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In this article we have studied the conflict around scientific discourses as power speeches in two environmental conflicts in the city of Cordoba, Argentina - Pueblos Unidos and Vudas against Porta company. We have worked with 20 in depth interviews combining content analysis and discourse analysis techniques. From the analysis emerge two body configurations: First, environmental affected that refers to the contaminated bodies and to the conflictive relation with the scientific discourse that, articulated with the interests of capital does not account for the affliction presented by the bodies. Second, the existence of healthy bodies, free of pollution and the denunciation of scientific discoursed for manipulating the studies in order to sustain the idea of pollution. In conclusion, the scientific discourse functions as a discourse of power that goes through the struggles. The different configuration of bodies in each case is explained as an effectuation of the singular articulation that has occurred between the different fractions of capital and the scientific discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lago Agrio was formed as a city around the first oil station in the Amazon, while Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas became urbanized around a thriving commercial activity, in the interstices of large-scale cattle ranching. These two nuclei are today two intermediate cities with a high degree of urban dynamism, in which oil and large-scale livestock activities, previously on their periphery, have been integrated into the urban continuum. The purpose of this article is to unravel how violence and disputes around water are reconfigured in the face of urban growth and the formation of new peripheries in cities dominated by extractive activities. The theoretical-methodological framework is based on urban studies to draw up a dialogue with political ecology which, from a territorial viewpoint, explores daily life using anthropological methods, in order to observe what gives rise to environmental suffering and the disputes it triggers. The article concludes that the symbiosis between urban growth, in the absence of wastewater treatment systems, and the prevalence of extractive activities has caused water pollution to intensify in the midst of great environmental suffering. At the same time, however, belonging to the city has also promoted different forms of mediation with the authorities through the demand for urban services. The originality of the article lies in the analysis of a socio-environmental conflict over water, in which the new elements introduced by the dispersed expansion of cities are key, where urban rights give communities a tool to distance themselves from extractive activities to mitigate environmental suffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to identify the degree of knowledge of supermarket food handlers in the metropolitan region of Londrina, in relation to health legislation, and to verify the practical deficiencies in the implementation of these regulations. Fifty (50) employees who work in these establishments participated in the research, directly handling food and animal by-products. The survey was conducted through a questionnaire, and the sampling method was non-probabilistic. The level of knowledge of good handling and manufacturing practices, food safety, microbiological contamination, cross-contamination and food poisoning was evaluated. Most respondents did not have any specific training, and those who did took more than six months to take refresher and / or improvement courses. According to the results of the research, it was possible to conclude that there is a deficiency within the sectors where there are professionals who handle these foods, especially regarding good handling practices. However, it was concluded that it is still necessary to implement and increase the inspection of these sectors to improve the safety and quality of products of animal origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comunicaçõe Geológicas is the property of Laboratorio Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Natural coagulants are natural compounds, such as seeds, mucilage and other compounds based or not based on plants, which have the ability to remove contaminants from water, sewage and effluents. Its use has a strong environmental, economic and social appeal, especially because these are compounds easily found in nature, such as moringa, okra and cactus, and therefore cheap, increasing the quality of life of society and mitigating damage/environmental impact. The aim of this review was to present the different types of natural coagulants, their respective uses and characteristics. This research was elaborated through search in the specialized literature, with about 160 researched articles and 38 effectively used, a research that focuses on discussing the benefits of natural coagulants against chemical coagulants, as well as the implications of different types of natural coagulants in the treatment of water, wastewater and sewage. It was found that the issues involving research on natural coagulants are an environmentally friendly, inexpensive way and an objective to be achieved, given the great demand for water and effluent treatment that occur around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of temperature and rainfall on nutrient levels, heavy metals, and etiologic agents in sludge samples collected at the Sewage Treatment Station of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, was verified over 24 months. The results showed high levels of nitrogen (4.7-5.2%), phosphorus (1.4-2.2%), potassium (0.076-0.106%), magnesium (0.113-0.386%), iron 5.03%) and zinc (38.2-6902.1 mg Kg-1). For most of the investigated samples, the concentration of zinc was above the maximum allowed value (2,800 mg Kg-1). The concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chrome, copper, and lead were below the maximum values allowed by the legislation. Parasitological analyzes identified thermotolerant coliforms (0.49-160 NMP g-1) and helminth eggs (1 egg), however, in amounts less than allowed by legislation. These results are indicative of the efficiency of the sewage treatment process. The results showed a significant influence of the meteorological parameters on the concentrations of nitrogen, copper, lead, zinc and pathogens in the sludge. The results also showed a strong correlation between the concentrations of copper, lead and zinc indicating that the presence of these elements in the sewage sludge has a common origin. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using the investigated matrix as fertilizer when collected in rainy periods when it favors the dilution of the elements present in their soluble forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to analyze and report what is a sporotrichosis and how it makes the domestic animals, to present what are the symptoms, their diagnosis, the forms of prevention and the treatments for a disease, emphasizing their action in the felines, seen which are the animals that most affect the disease. Caused by the fungus Sporotrix Schenkii, it has been more frequently in cats due to various routine habits that make them more vulnerable and prone to contraction. It is a tropical area fun, being able to accompany the different events and humid, considered a risk factor, that is, it can accompany the different species of animals as humans, having as main intermediates the contraction of sporotrichosis and can be acquired. through openings in the skin, scratches, bruises or direct contact with areas contaminated by the fungus. The study was based on scientific articles, which reported an action of the disease on animals in Brazil. Studying is also the sex most often followed, as are the possible forms of diagnosis, symptoms and treatments for the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental problems in graveyard areas are a major issue in contemporary society. Usually located in areas of low economic value and with no previous environmental statute, this activity may result in serious public health complications, mostly related to poisoning of the soil and groundwater bodies. In this regard, the present study conducted a survey of the existing graves in the municipal graveyard of Frederico Westphalen - RS, located in the northwest portion of the Rio Grande do Sul state. This survey ocurred through in loco data collection of the following information: Number, tipe (mausoleum, direct contact with the soil or above the soil), and state of conservation. The preliminary results point to a graveyard area of approximately 4.11 hectares, 2.377 graves, being 991 mausoleums, 1.115 above-ground graves and 271 with direct contact with the soil. Of those three, the one in wich the casket has direct contact with the soil poses a greater threat of poisoning, because of the leaking of necrochorume to the external medium. It is then concluded that the graveyard in general presents some graves where there is direct contact of the body with the soil, but it is important to note that this is in the older area, and this kind of burial is not done anymore. In this sense, is recomended the adoption of the criteria listed in the Resolution of the National Environment Council n° 335/2003" wich dispose on the procedures to the environmental licensing of graveyards, which involves hydrogeological studies of the medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stomatos is the property of Revista Stomatos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O trabalho objetivou determinar as relações existentes entre o uso da terra e a qualidade da água, mediante correlações canônicas existem entre os parâmetros que compõem o IQA e as mudanças nos últimos 30 anos, a partir das imagens de satélite LANDSAT 5, 7 e 8 mediante classificação supervisionada se determinou 6 classes de uso. Para se determinar o IQA na bacia foram coletadas 8 amostras no período de verão e 8 no inverno nos anos de 2015 e 2016 em 3 pontos da bacia, na parte alta, média e na foz. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que os corpos de água sofreram uma diminuição de área que passou de 1,1% para 0,68 % diminuindo em total 0,42%. Referente ao IQA em alguns pontos amostrais foram observados valores abaixo de 51 que se classifica como regular para consumo humano. Encontrou-se correlações entre a diminuição nos valores de DBO pelas áreas urbanas. Diante do exposto, verifica-se a necessidade, de planejamento do uso e ocupação das terras na área da bacia.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os teores de elementos-traço em solos de planícies de inundação e em sedimentos de fundo de rios para identificar áreas contaminadas por esses elementos comparando os teores obtidos em locais com e sem interferência antrópica. Foram amostradas águas superficiais, sedimentos e solos em 80 locais na Bacia do Rio das Mortes, em Minas Gerais, para determinação de Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Mn e Zn. Das 80 amostras, 40 localizavam-se em locais suspeitos de contaminação e 40 em locais-controle, denominados “locais naturais”. Os resultados mostraram que, na Bacia do Rio das Mortes, a agricultura não constitui um fator relevante de incremento dos elementos-traço estudados. Porém, verifica-se grande influência de centros urbanos, industrializados ou não, na dispersão de elementos-traço para o ambiente. Foi verificada contaminação nos solos das planícies de inundação por Pb nos Municípios de Dores de Campos e Prados, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb e Mn em Nazareno e São Tiago, Cr e Ni em São João Del Rei e Cu em Barbacena.

As parasitoses intestinais, devido a sua elevada prevalência e diversidade de manifestações clínicas, representam um problema de grande importância em saúde pública. Na transmissão dos parasitas intestinais, destacam-se o solo, o ar, a água, as moscas, as mãos e os alimentos (incluindo as verduras) como os principais elementos que compõem o ciclo da cadeia epidemiológica das helmintoses e protozooses. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar parasitologicamente as alfaces comercializadas em um Feirão de Ji-Paraná, Rondônia, Brasil. Foi realizada uma pesquisa experimental com 12 amostras frescas de espécies de alface(Lactuca sativa) de variedade crespa, para analises utilizou-se o método de sedimentação espontânea de Hoffman, Pons & Janer (1934). Observou-se que 91,67% das amostras encontram-se contaminadas por enteroparasitas. Os enteroparasitas mais encontrados nas amostras das horta-liças foram: Balantidium coli.(25,00%), Endolimax nana(15,63%), Strongyloides stercolaris (15,63%), Taenia spp.(21,88%), Ancylostomideo spp. (6,25%) e Iodamoeba butschlii(6,25%).Avaliou-se ainda a eficácia de métodos de lavagem, sendo observado que o repouso em hipoclorito de sódio eliminou 100% dos parasitas. Conclui-se que as hortaliças estão impróprias para o consumo humano e não obedecem aos padrões que a legislação vigente propõe, além disso evidenciou-se a importância da correta higienização das hortaliças.

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Scrib. is one of the most serious diseases of bean crops. Inoculation techniques are important to evaluate the resistance of genotypes and control methods at early stages of seedling development. Due to the need for infected seedlings, the objective of the present study was to test different inoculation methods of C. lindemuthianum on bean seeds to verify the the impact on the emergence and early development of seedlings. Seeds of BRS Expedito were inoculated by spore suspension, contact with the pathogen in a water restricted medium, and with PDA discs containing mycelium and spores of the fungus. The experimental design was completely randomized with eight repetitions. Emergence, shoot length and dry mass, and incidence of symptoms of the disease on the hypocotyl and leaf were evaluated. The inoculation methods were effective at causing the infection of the pathogen in the bean seedlings, without affecting emergence, and contact with the pathogen in a water restricted medium was the most effective method.

O queijo de coalho é um produto lácteo típico da região Nordeste do Brasil e amplamente consumido pela população, contudo, a qualidade precária da matéria-prima utilizada associada à ausência de padronização no processo de fabricação torna-o susceptível à contaminação microbiana principalmente por Staphylococcus aureus. Em vista disso, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da quitosana como revestimento e incorporada em queijo de coalho sob a viabilidade de S. aureus e a aceitação sensorial do queijo. Para isso, foram produzidos queijos de coalho com quitosana como revestimento e adicionada à massa nas concentrações 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL e 15 mg/mL e 1 mg/g, 2 mg/g e 4 mg/g, respectivamente. Produtos sem quitosana (C) e com ácido acético 1% (CA) foram usados como controles. A capacidade de inibição bacteriana da quitosana nas amostras artificialmente contaminadas foi avaliada por meio da comparação da contagem de células viáveis de S. aureus (ATCC 6538) em cada tratamento, no decorrer de cinco intervalos de tempo (0, 4, 8, 12 e 16 dias de armazenamento). O produto C foi avaliado quanto ao teor de umidade e gordura. As análises sensoriais e de estabilidade de prateleira foram realizadas com as amostras controles e tratadas com quitosana nas concentrações antibacterianas mais eficientes. As análises sensoriais foram realizadas com 100 consumidores. Verificou-se atividade antimicrobiana de quitosana em todos os tratamentos, porém, as concentrações mais elevadas de quitosana como revestimento e adicionada à massa, 15 mg/mL e 4 mg/g, respectivamente potencializaram a inibição do S. aureus. O teor de umidade e gordura atendeu aos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira em vigor. Quanto à estabilidade, as amostras cumpriram com os limites microbiológicos regulamentares e apresentaram valores de pH, acidez e atividade de água aceitáveis. No que se refere à aceitação sensorial, as pontuações equivaleram a conceitos hedônicos entre “gostei ligeiramente” e ”gostei muitíssimo”, verificando-se melhoria na textura dos produtos com quitosana incorporada. Valores de aceitabilidade foram maiores que 70 %, exceto no quesito sabor dos produtos com quitosana em cobertura, com 68,3 %. Pode-se inferir que a utilização de quitosana como cobertura e incorporada em queijo de coalho é uma alternativa favorável na conservação deste produto evidenciando potencial aplicabilidade comercial.

A crescente necessidade por proteína animal tem exercido pressões no atual sistema produtivo animal. Uma das alternativas encontradas pelos produtores para melhorar o desempenho animal tem sido a utilização de medicamentos veterinários, principalmente os antibióticos. No entanto, seu uso indiscriminado, pode ser um risco ao equilíbrio ambiental dos locais produtores, pois o Brasil possui aproximadamente 42 milhões de cabeça de suínos. Com este rebanho, a atividade suinícola representa um grande potencial de geração de impactos ambientais. Como alternativa de uso para o grande volume dos dejetos líquidos de suínos gerados, muitos produtores vêm utilizando o chorume no solo como biofertilizante. Os resíduos de medicamentos veterinários possuem capacidade de acumulação junto às matrizes ambientais, de serem lixiviados para os recursos hídricos. Neste sentido fazem-se necessários maiores estudos sobre técnicas e processos de tratamento de efluentes orgânicos contaminados por fármacos veterinários. Sistemas alternativos de tratamento de baixo custo e ambientalmente viáveis, são necessidades para a minimização da entrada no ambiente destes contaminantes. Logo, o processo de compostagem que pode ser definido como um processo de decomposição microbiana aeróbia da matéria orgânica pode ser uma alternativa para o tratamento dos efluentes contaminados por fármacos veterinários. O presente trabalho revisional tem como objetivo esclarecer a comunidade acadêmica quanto aos resíduos de medicamentos veterinários e sua potencialidade de contaminação nas diversas matrizes ambientais e avaliar a compostagem como técnica para a minimização dos impactos dos resíduos da atividade suinícola junto ao meio ambiente.

Esta análise das transformações do espaço industrial, no século XX, trata de estabelecer um nexo entre a permanência e alternância das formas fabris, através da sua materialização na relação tempo-espaço. Objetiva-se analisar como o aparato técnico empregado na indústria conformou espaços urbanos e, este aparato, uma vez superado, deixa sua herança no encerramento de um ciclo industrial, no impacto ambiental e social, em áreas urbanas subutilizadas ou negligenciadas. Através de documentações históricas, busca-se analisar como a supressão, acumulação e superposição de trabalhos fabris conformam “rugosidades”, que segundo a visão de Milton Santos, manifestam-se nos rios Tamanduateí e dos Meninos, na linha do trem, em uma edificação religiosa e nas chaminés das indústrias. Estas cristalizações do tempo-espaço, apresentam-se em São Caetano do Sul (SP), suburbio da cidade de S. Paulo, como potencial referência da transformação do espaço urbano, na chegada de um novo ciclo, servindo como estudo para a percepção dos movimentos e eventos que certamente virão.

Abstract Aim: Leaching from mining activities reaches water bodies, causing water contamination and acidification by toxic metals. As a consequence, oxygen depletion occurs, with the disappearance of certain benthic organisms, losses in phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass, and fish mortality. Remediation of contaminated water from mining involves the use of flocculants based on acrylamide monomers and polyacrylamide and of coagulants based on aluminum. Our aim was to assess the aquatic toxicity of the flocculant WF 424 and the coagulant WF 2000 PCA. Methods A flocculant anionic polymer (WF 424) and a coagulant polynuclear complex of polymerized hydro-aluminum ions (WF2000 PCA) were tested for embryotoxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio, FET test - OEDC, 236, 2013). Results After 96 h of exposure to WF424, there was no significant lethality, nor were there sublethal effects such as hatching delay, heartbeat alteration, and malformation in embryonic development, when compared with the control group (p > 0.05). The coagulant compound WF2000 PCA did not show lethal effects during 96 h of exposure, and EC50 was considered as above the highest concentration-level tested. Conclusions For both compounds, no malformation, embryonic development delay or embryotoxicity were observed.

Esse manuscrito tem como objetivo apresentar os impactos ambientais decorrentes da atividade cemiterial tradicional e as questões jurídicas que a envolvem, além de apontar tendências futuras para a destinação dos corpos. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa e exploratória utilizando bibliografia nacional e internacional, sítios eletrônicos e legislações associadas ao assunto abordado. Os resultados dessa pesquisa indicam os cemitérios como um problema para o planejamento urbano sem resolução definitiva a curto prazo. A legislação brasileira, apesar de recente e de impor regras para o estabelecimento desses empreendimentos, ainda apresenta muitas lacunas. Os cemitérios verticais e crematórios têm ganhado espaço nas discussões e se tornaram alternativas consolidadas para a destinação dos corpos, no entanto, o formato tradicional de cemitérios ainda é preferência. Apesar de todos os impasses ambientais e urbanísticos, a destinação de corpos em cemitérios horizontais continuará sendo a principal forma de destinação dos corpos na próxima década.

O Brasil tem se destacado constantemente na criação de aves, ocupando o terceiro lugar mundial em termos de produção e o primeiro em exportação. O Estado de Alagoas, Nordeste do Brasil, aloja um rebanho de 5.301.712, dos quais 1.354.196 são galinhas. A nutrição de aves é um dos aspectos que têm melhorado bastante ao longo dos anos. O percentual de gastos com alimentação na criação de aves representa uma fatia significativa do investimento, de forma que é crescente a utilização de alimentos alternativos que são os subprodutos de matadouros (farinhas de origem animal como as de carne e ossos) como forma de suprir a demanda de minerais e de proteínas, além de reduzir o custo de produção. Contudo, um grande problema enfrentado muitas vezes pelos produtores de aves é a qualidade microbiológica desses produtos, uma vez que os mesmos podem veicular patógenos que causam grandes impactos na criação de aves. Esse trabalho objetivou analisar microbiologicamente as farinhas de carne e ossos (FCO) utilizadas na avicultura industrial no Estado de Alagoas. Foram avaliadas 179 amostras obtidas em fornecedores distintos. Desse total, 49,16% estavam contaminadas por Clostridium perfringens, representando elevado risco quando de sua utilização na alimentação de aves. A quantidade de farinha de carne e ossos contaminadas com esta bactéria é elevada.

The present study aimed to identify the main causes of total condemnation of poultry carcasses, under Federal Inspection in the Brazilian states from 2013 to 2017 and to estimate the economic loss on these condemnations. The Brazilian poultry industry is an international highlight, being the largest exporter and the second-largest producer of chicken meat in the world. In the poultry meat production process, the adopted mechanism to ensure food safety is inspection in industry. If the carcasses showed some kind of health problem order, rendering it unfit for human consumption, they may be totally or partially condemned. The main causes identified of total condemnations were Repugnant Aspect, Contamination, Colibacillosis, and Cachexia. The estimated economic loss for the period in Brazil was US$ 175.56 million. Actions that aim the biosafety at farm, sanitary management protocols and constant training to employees in the industry can contribute to minimizing these productive losses at slaughter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The healthy eating is important for the human being to keep in a balance body, who needs daily nutrients for the supplements of the daily activities routines. Among the diets components are included the green vegetables which are potential nutritional sources due to their constitution. To every the face of which is exposed, it aimed with the very present study the objective was to identify the parasitic structures found in the leafy green vegetables stemed from supermarket, "sacolão" market place, agroecological fair, fair free market and marketed in Montes Claros (MG). Thirty samples of lettuce, arugula and green onions (leafy green vegetables) were analyzed, constituting a completely randomized design with two replications, with distributed amounts in a 5 x 3 factorial arrangement (5 collection sites x 3 green vegetables). After the collection of the green vegetables, they were carried to the parasitology laboratory and analyzed according to the spontaneous sedimentation method. Greater parasitic contamination of Strongyloides stercoralis was found in the arugula collected at the agroecological fair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE is the property of Revista de Enfermagem UFPE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the demographic expansion, the demand in the food production and intense use of pesticides was increased, aiming the high index of production. The exposure of humans to pesticides is a serious public health problem, and there seems insoluble. The objective of this review was to address the impacts caused to the environment and to human health, due to the use of pesticides. A bibliographic review was carried out, with a survey of scientific articles on the use of pesticides in Brazil, from 1997 to 2018, using descriptors such as pesticides, human health, Brazil and contamination. Several pathologies and changes in the human organism were found due to the exposure to pesticides. Rural workers must use basic protection against exposure to pesticides, and the aerial spraying technique must be carried out and programmed correctly, so that the phenomenon of drift is minimized, reducing human and environmental contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was mainly focused on performing analysis of arsenic in stream sediments, soils and rocks in an area at the confluence of Piranhas and Seridó Rivers in Rio Grande do Norte state, northeast of Brazil. The methodology of collecting and preparing samples for analysis followed international standards of quality (QA / QC) and was carried out in conjunction with the Canadian Company Eldorado Gold Corp., through its Brazilian subsidiaries. Arsenic is present in concentrations above reference values in an area that is located upstream of the Oiticica Dam, which is under construction and has a storage capacity of 556 x 106/m³, and will supply a large portion of the population from the State semiarid region where live more than one hundred thousand people, considering only municipalities directly affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urbana (19820569) is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Exact Sciences is the property of Master Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Minas Frescal cheese, which is obtained through milk coagulation, is widely consumed in Brazil, and presents a high moisture content, being a great way for microbial growth. That's why, for its production, it's necessary raw milk's pasteurization, besides good manufacturing techniques and practices following sanitary standards, thus avoiding serious contaminations caused by foodborne illness. Objective: the present study had as objective to evaluate the microbiologic quality of 3 Minas Frescal cheese samples coming from different manufacturing processes. Materials and methods: the microorganisms searched were total and thermotolerants coliforms, S. aureus and Salmonella spp. The origins of the samples were: industry, butchery and homemade/craft production. Results: from the 3 analyzed samples, the results were: the craft production and butchery ones presented above the allowed growth of total and thermotolerants coliforms; the 3 samples showed uncountable atypical colonies growth in the analysis of S. aureus preventing the count of the microorganisms in question; and none of them presented Salmonella spp's growth. Conclusion: thus, considering microbiologic quality, it was possible to conclude that only the industrialized Minas Frescal chesse is within standards given by ANVISA, while the other samples presented unsatisfactory results, which can harm the consumer's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several species of parasites can be found in fish, both in natura and processed, which constitutes a potential risk to public health. The habit of consuming uncooked foods, is growing among populations, which may be associated with the possibility of a higher incidence of parasitic contamination and consumer exposure. In addition, the diseases that were not part of the daily life of several countries, have been introduced by the importation of species of non native fish. While many infections are endemic and tend to cause symptoms like moderate abdominal pain, some cases can be fatal in the absence of proper medical intervention. In addition, they are indicative of poor quality of the fish farming environment and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the raw material. Infections with these parasites can be prevented by both captive / pisciculture care during capture in certified (estuarine) waters of free-living and controlled fish (tanks / cages), as well as proper cooking time and temperature). The present work investigated the literature on parasitic contamination in fish of international cuisine, its characteristics, diseases, levels of contamination, as well as procedures for prevention / control and decontamination, using mild methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Among the meat retailers, the free trade shows are an important means of commercializing this product. In this method of trade meat products are exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions and contrary to legislation. Objective: This study goal was to evaluate the hygienic sanitary conditions in which pig meat is marketed in Goiânia open fairs. Materials and Methods: A total of 71 fairs were visited, in which 45 had one or more stands, totaling 50 stands temperatures analyzed and collected. Only 3 fairs were not found, and 23 didn't encompassed swine huts. Results: A total of 284 compliant items and 716 in noncompliance were found. The average temperatures of pork meat marketed configured in 14.24° C to 23.2° C and chilled in which remained at room temperature. Regarding the stand's infrastructure, 48 (96%) presented poor hygienic conditions in utensils, and 50 (100%) contained no trash cans or a hand basin. It was noted that 47 (94%) had direct contact with cash on manipulation. In 50 (100%) stands, boning was carried out at the sale place, and 45 (90%) were left to be desired in the face contamination and 44 (88%) in the uniform cleaning. Conclusion: The deficiency in the supervision process is characterized by these professionals training lack, denoting guidelines under the risks in which they expose the consumers to the DTA's risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to analyze and determine the economic loss of the main causes of total condemnation of bovine carcasses in slaughterhouses under SIF inspection for the state of Mato Grosso from 2007 to 2017. Among the brazilian federative units, stands out the state of Mato Grosso which slaughtered 48,16 million cattle in the period from 2007 to 2017, corresponds to 18,75% of the national total. The economic loss was determined by multiplying the number of carcasses condemned totally by the average beef yield per carcass (which was 16 arrobas) by the arroba average annual price of beef meat. The main cause of the cases of condemnation total was the contamination and the economic loss was R$ 403,49 million. The factors that are associated with the occurrence of total condemnations of bovine carcasses by contamination are inadequate animal fasting time during the pre-slaughter stage, inadequate animal and carcass washing, and operations failures bleeding, skinning, and evisceration of the carcass. Finally, the other causes were emphysema (R$ 123,90 million), anemic infarction (R$104,98 million), food aspiration (R$88,04 million) and urinary cyst (R$ 72,03 million). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dissemination of Salmonella in small-scale traditional salami production. Six different points of salami processing plant were selected and 20 samples of differents batchs were collected for the microbiological analyzes, totaling 120 samples. All samples were submitted to coliforms 35°C and 45°C counts by MPN and Salmonella detection, except for condiments, where only the presence of the pathogen was investigated. In addition, in the samples collected after smoking the pH was measured. During the salami production, the coliform counts decreased and Salmonella was isolated at all points in the flow chart with the exception of the carcass. The point where there was the high contamination was after healing (35%). Samples of condiments and salami after inlay presented 20% positivity and ground meat and final product presented 10% and 5%, respectively. It was verified that there was the dissemination of the pathogen during the production of salami and this fact occurred mainly due to failures in the food processing besides inadequate procedures of hygiene used during the production operations, being this fundamental step to obtain foods with microbiological quality and which do not pose risks of pathogen transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingeniería Solidaria is the property of Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A problemática relacionada à contaminação dos recursos hídricos superficiais e subterrâneos, associada à falta de monitoramento do ambiente, instigam pesquisadores e profissionais pela busca de novas fontes de informações e métodos que visem promover sua gestão adequada. Deste modo, buscando um maior conhecimento sobre a suscetibilidade à contaminação dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos do município de Frederico WestphalenRio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e suas potenciais fontes de contaminação. Esse trabalho combina as metodologias do Índice de Susceptibilidade (IS) com o sistema Pollutant Origin Surcharge Hydraulically (POSH), por meio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento. Para isto, construiu-se um banco de informações hidrogeológicas com base no Sistema de Informações de Águas Subterrâneas (SIAGAS) do Serviço Geológico do Brasil, para os parâmetros profundidade do nível d’água e o material do aquífero. Ainda, foram levantadas informações de relevo e uso do solo a partir das imagens disponibilizadas pelo United States Geological Survey (USGS). A partir destas informações, foi determinado o IS e aplicado o método POSH para a determinação das fontes potenciais de geração de carga poluidora do aquífero local. Os resultados apresentaram um IS variando entre baixo e muito baixo em 14 % do município, moderado baixo em 55 %, moderado alto em 30% e elevado em 1 %, sendo as maiores classes encontradas ao leste do município principalmente nas áreas de cultivos agrícolas de subsistência. O emprego do método POSH indicou que as fontes potenciais de geração de carga contaminante estão localizadas nas áreas de moderada a alta susceptibilidade à contaminação, sendo essas áreas, mais sujeitas a contaminação de origem difusa, em função dos cultivos anuais, dos mananciais superficiais e subterrâneos. Portanto, conclui-se que as técnicas de Geoprocessamento, aplicadas na associação entre o IS e POSH, otimizam a identificação dos potenciais locais e fontes de poluição das águas subterrâneas, sendo úteis no monitoramento e planejamento do ambiente.

Foram analisados 32 laudos elaborados por peritos do Instituto de Criminalística Leonardo Rodrigues, localizado em Goiânia, no período de 2005 a 2008, oriundos de ofícios encaminhados pela Delegacia Estadual de Investigações Sobre Infrações Contra o Meio Ambiente (DEMA), resultantes de locais de depósitos de resíduos sólidos urbanos em municípios do Estado de Goiás. Os seguintes aspectos foram verificados: se há tratamento de chorume; a distância de mananciais e perímetro urbano; a ocorrência de indiciamento judicial. Todos os locais analisados, apresentavam irregularidade, como falta de estruturas compatíveis com aterros sanitários, conforme as normas da ABNT. As respectivas prefeituras responsáveis pela disposição final do lixo foram tipificadas na Lei de Crimes Ambientais (Lei 9.605/98).

RESUMO: Introdução: Níveis importantes de exposição ao mercúrio associados à ingestão de pescado têm sido demonstrados em populações ribeirinhas residentes em áreas de exploração mineral, como na bacia do Tapajós e do Madeira. Na região do Tocantins, apesar de poucos estudos, não há evidência de exposição humana através da alimentação. Objetivo: Avaliar os níveis de exposição ao mercúrio em famílias de pescadores residentes em área ribeirinha do médio Tocantins, além de quantificar os níveis no pescado consumido por essas famílias. Método: Realizou se um estudo transversal envolvendo famílias de pescadores da comunidade Beira Rio, localizada às margens do Rio Tocantins no município de Imperatriz, Maranhão. Foram coletados dados de perfil sociodemográfico e alimentar, além de amostras de pescado e de cabelo, que foram analisadas através da espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Resultados: O perfil sociodemográfico foi comum ao da população ribeirinha situada em outras bacias. O perfil alimentar não fugiu à regra do padrão, sendo o pescado a principal fonte de proteína da dieta. As espécies de hábitos piscívoro e zooplâncton apresentaram as maiores concentrações de mercúrio, sendo os valores médios do peixe cachorro 0,2775 µg/g e do mapará 0,1360 µg/g. Dentre as 25 famílias avaliadas, a menor concentração média total/família foi 0,186 ± 0,043 µg/g e a maior foi 5,477 ± 2,896 µg/g. Conclusão: Famílias de Imperatriz possuem baixos níveis de exposição em virtude do consumo alimentar de peixes com baixos níveis de contaminação, incluindo as espécies piscívoras, que se encontravam abaixo do limite máximo de segurança para consumo humano estabelecido pelas normas brasileiras, servindo de referência para outros estudos.

The increasing amounts of heavy metals entering aquatic environments can result in high accumulation levels of these contaminants in fish and their consumers, which pose a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. We investigated the concentrations of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) in muscle, liver, and spleen tissues of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans specimens collected from two sites on the Paraopeba River, Brazil. The level of heavy metals concentrations in the tissues was often higher in viscera (i.e. liver and spleen) than in muscle, and thus, the viscera should not be considered for human consumption. Correlations between metal concentrations and fish size were not significant. Although the levels of muscle bioaccumulation of Hg, Cd, Zn, Cr, and Pb, generally do not exceed the safe levels for human consumption, the constant presence of heavy metals in concentrations near those limits considered safe for human consumption, is a reason for concern, and populations who constantly consume fish from polluted rivers should be warned. Our findings also indicate that in a river network where certain areas are connected to other areas with high rates of environmental pollutants, people should be cautious about the regular consumption of fish, even when the fish consumed are caught in stretches of the basin where contamination levels are considered low, since many of the freshwater fish with high commercial value, such as the catfish surubim, are migratory.

ABSTRACT: Listeria monocytogenes is of notable concern to the food industry, due to its ubiquitous nature and ability to grow in adverse conditions. This study aimed to determine the genotypic profile of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from refrigerated chickens marketed in the southern part of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The strains of L. monocytogenes isolated were characterized by serotyping and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Three different serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b and 4e) were evaluated by PFGE, and the macrorestriction patterns utilizing enzymes AscI and ApaI, revealed five different pulsotypes. The presence of such varied genotypic profiles demonstrates the prevalence of L. monocytogenes contamination of chicken processing environments, which combined with ineffective cleaning procedures, allowing the survival, adaptation and proliferation of these pathogens, not only in the processing environment, but also in local grocery stores.

ABSTRACT High contents of plant-available selenium in the soil in the form of selenate, resulting from natural or anthropogenic action, jeopardizes agricultural areas and requires research for solutions to establish or re-establish agricultural or livestock operation, avoiding the risk of poisoning of plants, animals and humans. The purpose was to evaluate sulfur sources in the form of sulfate, e.g., ammonium sulfate, calcium sulfate, ferric sulfate, in the remediation of tropical soils anthropogenically contaminated with Se under the tropical forage grass Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf cv. Marandu. More clayey soils are less able to supply plants with Se, which influences the effects of S sources, but it was found that high soil Se concentrations negatively affected forage biomass production, regardless of the soil. Of the tested S sources, the highly soluble ammonium sulfate and ferric sulfate reduced plant Se uptake and raised the available sulfur content in the soil.