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Dermatosparaxis is a genetic disease that affects collagen maturation. This disease is characterized by marked impairment of the resistance of collagen fibers that leads to skin fragility, and it may affect several species. This is the first report of dermatosparaxis in sheep in Brazil. Clinically, two White Dorper lambs had multiple skin lacerations in the neck, dorsum and limbs. Transmission microscopy demonstrated irregular collagen fibers arranged in hieroglyphic shape and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated thin collagen fibrils that were not arranged in bundles as observed in the normal dermis. These findings are consistent with the diagnosis of dermatosparaxis.

As proteases colagenolíticas são enzimas capazes de hidrolisar as ligações peptídicas de vários tipos de colágeno e têm grande importância na medicina e em aplicações terapêuticas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a produção de proteases colagenolíticas por Bacillus stearothermophilus. Os tratamentos foram realizados por meio de um planejamento fatorial completo 2³, a fim de avaliar a significância dos efeitos e interações das variáveis - pH inicial, concentração de substrato e temperatura - sobre a produção de protease colagenolítica. O ponto central foi executado em quadruplicata para fornecer uma estimativa dos erros experimentais. Ensaios enzimáticos com colágeno e azocaseína como substratos foram realizados para determinação das atividades colagenolítica e proteolítica respectivamente. A maior atividade enzimática colagenolítica foi 79,38 U mL-1, correspondendo a atividade específica de 136,86 U mg-1, em condições iniciais de fermentação, na concentração de substrato a 1% (p/v), pH 7,2 e 25 °C. A atividade proteolítica da enzima foi mais ativa em pH 9,0 e 50 °C e foi estável nas faixas de pH (6,0 - 9,0) e temperatura (45 °C - 50 °C). Bacillus stearothermophilus apresenta viabilidade para a produção de proteases colagenolíticas e a obtenção dessas enzimas tem grande importância para aplicações biotecnológicas.

Objective:To evaluate the expression of the genes COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1 and COL5A1 in the glenohumeral capsule of patients with traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder.Methods:Samples from the glenohumeral capsule of 18 patients with traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder were evaluated. Male patients with a positive grip test and a Bankart lesion seen on magnetic resonance imaging were included. All the patients had suffered more than one episode of shoulder dislocation. Samples were collected from the injured glenohumeral capsule (anteroinferior region) and from the macroscopically unaffected region (anterosuperior region) of each patient. The expression of collagen genes was evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription with quantitative analysis (qRT-PCR).Results:The expression of COL1A1, COL1A2 and COL3A1 did not differ between the two regions of the shoulder capsule. However, it was observed that the expression of COL5A1 was significantly lower in the anteroinferior region than in the anterosuperior region (median ± interquartile range: 0.057 ±0.052 vs. 0.155 ±0.398; p = 0.028) of the glenohumeral capsule.Conclusion:The affected region of the glenohumeral capsule in patients with shoulder instability presented reduced expression of COL5A1.

En este estudio se muestran los resultados de resistencia a la tensión y deformación a la máxima tensión de bioplásticos elaborados con colágeno parcialmente hidrolizado obtenido de las escamas del bocachico (Prochilodum magdalenae), reforzados con cascarilla de arroz al 3%, 5%, y 10%. Se obtuvo el colágeno, se elaboraron los bioplasticos, y se les caracterizó la resistencia y deformación. Los resultados de las pruebas arrojaron que el bioplástico con cascarilla de arroz al 3% presenta una mayor elasticidad pero menor resistencia, el del 5% exterioriza un término medio de resistencia y elasticidad y el del 10% demuestra menor elasticidad pero mayor resistencia. Concluyendo que los bioplásticos al 3% y al 10% son los que presentan mejores propiedades mecánicas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image processing techniques are being widely developed for helping specialists in analysis of histological images and its application is especially useful in obtaining numerical data for the realization of the subsequent statistical analysis. The use of these methods makes the histological analysis of experts more objective and less time-consuming. In this paper we evaluate how well the quantitative methods - color-based image segmentation and stereology - agree on average, and how well they agree for the individuals when they are used to quantify type I and III collagen. Digital images of sections of Salmo salar jaws (5 mm, SiriusRed staining) were analyzed. Collagen quantification was performed by two methods in the same group of images: i) Color Based-Segmentation (K-means algorithm; pixel cluster; ImageJ32 v1.51p) and ii) Stereology (VV; M36; STEPanizer Stereological Tools). They were evaluated 200 images per group. The difference between groups and concordance was analyzed using t-Student (p<0.05) and Blant Altman Comparison Method, respectively. The data analysis of average and individual assessments showed that there is concordance between two methods. In conclusion, stereology and color-based image segmentation are powerful tools which quantify collagen in histological sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El colágeno y el sistema elástico constituyen la arquitectura de la matriz extracelular; además, es la proteína más abundante de los tejidos conjuntivos, como la piel, los tendones y los huesos. Se caracteriza principalmente por su notable resistencia, puesto que posee una fibra de 1 mm de diámetro puede soportar de 10 a 40 kg. Conjuntamente con la matriz extracelular, el colágeno participa en importantes funciones como: rellenar el espacio existente entre las células otorgando resistencia, constituir el medio donde llegan los nutrientes y se eliminan los desechos celulares, y servir de puntos fijos para la migración celular. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión temática es recopilar y comprender la importancia del colágeno en la matriz extracelular, permitiendo al estudiante crear un concepto más amplio acerca de la síntesis y estructura microscópica del colágeno; reconociendo que la microscopia ha permitido visualizar la realidad de la estructura físico- química a gran escala. Métodos: Se desarrolló un revisión bibliográfica con un margen de tiempo entre el año 1987 al 2014; obtenidos a partir de la búsqueda bibliográfica de las siguientes bases de datos: Scielo, Pubmed, Redalyc. Para la gestión y organización de la información se utilizó el programa Mendeley de libre acceso. Resultados: Se obtuvieron alrededor de 28 documentos como artículos y libros, artículos con información oportuna para cumplir con los objetivos de la presente revisión. Conclusiones: la microscopia electrónica ha permitido visualizar a escala todos los elementos de las ciencias biológicas y médicas, desarrollando mayores métodos de investigación a nivel microscópico y estructural. Mediante la microscopía electrónica de barrido se ha demostrado que las células estromales de algunos órganos presentan una forma muy distinta del aspecto fusiforme que se atribuye normalmente a los fibroblastos del tejido conjuntivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder with progressive clinical signs until death, around the second decade of life. Mdx is the most used animal model to pre-clinical studies of DMD. Parameters of exercise on this muscular disease are still unknown. This research aimed to investigate if the low intensity treadmill training would exacerbate the markers of muscle injury, fibrosis, and the composition of the extracellular matrix by type I and III collagens of the mdx model. Dystrophic 11-week-old male mice were separated in exercised (mdxE, n=8) and sedentary (mdxC, n=8) groups. Wild-type mice were used as control (WT, n=8). Exercised group underwent a LIT protocol (9 m/min, 30min, 3days/week, 60 days) on a horizontal treadmill. Gastrocnemius muscle was collected at day 60 and processed to morphological and morphometric analyzes. Sedentary mdx animals presented inflammatory infiltrate and necrotic fibers. Histochemical analysis revealed that the perimysium of the mdxC group is organized into thick and clustered collagen fibers, which generates a larger area of intramuscular collagen fibers for these animals. Histomorphometry attested that fraction area of collagen fibers of mdxC group was higher than mdxE group (p=0.04) and mdxE group values similar to WT group (p=1.00). Centrally located nuclei fibers and the variance coefficient (VC) of minimal Feret's diameter was similar in mdxE and mdxC groups (p=1.00) and both groups presented higher mean values than WT group (p<0.00). Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of type I collagen mainly in the mdxC group. LIT protocol had not exacerbated muscle injuries resulting from the dystrophindeficiency membrane fragility at the same time that had reduced the intramuscular collagen deposition. LIT had positively influenced these markers of dystrophic muscle injury on gastrocnemius muscle of mdx model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Acadêmica: Ciência Animal is the property of Revista Academica: Ciencia Animal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Implant Dentistry is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artigo avalia a eficácia da técnica de microagulhamento associada ao uso tópico do plasma rico em plaquetas em mulheres. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e analítico de revisão bibliográfica com delineamento experimental. Foram selecionadas cinco mulheres entre 40 e 50 anos de idade que apresentaram envelhecimento facial fototipo I a III e escala de envelhecimento 2 a 3. A paciente 1 (grupo controle) submeteu-se apenas à técnica de microagulhamento e as demais pacientes (grupo teste) foram submetidas à associação das duas técnicas. Foram feitas três sessões das técnicas associadas com intervalo de 30 dias entre cada sessão. A diferença na melhora entre os grupos foi perceptível, pois o grupo teste apresentou uma pele mais firme e preenchida; porém, em relação à luminosidade e aspecto global, a melhora foi similar.

A radiação infravermelha (IV) é responsável por até 57% da irradiância que atinge a Terra. Esta radiação, quando em contato com a pele penetra nas camadas profundas aumentando a temperatura em até 40°C, podendo induzir a consequências como elastose e enrugamento. Os efeitos da irradiação IV na conformação e produção de colágeno não têm sido muito estudados. Entretanto, estudos indicam que os efeitos benéficos e maléficos da radiação dependem do número de repetições, do tempo de exposição e da densidade de potência. Este estudo buscou avaliar os efeitos em longo prazo (>24h) da radiação IV, com dois protocolos distintos, um deles a irradiação em três dias consecutivos e o outro em três dias alternados. As voluntárias foram irradiadas com uma lâmpada Philips e os efeitos foram vistos através da espectroscopia Raman confocal. O principal objetivo foi avaliar as variações nos espectros da pele na região da derme nas bandas de prolina e hidroxiprolina, que são devidas ao colágeno e deduzir o que leva a estas mudanças. Foram encontrados resultados diferentes entre os protocolos utilizados.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento de diferentes membranas y materiales para relleno óseo en defectos críticos, en calotas de conejos, mediante microtomografía. Materiales y métodos: En 12 conejos machos de 3 kg se realizaron 4 defectos en la calota craneana, de espesor óseo total. Se los dividió aleatoriamente en tres subgrupos según el tipo de membrana de barrera utilizada. Los defectos se rellenaron con hueso bovino desproteinizado particulado Bio-Oss® (Geistlich-Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Suiza), con hidroxiapatita humana particulada MinerOss® (BioHorizons, Birmingham, AL, Estados Unidos), y con material dentario particulado (Banco de tejidos de Inbiomed S.A., Córdoba, Argentina); el cuarto defecto no se rellenó. Algunos de los especímenes fueron sacrificados a las 4 semanas, y otros, a las 8 semanas. Los niveles de mineralización se evaluaron con microtomografía de alta resolución. Resultados: Los mayores porcentajes de mineralización (media) se registraron al considerar las membranas amniocoriónicas (83,63%), seguidas de las de colágeno (81,44%) y, finalmente, de las membranas fascia lata (80,63%), pero las diferencias no resultaron estadísticamente significativas (p>0,05), por lo que se agrupó a todas estas membranas en un único subconjunto homogéneo (tabla 7). Los sitios injertados con diente descelularizado (96,83%) y Bio-Oss (88,42%) arrojaron los porcentajes de mineralización más elevados, pero sin diferenciarse significativamente entre sí (subconjunto 2); en tanto que MinerOss registró porcentajes de mineralización bajos (76% de media), con valores levemente superiores a los del grupo de cavidades sin relleno agregado (70,33%), por lo que la diferencia entre estos no resultó significativa (subconjunto 1). Cabe aclarar que los materiales del subconjunto 1 se diferenciaron significativamente de los del grupo 2 (tabla 4). Conclusiones: Las tres membranas utilizadas no mostraron diferencias estadísticas entre sí en ninguno de los dos períodos de tiempo. Sí hubo diferencias estadísticas entre los materiales de relleno utilizados; los defectos tratados con diente particulado y con hueso bovino desproteinizado evidenciaron gran cantidad de material calcificado, mientras que los defectos tratados con hidroxiapatita humana y los que no fueron rellenados mostraron menor cantidad. Palabras clave: Amniótica, colágeno, diente particulado, fascia lata, hidroxiapatita, hueso, membranas, microtomografía, regeneración, sustitutos óseos. Abstract Aim: To evaluate the behavior of different membranes and materials for filling bone critical defects in rabbits by micro-tomography. Materials and methods: Four defects were prepared in the cranial cap of 12 3 kg male rabbits of 3 kg, of including total bone thickness. They were randomly divided into three subgroups according to the type of barrier membrane to be used. The defects were filled with the deproteinized bovine bone particulate Bio-Oss® (Geistlich-Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland), with particulate human hydroxyapatite Miner- Oss® (BioHorizons, Birmingham, AL, USA), with particulate dental material (Tissue Bank Foundation, Inbiomed S.A., Córdoba, Argentina), and the last one was left without the addition of filler material. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks. Levels of mineralization were assessed by high resolution micro-tomography. Results: The highest percentages of mineralization (average) were recorded considering the amnio-corionic membranes (83.63%) followed by collagen (81.44%) and finally the fascia lata membranes (80.63%), but the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05) and all membranes could be grouped into a single homogeneous subset (table 7). The sites grafted with decellularized tooth (96.83%) and Bio-Oss (88.42%), recorded the highest percentages of mineralization, but did not differentiate significantly from each other (subset 2). MinerOss showed low percentages of mineralization (76%), with values slightly higher than those recorded in the group of cavities without added filler (70.33%), so that the difference between them was not significant (subset 1). It should be noted that the materials of subset 1 differed significantly from those of group 2 (table 4). Conclusions: The three membranes used did not show statistical differences between them, in any of the two time periods used. There were statistical differences between the filling materials evidencing the presence of a large quantity of calcified material in the defects treated with particulate tooth and with deproteinized bovine bone and while smaller amounts of calcified material was registered in the case of defects treated with human hydroxyapatite and those that were not treated. Key words: Amniotic, bone, bone substitutes, collagen, fascia lata, hydroxyapatite, membranes, micro-tomography, particulate tooth, regeneration.

Context: Desmodium gangeticum (L) DC (Fabaceae; DG), a medicinal plant that grows in tropical habitats, is widely used to treat various ailments including digestive and inflammatory disorders. Aims: To investigate the possible cardioprotective activity of a DG root extract against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced left ventricular cardiac hypertrophy (LVH) in adult Wistar rats. Methods: Daily intraperitoneal administration of ISO (10 mg/kg body weight, single injection) for 7 days induced LVH in rats. The LVH rats were post-treated orally with DG (100 mg/kg body weight) for a period of 30 days. Thereafter, changes in heart weight (HW) and body weight (BW), HW/BW ratio, percent of hypertrophy, collagen accumulation, activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 and -9, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, and the level of an oxidative stress marker, lipid peroxide (LPO), were determined. Results: HW/BW ratio, an indicator of hypertrophic growth, was significantly reduced in DG root post-treated LVH rats as compared with that for the non-treated LVH rats. The altered levels of ventricular LPO, collagen, MMPs-2 and -9, and antioxidant enzymes in the ISO-treated animals reverted back to near normal upon DG treatment. Further, the anti-hypertrophic activity of DG was comparable to that of the standard drug losartan (10 mg/kg). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that the aqueous root extract of DG exhibited anti-hypertrophic activity in-vivo by inhibiting ISO-induced ROS generation and MMP activities.

Peixes cultivados mostram-se altamente sensíveis a dietas deficientes em ácido ascórbico com sinais clínicos que afetam o desempenho e a comercialização por provocar deformidades. Com objetivo de conhecer os níveis mínimos para a melanotênia-maçã, foram testadas seis rações isoaminoacídicas e isocalóricas com níveis variados de vitamina C ativa. Ao final dos 42 dias experimentais, 36 peixes foram analisados histologicamente quanto à porcentagem de tecido conjuntivo e fibras musculares a fim de determinar a influência da porcentagem de Vitamina C nesses índices. Apesar de as médias serem estatisticamente iguais do ponto de vista quantitativo, qualitativamente os níveis mais altos de vitamina C possibilitaram melhor estrutura tecidual. A desestruturação do tecido muscular é um indicativo da deficiência alimentar com ácido ascórbico.

A Catuama® é a associação de quatro extratos hidroalcoolicos obtidos de plantas brasileiras (Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Ptychopetalum olacoides e Zingiber officinale) com conhecida ação neuroprotetora, anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e antidepressiva. O bilobalide é um componente extraído das folhas do Ginkgo biloba, que tem comprovada ação neuroprotetora nos sistemas nervosos central e periférico. O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos da Catuama® e do bilobalide na regeneração nervosa periférica de ratos submetidos à secção do nervo isquiático. Foram utilizados 40 ratos com implante de tubo de silicone preenchido por colágeno líquido, deixando-se um intervalo entre os segmentos nervosos de 10mm. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: o grupo controle (A); os grupos que receberam a Catuama® administrada por via oral nos primeiros 28 dias de pós-operatório, nas doses de 100 (B) e 400mg.kg-1 (C); e o grupo que recebeu o bilobalide na dose de 200µM (D), este, adicionado ao colágeno líquido utilizado no implante de silicone. Os animais foram avaliados na primeira, quinta e décima semanas de pós-operatório pelo teste de marcha. Na décima semana, foi realizada avaliação eletrofisiológica e análises quantitativa e qualitativa dos cortes histológicos de amostras do nervo isquiático e do músculo gastrocnêmio. Em todas as análises utilizadas observou-se excelente regeneração dos nervos, no entanto, não foi encontrada diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os grupos experimentais e controle.

Dermatosparaxia em animais é uma doença autossômica recessiva do tecido conjuntivo caracterizada por fragilidade e hiperextensibilidade cutânea. A doença em ovinos White Dorper é provocada pela mutação c.421G>T no gene ADAMmetalopeptidase com trombospondina tipo 1 motif, 2 (ADAMTS2). O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os achados clínicos, moleculares e histopatológicos da dermatosparaxia em ovinos White Dorper de um rebanho localizado no Centro-Oeste Paulista. O rebanho era composto por nove animais, sendo um reprodutor, quatro matrizes e seus respectivos borregos. Dos nove animais examinados, dois apresentavam sinais clínicos compatíveis com dermatosparaxia. O exame histopatológico de amostras cutâneas das lesões destes dois animais revelou também achados compatíveis com dermatosparaxia, sendo caracterizados por epiderme e anexos cutâneos preservados e sem características atípicas; colágeno displásico arranjado em feixes pequenos, fragmentados e com focos de degeneração, anexos cutâneos proeminentes e na região da derme foco hemorrágico intenso associado a moderado infiltrado neutrofílico na derme profunda. Com o objetivo de realizar o diagnóstico molecular da enfermidade, uma PCR foi padronizada utilizando primers específicos desenhados para amplificar a região do gene ADAMTS2 que continha a mutação c.421G>T e o DNA obtido de amostras de sangue de todos os animais do rebanho. O sequenciamento direto dos produtos da PCR, comprovou que os dois animais clinicamente afetados possuíam a mutação responsável pela dermatosparaxia. A metodologia descrita neste estudo possibilitou o diagnóstico definitivo da doença. Segundo a literatura consultada, esta é a primeira vez que a dermatosparaxia é descrita em ovinos White Dorper no Brasil. A metodologia aqui descrita poderá ser empregada em estudos futuros que avaliem a prevalência desta mutação no Brasil, possibilitando a adoção de medidas que previnam a disseminação dessa mutação no rebanho brasileiro de ovinos White Dorper.

Objetivo: describir el uso del plasma rico en plaquetas autólogo o en combinación con una matriz colágena como posibilidades terapéuticas de revascularización en dientes con ápices abiertos, pulpa necrótica y/o lesión periapical. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda temática de la literatura entre los años 2007 y 2013, por medios electrónicos, bases de datos, revistas y journals con alto impacto en endodoncia. Resultados: la endodoncia regenerativa es un procedimiento biológico diseñado para reemplazar estructuras lesionadas, enfermas o ausentes del complejo pulpo-dentinal. Hay tres factores que guían y permiten la regeneración tisular: células madre mesenquimales (MSC), que pueden diferenciarse y apoyar la continuación en el desarrollo radicular, factores de crecimiento (GF), para la inducción de la proliferación celular y la diferenciación, y un andamio adecuado que brinde soporte y promueva la migración, crecimiento y la diferenciación celular. El colágeno y el plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) han sido reportados como andamios de elección en la regeneración endodóntica, se dice que estimulan la formación de tejido, la organización y la adherencia celular, mejorando el tiempo de tratamiento y de evolución. Conclusiones: en los procedimientos de revascularización, elegir un andamio o soporte tridimensional como el colágeno tipo I o PRP sumado a la inducción de los tejidos periapicales, aumenta las posibilidades de éxito en el tratamiento de regeneración endodóntica gracias a las propiedades que brindan y a la interacción molecular.

Introduction: Cutis Vertis Gyrata (CVG) is a rare pathological entity which mainly affects the scalp. This is characterized by the presence of a "cerebroid" aspect of the scalp. It can occur spontaneously or be secondary to an underlying disease. The resolution of this disease depends on its etiology and reconstructive surgery can be performed only for aesthetic purposes. Case report: An 18 years male patient who for 3 years has had lesions on the scalp without apparent cause and in the absence of other symptoms. On physical examination there is the presence of lesions in the form of sulci and gyri in the scalp. Evolution: Laboratory Exams were ordered such as blood count, blood chemistry and urine exam which were within normal parameters. It was decided to perform a biopsy for pathological analysis finding expansion of pilosebacuem follicle with thickened collagen fibers in dermis confirming the diagnosis of primary CVG giving choice to the patient for surgical repair of the injuries for aesthetic purposes. Conclusion: CVG is a pathological entity with a low grade of incidence and very few bibliographic descriptions and cases reported which is diagnosed with clinical signs, histopathology and discarding underlying diseases that can cause it. Treatment in a primary CVG is only for aesthetic purposes and if is secondary of an underlying disease it should be eradicated to improve the patient's symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Obese mice (C57BL/6J-ob/ob) do not express leptin and develops hyperphagia, decreased energy expenditure, obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypothermia, and infertility. Obesity causes reproductive dysfunction with negative impacts on prostatic structure and fertility. We aimed to compare the structure and molecular aspects of the ventral prostate between of lean and obese (ob/ob) mice. Three months old male lean and obese mice had their prostates dissected and prepared for light microscopy and immunofluorescence. In comparison to the lean mouse, the obese mouse showed a substantial structural modification in the ventral prostate starting with an atrophy of the prostate ventral lobe. Histologically, the acini showed a reduction in size, and in the lumen, we found a mixed secretion PAS positive and negative. Epithelial changes consisted of a hypertrophied acinar epithelium with intraepithelial neoplasia focuses. Also, we observed a marked expression of PCNA and Caspase3 in the epithelium indicating even cellular proliferation as cell death. The stroma showed a high activity of the extracellular matrix remodeling with marked deposition of collagen fibers and smooth muscle cells. Around the ventral region, we observed an increase in the presence of adipose tissue. The expressions of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were present in the ventral prostate of the obese mice indicating inflammation. In conclusion, obesity negatively modulates prostate in ob/ob mice, directly affecting cellular and structural mechanisms necessary for the maintenance of prostate and reproductive structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collagen is the most abundant structural protein found in organs and is responsible for providing tissues with structure and function. In order to investigate in canine uteri the potential effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the changes in collagen deposition were grouped as nulliparous (n=11), multiparous (n=11) and treated with MPA (n=11; nulliparous with two treatments; 5 mg/kg; i.m.). The amount of collagen was studied in the fold and basal regions of the endometrium and myometrium using second harmonic generation with a two-photon spectral confocal microscope, quantified using ImageJ software with a color segmentation plugin, was expressed as fraction area (%) and analyzed by ANOVA (p<0,05). No differences were observed between groups in the fold (p=0,3995) or base (p=0,7392) of the endometrium and myometrium (p=0,1781). In conclusion, our data demonstrate that two doses of MPA (5 mg/kg; i.m.) do not affect the total collagen deposition in canine uteri undergoing contraceptive treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its biocompatibility, handling and industrial production capacity, collagens have been increasingly attractive in the manufacture of scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. The aim of the present work was to present an analysis on the progress in research, development and production of human recombinant collagens, expression systems and their uses in Tissue Engineering. A review of the international scientific peer-reviewed literature in databases such as Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar was done and that relevant to our objective was employed. The development of human recombinant collagens was found to be significant, and currently the expression systems, like bacteria and plants, show advantages over structure quality and biocompatibility, albeit with still restricted yields. However, there is narrow information about its applications in Tissue Engineering, mostly studied for cartilage and bone, in animal models and clinical studies. We did not include patents in the study, thus our findings are limited to scholar data. The present work presents the most recent advances in the engineering of recombinant collagens and their biomedical applications in the manufacture of tissues with potential clinical applications. The potential of recombinant collagens in regenerative medicine is promising and more research is needed that might allow a broad application in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the characterization by the infrared technique, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle of the polymer coatings of the binary mixture of polycaprolactone-chitosan and its modification after addition of collagen were deposited by the technique of Dip Coating on Ti6Al4V alloy; also by the technique of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy were evaluated the Ti6Al4V alloy coated by polymer blends zero days immersion in Simulate Bode Fluid and of adsorptivity calcium to 21 days immersion. Thus, representative effects on the role of collagen to increase the surface roughness, higher values in the polarization resistance of Ti6Al4V, better behavior parameters free energy, atomic adsorption of calcium and the consolidation of a found new interface associated with the monolayer calcium simulated by equivalent circuits and observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gelatina blanca de pata de res (GBPR) is a typical handcrafted sweet, of which there is little scientific information. The aim of this research was to characterize the physicochemical and microbiological properties of GBPR, produced in Andalucia (Valle). The methodology was focused on the quantitative determination of these properties according to the Colombian law. The analyzed samples met the microbiological criteria. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected. However, statistically significant differences were found in the moisture, ash, total nitrogen and protein; as well as in the color parameters (L*, a*, b*). The obtained values of color difference (ΔE > 2.7) among samples provide confirmation that the procedures are not standardized. These results provide important contributions to the handcrafted food industry, highlighting the need to standardize the production and raw materials without compromising long lasting traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Una muestra de 43 entierros de camélidos correspondiente a una ocupación Post Moche (Chimú), que proceden de diferentes contextos funerarios de la Plaza 1 en Huaca de la Luna, fueron sometidos a análisis isotópicos de d13C y d15N obtenidos del colágeno de hueso, de los cuales 21 muestras aportaron mediciones válidas por tener el colágeno diagenéticamente óptimo para estos estudios. Los valores isotópicos de estas muestras provienen en su mayoría de individuos tiernos (3 a 9 meses), indicando que estuvieron consumiendo plantas C4 con alto contenido de nitrógeno, como "maíz" y plantas herbáceas de ambientes áridos cerca a la orilla marina. Estos datos y las evidencias zooarqueológicas indican por lo tanto una cría local de rebaños de camélidos, que no solamente fue para motivos rituales, sino también para el sustento económico de la población local. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]