Patricia S., Creech, Michael Z., and Gorman, Jonathan A.
Abstract: Gases are known to form haloes around presently active geothermal systems and might be useful in exploration for older, extinct hydrothermal systems. Gases from such extinct hydrothermal systems can be liberated for analysis from fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals by thermal decrepitation or they can be desorbed from alteration mineral surfaces by heating. The most abundant of these gases, besides H2O, are usually CO2, CH4, CO and N2. We have used a gas chromatograph to analyze these gases in fluid inclusions in jasperoid around the Pueblo Viejo gold-silver deposit, in vein minerals from the Creede silver-lead-zinc deposit, and from clays in the alteration cap overlying veins at Creede to test for gas haloes useful in exploration. At Pueblo Viejo CO2 abundances in the jasperoid range from less than 1 mole percent (with respect to the system CH4-CO2-CO-N2-H2O) in the ore zone to as much as 6 mole percent in surrounding, barren jasperoid. Fluid inclusion analyses at Creede suggest that a drop in the CO2 content of the fluid may relate to ore deposition and clay directly above veins has large amounts of adsorbed CO2. These results suggest that primary gas abundances exhibit patterns in and around hydrothermal ore deposits that can be used in mineral exploration.
Published: 2006

104. Secondary magnetizations from the Clinton-type iron ores of the Silurian Red Mountain Formation, Alabama

Author: Department of Geological Sciences, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Perroud, Herve, Van der Voo, Rob, Department of Geological Sciences, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Perroud, Herve, and Van der Voo, Rob
Abstract: From 27 (out of a total of 29) sites a characteristic pre-folding magnetization has been obtained with D = 150[deg], I = +20[deg], [alpha]95 = 3.5[deg], and paleopole at 38[deg]N, 132[deg]E. However, we conclude from a bedding-error test and a conglomerate test, as well as from descriptions of the hematite as a replacement mineral, that the magnetization is a (late) post-depositional chemical remanent magnetization. The age constraints on the magnetization, between Middle Silurian and Early Permian, can be refined by a comparison with the apparent polar wander path for cratonic North America; this comparison suggests a Late Carboniferous age for the magnetization and the hematite, which constitutes the principal component of the iron ores. Similar Late Paleozoic remagnetizations have been noted in other Appalachian and mid-continent formations and suggest a widespread, but as yet ill-defined mechanism for the remagnetization. It is tempting to correlate this event with the early phases of the Alleghenian orogeny in Carboniferous times and with possible fluid migrations resulting from the tectonism.
Published: 2006

105. Paleomagnetism of the Cambro-Ordovician McClure Mountain alkalic complex, Colorado

Author: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Lynnes, Christopher S., Van der Voo, Rob, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Lynnes, Christopher S., and Van der Voo, Rob
Abstract: The Middle to Late Cambrian loop in the North American apparent polar wander path (APWP) has been variously attributed to tectonic rotations, remagnetizations and primary magnetizations. Although no primary thermal remanent magnetizations or primary detrital remanent magnetizations have as yet been demonstrated, the temporally self-consistent nature of the loop has been used as an argument for primary magnetizations. We have studied 535 +/- 5 Ma nepheline syenites and syenites of the McClure Mountain alkalic complex, as well as 495 +/- 10 Ma red trachyte dikes which intruded the complex, in an effort to find a primary TRM. Because Zijderveld analysis yielded consistent results for only one trachyte dike, remagnetization great-circle analysis was employed, giving a pole for the trachyte dikes at the tip of the loop (43[deg]N, 114[deg]E), while the syenites and nepheline synenites gave a pole at the base of the loop (18[deg]N, 142[deg]E). The magnetic carrier in the trachytes is hematite which apparently formed during a pervasive hydrothermal alteration. K---Ar whole rock dating of the trachytes suggests a Pennsylvanian age for the alteration, and thus a late Paleozoic remagnetization of the trachytes. Thus, the low-latitude Cambrian pole is confirmed, but we find no evidence in this study to support the primary nature of the Cambrian APWP.
Published: 2006

106. Crystal structure of naturally occurring mercury(II) amidonitrate

Author: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, USA, Randall, Charles J., Peacor, Donald R., Rouse, Roland C., Dunn, Pete J., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, USA, Randall, Charles J., Peacor, Donald R., Rouse, Roland C., and Dunn, Pete J.
Abstract: A naturally-occurring mercuroammonium compound from Pitkin County, Colorado, is shown to be the natural analog of synthetic HgNH2NO3. The crystals are isometric, P4132 or P4332, with a = 10.254(1)A and twelve formula weights per cell. Using 437 symmetry-independent reflections, the crystal structure was partially determined and refined to a residual of 0.090. The positions of the Hg atoms and the N and O atoms of the nitrate group were determined, but the amide ion could not be located, probably due to positional disorder. The structure contains mercury atoms arranged in equilateral triangles 3.421(1) A on a side. These triangles are linked through shared vertices into helical chains wound around the fourfold screw axes. Similar triangular units occur in other inorganic Hg(II) compounds. The distortion of the nitrate ion from trigonal planar symmetry is also discussed.
Published: 2006

107. Paleomagnetic and rock magnetic results from the Twin Creek Formation (Middle Jurassic), Wyoming

Author: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., McCabe, Chad, Van der Voo, Rob, Wilkinson, Bruce H., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., McCabe, Chad, Van der Voo, Rob, and Wilkinson, Bruce H.
Abstract: A magnetization which passes the fold test has been observed in 73 limestone samples (10 sites) from the Middle Jurassic Twin Creek Formation. The pole calculated from the site mean poles is located at 68.4[deg]N, 145.0[deg]E (K = 31.8, A95 = 8.7[deg]). This pole lies in a segment of the North American apparent polar wander (APW) path for which there are only a few reliable poles in the literature. The results corroborate earlier studies which conclude that the Jurassic segment of the APW path does not include the present north pole. However, the position of the Twin Creek pole suggests that significantly more APW took place prior to the late Jurassic than previous studies indicated.
Published: 2006

108. Sulfur gases produced by the decomposition of sulfide minerals: Application to geochemical exploration

Author: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Taylor, Carl H., Kesler, Stephen E., Cloke, Paul L., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Taylor, Carl H., Kesler, Stephen E., and Cloke, Paul L.
Abstract: We have evaluated the potential application of sulfur gas analysis to exploration for buried sulfide mineral deposits by: (1) calculating by use of equilibrium thermodynamics, the relative abundances of gases that should be given off by decomposing sulfide minerals; and (2) determining experimentally the abundances of gases that are actually given off. The calculations indicate that the gases that should be given off by decomposing sulfide minerals are (in order of decreasing abundance) H2S, COS, CS2, CH3SH, (CH3)2S2 or SO2 or S2 (depending on Eh and pH). In contrast, our experiments show that decomposing sulfide minerals evolve only CS2 and COS, in order of decreasing abundance. Pyrite produces the largest amounts of sulfur gas. Moist (rather than saturated) and non-sterile (rather than sterile) conditions enhance gas generation from pyrite, although no large difference appeared between sterile and non-sterile experiments for other sulfide minerals. These experiments indicate that the sulfur gases CS2 and COS could be useful indicators of buried metal sulfide deposits.
Published: 2006

109. Paleomagnetism of the latest Precambrian/Cambrian Unicoi basalts from the Blue Ridge, northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia: evidence for Taconic deformation

Author: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Brown, Peter M., Van der Voo, Rob, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A., Brown, Peter M., and Van der Voo, Rob
Abstract: Three components of magnetization have been observed in ninety-six samples (twelve sites) of amygdaloidal basalts and "sedimentary greenstones" of the Unicoi Formation in the Blue Ridge Province of northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia. These components could be isolated by alternating field as well as thermal demagnetization. One component, with a direction close to that of the present-day geomagnetic field is ascribed to recent viscous remanent magnetizations; another component, with intermediate blocking temperatures and coercivities, gives a mean direction of D = 132[deg], I = +43[deg], [alpha]95 = 9[deg] for N = 10 sites before correction for tilt of the strata. This direction and the corresponding pole position are close to Ordovician/Silurian data from the North American craton and we infer this magnetization to be due to a thermal remagnetization during or after the Taconic orogeny. This magnetization is of post-folding origin, which indicates that the Blue Ridge in our area was structurally affected by the Taconic deformation. The third component, with the highest blocking temperatures and coercivities, appears to reside in hematite. Its mean direction, D = 276[deg], I = -17[deg], [alpha]95 = 13.8[deg] for N = 6 sites (after tilt correction) corresponds to a pole close to Latest Precambrian and Cambrian poles for North America. The fold test is inconclusive for this magnetization at the 95% confidence level because of the near-coincidence of the strike and the declinations. We infer this direction to be due to early high-temperature oxidation of the basalts, and argue that its magnetization may have survived the later thermal events because of its intrinsic high blocking temperatures. A detailed examination of the paleomagnetic directions from this study reveals that the Blue Ridge in this area may have undergone a small counterclockwise rotation of about 15[deg].
Published: 2006

110. Greatlakean Substage: A replacement for Valderan Substage in the Lake Michigan basin

Author: Department of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA, Department of Geological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA, Evenson, Edward B., Farrand, William R., Eschman, Donald F., Mickelson, David M., Maher, Louis J., Department of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA, Department of Geological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA, Evenson, Edward B., Farrand, William R., Eschman, Donald F., Mickelson, David M., and Maher, Louis J.
Abstract: New evidence from recent field and seismic investigations in the Lake Michigan basin and in the type areas of the Valders, Two Creeks and Two Rivers deposits necessitates revision of late-glacial ice-front positions, rock- and time-stratigraphic nomenclature and climatic interpretations and deglaciation patterns for the period ca. 14,000-7,000 radiocarbon years B.P. The previously reported and long accepted pattern of deglaciation for the Lake Michigan basin started with a regular retreat from the Lake Border Morainic System, with a minor oscillation marked by the Port Huron moraine(s) and then an extensive Twocreekan deglaciation followed by a major (320 km) post-Twocreekan advance (Valders). However, we now record a major retreat between the times of the Lake Border and Port Huron moraines, followed by a gradual retreat from the Port Huron limit and interrupted by a minor standstill (deposition of Manitowoc Till), a retreat (Twocreekan) and a readvance (Two Rivers Till). No Woodfordian or younger readvance was as extensive as had been the preceding one. This sequence argues for a normal, climatically controlled, progressive deglaciation rather than one interrupted by a major post-Twocreekan (formerly Valderan) surge. This revision appears finally to harmonize the geologic evidence and the palynological record for the Great Lakes region. Our investigations show that Valders Till from which the Valderan Substage was named is late-Woodfordian in age. We propose the term "Greatlakean" as a replacement for the now misleading time-stratigraphic term "Valderan". The type section and the definition of the upper and lower boundaries of the Greatlakean Substage remain the same as those originally proposed for the Valderan Substage but the name is changed.
Published: 2006

111. Geochemistry and Hydrogeology of Agriculture Watershed No. 10, and Their Influence on the Chemical Composition of Water and Sediments: Project No. 23

Author: Brock University. Department of Geological Sciences and Veska, Eric
Published: 1977

112. Newsletter (University of Texas at Austin. Department of Geological Sciences)

Author: University Of Texas At Austin. Department Of Geological Sciences
Subjects: ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, University of Texas -- Department of Geological Sciences, Geology, FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Annual newsletter of the Department of Geological Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin. Includes news from the department along with information about alumni from the program. Published from 1953 to 2003.
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113. Light-toned veins and material in Jezero crater, Mars, as seen in-situ via NASA's Perseverance rover (Mars 2020 mission): stratigraphic distribution and compositional results from the supercam instrument

Author: Nachon, Marion, López-Reyes, Guillermo, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, M. Ollila, Ann, Mandon, Lucia, Clavé, Elise, Forni, Olivier, Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, Roger, Gasnault, Olivier, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Mangold, Nicolas, Clegg, Samuel, Cousin, Agnès, Lasue, Jérémie, Dehouck, Erwin, Pilleri, Paolo, Team, The Supercam, Bell III, J.F., Horgan, Briony, Núñez, Jorge, Stack‐Morgan, Katie, Tebolt, Michelle, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Gupta, Sanjeev, Calef, Fred J., Crumpler, Larry, Siljeström, Sandra, Russell, Patrick, Williams, Amy, Shuster, David L., Rice, James, Brown, Adrian, Holm-Alwmark, Sanna, Kanine, Oak, Texas A&M University [College Station], Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science (NMMNHS), RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), School of Earth and Space Exploration [Tempe] (SESE), NASA Headquarters, Plancius Research LLC, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars 2020, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], sedimentology, veins, diagenesis
Abstract: International audience; Within Jezero crater, the Perseverance rover currently explores the lowermost-exposed scarp of the delta (Fig. 1) [1,2]. Here we: (1) present the distribution of light-toned veins currently observed via the rover along its route in Jezero crater; (2) introduce compositional results of veins as analyzed via Perseverance’s SuperCam instrument, and place them into the context of results from the other instruments.
Published: 2023

114. On the cratonization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield: Constraints from gneissic granitoids in south Eastern Desert, Egypt

Author: Ali A. Khudeir, Loretta Corcoran, Åke Johansson, Jean-Louis Paquette, Kirsten N. Nicholson, Tyrone O. Rooney, Mohamed A. El-Fadly, Mohamed A. Abu El-Rus, Shawn J. Malone, Sadiq Hamid, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ball State University, Department of Geological Sciences, 117 Fine Art Building, Muncie, IN 47306, Department of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm SE-104 05, Sweden, Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, and Notre Dame University, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mantle wedge, MESH: Partial melting, MESH: Subduction zones, Geochemistry, Partial melting, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS), [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Fractional crystallization, Cratonization, Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS), MESH: Tonalite-Trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG), Subduction zones, Tonalite-Trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, QE1-996.5, Underplating, Fractional crystallization (geology), Geology, MESH: Cratonization, Fractional crystallization, Magma, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Island arc, Protolith, Zircon
Abstract: International audience; The Shaitian granite complex (SGC) spans more than 80 Ma of crustal growth in the Arabian–Nubian Shield in southeast Egypt. It is a voluminous composite intrusion (60 km2) comprising a host tonalite massif intruded by subordinate dyke-like masses of trondhjemite, granodiorite and monzogranite. The host tonalite, in turn, encloses several, fine-grained amphibolite enclaves. U-Pb zircon dating indicates a wide range of crystallization ages within the SGC (800 ± 18 Ma for tonalites; 754 ± 3.9 Ma for trondhjemite; 738 ± 3.8 Ma for granodirite; and 717±3.2 Ma for monzogranite), suggesting crystallization of independent magma pulses. The high positive εNdi (+6–+8) indicate that the melting sources were dominated by juvenile material without any significant input from older crust. Application of zircon saturation geothermometry indicates increasing temperatures during the generation of melts from 745±31 °C for tonalite to 810±25 °C for trondhjemite; 840±10 °C for granodiorite; and 868±10 °C for monzogranite. The pressure of partial melting is loosely constrained to be below the stability of residual garnet (3 kbar for the stability of residual amphibole as inferred from the significantly lower NbN and TaN compared with LREEN and the sub-chondrite Nb/Ta ratios exhibited by the granitic phases. The inverse relation between the generation temperatures and the ages estimates of the granitoid lithologies argue against a significant role of fractional crystallization. The major and trace element contents indicate the emplacement of SGC within a subduction zone setting. It lacks distinctive features for melt derived from a subducted slab (e.g. high Sr/Y and high (La/Yb)N ratios), and the relatively low MgO and Ni contents in all granite phases within the SGC suggest melting within the lower crust of an island arc overlying a mantlewedge. Comparisonwith melts produced during melting experiments indicates an amphibolite of basaltic composition is the best candidate as source for the tonalite, trondhjemite and granodiorite magmas whereas the monzogranite magma is most consistent with fusion of a tonalite protolith. Given the overlapping Nd-Sr isotope ratios as well as several trace element ratios betweenmonzogranite and tonalite samples, it is reasonable to suggest that the renewed basaltic underplating may have caused partial melting of tonalite and the emplacement of monzogranite melt within the SGC. The emplacement of potassic granite (monzogranite) melts subsequent to the emplacement of Na-rich granites (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) most likely suggests major crustal thickening following arc collision andamalgamation into the over thickened proto-crust of the Arabian-Nubian microcontinent. Eventually, after complete consolidation, the whole SGC was subjected to regional deformation, most probably during accretion to the Saharan Metacraton (arc–continent collisions) in the late Cryogenian -Ediacaran times (650–542 Ma).
Published: 2021
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115. Depositional histories of vegetation and rainfall intensity in Sierra Madre Oriental Mountains (northeast Mexico) since the late Last Glacial

Author: Gowrappan Muthusankar, Víctor H. Lemus-Neri, José Luis Sánchez-Zavala, Jesús D. Quiroz-Jiménez, Guillermo Vera-Vera, Jason H. Curtis, Timothy M. Shanahan, Patricia Girón-García, Priyadarsi D. Roy, Instituto de Geologia Economica, Facultad de Geologia, Universidad Complutense, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), USAI, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), and Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evaporite, Paleoclimate, 02 engineering and technology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Heinrich stadial, Sedimentary depositional environment, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Paleoclimatology, Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Deglaciation, Glacial period, Stadial, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, 15. Life on land, Stable isotope, Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, North America, Erosion, Physical geography, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Geology
Abstract: An evaporite enriched sediment archive from the dry Sandia Basin located in the water-stressed western foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental Mountains (northeast Mexico) was studied to reconstruct depositional histories of vegetation and rainfall intensity in orbital to millennial-scales over the last ~32.5 cal ka. Surrounding vegetation had more C3 plants during the late last glacial and deglaciation and the expansion of more drought tolerant C4 plants occurred only after ~5 cal ka BP. Clastic minerals were sourced from different lithologies within the watershed and their abundances helped to infer runoff dynamics and hence the rainfall intensities. Deposition of more mixed-layer clay represented wetter intervals over the late last glacial and deglaciation. Transportation of clastics from the nearby lithology during these wetter intervals suggested that high-intensity rainfall events were less frequent. Response to the Heinrich stadials (H3, H2 and early H1) was mainly similar (drier) and erosion in the watershed remained less-than-average. Transportation of more quartz-rich sediments from distal lithologies during the late Bolling-Allerod (B/A) interstadial and between ~6.2 and 4 cal ka BP with a depositional hiatus between ~12.7 and 6.2 cal ka BP represented the intervals of more frequent high-intensity rainfall events, possibly related to short-lived storms. We hypothesize that the Gulf of Mexico sea surface temperature was a principal forcing. Total annual precipitation in this region decreased but the frequency of short-lived storms increased during the warmer Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) states. Warmer conditions also led to deposition of more gypsum. Our observation, however, needs further evaluation under the modern-day greenhouse warming scenario.
Published: 2020
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116. Snowmelt controls on concentration-discharge relationships and the balance of oxidative and acid-base weathering fluxes in an alpine catchment, East River, Colorado: ACID-BASE VERSUS OXIDATIVE WEATHERING FLUXES

Author: Maher, Kate [Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford California USA]
Published: 2017
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117. Athenacrinus n. gen. and other early echinoderm taxa inform crinoid origin and arm evolution

Author: James Sprinkle, Bruno David, Bertrand Lefebvre, Rich Mooi, Kraig Derstler, Thomas E. Guensburg, Michel Roux, Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Geology, California Academy of Sciences, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, University of New Orleans, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, biology, Stereom, Paleontology, Crinoid, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Tremadocian, Taxon, Echinoderm, Genus, Floian, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Ordovician, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Intermediate morphologies of a new fossil crinoid shed light on the pathway by which crinoids acquired their distinctive arms. Apomorphies originating deep in echinoderm history among early nonblastozoan pentaradiate echinoderms distinguish Tremadocian (earliest Ordovician) crinoid arms from later taxa. The brachial series is separated from the ambulacra, part of the axial skeleton, by lateral plate fields. Cover plates are arrayed in two tiers, and floor plates expressed podial basins and pores. Later during the Early Ordovician, floor plates contacted and nestled into brachials, then were unexpressed as stereom elements entirely and cover plates were reduced to a single tier. Incorporation of these events into a parsimony analysis supports crinoid origin deep in echinoderm history separate from blastozoans (eocrinoids, ‘cystoids’). Arm morphology is exceptionally well-preserved in the late Tremadocian to early FloianAthenacrinus browerinew genus new species. Character analysis supports a hypothesis that this taxon originated early within in the disparid clade.Athenacrinusn. gen. (in Athenacrinidae new family) is the earliest-known crinoid to express what is commonly referred to as ‘compound’ or ‘biradial’ morphology. This terminology is misleading in that no evidence for implied fusion or fission of radials exists, rather it is suggested that this condition arose through disproportionate growth.UUID:http://zoobank.org/b383e039-3298-4472-a7e3-e81684f87cfe
Published: 2020
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118. The seismicity of Mars

Author: Simon Stähler, Anna Horleston, Sharon Kedar, John-Robert Scholz, L. Luno, J. B. McClean, Henri Samuel, Fabian Euchner, S. Barkaoui, Tristram Warren, Mélanie Drilleau, Martin Schimmel, Maren Böse, M. Nonon, M. van Driel, Nicholas A Teanby, Alexander E. Stott, Savas Ceylan, Ludovic Margerin, A. Jacob, Brigitte Knapmeyer-Endrun, William B. Banerdt, Guenole Mainsant, Tamara Gudkova, Antoine Lucas, T. Gabsi, Renee Weber, Taichi Kawamura, Vincent Conejero, Eléonore Stutzmann, Daniele Antonangeli, C. Agard, Constantinos Charalambous, C. Ferrier, P. Combes, K. Hurst, Philippe Lognonné, Don Banfield, Aymeric Spiga, William T. Pike, Constanza Pardo, J. A Rodriguez Manfredi, Martin Knapmeyer, Attilio Rivoldini, Francis Nimmo, U. R. Christensen, Sue Smrekar, Ingrid Daubar, R. Llorca-Cejudo, Mark P. Panning, Scott D. King, Eric Beucler, Foivos Karakostas, Amir Khan, E. Barrett, Mark A. Wieczorek, Raphaël F. Garcia, Clément Perrin, Naomi Murdoch, David Mimoun, C. Yana, John Clinton, Domenico Giardini, Swiss National Supercomputing Centre, Swiss National Science Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland), UK Space Agency, California Institute of Technology, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Schimmel, Martin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute of Geophysics [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Mechanical Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, INSTITUT OF GEOPHYSICS ETHZ, Swiss Seismological Service, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [München], Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Cornell University [New York], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Academy-EURAC, Institute for Applied Remote Sensing, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Schmidt United Institute of Physics of the Earth [Moscow] (IPE), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), NASA, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (LIM), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), UNS-CNRS-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Department of Earth Sciences [ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida [Gainesville], Oncogenesis Stress Signaling (OSS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Cornell University, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), Schimmel, Martin [0000-0003-2601-4462], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Munich], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax (ITX-lab), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-14-CE36-0012,SEISMARS,Seismology on Mars(2014)
Subjects: Seismometer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, Induced seismicity, InSight Mars Marsbeben Seismizität, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, seismology, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Elysium, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Autre, Planet, inner planets, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Seismology, InSight, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Seismicity, Crust, Geology, Mars Exploration Program, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: The InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission landed in Elysium Planitia on Mars on 26 November 2018 and fully deployed its seismometer by the end of February 2019. The mission aims to detect, characterize and locate seismic activity on Mars, and to further constrain the internal structure, composition and dynamics of the planet. Here, we present seismometer data recorded until 30 September 2019, which reveal that Mars is seismically active. We identify 174 marsquakes, comprising two distinct populations: 150 small-magnitude, high-frequency events with waves propagating at crustal depths and 24 low-frequency, subcrustal events of magnitude Mw 3–4 with waves propagating at various depths in the mantle. These marsquakes have spectral characteristics similar to the seismicity observed on the Earth and Moon. We determine that two of the largest detected marsquakes were located near the Cerberus Fossae fracture system. From the recorded seismicity, we constrain attenuation in the crust and mantle, and find indications of a potential low-S-wave-velocity layer in the upper mantle. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited., We acknowledge NASA, CNES and its partner agencies and institutions (UKSA, SSO, DLR, JPL, IPGP-CNRS, ETHZ, IC and MPS-MPG) and the flight operations team at JPL, SISMOC, MSDS, IRIS-DMC and PDS for providing SEIS data. The Swiss co-authors were jointly funded by (1) the Swiss National Science Foundation and French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (SNF-ANR project 157133 ‘Seismology on Mars’), (2) the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF project 172508 ‘Mapping the internal structure of Mars’), (3) the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SEFRI project ‘MarsQuake Service-Preparatory Phase’) and (4) ETH Research grant no. ETH-06 17-02. Additional support came from the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) under project ID s922. The Swiss contribution in the implementation of the SEIS electronics was made possible by funding from the federal Swiss Space Office (SSO) and contractual and technical support from the ESA-PRODEX office. The French Team acknowledge the French Space Agency CNES, which has supported and funded all SEIS-related contracts and CNES employees, as well as CNRS and the French team universities for personal and infrastructure support. Additional support was provided by ANR (ANR-14-CE36-0012-02 and ANR-19-CE31-0008-08) and, for the IPGP team, by the UnivEarthS Labex programme (ANR-10-LABX-0023), IDEX Sorbonne Paris Cité (ANR-11-IDEX-0005-0). SEIS-SP development and delivery were funded by the UK Space Agency. A portion of the work was carried out at the InSight Project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The MPS SEIS team acknowledges funding for development of the SEIS leveling system by the DLR German Space Agency. We thank gempa GmbH for software development related to the MQS tools. This paper is InSight contribution number 102.
Published: 2020
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119. Dissolution of radioactive, cesium-rich microparticles released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in simulated lung fluid, pure-water, and seawater

Author: Gareth T. W. Law, Kazuya Morooka, Eitaro Kurihara, Genki Furuki, Ryohei Ikehara, Toshihiko Ohnuki, Kenji Horie, William R. Bower, Mizuki Suetake, Shinya Yamasaki, Tatsuki Komiya, Yuriko Nakano, Rodney C. Ewing, Mami Takehara, Satoshi Utsunomiya, Bernd Grambow, IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Department of Geological Sciences [Stanford] (GS), Stanford EARTH, Stanford University-Stanford University, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, and Department of Chemistry
Subjects: MECHANISM, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, PH, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 116 Chemical sciences, Cesium, 02 engineering and technology, BASALTIC GLASS DISSOLUTION, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Matrix (chemical analysis), Soil, Japan, Solubility, Dissolution, TEMPERATURE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Medicine, Pollution, HYDROXYAPATITE, Radioactivity, Cesium Radioisotopes, Environmental chemistry, Nuclear Power Plants, Ultrapure water, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Environmental Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Radiation Monitoring, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, RATES, SILICA, KINETICS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, CONSEQUENCES, Silicates, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, ALLOY, Water, General Chemistry, 020801 environmental engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Caesium, Soil water, Glass
Abstract: To understand the chemical durability of highly radioactive cesium-rich microparticles (CsMPs) released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011, we have, for the first time, performed systematic dissolution experiments with CsMPs isolated from Fukushima soils (one sample with 108 Bq and one sample with 57.8 Bq of Cs-137) using three types of solutions: simulated lung fluid, ultrapure water, and artificial sea water, at 25 and 37 degrees C for 1-63 days. The Cs-137 was released rapidly within three days and then steady-state dissolution was achieved for each solution type. The steady-state Cs-137 release rate at 25 degrees C was determined to be 4.7 x 10(3), 1.3 x 10(3), and 1.3 x 10(3) Bq . m(-2)s(-1) for simulated lung fluid, ultrapure water, and artificial sea water, respectively. This indicates that the simulated lung fluid promotes the dissolution of CsMPs. The dissolution of CsMPs is similar to that of Si-based glass and is affected by the surface moisture conditions. In addition, the Cs release from the CsMPs is constrained by the rate-limiting dissolution of silicate matrix. Based on our results, CsMPs with similar to 2 Bq, which can be potentially inhaled and deposited in the alveolar region, are completely dissolved after >35 years. Further, CsMPs could remain in the environment for several decades; as such, CsMPs are important factors contributing to the long-term impacts of radioactive Cs in the environment. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2019
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120. Extraordinary rocks from the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater: P-wave velocity, density, and porosity measurements from IODP/ICDP Expedition 364

Author: Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Axel Wittmann, C. Mellett, Kosei E. Yamaguchi, David A. Kring, Honami Sato, Ludovic Ferrière, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra, Johanna Lofi, Rubén Ocampo-Torres, Cornelia Rasmussen, Auriol S. P. Rae, Marco J. L. Coolen, Heather L. Jones, Michael H. Poelchau, Long Xiao, Annemarie E. Pickersgill, Michael T. Whalen, Philippe Claeys, Kazuhisa Goto, Naotaka Tomioka, Ulrich Riller, Timothy J. Bralower, Chris Nixon, Christopher M. Lowery, S. Green, Elise Chenot, Jan Smit, Sonia M. Tikoo, Douglas R. Schmitt, Ligia Pérez-Cruz, E. Le Ber, Joanna Morgan, Sean P. S. Gulick, Charles S. Cockell, Gail L. Christeson, Catalina Gebhardt, Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geological Sciences, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] ( LPI ), Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Physics, University of Alberta [Edmonton], University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Institut für Geologie, Universität Hamburg ( UHH ), Eyring Materials Center, Arizona State University [Tempe] ( ASU ), Department of Geosciences, PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre ( WA-OIGC ), Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre ( PATREC ) -Planning and Transport Research Centre ( PATREC ), Natural History Museum [Vienna] ( NHM ), British Geological Survey [Edinburgh], International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University [Sendai], United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé ( ICPEES ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar ( Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Argon Isotope Facility, NERC/SUERC, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology ( JAMSTEC ), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences ( FALW ), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( VU ), Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] ( RUTGERS ), Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks ( UAF ), School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences-Planetary Science Institute, Department of Chemistry, NASA Astrobiology Institute ( NAI ), Funding from the In-ternational Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and the International Continental scientific Drilling Project (ICDP)., Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Chemistry, Earth System Sciences, Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Alberta, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [Edinburgh], WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), The Institute for Geoscience Research [Perth] (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), British Geological Survey (BGS), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), NERC Argon Isotope Facility [Glasgow], Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow-University of Edinburgh-University of Glasgow-University of Edinburgh-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), School of Earth Sciences [Wuham], China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), and Geology and Geochemistry
Subjects: Geochemistry & Geophysics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Lithology, 04 Earth Sciences, Borehole, Stratigraphic unit, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 01 natural sciences, physical properties, [ SDU.STU.GP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Impact crater, Geochemistry and Petrology, Breccia, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Petrology, Porosity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chicxulub peak ring physical properties impact crater, 02 Physical Sciences, Scientific drilling, impact crater, peak ring, Geophysics, Chicxulub, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Sedimentary rock, Geology
Abstract: Joint International Ocean Discovery Program and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program Expedition 364 drilled into the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater. We present P-wave velocity, density, and porosity measurements from Hole M0077A that reveal unusual physical properties of the peak-ring rocks. Across the boundary between post-impact sedimentary rock and suevite (impact melt-bearing breccia) we measure a sharp decrease in velocity and density, and an increase in porosity. Velocity, density, and porosity values for the suevite are 2900–3700 m/s, 2.06–2.37 g/cm3, and 20–35%, respectively. The thin (25 m) impact melt rock unit below the suevite has velocity measurements of 3650–4350 m/s, density measurements of 2.26–2.37 g/cm3, and porosity measurements of 19–22%. We associate the low velocity, low density, and high porosity of suevite and impact melt rock with rapid emplacement, hydrothermal alteration products, and observations of pore space, vugs, and vesicles. The uplifted granitic peak ring materials have values of 4000–4200 m/s, 2.39–2.44 g/cm3, and 8–13% for velocity, density, and porosity, respectively; these values differ significantly from typical unaltered granite which has higher velocity and density, and lower porosity. The majority of Hole M0077A peak-ring velocity, density, and porosity measurements indicate considerable rock damage, and are consistent with numerical model predictions for peak-ring formation where the lithologies present within the peak ring represent some of the most shocked and damaged rocks in an impact basin. We integrate our results with previous seismic datasets to map the suevite near the borehole. We map suevite below the Paleogene sedimentary rock in the annular trough, on the peak ring, and in the central basin, implying that, post impact, suevite covered the entire floor of the impact basin. Suevite thickness is 100–165 m on the top of the peak ring but 200 m in the central basin, suggesting that suevite flowed downslope from the collapsing central uplift during and after peak-ring formation, accumulating preferentially within the central basin.
Published: 2018
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121. Contrasted hydrothermal activity along the South-East Indian Ridge (130°E-140°E): From crustal to ultramafic circulation

Author: Boulart, Cédric, Briais, Anne, Chavagnac, Valérie, Révillon, Sidonie, Ceuleneer, Georges, Donval, Jean-Pierre, Guyader, Vivien, Barrere, Fabienne, Ferreira, Nicolas, Hanan, Barry, Hémond, Christophe, Macleod, Sarah, Maia, Marcia, Maillard, Agnès, Merkuryev, Sergey, Park, Sung-Hyun, Ruellan, Étienne, Schohn, Alexandre, Watson, Sally, Yang, Yun-Seok, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Dynamique terrestre et planétaire (DTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de Tectonophysique, Université de Nantes (UN), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Department of Geological Sciences [San Diego], San Diego State University (SDSU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Marines (GM), Department of Geological Sciences [San Diego State Univ] (Geology SDSU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, South-East Indian Ridge, hydrothermal plumes, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, mid-ocean ridges, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; Using a combined approach of seafloor mapping, MAPR and CTD survey, we report evidence for active hydrothermal venting along the 1308-1408E section of the poorly-known SouthEast Indian Ridge (SEIR) from the Australia-Antarctic Discordance (AAD) to the George V Fracture Zone (FZ). Along the latter, we report Eh and CH 4 anomalies in the water column above a serpentinite massif, which unambiguously testify for ultramafic-related fluid flow. This is the first time that such circulation is observed on an intermediate-spreading ridge. The ridge axis itself is characterized by numerous off-axis volcanoes, suggesting a high magma supply. The water column survey indicates the presence of at least ten distinct hydrothermal plumes along the axis. The CH 4 :Mn ratios of the plumes vary from 0.37 to 0.65 denoting different underlying processes, from typical basalt-hosted to ultramafic-hosted high-temperature hydrothermal circulation. Our data suggest that the change of mantle temperature along the SEIR not only regulates the magma supply, but also the hydrothermal activity. The distribution of hydrothermal plumes from a ridge segment to another implies secondary controls such as the presence of fractures and faults along the axis or in the axial discontinuities. We conclude from these results that hydrothermal activity along the SEIR is controlled by magmatic processes at the regional scale and by the tectonics at the segment scale, which influences the type of hydrothermal circulation and leads to various chemical compositions. Such variety may impact global biogeochemical cycles, especially in the Southern Ocean where hydrothermal venting might be the only source of nutrients.
Published: 2017
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122. A discussion on the tectonic implications of Ediacaran late- to post-orogenic A-type granite in the northeastern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia

Author: Robinson, F., Bonin, B., Pease, V., Anderson, J., Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Department of Geological Sciences, Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Earth and Environment [Boston], and Boston University [Boston] (BU)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017
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123. LiteBIRD: Mission Overview and Focal Plane Layout

Author: Nagasaki, T., Nagata, R., Nakajima, M., Nakamura, S., Namikawa, T., Naruse, M., Natsume, K., Arnold, K., Borrill, J., Chendra, R., Cukierman, A., de, Haan T., Dobbs, M., Dominjon, A., Elleflot, T., Errard, J., Fujino, T., Goeckner-wald, N., Halverson, N., Harvey, P., Hill, C., Hilton, G., Holzapfel, W., Hori, Y., Hubmayr, J., Ichiki, K., Inatani, J., Inoue, M., Irie, F., Irwin, K., Jeong, O., Kashima, S., Keating, B., Kida, Y., Nishino, H., Kimura, K., Kohri, K., Komatsu, E., Kuo, C. L., Kuromiya, S., Kusaka, A., Lee, A., Linder, E., Nitta, T., Matsuoka, S., Matsuura, S., Mima, S., Mizukami, K., Morii, H., Morishima, T., Nagai, M., Noguchi, T., Ogawa, H., Oguri, S., Ohta, I. S., Otani, C., Okada, N., Okamoto, A., Okamura, T., Rebeiz, G., Richards, P., Sato, N., Segawa, Y., Sekiguchi, S., Sekimoto, Y., Sekine, M., Seljak, U., Sherwin, B., Shu, S., Stompor, R., Sugai, H., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, A., Tajima, O., Takada, S., Takakura, S., Takano, K., Tomaru, T., Tomita, N., Turin, P., Utsunomiya, S., Uzawa, Y., Watanabe, H., Westbrook, B., Whitehorn, N., Yamada, Y., Yamashita, T., Yoshida, M., Matsumura, Tomotake, Akiba, Yoshiki, Chinone, Yuji, Kibe, Y., Kimura, Nobuhiro, Matsuhara, Hideo, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Nishibori, Toshiyuki, Nishijo, Kunitoshi, Noda, Atsushi, Wada, Takehiko, Sakai, Shinichiro, Sato, Yoichi, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Sugita, Hiroyuki, Yamasaki, Noriko, Yoshida, Tetsuya, Yotsumoto, Y., Fuke, Hideyuki, Hattori, Makoto, Hasegawa, M., Hattori, K., Hazumi, M., Takei, Yoh, Inoue, Yuki, Ishino, H., Ishitsuka, H., Karatsu, K., Katayama, N., Kawano, Isao, Kibayashi, A., California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Geological Sciences [BYU], Brigham Young University (BYU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Ottawa [Ottawa], National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Advanced Materials, University of Tokyo, Department of Advanced Materials, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory (RIKEN), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Department of Physics, Nara Women's University, Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Japan Atomic Energy Agency [Ibaraki] (JAEA), Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Advanced Science Research Center and Nuclear Science Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Institute of laser Engineering, Osaka University [Osaka], Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McGill University, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), University of Ottawa [Ottawa] (uOttawa), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, Nanomaterials Research Institute, University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Nanoscience and Surface Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Primordial B-mode, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Lagrangian point, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, law, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Bolometer, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Inflation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cardinal point, TES bolometer, MKID, Satellite, Sky, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Microwave
Abstract: 著者人数: 120名, Accepted: 2016-02-01, 資料番号: SA1150339000
Published: 2016
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124. Upper Mantle Pollution during Afar Plume–Continental Rift Interaction

Author: Janne Blichert-Toft, Barry B. Hanan, Jean-Guy Schilling, David W. Graham, Tyrone O. Rooney, Tanya Furman, Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Department of Geological Sciences [San Diego State Univ] (Geology SDSU), San Diego State University (SDSU), College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Penn State Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), NOAA, National Science Foundation, George H. Deike Jr grant, Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU), Department of Geological Sciences [San Diego], Department of Geosciences, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE)
Subjects: He isotopes, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Sr, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Mantle plume, continental lithosphere, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Asthenosphere, Lithosphere, Hotspot (geology), Ethiopian Rift, Afar mantle plume, Nd, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Pb, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Basalt, Hf, Rift, Plume, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Geology
Abstract: International audience; New Pb, Sr, Nd, Hf, and He isotope data for Quaternary basalts, erupted from Debre Zeyit, Butajira, and the Wonji Fault Belt of the Main Ethiopian Rift, show systematic mixing relationships involving three distinct mantle sources. The Pb, Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic arrays converge in a specific region of isotopic multi-space where they define the composition of the Afar mantle plume (centered about (206)Pb/(204)Pb = 19 center dot 5, (87)Sr/(86)Sr = 0 center dot 7035, epsilon(Nd) = +4 center dot 6, epsilon(Hf) = +9 center dot 3, (3)He/(4)He > 15 R(A)). This plume end-member has an identical composition to that observed previously in oceanic basalts. The distinct isotopic arrays for the various volcanic areas in the Main Ethiopian Rift vary spatially in a systematic manner, and may be viewed as pseudo-binary mixing arrays. This further suggests that the Afar mantle plume interacts with the local continental lithosphere and upper mantle asthenosphere (mid-ocean ridge basalt-like source) through an ordered sequence of mixing events. Simple mixing models require that the mass proportions of continental lithosphere and upper mantle involved in magma generation must be nearly constant within each volcanic area, but that the proportion of plume material decreases regularly with distance southwestward along the Main Ethiopian Rift, away from the central axis of the plume. This systematic behavior means that continental lithosphere can become detached and mixed into the shallow mantle prior to the flow of upwelling plume material beneath the developing rift system. Detachment and mixing into the asthenosphere during continental rift evolution is an important process for producing the range of ambient upper mantle compositions sampled by mid-ocean ridge volcanism away from island hotspots.
Published: 2011
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125. Aerobic bacterial pyrite oxidation and acid rock drainage during the Great Oxidation Event

Author: Andrey Bekker, Carlos Alberto Rosière, Timothy W. Lyons, Olivier Rouxel, Noah J. Planavsky, Lee R. Kump, Kurt O. Konhauser, Ernesto Pecoits, Mark Barley, Stephen J. Mojzsis, Phillip W. Fralick, Stefan V. Lalonde, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Edmonton], University of Alberta, Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Department of Geological Sciences [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia (UWA), University of Federal Minas Gerais, Department of Geology [Thunder Bay], Lakehead University, Instituto de Geociencias, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Geological Sciences [Winnipeg], and University of Manitoba [Winnipeg]
Subjects: Chromium, Geologic Sediments, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Iron, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Weathering, Sulfides, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleoatmosphere, Isotope fractionation, Rivers, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Ultramafic rock, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Great Oxygenation Event, Authigenic, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, 15. Life on land, Bacteria, Aerobic, 13. Climate action, engineering, Sedimentary rock, Pyrite, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract: International audience; The enrichment of redox-sensitive trace metals in ancient marine sedimentary rocks has been used to determine the timing of the oxidation of the Earth's land surface1,2. Chromium (Cr) is among the emerging proxies for tracking the effects of atmospheric oxygenation on continental weathering; this is because its supply to the oceans is dominated by terrestrial processes that can be recorded in the Cr isotope composition of Precambrian iron formations3. However, the factors controlling past and present seawater Cr isotope composition are poorly understood. Here we provide an independent and complementary record of marine Cr supply, in the form of Cr concentrations and authigenic enrichment in iron-rich sedimentary rocks. Our data suggest that Cr was largely immobile on land until around 2.48 Gyr ago, but within the 160 Myr that followed--and synchronous with independent evidence for oxygenation associated with the Great Oxidation Event (see, for example, refs 4-6)--marked excursions in Cr content and Cr/Ti ratios indicate that Cr was solubilized at a scale unrivalled in history. As Cr isotope fractionations at that time were muted, Cr must have been mobilized predominantly in reduced, Cr(III), form. We demonstrate that only the oxidation of an abundant and previously stable crustal pyrite reservoir by aerobic-respiring, chemolithoautotrophic bacteria could have generated the degree of acidity required to solubilize Cr(III) from ultramafic source rocks and residual soils7. This profound shift in weathering regimes beginning at 2.48 Gyr ago constitutes the earliest known geochemical evidence for acidophilic aerobes and the resulting acid rock drainage, and accounts for independent evidence of an increased supply of dissolved sulphate8 and sulphide-hosted trace elements to the oceans around that time1,9. Our model adds to amassing evidence that the Archaean-Palaeoproterozoic boundary was marked by a substantial shift in terrestrial geochemistry and biology.
Published: 2011
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126. Hafnium isotopic variations in East Atlantic intraplate volcanism

Author: Barry B. Hanan, Hans-Ulrich Schmincke, Folkmar Hauff, Janne Blichert-Toft, James B. Gill, Kaj Hoernle, Jörg Geldmacher, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Department of Geological Sciences [San Diego], San Diego State University (SDSU), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), IfM-GEOMAR Leibniz Institute for Marine Sciences, Dynamics of the Ocean Floor, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University [College Station], Department of Geology and Geophysics, Leibniz Institute of Marine Science at the University of Kiel (IFM-GEOMAR), Kiel University, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Council) : Ho 1833/1, Ho 1833/9, Bundesministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung and Technology (BMBF, Federal Ministry of Education and Research), National Science Foundation (NSF), INSU : Institut des Science de l'Univers, DFG : SCHM 250/82-1, GE 1125/1-1, Department of Geology and Geophysics [College Station], Department of Geological Sciences [San Diego State Univ] (Geology SDSU), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Seamount, Geochemistry, Canary Islands, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Volcanism, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Madeira, East Central Atlantic, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Hotspot (geology), 14. Life underwater, 010503 geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Hf-isotopes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Radiogenic nuclide, Subduction, Mantle geochemistry, Volcanic rock, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Intraplate earthquake, Hotspots, Geology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; The broad belt of intraplate volcanism in the East Atlantic between 25A degrees and 37A degrees N is proposed to have formed by two adjacent hotspot tracks (the Madeira and Canary tracks) that possess systematically different isotopic signatures reflecting different mantle source compositions. To test this model, Hf isotope ratios from volcanic rocks from all individual islands and all major seamounts are presented in this study. In comparison with published Nd isotope variations (6 epsilon Nd units), (176)Hf/(177)Hf ratios span a much larger range (14 epsilon Hf units). Samples from the proposed Madeira hotspot track have the most radiogenic Hf isotopic compositions ((176)Hf/(177)Hf(m) up to 0.283335), extending across the entire field for central Atlantic MORB. They form a relatively narrow, elongated trend on the Nd vs. Hf isotope diagram (stretching over > 10 epsilon Hf units) between a depleted N-MORB-like endmember and a moderately enriched composition located on, or slightly below, the Nd-Hf mantle array, which overlaps the proposed "C" mantle component of Hanan and Graham (1996). In contrast, all samples from the Canary hotspot track plot below the mantle array ((176)Hf/(177)Hf(m) = 0.282943-0.283067) and form a much denser cluster with less compositional variation (similar to 4 epsilon Hf units). The cluster falls between (1) a low Hf isotope HIMU-like endmember, (2) a more depleted composition, and (3) the moderately enriched end of the Madeira trend. The new Hf isotope data confirm the general geochemical distinction of the Canary and Madeira domains in the East Atlantic. Both domains, however, seem to share a common, moderately enriched endmember that has "C"-like isotope compositions and is believed to represent subducted, < 1-Ga-old oceanic lithosphere (oceanic crust and possibly minor sediment addition). The lower (176)Hf/(177)Hf ratio of the enriched, HIMU-like Canary domain endmember indicates the contribution of oceanic lithosphere with somewhat older recycling ages of a parts per thousand yen1 Ga
Published: 2010
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127. Physical Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the lower Western Fan (Shenandoah formation) Jezero Crater, Mars:: Results from the Mars 2020 'Delta Front' Campaign

Author: Ives, Libby, Stack‐Morgan, Katie, Gupta, Sanjeev, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Russell, Patrick, Shuster, David L., Williams, Amy, Holm-Alwmark, Sanna, Barnes, Robert, Bell, Jim F., Beyssac, Olivier, Brown, Adrian, Flannery, David, Frydenvang, Jens, Grotzinger, John, Lamb, Michael P., Horgan, Briony, Hurowitz, Joel A., Kalucha, Hemani, Kanine, Oak, Núñez, Jorge, Randazzo, Nicolas, Seeger, Christina, Simon, Justin I., Tice, Michael M., Tebolt, Michelle, Kah, Linda C., Williams, Rebecca M.E., Amundsen, Hans, Annex, Andrew M., Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Headquarters, Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), University of Alberta, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Texas A&M University [College Station], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), and Vestfonna Geophysical
Subjects: jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Shenandoah formatin, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, perseverance, Mars, sedimentology, stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Perseverance rover is exploring a sedimentary deposit within the Late Noachian-aged (4.0-4.8 Ga) Jezero Crater interpreted to be the remnants of a delta. From April 2022 through February 2023, Perseverance investigated the basal 25 m of sediments exposed in the fan’s eastern scarp. Rover instruments collected a suite of imaging, geochemical, mineralogical, and ground-penetrating radar data.Perseverance made detailed observations through two sections of the lower fan ~600 m apart. Similar facies and stratigraphic trends are present in both sections. Each section contains two coarsening-up successions. While some finer-grained units are laterally continuous between the two sections, the coarser-grained bodies that cap each section are laterally discontinuous and do not extend between sections.Both sequences are 10 - 15 m thick. Their lower strata are dominated by sulfate-cemented, planar laminated, very fine- to medium-grained sandstone and siltstone with rare low-angle truncations. Soft-sediment deformation occurs in the form of decimeter-scale lateral folds. Laminae are normally graded. These sequences are capped by meter-scale thick sheets of coarse-grained sandstone, pebbly sandstones, and conglomerates that are variably low-angle cross-bedded, trough cross-bedded, and planar-stratified. Plane beds are massive or normally graded.Two hypotheses for the depositional environment have emerged for this succession: a sub-aerial setting with extensive “overbank” facies and shallow braided channels and a proximal pro-deltaic setting with deposition driven by hyperpycnal flows. These hypotheses will be tested against observations made by Perseverance as it traverses the “Fan Top” and by more comprehensive studies of the “Delta Front” data.
Published: 2023

128. Multi-wheat-model ensemble responses to interannual climate variability

Author: Carlos Angulo, Frank Ewert, Tom M. Osborne, Pramod K. Aggarwal, Senthold Asseng, Pasquale Steduto, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Eckart Priesack, Patrick Bertuzzi, Roberto C. Izaurralde, Dominique Ripoche, Thilo Streck, Joost Wolf, Pierre Stratonovitch, Alex C. Ruane, Richard Goldberg, Robert F. Grant, Taru Palosuo, Iurii Shcherbak, Kenneth J. Boote, Christian Biernath, Garry O'Leary, J. Hooker, Peter J. Thorburn, Joachim Ingwersen, Soora Naresh Kumar, Lee Heng, Maria I. Travasso, Pierre Martre, Katharina Waha, Nicholas I. Hudson, Claas Nendel, Fulu Tao, Christoph Müller, Andrew J. Challinor, Jørgen E. Olesen, Reimund P. Rötter, Davide Camarrano, L. A. Hunt, Sebastian Gayler, Nadine Brisson, Daniel Wallach, Mikhail A. Semenov, Claudio O. Stöckle, Iwan Supit, Jordi Doltra, Jeffrey W. White, Bruno Basso, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] (CCSR), Columbia University [New York], Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida [Gainesville], The James Hutton Institute, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), Leibniz Association, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Water Management Institute, International Water Management Institute, Department of Geological Sciences and W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, CGIAR-ESSP Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading (UOR), Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Landscape & Water Sciences, Department of Environment of Victoria, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Meteorology, Environmental Impacts Group, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Food and Agriculture Organization, Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University (WSU), Earth System Science-Climate Change and Adaptive Land-use and Water Management, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Institute for Climate and Water [Castelnar], Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Production Systems, Modelling European Agriculture with Climate Change for Food Security (MACSUR), JPI FACCE, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Natural resources institute Finland, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), USDA Agricultural Research Service [Maricopa, AZ] (USDA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( GISS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] ( CCSR ), University of Florida, University of Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms), Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux ( LEPSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales ( GDEC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Department of Geological Sciences and Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] ( IAEA ), University of Reading ( UOR ), University of Maryland, Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture ( CESCRA ), Indian Agricultural Research Institute ( IARI ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research ( PIK ), Washington State University ( WSU ), Wageningen University and Research Center ( WUR ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] ( CAS ), Institute for Climate and Water, and Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Temperature sensitivity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Precipitation, 01 natural sciences, modèle de croissance, wheat, uncertainty, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, climate impacts, 2. Zero hunger, Multi-model ensemble, changement climatique, Ecological Modeling, Temperature, Uncertainty, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, Plant Production Systems, Climatology, PRECIPITATION, Climate impacts, Environmental Engineering, interannual variability, Yield (finance), australie, variation interannuelle, Growing season, Climate change, multi-model ensemble, Earth System Science, Interannual variability, blé, température, pays bas, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, WIMEK, précipitation, business.industry, argentine, Simulation modeling, temperature, Global change, 15. Life on land, inde, Climate Resilience, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Klimaatbestendigheid, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, AgMIP, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Leerstoelgroep Aardsysteemkunde, Crop modeling, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Software
Abstract: We compare 27 wheat models' yield responses to interannual climate variability, analyzed at locations in Argentina, Australia, India, and The Netherlands as part of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) Wheat Pilot. Each model simulated 1981-2010 grain yield, and we evaluate results against the interannual variability of growing season temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation. The amount of information used for calibration has only a minor effect on most models' climate response, and even small multi-model ensembles prove beneficial. Wheat model clusters reveal common characteristics of yield response to climate; however models rarely share the same cluster at all four sites indicating substantial independence. Only a weak relationship (R2???0.24) was found between the models' sensitivities to interannual temperature variability and their response to long-term warming, suggesting that additional processes differentiate climate change impacts from observed climate variability analogs and motivating continuing analysis and model development efforts. Compares interannual climate response of 27 wheat models at four locations.Calculates the diminishing return of constructing multi-model ensembles for assessment.Identifies similarities and major differences of model responses.Differentiates between interannual temperature sensitivity and climate change response.
Published: 2016
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129. Error Characterization of Coupled Land Surface-Radiative Transfer Models for Snow Microwave Radiance Assimilation

Author: Ghislain Picard, Yonghwan Kwon, Ally M. Toure, Matthew Rodell, Zong-Liang Yang, Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric model, Water equivalent, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Snow, Radiative transfer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematical physics, Physics, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Snowpack, Grain size, Correlation, Atmospheric modeling, 13. Climate action, Brightness temperature, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Radiance, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Microwave
Abstract: Snow microwave radiance assimilation (RA) or brightness temperature data assimilation (DA) has shown promise for improving snow water equivalent (SWE) estimation. A successful RA study requires, however, an analysis of the error characteristics of coupled land surface-radiative transfer models (LSM/RTMs). This paper focuses on the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) as the land-surface model and on the microwave emission model for layered snowpacks (MEMLS) and the dense media radiative transfer multilayer (DMRT-ML) model as RTMs. Using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cold Land Processes Field Experiment (CLPX) data sets and through synthetic experiments, the errors of the coupled CLM4/DMRT-ML and CLM4/MEMLS are characterized by: 1) evaluating the CLM4 snowpack state simulations; 2) assessing the performance of RTMs in simulating the brightness temperature $(T_{B} )$ ; and 3) analyzing the correlations between the SWE error $(\varepsilon\_\text{SWE})$ and the $T_{B}$ error $(\varepsilon\_T_{B} ) $ from the RA perspective. The results using the CLPX data sets show that, given a large error of the snow grain radius $(\varepsilon\_r_{e} )$ under dry snowpack conditions (along with a small error of the snow temperature $(\varepsilon\_T_\mathrm{snow})$ ), the correlations between $\varepsilon\_\text{SWE}$ and $\varepsilon\_T_{B} $ are mainly determined by the relationship between $\varepsilon\_r_{e}$ and the snow depth error $(\varepsilon\_d_{\mathrm{snow}})$ or the snow density error $(\varepsilon\_\rho_{\mathrm{snow}} ) $ . The synthetic experiments were carried out for the CLPX region (shallow snowpack conditions and the Rocky Mountains (deep snowpack conditions using the atmospheric ensemble reanalysis produced by the coupled DA Research Testbed/Community Atmospheric Model (CAM4. The synthetic experiments support the results from the CLPX data sets and show that the errors of soil (the water content and the temperature, snow wetness, and snow temperature mostly result in positive correlations between $\varepsilon\_\text{SWE}$ and $\varepsilon\_T_{B} $ . CLM4/DMRT-ML and CLM4/MEMLS tend to produce varying RA performance, with more positive and negative correlations between $\varepsilon\_\text{SWE}$ and $\varepsilon\_T_{B} $ , respectively. These results suggest the necessity of using multiple snowpack RTMs in RA to improve the SWE estimation at the continental scale. The results in this paper also show that the magnitude of $\varepsilon\_r_{e}$ and its relationship to $\varepsilon\_\text{SWE} $ are important for the RA performance. Most of the SWE estimations in RA are improved when $\varepsilon\_\text{SWE}$ and $\varepsilon\_r_{e} $ show a high positive correlation (greater than 0.5).
Published: 2015
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130. Unravelling megaturbidite deposition: Evidence for turbidite stacking/amalgamation and seiche influence during the 1601 <scp>ce</scp> earthquake at Lake Lucerne, Switzerland

Author: Flor Vermassen, Maarten Van Daele, Nore Praet, Veerle Cnudde, Catherine Kissel, Flavio S. Anselmetti, Department of Geological Sciences [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Renard Centre of Marine Geology (RCMG), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Climat et Magnétisme (CLIMAG), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Hydrogeology, and Environmental hydrogeology
Subjects: Earthquake, Stratigraphy, seiche, Earthquake lake sediment megaturbidite paleoseismology seiche turbidites, Geology, megaturbidite, 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems, lake sediment, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 550 Earth sciences & geology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, paleoseismology, General Environmental Science, turbidites
Abstract: Megaturbidites are commonly used to reconstruct the seismic history (palaeo- seismology) of areas where large earthquakes occur. However, the depositional mechanisms and sedimentary characteristics of these deposits are not yet fully understood. This study unravels the sequence of sediment deposition that occurred in Lake Lucerne (Vitznau Basin) following the 1601 CE earthquake in central Switzerland. During this event, slope failures were triggered, generat- ing mass flows and turbidity currents that led to the formation of mass- transport deposits and a megaturbidite. These deposits are sampled in 28 sed- iment cores, which are examined with X-ray computed tomography scans (medical and lCT), grain-size analysis and natural remanent magnetisation. This suite of analyses allows a detailed reconstruction of turbidite stacking and amalgamation in the centre of the basin, followed by settling of finer sedi- ments influenced by a lake seiche. Initial deposition of mass-transport deposits is followed by sandy turbidites reaching the depocentre. Some of these turbidite sands can be linked to their source areas, and evidence is found of some turbidites being overridden by mass flows in the peripheral parts of the megaturbidite deposit. Hereafter, sedimentation becomes con- trolled by seiche-induced currents, which rework fine sediments upon deposi- tion, leading to subtle grain-size variations at the base of the seiche- influenced sub-unit and a ponded geometry of the megaturbidite. As the seiche movement dampens, a relatively muddy, homogeneous sub-unit is deposited that drapes the basin plain. Overall, this study provides the first highly detailed sedimentological analysis of megaturbidite deposition in a lake, demonstrating the distinct sedimentological imprint of lake seiching and turbidite amalgamation/stacking. This will improve the recognition and inter- pretation of earthquake-induced megaturbidites in other lake records or iso- lated basins, and demonstrates the value of using (l)CT scans in combination with traditional sedimentological parameters to reconstruct the depositional processes of megaturbidites.
Published: 2023
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131. Fine-scale sedimentary architecture of the upper part of the Jezero western delta front

Author: Gupta, Sanjeev, Bell III, J.F., Caravaca, Gwénaël, Mangold, Nicolas, Stack‐Morgan, Katie, Kanine, Oak, Tate, Christian, Tice, Michael M., Williams, Amy, Russell, Patrick, Núñez, Jorge, Dromart, Gilles, Williams, R, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Barnes, Robert, Annex, Andrew, Paar, Gerhard, Holm-Alwmark, Sanna, Rice, Melissa S., Rice, James, Horgan, Briony, Grotzinger, John, Maki, Justin, Hickman Lewis, Keyron, Kah, Lindah, Shuster, David L., Simon, Justin I., Minitti, Michelle, Siebach, Kirsten, Gasnault, Olivier, Wiens, Roger, Maurice, Sylvestre, Farley, Kenneth A., Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Cornell University [New York], Texas A&M University [College Station], Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Joanneum Research, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Geology Department, Western Washington University, Western Washington University (WWU), School of Earth and Space Exploration [Tempe] (SESE), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Planetary Geosciences Institute [Knoxville], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville]-The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Rice University [Houston], and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars 2020, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, sedimentology
Abstract: International audience; Orbital and rover observations of relict geomorphic features and stratigraphic architectures indicate Mars once had a warmer, wetter climate. Constraining the character, relative timing and persistence of ancient aqueous activity on Mars is possible through detailed interrogation of the stratal geometry of aqueously deposited sedimentary bodies. Such analyses inform interpretations of Martian climate evolution, potential habitability, and search strategies for rocks that might contain potential biosignatures. NASA’s Mars 2020 Perseverance rover mission is seeking signs of ancient life in Jezero crater and is collecting a cache of Martian rock and soil samples for planned return to Earth by a future mission.A prominent sedimentary fan deposit at the western margin of Jezero crater has been interpreted to be a riverdelta that built into an ancient lake basin during the Late Noachian-Early Hesperian epochs on Mars (~3.6-3.8Ga) [1, 2]. The Perseverance rover landed on 18 February 2021 ~2.2 km from the western fan. In March-April 2022, the rover conducted a rapid traverse along the eastern and southeastern side of Jezero fan onlyobtaining a few remote sensing observations along the way. In April 2022, the rover arrived at the base of theancient delta in the Three Forks region of the crater floor adjacent to the delta front (Fig. 1). During the ‘rapidtraverse’ and the exploration of two sections at the delta front - Cape Nukshak and Hawksbill Gap –Perseverance obtained striking images from the Mastcam-Z and SuperCam’s Remote Micro-Imagerinstruments of the stratigraphy exposed stratigraphically higher up in the fan’s erosional front [3]. Images providenew views of the stratigraphy exposed in the erosional front of the western Jezero delta; in particular, showingsections of the delta previously not visible from long distance observations and at much higher resolution.Here, we report its stratigraphy and sedimentology, which provide new constraints on the nature of the fandeposits, and therefore paleoenvironmental implications.
Published: 2023

132. CHARACTERIZING THE FACIES AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE ENCHANTED LAKE OUTCROP IN JEZERO CRATER, MARS

Author: Tebolt, Michelle, Stack‐Morgan, Katie, Goudge, Timothy A., Gupta, Sanjeev, Barnes, Robert, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Brown, Adrian, Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Headquarters, Plancius Research LLC, and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, Enchanted Lake, Mars, stratigraphy, sedimentology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Jezero crater once hosted an open lake system ~3.8 Ga when water is considered to have been abundant on the surface of Mars [1]. A sedimentary delta deposit formed at the western rim of the crater and remains well-preserved on the surface today [1,2]. Studying the stratigraphy of the Jezero delta can be used to better constrain the fluvial and climate history of early Mars [e.g., 2,3].Here we present analysis of the Enchanted Lake outcrop, which is located on the eroded southern margin of the delta deposit (Fig. 1). This outcrop was the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover’s first direct encounter with sedimentary rocks at the base of the delta deposit. Data of this outcrop were first collected from sols ~420-426 of the Perseverance mission. The rover then traversed to the northeast to explore the Hawksbill Gap area before returning to Enchanted Lake for sols ~565-600. This study identifies and characterizes the facies within the Enchanted Lake sedimentary succession, and interprets the paleoenvironment of the outcrop in context with the larger deltaic system.
Published: 2023

133. OVERVIEW OF THE BEDROCK GEOCHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY OBSERVED BY SUPERCAM DURING PERSEVERANCE'S DELTA FRONT CAMPAIGN

Author: Dehouck, Erwin, Forni, Olivier, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Beck, Pierre, Mangold, Nicolas, Royer, Clément, Clavé, Elise, Beyssac, Olivier, Johnson, Jeffrey, Mandon, Lucia, Poulet, François, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Kalucha, Hemani, Gibbons, Erin, Dromart, Gilles, Gasda, Patrick, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Schroeder, Susanne, Udry, Arya, Anderson, Ryan B., Clegg, Samuel, Cousin, Agnès, Gabriel, Travis, Lasue, Jérémie, Fouchet, Thierry, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cédric, Hurowitz, Joel, Núñez, Jorge, Williams, Amy, Russell, Patrick, Simon, Justin I., Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, Roger, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), US Geological Survey [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: jezero crater, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, mars, delta front, geochemistry
Abstract: International audience; In February 2021, the Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars. The crater floor was found to be composed of lava flows and cumulate rocks [1-5]. These magmatic rocks appear to have undergone some limited aqueous alteration; however, it is not clear whether this alteration is related to the lacustrine phase of the crater [1,3,6,7].After completing its exploration of the crater floor, Perseverance reached the foot of the Jezero western fan in late April 2022 (sol ~422). Long-distance images acquired earlier in the mission had already confirmed the deltaic nature of the fan [8], which had long been suspected from orbital observations [9,10]. Between April and December 2022, Perseverance investigated the basal layers of the delta at two locations named Hawksbill Gap and Cape Nukshak, which are ~400 m apart [11]. Here, we present an overview of the geo-chemistry and mineralogy of the delta rocks as observed by SuperCam, and show that these rocks record a diver-sity of past aqueous alteration environments.
Published: 2023

134. SEDIMENTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE LOWER DELTA SEQUENCE, JEZERO CRATER,MARS

Author: Stack‐Morgan, Katie, Gupta, Sanjeev, Tebolt, Michelle, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Ives, Libby, Russell, Patrick, Shuster, David L., Williams, Amy, Holm-Alwmark, Sanna, Barnes, Robert, Bell, Jim F., Beyssac, Olivier, Brown, Adrian, Flannery, David, Grotzinger, John, Horgan, Briony, Hurowitz, Joel, Kalucha, Hemani, Kanine, Oak, Núñez, Jorge, Randazzo, Nicolas, Seeger, Christina, Simon, Justin I., Tice, Michael M., Williams, Rebecca M.E., Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Headquarters, Plancius Research LLC, Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), University of Alberta, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Texas A&M University [College Station], Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], shenandoah formation, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, Mars, stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Sedimentology
Abstract: International audience; In April 2022, the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover arrived at the base of the ancient delta in Jezero crater after completing the first year of its mission exploring and sampling aqueously altered igneous rocks of the present-day crater floor [1]. Perseverance then spent ~200 sols exploring the lower ~25 m of rock exposed within the eastern scarp of the Jezero delta [2], a sedimentary sequence informally named the ‘Shenandoah’ formation. This studydescribes the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Shenandoah formation explored by Perseverance at two sections—'Cape Nukshak’ and ‘Hawksbill Gap’— including a description, interpretation, and depositional framework for the facies that comprise it.
Published: 2023

135. EXPLORING THE JEZERO DELTA FRONT: OVERVIEW OF RESULTS FROM THE MARS 2020 PERSEVERANCE ROVER'S SECOND SCIENCE CAMPAIGN

Author: Williams, Amy, Russell, Patrick, Sun, Vivian Z., Shuster, David L., Stack‐Morgan, Katie, Farley, Kenneth A., del Sesto, Tyler, Kronyak, Rachel E., Bell, Jim F., Beyssac, Olivier, Brown, Adrian J., Caravaca, Gwénaël, Gupta, Sanjeev, Núñez, Jorge, Randazzo, Nicolas, Simon, Justin I., Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plancius Research LLC, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), University of Alberta, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars, mars 2020, sedimentology, stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, delta front campaign
Abstract: International audience; The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater on February 18, 2021, with the mission goals to explore the geology, astrobiological potential, and modern environment of the crater floor and delta, and to collect and cache well-documented samples for Mars Sample Return. After completion of the “Crater Floor” science campaign [1], the rover conducted a rapid traverse (sols 379-414) to the Three Forks region of the crater floor adjacent to the delta front. From here, Perseverance’s second “Delta Front” science campaign (DFC) began on Sol 415, April 20, 2022. The DFC has explored two lobes of the delta front, the neighboring crater floor, and their contact zone, focusing on the lowest geologic exposures composing the Jezero delta (largely mapped within the delta “thin layered unit” [2]). As of January 1, 2023, Perseverance has covered 14325 km of traverse distance and collected 15 rock sample cores, 2 regolith samples, 1 atmospheric sample, and 3 witness tubes, employing a sample pair strategy where each unique sample is paired with a companion sample core from the same location, to enable the construction of two different caches [3]. After sample depot construction at Three Forks, the DFC will conclude upon re-ascent of the delta front, and the next “Delta Top” science campaign will start.
Published: 2023

136. Variability and predictability of West African droughts : a review on the role of sea surface temperature anomalies

Author: Bernard Fontaine, Edward K. Vizy, Marco Gaetani, Fred Kucharski, Andrew Colman, Michael Vellinga, Serge Janicot, Aurore Voldoire, Michela Biasutti, Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes, Elsa Mohino, Carlos R. Mechoso, Cyril Caminade, David P. Rowell, Irene Polo, William K. M. Lau, Lisa Goddard, Javier García-Serrano, Teresa Losada, Juergen Bader, Alberto Arribas, Leonard M. Druyan, Yongkang Xue, Belén Rodríguez-Fonseca, Kerry H. Cook, Departamento Fisica de la Tierra, Astronomía y Astrofísica [Madrid], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Instituto de Geociencias, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Los Angeles] (AOS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Istituto di Biometeorologia [Roma] (IBIMET), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut Català de Ciències del Clima, Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], NCAS-Climate [Reading], Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR)-University of Reading (UOR), Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales [Toledo] (ICAM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] (CCSR), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), Earth Institute at Columbia University, Columbia University [New York]-Columbia University [New York], Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], GSFC Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by Spanish projectsMINECO CGL2011-13564-E and GL2012-38923-C02-01. Support from the U.S. National Science Foundation(Awards SES-1048946, ATM-1036604, AGS-1041477,and AGS-1115506) is gratefully acknowledged. Alsogratefully acknowledged are theGCMmodeling groups,the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison(PCMDI), and the World Climate ResearchProgramme’s Working Group on CoupledModeling (WGCM) for their roles in making availablethe WCRP CMIP5 multimodel dataset. Support of thisdataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Departmentof Energy (DOE). We acknowledge the EUQWECI, PREFACE, and SPECS projects both fundedby the European Commission’s Seventh FrameworkResearch Programme under Grant Agreements 243964,603521, and 308378 respectively. Based on a Frenchinitiative, AMMA was built by an international scientificgroup and is currently funded by a large numberof agencies, especially from France, the United Kingdom,the United States, and Africa. It has been thebeneficiary of a major financial contribution from theEuropean Community’s Sixth Framework ResearchProgramme., Universidad Complutense de Madrid [Madrid] ( UCM ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Universidade Complutense Madrid, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Los Angeles] ( AOS ), University of California at Los Angeles [Los Angeles] ( UCLA ), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory ( LDEO ), Istituto di Biometeorologia [Roma] ( IBIMET ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ( CNR ), Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Reading ( UOR ) -University of Reading ( UOR ), Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales [Toledo] ( ICAM ), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha ( UCLM ), Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] ( CCSR ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology ( MPI-M ), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats ( ICREA ), International Research Institute for Climate and Society ( IRI ), Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts ( PARVATI ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques ( LOCEAN ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Met Office Hadley Centre ( MOHC ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), International Center for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] ( ICTP ), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique ( CNRM-GAME ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of California-University of California, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Monsoons, Monsoon, Oceanography, Climate prediction, Atmospheric Sciences, Mediterranean sea, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Predictability, Climate variability, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Meteorología, Tropics, Tropical variability, Geofísica, Climate Action, Sea surface temperature, Geomatic Engineering, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Teleconnections, Africa, Period (geology), Environmental science, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Oceanic basin, Teleconnection
Abstract: The Sahel experienced a severe drought during the 1970s and 1980s after wet periods in the 1950s and 1960s. Although rainfall partially recovered since the 1990s, the drought had devastating impacts on society. Most studies agree that this dry period resulted primarily from remote effects of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies amplified by local land surface–atmosphere interactions. This paper reviews advances made during the last decade to better understand the impact of global SST variability on West African rainfall at interannual to decadal time scales. At interannual time scales, a warming of the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific/Indian Oceans results in rainfall reduction over the Sahel, and positive SST anomalies over the Mediterranean Sea tend to be associated with increased rainfall. At decadal time scales, warming over the tropics leads to drought over the Sahel, whereas warming over the North Atlantic promotes increased rainfall. Prediction systems have evolved from seasonal to decadal forecasting. The agreement among future projections has improved from CMIP3 to CMIP5, with a general tendency for slightly wetter conditions over the central part of the Sahel, drier conditions over the western part, and a delay in the monsoon onset. The role of the Indian Ocean, the stationarity of teleconnections, the determination of the leader ocean basin in driving decadal variability, the anthropogenic role, the reduction of the model rainfall spread, and the improvement of some model components are among the most important remaining questions that continue to be the focus of current international projects., This work was supported by Spanish projects MINECO CGL2011-13564-E and GL2012-38923-C02-01. Support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (awards ATM-1036604 and AGS-1041477) is gratefully acknowledged.
Published: 2015
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137. A statistical analysis of three ensembles of crop model responses to temperature and CO2 concentration

Author: Joost Wolf, Xinyou Yin, Pierre Martre, Zhengtao Zhang, H. K. Soo, Manuel Marcaida, Nadine Brisson, Patrick Bertuzzi, Soo-Hyung Kim, Yan Zhu, Roberto C. Izaurralde, L. A. Hunt, Maria I. Travasso, Christian Baron, James W. Jones, R.E.E. Jongschaap, T. Palosuo, Daniel Wallach, Jerry L. Hatfield, Christian Biernath, G. De Sanctis, Senthold Asseng, H. Yoshida, Donald S. Gaydon, Edmar Teixeira, Davide Cammarano, Alex C. Ruane, C. Nendel, T. Hasegawa, Thilo Streck, Garry O'Leary, Upendra Singh, Frank Ewert, Delphine Deryng, R. Goldberg, Bas A. M. Bouman, Peter J. Thorburn, Tao Li, Roberto Confalonieri, Myriam Adam, Jes Olesen, Reimund P. Rötter, Tamon Fumoto, Patricio Grassini, Joachim Ingwersen, Robert F. Grant, Katharina Waha, James Williams, Fulu Tao, Eckart Priesack, Pramod K. Aggarwal, Liang Tang, Sebastian Gayler, Jordi Doltra, L. Heng, Christoph Müller, J.G. Conijn, Iwan Supit, S. Naresh Kumar, Iurii Shcherbak, Jeffrey W. White, Hendrik Boogaard, Kenneth J. Boote, David Makowski, Federico Sau, Jean-Louis Durand, Mikhail A. Semenov, Claudio O. Stöckle, Marc Corbeels, Steven Hoek, Simone Bregaglio, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Philippe Oriol, Anthony Challinor, R. A. Kemanian, Carlos Angulo, Pasquale Steduto, Bruno Basso, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Dennis Timlin, J. Hooker, Samuel Buis, Maria Virginia Pravia, Françoise Ruget, Dominique Ripoche, Simona Bassu, Pierre Stratonovitch, Jon I. Lizaso, Balwinder Singh, Tom M. Osborne, Paul W. Wilkens, Agronomie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), International Rice Research Institute [Philippines] (IRRI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Int Rice Res Inst, Los Banos, Philippines, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), International Water Management Institute, Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, CGIAR, Institute of Crops Science and Resource Conservation INRES, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Geological Sciences and W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Department of Geological Sciences [East Lansing], Agroclim (AGROCLIM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Soil Ecololgy, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Center for Geo-information, Alterra, Department of Agronomy, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Cassandra Lab, University of Milan, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The James Hutton Institute, CGIAR ESSP Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Embrapa Cerrados, Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre, Tsukuba, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), Agriculture Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), WESS Water and Earth System Science Competence Cluster, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Departement of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System-University of Nebraska System, National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Centre for Geo-Information, Agriculture Department, University of Reading (UOR), Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Institute of Landscape System Analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), College of the Environment, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Department Produccion Vegetal, Fitotecnia, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Department of Economic Development Jobs, Transport and Resources, Grains Innovation Park, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Walker Institute, NCAS Climate, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Soil Ecology, Department Biologia Vegetal, Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Department of Geological Sciences and W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre [Inde] (CIMMYT), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), College of the Environment, School of Environmental and Forest Science, University of Washington [Seattle], FAO Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa [Addis Ababa, Ethiopie] (FAO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University (WSU), Plant Production Systems and Earth System Science, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sustainable Production, Plant & Food Research, ARS Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, CIRN, Institute for Climate and Water, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Agriculture, Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers (ARCHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension, Texas A&M University System, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University (BNU), Metaprogramme ACCAF, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida [Gainesville], Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation INRES, International Rice Research Institute, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Beijing Normal University, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, University of Bonn (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères ( P3F ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales ( GDEC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale ( UMR TETIS ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ) -AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Department of Geological Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA, UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes ( EMMAH ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Invergowrie, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] ( SEE ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Agro-ecologyand Sustainable Intensification of Annual Crops, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), University of East Anglia [Norwich] ( UEA ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ), National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( GISS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] ( IAEA ), University of Reading ( UOR ), UMR 1248 Agrosystèmes et Développement Territorial (AGIR), Agro-ecology and Sustainable Intensification of Annual Crops, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid ( UPM ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research ( PIK ), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture ( CESCRA ), Indian Agricultural Research Institute ( IARI ), PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Geological Sciences, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre ( CIMMYT ), International Fertilizer Development Center ( IFDC ), Food and Agricultural Organization ( FAO ), Washington State University ( WSU ), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers ( ARCHE ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, and Texas A and M University ( TAMU )
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, 01 natural sciences, Statistics, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Climate change, Crop model, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Triticum, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Mathematical model, Air, Forestry, Regression analysis, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Rendement des cultures, Plant Production Systems, Statistical model, Modèle mathématique, Atmosphère, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, Yield, Crop Physiology, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Earth System Science, Emulator, Agro Water- en Biobased Economy, Alterra - Centrum Bodem, Precipitation, Croissance, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Meta-model, Changement climatique, Hydrology, Modélisation des cultures, Crop yield, Simulation modeling, Soil Science Centre, 15. Life on land, Température, Laboratorium voor Phytopathologie, Climate Resilience, 13. Climate action, Klimaatbestendigheid, Yield (chemistry), Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Laboratory of Phytopathology, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Leerstoelgroep Aardsysteemkunde, Plante de culture, Agronomy and Crop Science, Dioxyde de carbone
Abstract: Ensembles of process-based crop models are increasingly used to simulate crop growth for scenarios of temperature and/or precipitation changes corresponding to different projections of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This approach generates large datasets with thousands of simulated crop yield data. Such datasets potentially provide new information but it is difficult to summarize them in a useful way due to their structural complexities. An associated issue is that it is not straightforward to compare crops and to interpolate the results to alternative climate scenarios not initially included in the simulation protocols. Here we demonstrate that statistical models based on random-coefficient regressions are able to emulate ensembles of process-based crop models. An important advantage of the proposed statistical models is that they can interpolate between temperature levels and between CO2 concentration levels, and can thus be used to calculate temperature and [CO2] thresholds leading to yield loss or yield gain, without rerunning the original complex crop models. Our approach is illustrated with three yield datasets simulated by 19 maize models, 26 wheat models, and 13 rice models. Several statistical models are fitted to these datasets, and are then used to analyze the variability of the yield response to [CO2] and temperature. Based on our results, we show that, for wheat, a [CO2] increase is likely to outweigh the negative effect of a temperature increase of +2 degrees C in the considered sites. Compared to wheat, required levels of [CO2] increase are much higher for maize, and intermediate for rice. For all crops, uncertainties in simulating climate change impacts increase more with temperature than with elevated [CO2]. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015
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138. Chemical zonation in olivine-hosted melt inclusions

Author: Alberto E. Saal, John M. Eiler, Edward M. Stolper, Yunbin Guan, Alessandro Fabbrizio, M. E. Newcombe, M. Le Voyer, Youxue Zhang, Chi Ma, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Department of Geological Sciences [Providence], Brown University, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Carnegie Institution for Science
Subjects: Basalt, Olivine, Diffusion, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Mineralogy, Liquidus, engineering.material, Chemical zonation, law.invention, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, engineering, Geospeedometry, Melt inclusions, Crystallization, Inclusion (mineral), Volatiles, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Significant zonation in major, minor, trace, and volatile elements has been documented in naturally glassy olivine-hosted melt inclusions from the Siqueiros Fracture Zone and the Galapagos Islands. Components with a higher concentration in the host olivine than in the melt (e.g., MgO, FeO, Cr2O3, and MnO) are depleted at the edges of the zoned melt inclusions relative to their centers, whereas except for CaO, H2O, and F, components with a lower concentration in the host olivine than in the melt (e.g., Al2O3, SiO2, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, S, and Cl) are enriched near the melt inclusion edges. This zonation is due to formation of an olivine-depleted boundary layer in the adjacent melt in response to cooling and crystallization of olivine on the walls of the melt inclusions, concurrent with diffusive propagation of the boundary layer toward the inclusion center. Concentration profiles of some components in the melt inclusions exhibit multicomponent diffusion effects such as uphill diffusion (CaO, FeO) or slowing of the diffusion of typically rapidly diffusing components (Na2O, K2O) by coupling to slow diffusing components such as SiO2 and Al2O3. Concentrations of H2O and F decrease toward the edges of some of the Siqueiros melt inclusions, suggesting either that these components have been lost from the inclusions into the host olivine late in their cooling histories and/or that these components are exhibiting multicomponent diffusion effects. A model has been developed of the time-dependent evolution of MgO concentration profiles in melt inclusions due to simultaneous depletion of MgO at the inclusion walls due to olivine growth and diffusion of MgO in the melt inclusions in response to this depletion. Observed concentration profiles were fit to this model to constrain their thermal histories. Cooling rates determined by a single-stage linear cooling model are 150–13,000 °C h−1 from the liquidus down to ~1,000 °C, consistent with previously determined cooling rates for basaltic glasses; compositional trends with melt inclusion size observed in the Siqueiros melt inclusions are described well by this simple single-stage linear cooling model. Despite the overall success of the modeling of MgO concentration profiles using a single-stage cooling history, MgO concentration profiles in some melt inclusions are better fit by a two-stage cooling history with a slower-cooling first stage followed by a faster-cooling second stage; the inferred total duration of cooling from the liquidus down to ~1,000 °C ranges from 40 s to just over 1 h. Based on our observations and models, compositions of zoned melt inclusions (even if measured at the centers of the inclusions) will typically have been diffusively fractionated relative to the initially trapped melt; for such inclusions, the initial composition cannot be simply reconstructed based on olivine-addition calculations, so caution should be exercised in application of such reconstructions to correct for post-entrapment crystallization of olivine on inclusion walls. Off-center analyses of a melt inclusion can also give results significantly fractionated relative to simple olivine crystallization. All melt inclusions from the Siqueiros and Galapagos sample suites exhibit zoning profiles, and this feature may be nearly universal in glassy, olivine-hosted inclusions. If so, zoning profiles in melt inclusions could be widely useful to constrain late-stage syneruptive processes and as natural diffusion experiments.
Published: 2014
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139. Helium isotopic textures in Earth's upper mantle

Author: Christophe Hémond, David W. Graham, Janne Blichert-Toft, Francis Albarède, Barry B. Hanan, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Department of Geological Sciences [San Diego State Univ] (Geology SDSU), San Diego State University (SDSU), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences [San Diego], Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: Length scale, Basalt, Composition of the mantle, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Mesoscale meteorology, Partial melting, Mantle processes, Mineralogy, Mid-ocean ridge, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Geophysics, Mantle (geology), Mid-oceanic ridge processes, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Radiogenic isotope geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Eclogite, Magma genesis and partial melting, Isotopes of helium, Geology
Abstract: We report He-3/He-4 for 150 mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) glasses from the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR). Between 81 degrees E and 101 degrees E He-3/He-4 varies from 7.5 to 10.2 R-A, encompassing more than half the MORB range away from ocean island hot spots. Abrupt transitions are present and in one case the full range occurs over similar to 10 km. Melting of lithologically heterogeneous mantle containing a few percent garnet pyroxenite or eclogite leads to lower He-3/He-4, while He-3/He-4 above similar to 9 R-A likely indicates melting of pyroxenite-free or eclogite-free mantle. Patterns in the length scales of variability represent a description of helium isotopic texture. We utilize four complementary methods of spectral analysis to evaluate this texture, including periodogram, redfit, multitaper method, and continuous wavelet transform. Long-wavelength lobes with prominent power at 1000 and 500 km are present in all treatments, similar to hot spot-type spectra in Atlantic periodograms. The densely sampled region of the SEIR considered separately shows significant power at similar to 100 and similar to 30-40 km, the latter scale resembling heterogeneity in the bimodal distribution of Hf and Pb isotopes in the same sample suite. Wavelet transform coherence reveals that He-3/He-4 varies in-phase with axial depth along the SEIR at similar to 1000 km length scale, suggesting a coupling between melt production, He-3/He-4 and regional variations in mantle temperature. Collectively, our results show that the length scales of MORB He-3/He-4 variability are dominantly controlled by folding and stretching of heterogeneities during regional (similar to 1000 km) and mesoscale (similar to 100 km) mantle flow, and by sampling during the partial melting process (similar to 30 km).
Published: 2014
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140. Cobalt and marine redox evolution

Author: Stephen J. Mojzsis, Noah J. Planavsky, Andrey Bekker, Olivier Rouxel, Kurt O. Konhauser, Elizabeth D. Swanner, Stefan V. Lalonde, Andreas Kappler, Leslie J. Robbins, Mak A. Saito, Center for Applied Geoscience [Tübingen] (ZAG), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University [New Haven], Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Edmonton], University of Alberta, Department of Geological Sciences [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Géosciences Marines (GM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Department of Geological Sciences [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, engineering.material, Hydrothermal circulation, shale, Precambrian, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, trace element proxies, fungi, Trace element, Authigenic, Anoxic waters, cobalt, pyrite, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, iron formation, engineering, Sedimentary rock, Seawater, ocean redox, Pyrite, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Cobalt (Co) is a bio-essential trace element and limiting nutrient in some regions of the modern oceans. It has been proposed that Co was more abundant in poorly ventilated Precambrian oceans based on the greater utilization of Co by anaerobic microbes relative to plants and animals. However, there are few empirical or theoretical constraints on the history of seawater Co concentrations. Herein, we present a survey of authigenic Co in marine sediments (iron formations, authigenic pyrite and bulk euxinic shales) with the goal of tracking changes in the marine Co reservoir throughout Earth's history. We further provide an overview of the modern marine Co cycle, which we use as a platform to evaluate how changes in the redox state of Earth's surface were likely to have affected marine Co concentrations. Based on sedimentary Co contents and our understanding of marine Co sources and sinks, we propose that from ca. 2.8 to 1.8 Ga the large volume of hydrothermal fluids circulating through abundant submarine ultramafic rocks along with a predominantly anoxic ocean with a low capacity for Co burial resulted in a large dissolved marine Co reservoir. We tentatively propose that there was a decrease in marine Co concentrations after ca. 1.8 Ga resulting from waning hydrothermal Co sources and the expansion of sulfide Co burial flux. Changes in the Co reservoir due to deep-water ventilation in the Neoproterozoic, if they occurred, are not resolvable with the current dataset. Rather, Co enrichments in Phanerozoic euxinic shales deposited during ocean anoxic events (OAE) indicate Co mobilization from expanded anoxic sediments and enhanced hydrothermal sources. A new record of marine Co concentrations provides a platform from which we can reevaluate the role that environmental Co concentrations played in shaping biological Co utilization throughout Earth's history.
Published: 2014
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141. Geochemical and isotopic evidence bearing on the origin of large, igneous-textured inclusions in ordinary chondrites

Author: Ruzicka,Alex, Snyder,Gregory A., Taylor,Lawrence A., and Planetary Geosciences Institute, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Tennessee/Planetary Geosciences Institute, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Tennessee/Planetary Geosciences Institute, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Tennessee
Abstract: Geochemical and isotopic data for large, igneous-textured inclusions in ordinary chondrites suggest that the inclusions formed by the melting of diverse precursors, and that various inclusions had different origins. Some inclusions were metasomatized (chemically altered) and metamorphosed, and many appear to have degassed argon in late shock events. The inclusions can be subdivided into two chemical groups, Na-rich (Na/Al>0.35 at.) and Na-poor (≤0.35), which may have originated in different ways. The major-and trace-element abundances of Na-rich inclusions are best explained by these inclusions having formed by the shock-melting of ordinary chondrites, often accompanied by loss of FeNi-metal and sulfide and by preferential melting and accumulation of an albitic feldspar component. In contrast, there is no evidence that shock-melting was involved in the formation of Na-poor inclusions, which have compositions that were largely controlled by vapor-fractionation processes. It is suggested that the precursors to Na-poor inclusions consisted of mixtures of vapor-fractionated materials in a system of condensed phases that chemically resembled CI-chondrites, except for being depleted in volatile-lithophile elements and in metal and sulfide. Sodium-poor inclusions can be subdivided into two types, Trend A and Trend B, which differ in their trace-element characteristics, in the nature of their compositional variations, and in their inferred precursors. Trend A Na-poor inclusions are enriched in refractory elements, and could have formed by the melting of mixtures containing a chondritic (CI-like) component and a refractory (Al-rich, CAI-like) component. Trend B Na-poor inclusions are enriched in elements of intermediate volatility (Si) and appear to have formed from precursors that lost both a refractory (Mg-rich, olivine-rich) and a volatile component. The precursors to these inclusions could have been produced by the removal of an olivine-rich condensate during fractional condensation, or by the condensation of Si-rich gases during fractional vaporization.
Published: 2000

142. Reflectance of Jezero crater floor: 2. Mineralogical interpretation

Author: Mandon, Lucia, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Royer, Clément, Beck, Pierre, Fouchet, Thierry, Johnson, Jeffrey, Dehouck, Erwin, Le Mouélic, S., Poulet, François, Montmessin, Franck, Pilorget, Cédric, Gasnault, O., FORNI, Olivier, Mayhew, L., Beyssac, O., Bertrand, T., Clavé, E., Pinet, P., Brown, A., Legett, C., Tarnas, J., Cloutis, E., Poggiali, G., Fornaro, T., Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, R., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plancius Research LLC, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Winnipeg, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)
Subjects: Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; The Perseverance rover landed in the ancient lakebed of Jezero crater, Mars on February 2021. Here we assess the mineralogy of the rocks, regolith, and dust measured during the first year of the mission on the crater floor, using the visible and near-infrared spectrometer of SuperCam onboard the Perseverance rover. Most of the minerals detected from orbit are present in the bedrock, with olivine-bearing rocks at the bottom of the stratigraphy and high-Ca pyroxene-bearing rocks at the top. This is distinct from the overall low-Ca pyroxene-bearing composition of the watershed of Jezero, and points towards an igneous origin. Alteration mineral phases were detected in most of the rocks analyzed in low proportions, suggesting that aqueous alteration of the crater floor has been spatially widespread, but limited in intensity and/or time. The diverse aqueous mineralogy suggests that the aqueous alteration history of the crater floor consists of at least two stages, to form phyllosilicates and oxyhydroxides, and later sulfates. We interpret their formation in a lake or under deeper serpentinization conditions, and in an evaporative environment, respectively. Spectral similarities of dust with some rock coatings suggest widespread past processes of dust induration under liquid water activity late in the history of Jezero. Analysis of the regolith revealed some local inputs from the surrounding rocks. Relevant to the Mars Sample Return mission, the spectral features exhibited by the rocks sampled on the crater floor are representative of the diversity of spectra measured on the geological units investigated by the rover.
Published: 2023
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143. Origin of vestoids suggested from the space weathering trend in the visible reflectance spectra of HED meteorites and lunar soils

Author: Hiroi,Takahiro, Pieters,Carle M., and Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University/Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University
Abstract: The extended visible reflectance spectra of asteroid 4 Vesta and Vestoids (R. BINZEL and S. Xu, Science, 260,186,1993) have been compared with the space weathering trend of HED meteorites and lunar soils. In accordance to our previous study (T. HIROI et al., Icarus, 115,374,1995), many Vestoids show more weathered visible reflectance spectra than those of Vesta and HED meteorites. The Vestoids outside the HED-lunar space weathering trend tend to have orbits which require large ejection velocities if they came from Vesta. This result suggests that the Vestoids off the HED-lunar space weathering trend are quite distinct from the other Vestoids and may come from other asteroid(s), such as the projectile which collided with Vesta and excavated the majority of Vestoids inside the Vesta family.
Published: 1998

144. Insights into the Sedimentary Record and Processes of the Western Delta of Jezero crater (Mars) as observed by the Mars 2020 rover Perseverance. (Invited)

Author: Caravaca, Gwénaël, Mangold, Nicolas, Gupta, Sanjeev, Stack, Kathryn, Núñez, Jorge, Dromart, Gilles, Kanine, Oak, Tate, Christian, Minitti, Michelle, Sholes, Steven, Tice, Michael M., Nachon, Marion, Siebach, Kirsten, Grotzinger, John, Flannery, David, Simon, Justin I., Horgan, Briony, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Shuster, David L., Williams, Amy, Russell, Patrick, Farley, Kenneth A., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Cornell University [New York], Planetary Geosciences Institute [Knoxville], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville]-The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Texas A&M University [College Station], Rice University [Houston], Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), American Geophysical Union, and CARAVACA, Gwénaël
Subjects: paleoenvironment, shenandoah formation, Mars 2020, sedimentology, stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Jezero crater, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU.ST] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology
Abstract: International audience; Since its landing in Jezero crater in February 2021, the western delta of Jezero has been one of the main targets for the Perseverance rover to explore and sample sedimentary rocks that lead us to better understand the environmental evolution of the region, and could host traces of past biosignatures.During the first year, the rover explored the floor of Jezero crater, focusing on aqueously altered igneous rocks. It also provided the opportunity to remotely observe the main delta front and its remnants (e.g., the Kodiak butte). This allowed us to distinguish several beds of sandstones (with local occurrences of boulders up to 30 cm) arranged into bottomsets, foresets and topsets morphologies. This tripartite geometry and steep slopes of foresets are characteristic of a Gilbert-type delta, formed by the deposition of fluvial sediments prograding into a standing body of water, here a paleolake whose level can be constrained by the transition from the foresets to topsets. Massive beds of boulder conglomerates (with boulders up to 1.5 m) have also been observed at or close to the top of many locations along the delta’s front, hinting at a transition to higher energy flows. Collectively, these elements argue for a polyphase complex depositional history of the delta through time.The toe of the current delta front was reached by the rover on Sol 422 (April 2022) when Perseverance arrived at the Enchanted Lake outcrop, at the base of the southeastern end of the promontory informally named Cape Nukshak on the distal end of the delta. The first in-place sedimentary rocks that were observed were a succession of thinly-laminated medium/coarse sandstones and mudstones. Then, Perseverance pursued its route towards the delta and started its ascension at Hawksbill Gap to assess the first half of the lower delta succession. Strata at the base of Hawksbill Gap are mostly composed of fine to coarse-grained rocks ranging from mudstones to granule conglomerates, displaying planar to low-angle cross-stratifications.These fine-grained detrital rocks are likely to have been deposited by fluvial to deltaic processes. There, the rover collected the first sets of paired sedimentary rock samples (coarse sandstone to micro-conglomerate) that will represent the fine- and coarse-grained lower delta succession once returned to Earth.
Published: 2022

145. Fine-Scale Sedimentary Architecture of the Jezero Western Delta Front

Author: Gupta, Sanjeev, Bell, Jim F., Caravaca, Gwénaël, Kanine, Oak, Mangold, Nicolas, Stack, Kathryn, Tate, Christian, Tice, Michael M., Williams, Amy, Russell, Patrick, Núñez, Jorge, Dromart, Gilles, Williams, Rebecca M. E., Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Barnes, Robert, Annex, Andrew, Paar, Gerhard, Holm-Alwmark, Sanna, Rice, Melissa S., Rice, James, Horgan, Briony, Grotzinger, John, Maki, Justin, Hickman-Lewis, Keyron, Kah, Linda, Shuster, David L., Simon, Justin I., Minitti, Michelle, Siebach, Kirsten, Gasnault, Olivier, Wiens, Roger, Maurice, Sylvestre, Farley, Kenneth A., Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Cornell University [New York], Texas A&M University [College Station], Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Joanneum Research, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Geology Department, Western Washington University, Western Washington University (WWU), School of Earth and Space Exploration [Tempe] (SESE), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Planetary Geosciences Institute [Knoxville], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville]-The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Rice University [Houston], and American Geophysical Union
Subjects: gibert-delta, Jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, sedimentology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, sedimentary architecture
Abstract: International audience; A key exploration target for the Perseverance rover mission is a sedimentary fan deposit at the western margin of Jezero crater, which has been interpretated to be a river delta that built into a lake basin during the Late Noachian-Early Hesperian epochs on Mars (~3.6-3.8 Ga). Images from the Mastcam-Z and SuperCam Remote Micro-Imager instruments provide striking views of the stratigraphy exposed in the fan’s erosional front. Here, we report its stratigraphy and sedimentology, which place constraints on the nature of the fan deposits and their paleoenvironmental implications.Multiple Mastcam-Z mosaics show spectacular views of the stratigraphy of a prominent embayment in the delta scarp that has been informally named Hawksbill Gap, the lower section of which the rover is investigating and sampling. The prominent cliffs of the eastern and western margin of Hawksbill Gap show distinctive stratal geometries with complex stratigraphic relations. The basal succession comprises poorly exposed thinly bedded, planar laminated sandstones that are interpreted as the deposits of low-density turbidity currents. A locally prominent, resistant unit named Rocky Top comprises planar stratified pebbly sandstones also likely to be high-density turbidite deposits. The stratigraphic mid-sections of the scarps are characterized by packages of decameter-scale inclined tabular strata. These tabular beds are locally conglomeratic but predominantly comprise finer-than-conglomerate lithologies, likely pebbly sandstones. Interstratified within these are poorly sorted matrix-supported conglomerates interpreted to be debris flow deposits. The inclined strata are overlain across a sharp truncation surface by generally planar parallel thin-bedded horizontal strata that we interpret as topset beds. Conglomerate beds containing bouldersare located within the overlying topset strata. The stratal patterns are broadly consistent with deposition in a Gilbert-type delta setting with basal strata representing deposition from sediment gravity flows, inclined strata representing foreset beds, and overlying topset beds deposition from fluvial processes in a delta top environment. The boulder conglomerates indicate sediment-transport on the delta top by episodic high-discharge floods.
Published: 2022

146. A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

Author: J. P. Grotzinger, D. Y. Sumner, L. C. Kah, K. Stack, S. Gupta, L. Edgar, D. Rubin, K. Lewis, J. Schieber, N. Mangold, R. Milliken, P. G. Conrad, D. DesMarais, J. Farmer, K. Siebach, F. Calef, J. Hurowitz, S. M. McLennan, D. Ming, D. Vaniman, J. Crisp, A. Vasavada, K. S. Edgett, M. Malin, D. Blake, R. Gellert, P. Mahaffy, R. C. Wiens, S. Maurice, J. A. Grant, S. Wilson, R. C. Anderson, L. Beegle, R. Arvidson, B. Hallet, R. S. Sletten, M. Rice, J. Bell, J. Griffes, B. Ehlmann, R. B. Anderson, T. F. Bristow, W. E. Dietrich, G. Dromart, J. Eigenbrode, A. Fraeman, C. Hardgrove, K. Herkenhoff, L. Jandura, G. Kocurek, S. Lee, L. A. Leshin, R. Leveille, D. Limonadi, J. Maki, S. McCloskey, M. Meyer, M. Minitti, H. Newsom, D. Oehler, A. Okon, M. Palucis, T. Parker, S. Rowland, M. Schmidt, S. Squyres, A. Steele, E. Stolper, R. Summons, A. Treiman, R. Williams, A. Yingst, MSL Science Team, Osku Kemppinen, Nathan Bridges, Jeffrey R. Johnson, David Cremers, Austin Godber, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, Mark Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Peret, Penelope King, Jennifer Blank, Gerald Weigle, Shuai Li, Kevin Robertson, Vivian Sun, Michael Baker, Christopher Edwards, Kenneth Farley, Hayden Miller, Megan Newcombe, Cedric Pilorget, Claude Brunet, Victoria Hipkin, Richard Léveillé, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George Cody, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees, Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, Marc Gailhanou, Frances Westall, Guy Israël, Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh, Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Eric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, René Pérez, Muriel Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens-Aparicio, Javier Caride Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez Gómez, Javier Gómez-Elvira, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez-Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, F. Javier Martín-Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora-Sotomayor, Guillermo Muñoz Caro, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla-García, José Antonio Rodriguez Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Josefina Torres Redondo, Roser Urqui-O’Callaghan, María-Paz Zorzano Mier, Steve Chipera, Jean-Luc Lacour, Patrick Mauchien, Jean-Baptiste Sirven, Heidi Manning, Alberto Fairén, Alexander Hayes, Jonathan Joseph, Robert Sullivan, Peter Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Noureddine Melikechi, Alissa Mezzacappa, Julia DeMarines, David Grinspoon, Günther Reitz, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, Maria Genzer, Ari-Matti Harri, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko, Walter Schmidt, Tero Siili, Cécile Fabre, James Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, Gale Paulsen, David Bish, Brigitte Gondet, Yves Langevin, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux, Gilles Berger, Alain Cros, Claude d’Uston, Olivier Forni, Olivier Gasnault, Jérémie Lasue, Qiu-Mei Lee, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Etienne Pallier, Yann Parot, Patrick Pinet, Susanne Schröder, Mike Toplis, Éric Lewin, Will Brunner, Ezat Heydari, Cherie Achilles, Brad Sutter, Michel Cabane, David Coscia, Cyril Szopa, François Robert, Violaine Sautter, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Marion Nachon, Arnaud Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, François Raulin, Samuel Teinturier, James Cameron, Sam Clegg, Agnès Cousin, Dorothea DeLapp, Robert Dingler, Ryan Steele Jackson, Stephen Johnstone, Nina Lanza, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, Richard B. Williams, Andrea Jones, Laurel Kirkland, Burt Baker, Bruce Cantor, Michael Caplinger, Scott Davis, Brian Duston, Donald Fay, David Harker, Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, Megan R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, Liliya Posiolova, Michael Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Robert Zimdar, Katherine Louise French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, Fred Goesmann, Walter Goetz, Stubbe Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, Elly Breves, M. Darby Dyar, Caleb Fassett, Laurence Edwards, Robert Haberle, Tori Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Melinda Kahre, Leslie Keely, Christopher McKay, Lora Bleacher, William Brinckerhoff, David Choi, Jason P. Dworkin, Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, James Garvin, Daniel Glavin, Daniel Harpold, David K. Martin, Amy McAdam, Alexander Pavlov, Eric Raaen, Michael D. Smith, Jennifer Stern, Florence Tan, Melissa Trainer, Arik Posner, Mary Voytek, Andrew Aubrey, Alberto Behar, Diana Blaney, David Brinza, Lance Christensen, Lauren DeFlores, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory Flesch, Insoo Jun, Didier Keymeulen, Michael Mischna, John Michael Morookian, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken, John J. Simmonds, Nicole Spanovich, Manuel de la Torre Juarez, Christopher R. Webster, Albert Yen, Paul Douglas Archer, Francis Cucinotta, John H. Jones, Richard V. Morris, Paul Niles, Elizabeth Rampe, Thomas Nolan, Martin Fisk, Leon Radziemski, Bruce Barraclough, Steve Bender, Daniel Berman, Eldar Noe Dobrea, Robert Tokar, Timothy Cleghorn, Wesley Huntress, Gérard Manhès, Judy Hudgins, Timothy Olson, Noel Stewart, Philippe Sarrazin, Edward Vicenzi, Mark Bullock, Bent Ehresmann, Victoria Hamilton, Donald Hassler, Joseph Peterson, Scot Rafkin, Cary Zeitlin, Fedor Fedosov, Dmitry Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, Maxim Litvak, Alexey Malakhov, Igor Mitrofanov, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, Vasily Prokhorov, Anton Sanin, Vladislav Tretyakov, Alexey Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, Ruslan Kuzmin, Benton Clark, Michael Wolff, Oliver Botta, Darrell Drake, Keri Bean, Mark Lemmon, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Ella Mae Lee, Robert Sucharski, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, Juan José Blanco Ávalos, Miguel Ramos, Myung-Hee Kim, Charles Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan-Peter Muller, Rafael Navarro-González, Ryan Ewing, William Boynton, Robert Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, Karl Harshman, Shaunna Morrison, Onno Kortmann, Amy Williams, Günter Lugmair, Michael A. Wilson, Bruce Jakosky, Tonci Balic-Zunic, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, Kjartan Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, Morten Bo Madsen, Susan Louise Svane Stipp, Nick Boyd, John L. Campbell, Glynis Perrett, Irina Pradler, Scott VanBommel, Samantha Jacob, Tobias Owen, Hannu Savijärvi, Eckart Boehm, Stephan Böttcher, Sönke Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, César Martín García, Reinhold Mueller-Mellin, Robert Wimmer-Schweingruber, John C. Bridges, Timothy McConnochie, Mehdi Benna, Heather Franz, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, Sushil Atreya, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, Nilton Rennó, Michael Wong, Robert Pepin, Beverley Elliott, John Spray, Lucy Thompson, Suzanne Gordon, Ann Ollila, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth Nealson, Radu Popa, Jeffrey Moersch, Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough, Ed Cloutis, Inge Loes ten Kate, Daniel Scholes, Susan Slavney, Thomas Stein, Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey Berger, John E. Moores, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), US Geological Survey [Santa Cruz], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Princeton University, Department of Geological Sciences [Bloomington], Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences [Providence], Brown University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), State University of New York (SUNY), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Department of Physics [Guelph], University of Guelph, Space Remote Sensing Group (ISR-2), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Earth and Planetary Studies [Washington] (CEPS), Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution-Smithsonian Institution, Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), NASA Headquarters, Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], University of Hawaii, Brock University [Canada], Cornell University [New York], Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carnegie Institution for Science, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, and Petrology
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, Salinity, Extraterrestrial Environment, Nitrogen, General Science & Technology, Iron, Curiosity rover, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Astrobiology, MSL Science Team, Exobiology, MSL, Martian, Multidisciplinary, fluvial-lacustrine environments, Biosphere, Water, Phosphorus, Mars Exploration Program, 15. Life on land, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Carbon, Oxygen, Planetary science, Bays, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, Sample Analysis at Mars, Sedimentary rock, Oxidation-Reduction, Geology, Sulfur, Hydrogen
Abstract: International audience; The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars.
Published: 2014
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147. Do nebular fractionations, evaporative losses, or both, influence chondrule compositions?

Author: Hewins, R.H., Yu,Y., Zanda,B., Bourot-Denise,M., and Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University/Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University/Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle/Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
Abstract: We have made observations and performed heating experiments to determine the relative importance of several processes which may have influenced the compositions of chondrules. As heating destroys nuclei, the number density of olivine and pyroxene crystals gives an indication of the extent of melting. We determined number densities of Semarkona type I chondrules and converted them to nominal grain size, for use as a measure of intensity of heating. Bulk compositions of the chondrules show correlations with nominal grain size. Na, K, Fe, Ni, P and S decrease as grain size (degree of melting) increases, and we interpret this as evidence of evaporative loss. The evidence is less clear for Mn, Cr and Si. SiO_2/MgO ratios show very large variations even in fine-grained type I chondrules containing FeS, and we interpret those variations as due to nebular fractionations affecting precursors. Experiments show that Na and S losses increase with higher temperatures and lower cooling rates. It is hard to preserve any sulfide at all, without flash heating. Na, however, can be retained at close to chondritic levels (as in type II chondrules) with flash heating and high cooling rate, provided also that the oxygen fugacity is high. Type II chondrules can retain much more Na than type I under identical thermal conditions, because of higher fO_2 (either due to non-nebular gas or possibly internal buffering by FeO content) and melt structure (higher SiO_2/MgO). Gas reduction experiments show that type II compositions can be converted to IB by Fe loss, but evaporative loss of SiO_2 (so as to approach IA composition) is not achieved without prolonged isothermal heating. Precursors of type I and II chondrules were probably close to chondritic in composition, but with higher Fa in the type II case. They consisted of olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, Fe (Ni) S and carbon compounds, probably with insignificant metal. Sulfur loss generated much chondrule metal in ordinary chondrites. C is a possible alternative to gas reduction to explain dusty relict grains and the lower olivine Fa in the more melted type I chondrules. We agree with J. N. GROSSMAN and J. T. WASSON (Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 47,759,1983) that variations in Mg/Si are due to nebular fractionations and with S. HUANG et al. (Icarus, 122,316,1996) that variations in Na and Fe in type I chondrules are mainly due to evaporative losses.
Published: 1997

148. Reduced lattice thermal conductivity of Fe-bearing bridgmanite in Earth's deep mantle: Reduced Conductivity of Fe-Bridgmanite

Author: Lin, Jung-Fu [Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas USA] (ORCID:0000000201635329)
Published: 2017
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149. Improved moving window cross-spectral analysis for resolving large temporal seismic velocity changes in permafrost: IMPROVED MWCS FOR PERMAFROST MONITORING

Author: Screaton, E. [Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida USA] (ORCID:0000000254569046)
Published: 2017
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150. Pb and Hf isotope variations along the Southeast Indian Ridge and the dynamic distribution of MORB source domains in the upper mantle

Author: Arnaud Agranier, Barry B. Hanan, Janne Blichert-Toft, David W. Graham, Francis Albarède, Christophe Hémond, Kaan Sayit, Department of Geological Sciences [San Diego], San Diego State University (SDSU), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Department of Geological Sciences [San Diego State Univ] (Geology SDSU), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: Pb and Hf isotopes, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, Southeast Indian Ridge, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Mantle plume, spatial statistics, Mantle convection, Geochemistry and Petrology, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Transition zone, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Basalt, mantle heterogeneity, Crust, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Lead and Hf isotope data for a suite of closely spaced (5-10 km) basalt glasses, sampled over a distance of ∼1140 km along the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) between 88°E and 100°E, confirm the presence of ancient heterogeneous mantle beneath the Indian Ocean. The Pb isotopes show a non-Gaussian, "fat tail" distribution that is bimodal. The paired Hf and Pb isotope data, combined with previously published data, define two populations that reveal the presence of compositional streaks within the upper mantle. The number and density of the streaks follow a Poisson distribution where the characteristic streak thickness is ∼20 km. The mantle 'unit' giving rise to each MORB sample represents a 'mixture of mixtures' with a multi-stage mixing history. There is no correlation of K/Ti or Na8 with Pb or Hf isotope ratios, and both domains encompass both N- and E-MORB sources, ruling out two different regimes of melting in a homogeneous source. Apparently, mantle convection has folded together distinct composite reservoirs of heterogeneous mantle, and stretched them into streaks that remain coherent and discernable units. The Hf and Pb isotope data reveal the presence of two distinct DUPAL mantle components in the upper mantle. The isotope signature of component 1 resembles a continental lithosphere source having Pb isotope composition similar to Karoo picrites (erupted at ∼180 Ma). This component likely originated by mixing of Kaapvaal cratonic lithosphere and/or lower crust with the asthenosphere through mantle plume-lithosphere interaction during the early rifting stages of Gondwana. Component 2 likely originated from mixing of recycled oceanic lithosphere plus sediment with the asthenosphere (which had been previously contaminated by component 1) during the upwelling of Indian Ocean mantle plumes over the last 180 Ma. The variation in Pb and Hf isotopes along the SEIR reveals that, while the two DUPAL components are spatially distributed in a Poisson fashion, and therefore well-mixed, their relative proportions are spatially variable in the Indian Ocean upper mantle.
Published: 2013
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