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Introduction: This study was motivated by the increasing global incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the promising potential of nutraceuticals as complementary therapies in ameliorating its burden. We report the safety profile of Colocasia esculenta tuber extracts, a novel nutraceutical in benign prostate hyperplasia in a rat model. Methods: In our study, forty-five male albino rats were randomly assigned into 9 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 (normal control) received olive oil and normal saline. Group 2 (negative control) received 3 mg/kg of testosterone propionate (TP) and normal saline, group 3 (positive control) received 3mg/kg of TP and 5 mg/kg of finasteride. Our treatments groups 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 received 3 mg/kg of TP and lower dose (100 mg/kg) of LD50 of ethanol crude tuber extract of Colocasia esculenta (ECTECE) or hexane, dichloromethane, butanone, ethylacetate and aqueous fractions of ECTECE respectively for a period of 28 days. Results: The negative controls showed significant (p 0.05) difference in mean relative weights of most vital organs: liver, kidneys and heart. This was also observed in hematological parameters: RBC, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets counts. In general, we note that the effects of the well-established drug finasteride on the biochemical parameters and histology of selected organs are comparable to those of c. esculenta fractions. Conclusion: This study demonstrates safety potential of C. esculenta tuber extract in a rat model.

This study examined the factors that determine U.S. household expenditure patterns for food products in the context of exceptional price shocks due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This research relied on the Consumer Expenditure Diary Survey (CEX) for the year 2020, where households or consumer units represent units of observation. With a sample size of 10,453 observations, the empirical estimation of the Heckman two-step model yields interesting results. Consistent with the inelastic nature of food products, we found conditional expenditure elasticities of income were less than one for all kinds of food, including food away from home (FAFH). The results showed both food and FAFH to be highly price elastic in this special period of higher food prices. For instance, a 1% increase in own price implied a 7.78% decrease in the probability to spend on food and a 20.93% decrease in propensity to purchase FAFH. This study provides business managers and marketing experts with insights on the consumer profile and food product price strategy.

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are metallic chemicals with densities that are higher than that of water. Water pollution by PTEs due to the discharge of untreated pharmaceutical industrial effluents is a risk to human health and ecological integrity. The present review paper provides an overview of the threats to human health due to water contamination by PTEs such as lead, cobalt, cadmium, nickel, and arsenic originating from pharmaceutical industrial wastewater. This review reveals the associated advantages and shortcomings of the outmoded and the modern methods and the challenges involved in addressing the shortcomings. Additionally, due to the increasing amount of uncontrollable pharmaceutical effluents entering the ecosystem, this paper reviewed the management approach supported by the World Health Organization and the Environmental Protection Agency. Studies revealed that PTEs find their way into human bodies through different pathways, which include drinking water, edibles, and dermal vulnerability at intervals. This paper focuses on how pharmaceutical effluents can be handled and how regulations and strategies can be reinforced step by step. To preserve public health and the environment, a comprehensive study on the environmental evaluation of carcinogenic substances, particularly toxic elements and metalloids, should be supported and advocated. To protect living organisms and the welfare of consumers, efforts should be made to reduce the presence of potentially hazardous elements on land and water.

Litter deposition is a major pathway for nutrients returns to soils. Despite the importance of trees in savannas, litter production and nutrient releases from scattered tree stands open space in the ecosystem have been overlooked. The study assessed litter production and organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment potentials from isolated stands of Vitellaria paradoxa, Prosopis africana, Tabebuia pallida and Peltophorum pterocarpum in the greenbelt of University of Ilorin during seasonal transition period. Physiognomic characters were assessed for 25 mature stands of the tree species and litter were collected during the late dry season (February/March) and early rainy season (April/May). Monthly litters were sorted into leaves, twigs, flowers and fruits and bulked for nutrient determination. Prosopis had high stem girth, canopy width and number of branches (0.64 m; 9.85 m and 10). Vitellaria and Tabebuia produced higher leaf litter especially during the dry season (February and March). Peltophorum produced the highest flower litter (41.45 g/m2) in February. Twig litter in Tabebuia (6.50 g/m2) and Prosopis (1.07 g/m2) were highest in March while Peltophorum and Vitellaria were in February (2.64 and 1.04 g/m2). Vitellaria had the highest fruit litter in April (6.79 g/m2). Concentrations of C, N and P in the litter varied across months with ranges of 0.14–4.15%, 0.08–0.73% and 0.20–10.33 mg kg−1dw respectively. Vitellaria litter (in February) returned the highest C while Tabebuia litter (in May) returned the highest N and P. Tabebuia pallida can be incorporated in agroforestry to improve N and P concentrations in soils where these nutrients are limiting.

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Despite the expansive infrastructure of commercial banking in Kenya, a large percentage of the country’s population is excluded from access to formal banking services/products. Further, there is insufficiency of credible information on the manner that digital banking strategies relates to inclusion on access to financial services. Accordingly, this study was in search of bridging the gap with the objective of evaluating the effects of the digital banking strategy on financial inclusion midst commercial banks in Kajiado County (a case of Kenya commercial bank in Kajiado county). This research utilised quantitative methods and espoused descriptive research design. It regarded the 323 Kenya commercial banks outlets (branches and bank agents) in Kajiado County for its target population and obtained a sample size of 179 respondents. A closed-ended questionnaire was administered using drop and pick approach, was developed for gathering data to be acquired from primary sources. This research adopted quantitative analysis approach to yield descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study concludes that at 5% error level, digital banking channels, digital financial infrastructure, convenience of digital financial services, have a statistical positive significant effect on financial inclusion among commercial banks in Kajiado county while digital service offering has a statistically insignificant effect on financial inclusion among commercial banks in Kajiado county. The study recommends that the commercial banks in Kajiado should, provide digital banking services to areas that are not easily accessible, acquire adequate infrastructure facilities and adopt efficient technology, offer simple, cost effective and secure services to their customers and provide wide variety of digital service.

The present study investigated environmental impacts of cement production on surface water quality and vegetation around the vicinity of the industry. A two-year study was conducted covering both wet and dry seasons. Water samples were collected from Akinbo River where the Cement industry discharges its liquid waste/effluents. Samples were analysed for physical and chemical parameters using standard procedures. The vegetation around the factory was studied for chlorophyll, plant density, basal areas and heights of woody species. The study also assessed the health impacts of cement production activities on the workers and the residents around the factory. The health assessment was based on the hospital information obtained from two clinics in the nearby villages. The water quality results revealed high concentrations of Ca and Fe. All the trees sampled around the study area had small basal areas and short heights. There was also a significant reduction in the chlorophyll contents of vegetations around the cement factory. The health study showed a high incidence of upper respiratory tract infections, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, and dermatitis among the cement factory workers. The present study suggests an upward review of the dust-suppressing system in use by the industry for the protection of public health.

Despite the significant positive impact of small and medium-sized enterprises on the economic growth and employment generation, small business enterprises in Kenya are continuously collapsing. The high rate of collapse in threatening their contribution to Kenya’s gross domestic product. Although empirical studies from developed economies have revealed business innovations as the appropriate approach to addressing financial performance of small business, there is scanty documentation on business innovations as being a key determinant of the financial performance of small medium enterprise in Kenya. hence this study which assessed the manner in which the business innovations affects financial performance of Kenyan small medium enterprises. Adopting descriptive research design, the research used the 258 small medium enterprises in Garissa County as its target population from where a sample population of 155 respondents was selected using stratified proportionate random sampling. Data was collected from primary sources using a questionnaire and analysed using quantitative analysis approach to yield descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics with help of SPSS software Version 21.0. The study concludes that at 0.05 (5%) significance level, each of; financial institutional innovation, financial product innovations has positive and moderate statistically significant effect on financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Kenya while each of; marketing innovation and financial process innovations has a statistically strong positively significant effect on the financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Kenya. The research recommends that the financial performance in Kenya should; actively embark on adopting financial institutional innovations for improving their financial performance, embrace financial product innovations, develop and acquire marketing resources and appreciated and support modern financial process innovations.

Kidneys exposure to toxins can cause injuries, leading to their functional impairments. Traditionally, plants have been used for the treatment of renal disorders and numerous medicinal plants have been tested for their nephroprotective effects, in such cases as gentamicin (GM) and cisplatin (Cisp)-induced nephrotoxicity. This study assessed the ability of Acalypha wilkesiana’s extract to counteract its toxic effect based on the biochemical, histological and proinflammatory cytokines components in rats. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups (n=4 each) and administered the following treatments: a) normal control (1 mL/kg body weight normal saline from days 1-10); b) nephrotoxin (GM 120 mg/kg, days 2-7; or Cisp 7 mg/kg on day 3); c) standard drug (120 mg/kg Silymarin plus GM or Cisp, days 1-10); and, d) extract groups (100 or 250 mg/kg, days 1-10 plus GM). Blood samples were collected and subjected to hematological and biochemical evaluations while kidney tissue samples were examined for histopathological alterations, pro- and antioxidants, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results: Treatment of the rats pre-exposed to GM or Cisp with the extract decreased the serum creatinine, urea and MDA levels. The GST and GPx levels were also restored in rats. Glomerular atrophy with tubular epithelial necrosis induced by either nephrotoxin was restored to near normal. The expression of COX-2 following the administration of either nephrotoxin was reversed after treatment with the extract. Conclusion: The A. wilkesiana extract exhibited significant nephroprotective property, which could potentially be regarded as a promising alternative to the management of renal diseases.%%%%This article is published in Iranian Journal of Toxicology and also available at : http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijt.14.4.658.1%%%%KNUST

Need for a review Guidelines for management and prevention of contrast media extravasation have not been updated recently. In view of emerging research and changing working practices, this review aims to inform update on the current guidelines. Areas covered In this paper, we review the literature pertaining to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, risk factors and treatments of contrast media extravasation. A suggested protocol and guidelines are recommended based upon the available literature. Key Points • Risk of extravasation is dependent on scanning technique and patient risk factors. • Diagnosis is mostly clinical, and outcomes are mostly favourable. • Referral to surgery should be based on clinical severity rather than extravasated volume.

Interest in medicinal plant research and usage has risen due to many reported side effects of synthetic drugs and their relatively higher cost. Ocimum americanum (family Lamiaceae) is a commonly used spice in Ghana with the aqueous extracts of leaves, flowers and stem been rich in saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of the aqueous extracts of O. americanum parts on gentamicin- and cisplatin-induced toxicity in rats. In a ten-day experiment, nephrotoxicity was induced with gentamicin (GM; 100 mg/kg b.wt. for 8 days) and cisplatin (Cisp; 6 mg/kg b.wt. for 1 day) after pre-treatment with 250 mg/kg b.wt. of the leaves, stem, and flower extracts of O. americanum and standard drug, silymarin (100 mg/kg b.wt.) for 10 days. The nephroprotective activity was evaluated by assaying the activity of serum kidney function parameter, kidney oxidative stress parameters, kidney inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB and IL-1) and histopathology. The activities of kidney function parameters of animals were significantly increased following Cisp and GM treatment with resultant alteration is kidney microarchitecture, over-expressions of NF-κB and IL1 and kidney oxidative stress markers. Extract pre-treatment restored kidney function to near-normal, downregulating the expressions of IL-1 and NF-κB and improved levels of reduced GSH contents, GPx and SOD activities. However, leaves extract showed the best protection against GM while all extracts showed improved protection (> 50%) against Cisp. Extract of Ocimum americanum exhibit nephroprotective activity and could be developed as a potent kidney protector.

The demand and utilization of petroleum products have re-energized its exploration and exploitation globally and this upsurge in world production, refining and distribution of petroleum products have brought with it various problems of environmental pollution, which have effects on the ecosystems. Twenty (24) polyethylene pots each containing 7 kg of sandy loam soil mixed with 50 ml of crude oil, were arranged in the Botanical garden of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria, to assess their ability to phytoextract heavy metals in Crude oil-polluted soil. Seeds of Amaranthus hybridus L., Tithonia diversifolia, Abelmoschus esculentus L. and Zea mays were sown in polyethylene containers containing 7 kg of contaminated or Control soil. The containers were arranged in a complete randomized design. Plants were left to grow for two months with regular watering. Plants were harvested, separated into roots and shoots and oven-dried to constant weight. The experimental plants have been able to reduce the concentration of Cu in both soils by about 45% to 85%, Cr in the soil by 92.08% to 96.72%, as the residual concentration varied between 66.00 mg/kg and 99.00 mg/kg, Cd in the soil was reduced to 4.00 mg/kg and 17 mg/kg which represented 96.8% and 86.4% reduction. Tithonia had the highest Pb reduction in crude oilpolluted soil. Ni concentration was reduced by 85.84% by Tithonia planted in crude oil-polluted soil, 94.59% by Amaranthus hybridus planted in Control soil. These show that all the test plants were good phytoextractors of the metals. Keywords: Heavy metals, phytoremediation, Amaranthus hybridus L., Tithonia diversifolia, Abelmoschus esculentus L, Zea mays

Liver diseases have continued to be a major health problem in the world’s population with drug-induced liver damage as one of the causes. Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth is an ornamental plant and almost all parts of this plant are of medicinal importance. It exhibits strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and wound healing activities. This study was conducted to assess the hepatoprotective effects of hydroethanolic extract of Tecoma stans (TSE) against acetaminophen- and CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. CCl4 (1 ml/kg body weight dissolved in olive oil) and acetaminophen (500 mg/kg b.wt) was used to induce hepatotoxicity in the animals. Animals were treated with TSE (dose: 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg b.wt) and standard drug, silymarin (100 mg/kg), for 7 days. Biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin (total and indirect), serum proteins (total protein, album and globulin), total cholesterol and triglycerides, creatinine and urea were evaluated. Also, liver histology and oxidative stress assessment were conducted. Significant increases in the major indicators of liver toxicity were observed in the paracetamol and CCl4 only group when compared to the normal. Levels of these biochemical parameters were reduced after the administration TSE (250 mg/kg) and the silymarin (100 mg/kg). The biochemical assessment was supported by histological observations. TSE has shown to possess significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties in the current study.

The use of environmentally benign materials as adsorbent for bleaching palm oil has been revitalize due to loss of significant amount of oil associated with commercial bleaching earth. This paper examined the performance of inactivated shell samples from snail, mussel, periwinkle and the corresponding acid activated samples as an alternative bleaching material for palm oil. Effectiveness of the bleaching process was examined by determining critical process parameters such as degree of bleaching (%), adsorbent dosage (%), and oil retention capacity of the adsorbent. Maximum bleaching performance of 98.70%–96.60% for inactivated samples and 97.79%–95.52% for 0.5 M hydrochloric acid activated samples were obtained at low adsorbent dosage of 9.09 wt.%. The weight percentage of residual oil (1.38–20.08 wt.%) in the spent adsorbent was extremely low for all the samples. Inactivated samples could be a better alternative for commercial adsorbent.

Introduction: Liver fibrosis is one of the most common clinical manifestations of hepatic diseases. However, though many synthetic drugs exist for the treatment and prevention of liver diseases, liver injuries still persist. The present study, therefore, sought to investigate the subacute protective effects of Acalphya wilkesiana against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in animals. Methodology: Liver injury was induced in experimental animals by administering CCl4 (1:1 v/v in olive oil, intraperitoneally (i.p.), twice weekly for 8 weeks) after pre-treatment with extract of A. wilkesiana (AWE). AWE (250 mg/kg) and Silymarin (120 mg/kg) were administered orally (daily for 8 weeks). The hepatoprotective effect was studied by assaying the activity of liver enzymes, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alpha-fetoprotein. The effect of the treatments on liver prooxidants (e.g. malondialdehyde [MDA]) and antioxidants (e.g. superoxide dismutase [SOD], reduced glutathione [GSH], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and glutathione transferase [GST]), as well as inflammatory cytokines (e.g. interleukin [IL]-17, IL-23, nuclear factor kappa beta [NF-kB], and cycloxygenase-1 [COX-1]) and the histology of the liver were also examined. Results: The activity of liver function biomarkers changed significantly upon CCl4 administration; increases in ALT, total and direct bilirubin, and some fibrosis indices (e.g. alpha-fetoprotein and APRI [p

Soils in developing areas have been confirmed by researchers to be contaminated with heavy metals which are a major category of pollutants. Previous projects had been carried out to ascertain different levels of heavy metals in soils but this paper targets heavy metals and degree of pollution of major vegetable farm soils in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State, Northern Nigeria. Therefore, this work aimed at determining the; concentrations of total heavy metals (HMs) and the pollution index of the major vegetable farm soils. Total cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in soils were determined by acid digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. Data generated were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and mean separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% significance. HMs in soils were: Cd (0.00-4.67), Cu (1.71-30.08) and Pb (1.29-82.00) mg/kg with pH range of 6.62-9.33 and pollution index range of Cd (0.00-2.90), Cu (0.86- 11.72) and Pb (0.70-14.30). Some soils showed elevated concentration of Cd and Pb higher than the recommended permissible – limit (Cd=1.00 mg/kg, Pb=70.00mg/kg) with pollution index of HMs ranged from low pollution to very strong pollution (0.00±0.00- 14.30±1.77). The study therefore, suggested that there could be a risk of Cd and Pb associated diseases on the consumption of vegetables planted on some of these soils. Keywords: Heavy metal content, pollution index, vegetable farmsoils, Ilorin metropolis.

Cadmium contamination of agricultural soils is a serious problem due to its toxic effects on health and yield of crop plants. This study investigates the potential of low-dose nano-TiO2 as soil nanoremediation on Cd toxicity in cowpea plants. To achieve this goal, cowpea seeds were germinated on Cd-spiked soils at 10 mg/kg for 14 days and later augmented with 100 mg nTiO2/kg (nTiO2-50 nm and bTiO2-68 nm, respectively). The results showed that chlorophylls were not altered by nano-TiO2 intervention. Cadmium partitioning in roots and leaves was reduced by the applied nano-TiO2 but significantly higher than control. Ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities in roots and leaves were promoted by nano-TiO2 intervention compared to control and sole Cd, respectively. However, magnitudes of activity of enzyme activities were higher in nTiO2 compared to bTiO2 treatments. The enhanced enzymes activity led to reduced malonaldehyde content in plant tissues. The study concludes that soil application of nano-TiO2 could be a green alternative to ameliorate soil Cd toxicity in cowpea plants.

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar-intervention of nano-TiO2 on Cd toxicity in cowpea plants. Cowpea plants were exposed to Cd toxicity at 10 mg/kg soil for 21 days and afterwards, subjected to six episodes of foliar application of nano-TiO2 intervention. Results showed that foliar-applied nano-TiO2 significantly promoted chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents after Cd stress as compared to Cd-stressed plants without the intervention. Interestingly, Cd contents of roots, shoots and grains were significantly reduced (p

The study the examined influence of short term financing on profitability of supermarkets in central business district Nairobi city Kenya. The theoretic appraisal that guided this study was the Cash Conversion Cycle hypothesis. The investigation used descriptive research design. Targetpopulationwas36 outlet managers and bookkeepers of 18 super market outlets in central business district Nairobi city. The study used census methodology. Primary statistics was gathered utilizing questionnaires and secondary statistics was extricated from fiscal reports. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation and data was advance inform of figures, tables and charts. Inferential statistics was prepared using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression in order to inaugurate the relations between short term financing and profitability. The study found that bank overdraft is utilized as a source for short term financing, working capital loans are used to finance daily operations and trade credit as the main source for operating capital in the supermarkets. The results revealed a positive and significant relationship between short term financing and profitability of supermarkets in central business district Nairobi city. The study concluded that short term financing had a significant positive effect on profitability of supermarkets in central business district Nairobi city. Study recommended that supermarkets management should utilize additional trade credit, bank overdraft and working capital loans that will guarantee an expansion in profitability and without endangering the supermarkets to risks related with short term financing. Further recommended that to develop the profitability of the supermarkets the management should focus on factoring, accounts receivable funding, hedging policy as source of short term financing and reducing the cash conversion cycle. Finally the government should offer financial support through credit guarantee schemes and capital grant.

Radon, the heaviest among the noble gases in the periodic table of element is a radioactive nuclide that is naturally available in rocks, soil and water. It has become the subject of many research efforts in recent years due to its leading role in causing cancer. In this study, a total of 68 groundwater samples were collected and assayed using alpha spectrometry with RAD7 radon detector with RAD-H2O accessories manufactured by Durridge CO (USA). The 222Rn concentration measured were in the range of 0.6–36.2 Bq L−1 with an average of 13.33 Bq L−1, 7.0–41.5 Bq L−1 with mean value 23.3 Bq L−1 and 0.6–27.4 Bq L−1 with an average value of 7.4 Bq L−1 for hand dug wells (HDW), hand pumped boreholes (HPB) and motorized boreholes (MBH), respectively. About 54, 86 and 15% of samples from the HDW, HPB and MBH, respectively, exceeded the parametric reference level of 11.1 Bq L−1 suggested by United State of America Environmental Protection Agency but lower than the permissible limit of 100 Bq L−1 by World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union. The average annual effective doses resulting from inhalation and ingestion of radon in water obtained for the three groundwater sources are less than recommended limits by WHO and ICRP. The data obtained from this study are comparable with similar studies conducted in Nigeria and other parts of the world as reported in literature. Continuous radon monitoring in drinking water and indoor environment is however recommended for the study area.

This study was carried out to assess indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria during the rainy (June – July) and dry (November – December) seasons of 2018. IAQ parameters were examined to assess pollutant levels in schools within Akwa Ibom State in single setting only (naturally ventilated classrooms). Schools were randomly selected from two zones: zone 1 which is located within the Capital City (Uyo metropolis) and represents the 'urban sector', and zone 2 which is located within the southern part of the state in close proximity to the oil and gas industrial region and represents the 'industrial sector'. Indoor air investigation included the following parameters: particulate matter (PM1, PM2, PM5, and PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, temperature and relative humidity, which were simultaneously measured in fourteen (14) sampling days using Fluke 985 Particle Counter and Fluke 975 AirMeter. Multiple statistically analysis techniques were used to compare IAQ parameters and test for significant differences between the zones (urban vs. industrial) and annual seasonal variations. The concentrations of particulate matter (PM) in the naturally ventilated classroom in industrial zone during the rainy season ranged from 5152 – 5984 μg/m3 for PM1; 2744 – 3207 μg/m3 for PM2; 137 – 149 μg/m3 for PM5; 38 – 46 μg/m3 for PM10 and in urban zone, the concentrations of PM ranged from 1978 – 2491 μg/m3 for PM1; 1010 – 1311 μg/m3 for PM2; 38 – 56 μg/m3 for PM5; 15 – 24 μg/m3 for PM10. During the dry season, the concentrations of PM in the naturally ventilated classroom in industrial zone ranged from 6138 – 6999 μg/m3 for PM1; 2984 – 3980 μg/m3 for PM2; 146 – 159 μg/m3 for PM5; 47 – 59 μg/m3 for PM10 and in urban zone, the concentrations of PM ranged from 2556 – 3972 μg/m3 for PM1; 1911 – 2311 μg/m3 for PM2; 51 – 66 μg/m3 for PM5; 18 – 34 μg/m3 for PM10. Results of this study has revealed that the concentrations of PM1, PM2, PM5, and PM10 measured in the naturally ventilated classroom in industrial zone were significantly (p 10 measured were found to be much lower than the ambient maximum contaminant level for airborne PM10 standard promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US–EPA) (150 μg/m3 daily average and 50 μg/m3 annual average) and World Health Organization (WHO) PM10 guidelines values (50 μg/m3 daily average and 20 μg/m3 annual average). Apart from re–suspension of atmospheric particles, anthropogenic activities in industrial zone significantly influenced the measured concentrations of PM compared to those measured in urban zone. In addition, the lower concentration of CO and CO2 measured indicated adequate air exchange at the time of the assessment in the naturally ventilated classrooms during the sampling period. The results obtained reveal important contributions towards understanding of airborne PM distribution patterns and the available data can be used for making public health policies.