2,069 results on '"Chollet P"'
Search Results
102. Innate immune deficiencies are associated with severity and poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19
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Peyneau, Marine, Granger, Vanessa, Wicky, Paul-Henri, Khelifi-Touhami, Dounia, Timsit, Jean-François, Lescure, François-Xavier, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Tran-Dinh, Alexy, Montravers, Philippe, Monteiro, Renato C., Chollet-Martin, Sylvie, Hurtado-Nedelec, Margarita, and de Chaisemartin, Luc
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- 2022
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103. Direct Measurement of Anharmonic Decay Channels of a Coherent Phonon
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Teitelbaum, Samuel W., Henighan, Tom, Huang, Yijing, Liu, Hanzhe, Jiang, Mason P., Zhu, Diling, Chollet, Matthieu, Sato, Takahiro, Murray, Éamonn D., Fahy, Stephen, O'Mahony, Shane, Bailey, Trevor P., Uher, Ctirad, Trigo, Mariano, and Reis, David A.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
We observe anharmonic decay of the photoexcited coherent A1g phonon in bismuth to points in the Brillouin zone where conservation of momentum and energy are satisfied for three-phonon scattering. The decay of a coherent phonon can be understood as a parametric resonance process whereby the atomic displacement periodically modulates the frequency of a broad continuum of modes. This results in energy transfer through resonant squeezing of the target modes. Using ultrafast diffuse x-ray scattering, we observe build up of coherent oscillations in the target modes driven by this parametric resonance over a wide range of the Brillouin zone. We compare the extracted anharmonic coupling constant to first principles calculations for a representative decay channel., Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures
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- 2017
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104. Non-equilibrium phase precursors to the insulator-metal transition in V2O3
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Singer, Andrej, Ramirez, Juan Gabriel, Valmianski, Ilya, Cela, Devin, Hua, Nelson, Kukreja, Roopali, Wingert, James, Kovalchuk, Olesya, Glownia, James M., Sikiroski, Marcin, Chollet, Matthieu, Holt, Martin, Schuller, Ivan K., and Shpyrko, Oleg G.
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Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
The discovery of novel phases of matter is at the core of modern physics. In quantum materials, subtle variations in atomic-scale interactions can induce dramatic changes in macroscopic properties and drive phase transitions. Despite their importance, the mesoscale processes underpinning phase transitions often remain elusive because of the vast differences in timescales between atomic and electronic changes and thermodynamic transformations. Here, we photoinduce and directly observe with x-ray scattering an ultrafast enhancement of the structural long-range order in the archetypal Mott system V2O3. Despite the ultrafast change in crystal symmetry, the change of unit cell volume occurs an order of magnitude slower and coincides with the insulator-to-metal transition. The decoupling between the two structural responses in the time domain highlights the existence of a transient photoinduced precursor phase, which is distinct from the two structural phases present in equilibrium. X-ray nanoscopy reveals that acoustic phonons trapped in nanoscale blocks govern the dynamics of the ultrafast transition into the precursor phase, while nucleation and growth of metallic domains dictate the duration of the slower transition into the metallic phase. The enhancement of the long-range order before completion of the electronic transition demonstrates the critical role the non-equilibrium structural phases play during electronic phase transitions in correlated electrons systems.
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- 2017
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105. Diffraction based Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry performed at a hard x-ray free-electron laser
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Gorobtsov, O. Yu., Mukharamova, N., Lazarev, S., Chollet, M., Zhu, D., Feng, Y., Kurta, R. P., Meijer, J. -M., Williams, G., Sikorski, M., Song, S., Dzhigaev, D., Serkez, S., Singer, A., Petukhov, A. V., and Vartanyants, I. A.
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Physics - Optics - Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometry at a hard X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) on a sample diffraction patterns. This is different from the traditional approach when HBT interferometry requires direct beam measurements in absence of the sample. HBT analysis was carried out on the Bragg peaks from the colloidal crystals measured at Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). We observed high degree (80%) spatial coherence of the full beam and the pulse duration of the monochromatized beam on the order of 11 fs that is significantly shorter than expected from the electron bunch measurements., Comment: 32 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
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- 2017
106. Depthwise Separable Convolutions for Neural Machine Translation
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Kaiser, Lukasz, Gomez, Aidan N., and Chollet, Francois
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Learning - Abstract
Depthwise separable convolutions reduce the number of parameters and computation used in convolutional operations while increasing representational efficiency. They have been shown to be successful in image classification models, both in obtaining better models than previously possible for a given parameter count (the Xception architecture) and considerably reducing the number of parameters required to perform at a given level (the MobileNets family of architectures). Recently, convolutional sequence-to-sequence networks have been applied to machine translation tasks with good results. In this work, we study how depthwise separable convolutions can be applied to neural machine translation. We introduce a new architecture inspired by Xception and ByteNet, called SliceNet, which enables a significant reduction of the parameter count and amount of computation needed to obtain results like ByteNet, and, with a similar parameter count, achieves new state-of-the-art results. In addition to showing that depthwise separable convolutions perform well for machine translation, we investigate the architectural changes that they enable: we observe that thanks to depthwise separability, we can increase the length of convolution windows, removing the need for filter dilation. We also introduce a new "super-separable" convolution operation that further reduces the number of parameters and computational cost for obtaining state-of-the-art results.
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- 2017
107. Optimal pulse processing, pile-up decomposition and applications of silicon drift detectors at LCLS
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Blaj, G., Kenney, C. J., Dragone, A., Carini, G., Herrmann, S., Hart, P., Tomada, A., Koglin, J., Haller, G., Boutet, S., Messerschmidt, M., Williams, G., Chollet, M., Dakovski, G., Nelson, S., Pines, J., Song, S., and Thayer, J.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability - Abstract
Silicon drift detectors (SDDs) revolutionized spectroscopy in fields as diverse as geology and dentistry. For a subset of experiments at ultra-fast, x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs), SDDs can make substantial contributions. Often the unknown spectrum is interesting, carrying science data, or the background measurement is useful to identify unexpected signals. Many measurements involve only several discrete photon energies known a priori, allowing single event decomposition of pile-up and spectroscopic photon counting. We designed a pulse function and demonstrated that the signal amplitude and rise time are obtained for each pulse by fitting, thus removing the need for pulse shaping. By avoiding pulse shaping, rise times of tens of nanoseconds resulted in reduced pulse pile-up and allowed decomposition of remaining pulse pile-up at photon separation times down to hundreds of nanoseconds while yielding time-of-arrival information with precision of 10 nanoseconds. Waveform fitting yields simultaneously high energy resolution and high counting rates (2 orders of magnitude higher than current digital pulse processors). We showed that pile-up spectrum fitting is relatively simple and preferable to pile-up spectrum deconvolution. We developed a photon pile-up statistical model for constant intensity sources, extended it to variable intensity sources (typical for FELs) and used it to fit a complex pile-up spectrum. We subsequently developed a Bayesian pile-up decomposition method that allows decomposing pile-up of single events with up to 6 photons from 6 monochromatic lines with 99% accuracy. The usefulness of SDDs will continue into the x-ray FEL era of science. Their successors, the ePixS hybrid pixel detectors, already offer hundreds of pixels, each with similar performance to an SDD, in a compact, robust and affordable package, Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables
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- 2017
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108. Affect-LM: A Neural Language Model for Customizable Affective Text Generation
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Ghosh, Sayan, Chollet, Mathieu, Laksana, Eugene, Morency, Louis-Philippe, and Scherer, Stefan
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Human verbal communication includes affective messages which are conveyed through use of emotionally colored words. There has been a lot of research in this direction but the problem of integrating state-of-the-art neural language models with affective information remains an area ripe for exploration. In this paper, we propose an extension to an LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) language model for generating conversational text, conditioned on affect categories. Our proposed model, Affect-LM enables us to customize the degree of emotional content in generated sentences through an additional design parameter. Perception studies conducted using Amazon Mechanical Turk show that Affect-LM generates naturally looking emotional sentences without sacrificing grammatical correctness. Affect-LM also learns affect-discriminative word representations, and perplexity experiments show that additional affective information in conversational text can improve language model prediction.
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- 2017
109. Ultrafast x-ray diffraction probe of terahertz field-driven soft mode dynamics
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Kozina, M., van Driel, T., Chollet, M., Sato, T., Glownia, J. M., Wandel, S., Radovic, M., Staub, U., and Hoffmann, M. C.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
We use ultrafast x-ray pulses to characterize the lattice response of SrTiO3 when driven by strong terahertz (THz) fields. We observe transient changes in the diffraction intensity with a delayed onset with respect to the driving field. Fourier analysis reveals two frequency components corresponding to the two lowest energy zone-center optical modes in SrTiO3. The lower frequency mode exhibits clear softening as the temperature is decreased while the higher frequency mode shows slight temperature dependence., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures
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- 2017
110. HolStep: A Machine Learning Dataset for Higher-order Logic Theorem Proving
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Kaliszyk, Cezary, Chollet, François, and Szegedy, Christian
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Large computer-understandable proofs consist of millions of intermediate logical steps. The vast majority of such steps originate from manually selected and manually guided heuristics applied to intermediate goals. So far, machine learning has generally not been used to filter or generate these steps. In this paper, we introduce a new dataset based on Higher-Order Logic (HOL) proofs, for the purpose of developing new machine learning-based theorem-proving strategies. We make this dataset publicly available under the BSD license. We propose various machine learning tasks that can be performed on this dataset, and discuss their significance for theorem proving. We also benchmark a set of simple baseline machine learning models suited for the tasks (including logistic regression, convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks). The results of our baseline models show the promise of applying machine learning to HOL theorem proving.
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- 2017
111. Multiscale Surface-Attached Hydrogel Thin Films with Tailored Architecture
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Chollet, Benjamin, Li, Mengxing, Martwong, Ekkachai, Bresson, Bruno, Frétigny, Christian, Tabeling, Patrick, and Tran, Yvette
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Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter - Abstract
A facile route for the fabrication of surface-attached hydrogel thin films with well-controlled chemistry and tailored architecture on wide range of thickness from nanometers to micrometers is reported. The synthesis, which consists in cross-linking and grafting the preformed and ene-reactive polymer chains through thiol--ene click chemistry, has the main advantage of being well-controlled without the addition of initiators. As thiol--ene click reaction can be selectively activated by UV-irradiation (in addition to thermal heating), micropatterned hydrogel films are easily synthesized. The versatility of our approach is illustrated by the possibility to fabricate various chemical polymer networks, like stimuli-responsive hydrogels, on various solid substrates, such as silicon wafers, glass, and gold surfaces. Another attractive feature is the development of new complex hydrogel films with targeted architecture. The fabrication of various architectures for polymer films is demonstrated: multilayer hydrogel films in which single-networks are stacked one onto the other, interpenetrating networks films with mixture of two networks in the same layer, and nanocomposite hydrogel films where nanoparticles are stably trapped inside the mesh of the network. Thanks to its simplicity and its versatility this novel approach to surface-attached hydrogel films should have a strong impact in the area of polymer coatings
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- 2017
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112. Nonlinear electron-phonon coupling in doped manganites
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Esposito, V., Mankowsky, R., Fechner, M., Lemke, H., Chollet, M., Glownia, J. M., Nakamura, M., Kawasaki, M., Tokura, Y., Staub, U., Beaud, P., and Först, M.
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Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
We employ time-resolved resonant x-ray diffraction to study the melting of charge order and the associated insulator-metal transition in the doped manganite Pr$_{0.5}$Ca$_{0.5}$MnO$_3$ after resonant excitation of a high-frequency infrared-active lattice mode. We find that the charge order reduces promptly and highly nonlinearly as function of excitation fluence. Density functional theory calculations suggest that direct anharmonic coupling between the excited lattice mode and the electronic structure drive these dynamics, highlighting a new avenue of nonlinear phonon control.
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- 2016
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113. Multiple supersonic phase fronts launched at a complex-oxide hetero-interface
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Först, M., Beyerlein, K. R., Mankowsky, R., Hu, W., Mattoni, G., Catalano, S., Gibert, M., Yefanov, O., Clark, J. N., Frano, A., Glownia, J. M., Chollet, M., Lemke, H., Moser, B., Collins, S. P., Dhesi, S. S., Caviglia, A. D., Triscone, J. -M., and Cavalleri, A.
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Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
Selective optical excitation of a substrate lattice can drive phase changes across hetero-interfaces. This phenomenon is a non-equilibrium analogue of static strain control in heterostructures and may lead to new applications in optically controlled phase change devices. Here, we make use of time-resolved non-resonant and resonant x-ray diffraction to clarify the underlying physics, and to separate different microscopic degrees of freedom in space and time. We measure the dynamics of the lattice and that of the charge disproportionation in NdNiO3, when an insulator-metal transition is driven by coherent lattice distortions in the LaAlO3 substrate. We find that charge redistribution propagates at supersonic speeds from the interface into the NdNiO3 film, followed by a sonic lattice wave. When combined with measurements of magnetic disordering and of the metal-insulator transition, these results establish a hierarchy of events for ultrafast control at complex oxide hetero-interfaces., Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures
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- 2016
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114. The Intelligent Voice 2016 Speaker Recognition System
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Khosravani, Abbas, Glackin, Cornelius, Dugan, Nazim, Chollet, Gérard, and Cannings, Nigel
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Computer Science - Sound ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
This paper presents the Intelligent Voice (IV) system submitted to the NIST 2016 Speaker Recognition Evaluation (SRE). The primary emphasis of SRE this year was on developing speaker recognition technology which is robust for novel languages that are much more heterogeneous than those used in the current state-of-the-art, using significantly less training data, that does not contain meta-data from those languages. The system is based on the state-of-the-art i-vector/PLDA which is developed on the fixed training condition, and the results are reported on the protocol defined on the development set of the challenge., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, NIST SRE 2016 Workshop
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- 2016
115. Deciphering Potential Molecular Signatures to Differentiate Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with BCR::ABL1 from Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in Blast Crisis
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Lara Boucher, Nathalie Sorel, Christophe Desterke, Mélanie Chollet, Laura Rozalska, Maria Pilar Gallego Hernanz, Emilie Cayssials, Anna Raimbault, Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli, Ali G. Turhan, and Jean-Claude Chomel
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CML ,AML ,AML with BCR::ABL1 ,RNA-Seq ,CD25 ,ID4 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with BCR::ABL1 has recently been recognized as a distinct subtype in international classifications. Distinguishing it from myeloid blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia (BC-CML) without evidence of a chronic phase (CP), remains challenging. We aimed to better characterize this entity by integrating clonal architecture analysis, mutational landscape assessment, and gene expression profiling. We analyzed a large retrospective cohort study including CML and AML patients. Two AML patients harboring a BCR::ABL1 fusion were included in the study. We identified BCR::ABL1 fusion as a primary event in one patient and a secondary one in the other. AML-specific variants were identified in both. Real-time RT-PCR experiments demonstrated that CD25 mRNA is overexpressed in advanced-phase CML compared to AML. Unsupervised principal component analysis showed that AML harboring a BCR::ABL1 fusion was clustered within AML. An AML vs. myeloid BC-CML differential expression signature was highlighted, and while ID4 (inhibitor of DNA binding 4) mRNA appears undetectable in most myeloid BC-CML samples, low levels are detected in AML samples. Therefore, CD25 and ID4 mRNA expression might differentiate AML with BCR::ABL1 from BC-CML and assign it to the AML group. A method for identifying this new WHO entity is then proposed. Finally, the hypothesis of AML with BCR::ABL1 arising from driver mutations on a BCR::ABL1 background behaving as a clonal hematopoiesis mutation is discussed. Validation of our data in larger cohorts and basic research are needed to better understand the molecular and cellular aspects of AML with a BCR::ABL1 entity.
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- 2023
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116. Lichen or Associated Micro-Organism Compounds Are Active against Human Coronaviruses
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Lowiese Desmarets, Marion Millot, Marylène Chollet-Krugler, Joël Boustie, Charline Camuzet, Nathan François, Yves Rouillé, Sandrine Belouzard, Sophie Tomasi, Lengo Mambu, and Karin Séron
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antiviral ,natural product ,coronavirus ,HCoV-229E ,SARS-CoV-2 ,lichen compounds ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
(1) Background: Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts have been made to identify antiviral compounds against human coronaviruses. With the aim of increasing the diversity of molecule scaffolds, 42 natural compounds, of which 28 were isolated from lichens and 14 from their associated microorganisms (bacteria and fungi), were screened against human coronavirus HCoV-229E. (2) Methods: Antiviral assays were performed using HCoV-229E in Huh-7 and Huh-7/TMPRSS2 cells and SARS-CoV-2 in a Vero-81-derived clone with a GFP reporter probe. (3) Results: Four lichen compounds, including chloroatranol, emodin, perlatolic acid and vulpinic acid, displayed high activities against HCoV-229E (IC50 = 68.86, 59.25, 16.42 and 14.58 μM, respectively) and no toxicity at active concentrations. Kinetics studies were performed to determine their mode of action. The four compounds were active when added at the replication step. Due to their significant activity, they were further tested on SARS-CoV-2. Perlatolic acid was shown to be active against SARS-CoV-2. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, these results show that lichens are a source of interesting antiviral agents against human coronaviruses. Moreover, perlatolic acid might be further studied for its pan-coronavirus antiviral activity.
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- 2023
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117. Human Neutrophil Response to Pseudomonas Bacteriophage PAK_P1, a Therapeutic Candidate
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Dwayne R. Roach, Benoît Noël, Sylvie Chollet-Martin, Mathieu de Jode, Vanessa Granger, Laurent Debarbieux, and Luc de Chaisemartin
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Phage therapy ,immune response ,safety ,innate immunity ,in vitro assays ,cytokines ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The immune system offers several mechanisms of response to harmful microbes that invade the human body. As a first line of defense, neutrophils can remove pathogens by phagocytosis, inactivate them by the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or immobilize them by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although recent studies have shown that bacteriophages (phages) make up a large portion of human microbiomes and are currently being explored as antibacterial therapeutics, neutrophilic responses to phages are still elusive. Here, we show that exposure of isolated human resting neutrophils to a high concentration of the Pseudomonas phage PAK_P1 led to a 2-fold increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion. Importantly, phage exposure did not induce neutrophil apoptosis or necrosis and did not further affect activation marker expression, oxidative burst, and NETs formation. Similarly, inflammatory stimuli-activated neutrophil effector responses were unaffected by phage exposure. Our work suggests that phages are unlikely to inadvertently cause excessive neutrophil responses that could damage tissues and worsen disease. Because IL-8 functions as a chemoattractant, directing immune cells to sites of infection and inflammation, phage-stimulated IL-8 production may modulate some host immune responses.
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- 2023
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118. Coordination Dynamics of Upper Limbs in Swimming: Effects of Speed and Fluid Flow Manipulation
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Guignard, Brice, Rouard, Annie, Chollet, Didier, Bonifazi, Marco, Dalla Vedova, Dario, Hart, John, and Seifert, Ludovic
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Purpose: Motor outputs are governed by dynamics organized around stable states and spontaneous transitions: we seek to investigate the swimmers' motor behavior flexibility as a function of speed and aquatic environment manipulations. Method: Eight elite male swimmers partook an eight-level incremental test (4% increment from 76% to 104% of their mean speed on 200 m front crawl) in a quasi-static aquatic environment (pool). Swimmers then partook another incremental test at similar effort in a dynamic aquatic environment (swimming flume) up to maximal speed. Stroke rate (SR), index of coordination (IdC) and intersegmental coupling of the upper limbs were computed from the inertial sensors located on the upper limbs and the sacrum. Results: With speed increase, SR values presented a steeper linear increase in the pool than in the flume. IdC values increased also in the pool but remained stable in the flume. Individual SR and IdC vs. speed increase displayed second-order polynomial dynamics, indicative of adaptive flexibility with a range of extremum values more restricted in the flume. Finally, a reduction of the in-phase coordination pattern was noted with flume speed increase. Conclusions: Action possibilities were strongly constrained in the flume at the highest speeds as the fluid flow led to discontinuity in the propulsive actions of the upper limbs and lack of in-phase inter-segmental coordination. This highlights that the behavioral flexibility was restricted in the flume in comparison to the pool, in which the exploitation of opportunities for action involved a larger number of degrees of freedom in the movement.
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- 2020
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119. Evaluation of the effectiveness of potassium chloride in the management of out-of hospital cardiac arrest by refractory ventricular fibrillation: Study protocol of the POTACREH study.
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Romain Jouffroy, Patrick Ecollan, Charlotte Chollet-Xemard, Bertrand Prunet, Caroline Elie, Jean-Marc Treluyer, and Benoit Vivien
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
PurposeOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has a poor prognosis, with an overall survival rate of about 5% at discharge. Shockable rhythm cardiac arrests (ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT)) have a better prognosis. In case of shockable rhythm, treatment is based on defibrillation, and thereafter, in case of failure of 3 external electric shocks (EES), on direct intravenous administration of 300 mg amiodarone, or lidocaine when amiodarone is unavailable or inefficient. During surgical procedures under extracorporeal circulation, a high potassium cardioplegia solution is administered to interrupt cardiac activity and facilitate surgical procedure. By extension, direct intravenous administration of potassium chloride (KCl) has been shown to convert VF, resulting in return to a hemodynamically efficient organized heart rate within a few minutes. The aim of this study is to provide clinical evidence that direct intravenous injection of KCl, into a patient presenting with OHCA due to refractory VF although 3 EES, should interrupt this VF and then allow rapid restauration of an organized heart rhythm, and thus return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).MethodsA multicenter, prospective, single group, phase 2 study will be conducted on 81 patients presenting with refractory VF. After failure of 3 EES, each patient will receive direct intravenous injection of 20 mmol KCl instead of amiodarone. The primary outcome will be survival rate at hospital admission. Major secondary outcomes will include ROSC and time to ROSC in the prehospital setting, number of VF recidivism after KCl injection, survival rate at hospital discharge with a good neurologic prognostic, and survival rate 3 months after hospital discharge with a good neurologic prognostic.ResultsNo patient is currently included in the study.DiscussionConventional guideline strategy based on antiarrhythmic drug administration, i.e. amiodarone or lidocaine, for OHCA due to shockable rhythm, has not yet demonstrated an increase in survival at hospital admission or at hospital discharge. This may be related to the major cardiodepressant effect of those drugs.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04316611. Registered on March 2020. AP-HP180577 / N° EUDRACT: 2019-002544-24. Funded by the French Health Ministry. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04316611.
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- 2023
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120. Hyper-palatable foods in elementary school lunches: Availability and contributing factors in a national sample of US public schools
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Danielle Dilsaver, Kaitlyn Rohde, Lynn Chollet-Hinton, and Tera L. Fazzino
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background School cafeterias are a major point of influence for child nutrition. United States federal legislation requires the presence of important nutrients in school meals. However, legislation overlooks the potential presence of hyper-palatable foods in school lunches, a hypothesized factor that may influence children’s eating behavior and obesity risk. The study sought to 1) quantify the prevalence of hyper-palatable foods (HPF) served in US elementary school lunches; and 2) determine whether food hyper-palatability varied based on school geographic region (East/Central/West), urbanicity (urban/micropolitan/rural), or meal item (entrée/side/fruit or vegetable). Methods Lunch menu data (N = 18 menus; N = 1160 total foods) were collected from a sample of six states that represented geographic regions of the United States (Eastern/Central/Western; Northern/Southern) and that had variability in urbanicity (urban, micropolitan, and rural) within each state. A standardized definition from Fazzino et al (2019) was used to identify HPF in lunch menus. Results HPF comprised almost half of foods in school lunches (M = 47%; SD = 5%). Compared to fruit/vegetable items, entrées were >23 times more likely to be hyper-palatable and side dishes were >13 times more likely to be hyper-palatable (p values < .001). Geographic region and urbanicity were not significantly associated with food item hyper-palatability (p values >.05). The majority of entrée and side items contained meat/meat alternatives and/or grains and likely aligned with the US federal reimbursable meal components of meat/meat alternatives and/or grains. Conclusions and implications HPF comprised almost half of foods offered in elementary school lunches. Entrées and side items were most likely to be hyper-palatable. US school lunches may be a key point of regular exposure to HPF among young children, a risk factor that may elevate child obesity risk. Public policy regulating HPF in school meals may be needed to protect children’s health.
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- 2023
121. 'iPSC-derived liver organoids and inherited bleeding disorders: Potential and future perspectives'
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Giacomo Roman, Benedicte Stavik, Knut H. Lauritzen, Per Morten Sandset, Sean P. Harrison, Gareth J. Sullivan, and Maria Eugenia Chollet
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bleeding disorders ,coagulation factor deficiencies ,induced pluripotent stem cells ,liver organoids ,genome editing ,CRISPR ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
The bleeding phenotype of hereditary coagulation disorders is caused by the low or undetectable activity of the proteins involved in hemostasis, due to a broad spectrum of genetic alterations. Most of the affected coagulation factors are produced in the liver. Therefore, two-dimensional (2D) cultures of primary human hepatocytes and recombinant overexpression of the factors in non-human cell lines have been primarily used to mimic disease pathogenesis and as a model for innovative therapeutic strategies. However, neither human nor animal cells fully represent the hepatocellular biology and do not harbor the exact genetic background of the patient. As a result, the inability of the current in vitro models in recapitulating the in vivo situation has limited the studies of these inherited coagulation disorders. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) technology offers a possible solution to overcome these limitations by reprogramming patient somatic cells into an embryonic-like pluripotent state, thus giving the possibility of generating an unlimited number of liver cells needed for modeling or therapeutic purposes. By combining this potential and the recent advances in the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology, it allows for the generation of autologous and gene corrected liver cells in the form of three-dimensional (3D) liver organoids. The organoids recapitulate cellular composition and organization of the liver, providing a more physiological model to study the biology of coagulation proteins and modeling hereditary coagulation disorders. This advanced methodology can pave the way for the development of cell-based therapeutic approaches to treat inherited coagulation disorders. In this review we will explore the use of liver organoids as a state-of-the-art methodology for modeling coagulation factors disorders and the possibilities of using organoid technology to treat the disease.
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- 2023
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122. Impact of multidomain preventive strategies on functional brain connectivity in older adults with cognitive complaint: Subset from the Montpellier center of the ancillary MAPT-MRI study
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Lisa Perus, Jean-François Mangin, Jérémy Deverdun, Laure-Anne Gutierrez, Emmanuelle Gourieux, Clara Fischer, Liesjet E. H. Van Dokkum, Clara Manesco, Germain Busto, Sophie Guyonnet, Bruno Vellas, Audrey Gabelle, Emmanuelle Le Bars, The MAPT/DSA group, Isabelle Carrié, Lauréne Brigitte, Catherine Faisant, Françoise Lala, Julien Delrieu, Hélène Villars, Emeline Combrouze, Carole Badufle, Audrey Zueras, Sandrine Andrieu, Christelle Cantet, Christophe Morin, Gabor Abellan Van Kan, Charlotte Dupuy, Yves Rolland, Céline Caillaud, Pierre-Jean Ousset, Sherry Willis, Sylvie Belleville, Brigitte Gilbert, Francine Fontaine, Jean-François Dartigues, Isabelle Marcet, Fleur Delva, Alexandra Foubert, Sandrine Cerda, Marie-Noëlle-Cuffi, Corinne Costes, Olivier Rouaud, Patrick Manckoundia, Valérie Quipourt, Sophie Marilier, Evelyne Franon, Lawrence Bories, Marie-Laure Pader, Marie-France Basset, Bruno Lapoujade, Valérie Faure, Michael Li Yung Tong, Christine Malick-Loiseau, Evelyne Cazaban-Campistron, Françoise Desclaux, Colette Blatge, Thierry Dantoine, Cécile Laubarie-Mouret, Isabelle Saulnier, Jean-Pierre Clément, Marie-Agnès Picat, Laurence Bernard-Bourzeix, Stéphanie Willebois, Iléana Désormais, Noëlle Cardinaud, Marc Bonnefoy, Pierre Livet, Pascale Rebaudet, Claire Gédéon, Catherine Burdet, Flavien Terracol, Alain Pesce, Stéphanie Roth, Sylvie Chaillou, Sandrine Louchart, Kristel Sudres, Nicolas Lebrun, Nadège Barro-Belaygues, Jacques Touchon, Karim Bennys, Aurélia Romano, Lynda Touati, Cécilia Marelli, Cécile Pays, Philippe Robert, Franck Le Duff, Claire Gervais, Sébastien Gonfrier, Yannick Gasnier, Serge Bordes, Danièle Begorre, Christian Carpuat, Khaled Khales, Jean-François Lefebvre, Samira Misbah El Idrissi, Pierre Skolil, Jean-Pierre Salles, Carole Dufouil, Stéphane Lehéricy, Marie Chupin, Ali Bouhayia, Michèle Allard, Frédéric Ricolfi, Dominique Dubois, Marie Paule Bonceour Martel, François Cotton, Alain Bonafé, Stéphane Chanalet, Françoise Hugon, Fabrice Bonneville, Christophe Cognard, François Chollet, Pierre Payoux, Thierry Voisin, Sophie Peiffer, Anne Hitzel, Michel Zanca, Jacques Monteil, Jacques Darcourt, Laurent Molinier, Hélène Derumeaux, Nadège Costa, Bertrand Perret, Claire Vinel, Sylvie Caspar-Bauguil, Pascale Olivier-Abbal, and Nicola Coley
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magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ,resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) ,multidomain intervention ,exercise ,cognitive training ,omega-3 fatty acids ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
IntroductionThe impact of multi-domain preventive interventions on older adults, in particular on those with higher risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), could be beneficial, as it may delay cognitive decline. However, the precise mechanism of such positive impact is not fully understood and may involve brain reserve and adaptability of brain functional connectivity (FC).MethodsTo determine the effect of multidomain interventions (involving physical activity, cognitive training, nutritional counseling alone or in combination with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and vs. a placebo) on the brain, longitudinal FC changes were assessed after 36 months of intervention on 100 older adults (above 70 year-old) with subjective cognitive complaints.ResultsNo global change in FC was detected after uni or multidomain preventive interventions. However, an effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation dependent on cognitive decline status was underlined for frontoparietal, salience, visual and sensorimotor networks FC. These findings were independent of the cortical thickness and vascular burden.DiscussionThese results emphasize the importance of patient stratification, based on risk factors, for preventive interventions.
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- 2023
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123. Reply to "comment on 'Ultrafast terahertz-field-driven ionic response in ferroelectric BaTiO3 ' "
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Chen, F, Zhu, Y, Liu, S, Qi, Y, Hwang, HY, Brandt, NC, Lu, J, Quirin, F, Enquist, H, Zalden, P, Hu, T, Goodfellow, J, Sher, MJ, Hoffmann, MC, Zhu, D, Lemke, H, Glownia, J, Chollet, M, Damodaran, AR, Park, J, Cai, Z, Jung, IW, Highland, MJ, Walko, DA, Freeland, JW, Evans, PG, Vailionis, A, Larsson, J, Nelson, KA, Rappe, AM, Sokolowski-Tinten, K, Martin, LW, Wen, H, and Lindenberg, AM
- Abstract
In this reply to S. Durbin's comment on our original paper "Ultrafast terahertz-field-driven ionic response in ferroelectric BaTiO3," we concur that his final equations 8 and 9 more accurately describe the change in diffracted intensity as a function of Ti displacement. We also provide an alternative derivation based on an ensemble average over unit cells. The conclusions of the paper are unaffected by this correction.
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- 2018
124. Xception: Deep Learning with Depthwise Separable Convolutions
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Chollet, François
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
We present an interpretation of Inception modules in convolutional neural networks as being an intermediate step in-between regular convolution and the depthwise separable convolution operation (a depthwise convolution followed by a pointwise convolution). In this light, a depthwise separable convolution can be understood as an Inception module with a maximally large number of towers. This observation leads us to propose a novel deep convolutional neural network architecture inspired by Inception, where Inception modules have been replaced with depthwise separable convolutions. We show that this architecture, dubbed Xception, slightly outperforms Inception V3 on the ImageNet dataset (which Inception V3 was designed for), and significantly outperforms Inception V3 on a larger image classification dataset comprising 350 million images and 17,000 classes. Since the Xception architecture has the same number of parameters as Inception V3, the performance gains are not due to increased capacity but rather to a more efficient use of model parameters.
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- 2016
125. Ultrafast evolution and transient phases of the prototype out-of-equilibrium Mott-Hubbard material V2O3
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Lantz, G., Mansart, B, Grieger, D., Boschetto, D., Nilforoushan, N., Papalazarou, E., Moisan, N., Perfetti, L., Jacques, V. L. R., Bolloc'h, D. Le, Laulhé, C., Ravy, S., Rueff, J. -P., Glover, T. E., Hertlein, M. P., Hussain, Z., Song, S., Chollet, M., Fabrizio, M., and Marsi, M.
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Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
The study of photoexcited strongly correlated materials is attracting growing interest since their rich phase diagram often translates into an equally rich out-of-equilibrium behavior, including non-thermal phases and photoinduced phase transitions. With femtosecond optical pulses, electronic and lattice degrees of freedom can be transiently decoupled, giving the opportunity of stabilizing new states of matter inaccessible by quasi-adiabatic pathways. Here we present a study of the ultrafast non-equilibrium evolution of the prototype Mott-Hubbard material V2O3, which presents a transient non-thermal phase developing immediately after photoexcitation and lasting few picoseconds. For both the insulating and the metallic phase, the formation of the transient configuration is triggered by the excitation of electrons into the bonding a1g orbital, and is then stabilized by a lattice distortion characterized by a marked hardening of the A1g coherent phonon. This configuration is in stark contrast with the thermally accessible ones - the A1g phonon frequency actually softens when heating the material. Our results show the importance of selective electron-lattice interplay for the ultrafast control of material parameters, and are of particular relevance for the optical manipulation of strongly correlated systems, whose electronic and structural properties are often strongly intertwinned., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures
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- 2016
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126. Ultrafast terahertz-field-driven ionic response in ferroelectric BaTiO$_3$
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Chen, F., Zhu, Y., Liu, S., Qi, Y., Hwang, H. Y., Brandt, N. C., Lu, J., Quirin, F., Enquist, H., Zalden, P., Hu, T., Goodfellow, J., Sher, M. -J., Hoffmann, M. C., Zhu, D., Lemke, H., Glownia, J., Chollet, M., Damodaran, A. R., Park, J., Cai, Z., Jung, I. W., Highland, M. J., Walko, D. A., Freeland, J. W., Evans, P. G., Vailionis, A., Larsson, J., Nelson, K. A., Rappe, A. M., Sokolowski-Tinten, K., Martin, L. W., Wen, H., and Lindenberg, A. M.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The dynamical processes associated with electric field manipulation of the polarization in a ferroelectric remain largely unknown but fundamentally determine the speed and functionality of ferroelectric materials and devices. Here we apply sub-picosecond duration, single-cycle terahertz pulses as an ultrafast electric field bias to prototypical BaTiO$_3$ ferroelectric thin films with the atomic-scale response probed by femtosecond x-ray scattering techniques. We show that electric fields applied perpendicular to the ferroelectric polarization drive large amplitude displacements of the titanium atoms along the ferroelectric polarization axis, comparable to that of the built-in displacements associated with the intrinsic polarization and incoherent across unit cells. This effect is associated with a dynamic rotation of the ferroelectric polarization switching on and then off on picosecond timescales. These transient polarization modulations are followed by long-lived vibrational heating effects driven by resonant excitation of the ferroelectric soft mode, as reflected in changes in the c-axis tetragonality. The ultrafast structural characterization described here enables direct comparison with first-principles-based molecular dynamics simulations, with good agreement obtained.
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- 2016
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127. Information-theoretical label embeddings for large-scale image classification
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Chollet, François
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Learning ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
We present a method for training multi-label, massively multi-class image classification models, that is faster and more accurate than supervision via a sigmoid cross-entropy loss (logistic regression). Our method consists in embedding high-dimensional sparse labels onto a lower-dimensional dense sphere of unit-normed vectors, and treating the classification problem as a cosine proximity regression problem on this sphere. We test our method on a dataset of 300 million high-resolution images with 17,000 labels, where it yields considerably faster convergence, as well as a 7% higher mean average precision compared to logistic regression.
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- 2016
128. Femtosecond X-Ray Scattering Study of Ultrafast Photoinduced Structural Dynamics in Solvated [Co(terpy)2]2+
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Biasin, Elisa, van Driel, Tim Brandt, Kjær, Kasper S., Dohn, Asmus O., Christensen, Morten, Harlang, Tobias, Chabera, Pavel, Liu, Yizhu, Uhlig, Jens, Pápai, Mátyás, Németh, Zoltán, Hartsock, Robert, Liang, Winnie, Zhang, Jianxin, Alonso-Mori, Roberto, Chollet, Matthieu, Glownia, James M., Nelson, Silke, Sokaras, Dimosthenis, Assefa, Tadesse A., Britz, Alexander, Galler, Andreas, Gawelda, Wojciech, Bressler, Christian, Gaffney, Kelly J., Lemke, Henrik T., Møller, Klaus B., Nielsen, Martin M., Sundström, Villy, Vankó, György, Wärnmark, Kenneth, Canton, Sophie E., and Haldrup, Kristoffer
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Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
We study the structural dynamics of photoexcited [Co(terpy)2]2+ in an aqueous solution with ultrafast x-ray diffuse scattering experiments conducted at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Through direct comparisons with density functional theory calculations, our analysis shows that the photoexcitation event leads to elongation of the Co-N bonds, followed by coherent Co-N bond length oscillations arising from the impulsive excitation of a vibrational mode dominated by the symmetrical stretch of all six Co-N bonds. This mode has a period of 0.33 ps and decays on a subpicosecond time scale. We find that the equilibrium bond-elongated structure of the high spin state is established on a single-picosecond time scale and that this state has a lifetime of ~ 7 ps.
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- 2016
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129. DeepMath - Deep Sequence Models for Premise Selection
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Alemi, Alex A., Chollet, Francois, Een, Niklas, Irving, Geoffrey, Szegedy, Christian, and Urban, Josef
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Learning ,Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science - Abstract
We study the effectiveness of neural sequence models for premise selection in automated theorem proving, one of the main bottlenecks in the formalization of mathematics. We propose a two stage approach for this task that yields good results for the premise selection task on the Mizar corpus while avoiding the hand-engineered features of existing state-of-the-art models. To our knowledge, this is the first time deep learning has been applied to theorem proving on a large scale.
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- 2016
130. Ultrafast THz Field Control of Electronic and Structural Interactions in Vanadium Dioxide
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Gray, A. X., Hoffmann, M. C., Jeong, J., Aetukuri, N. P., Zhu, D., Hwang, H. Y., Brandt, N. C., Wen, H., Sternbach, A. J., Bonetti, S., Reid, A. H., Kukreja, R., Graves, C., Wang, T., Granitzka, P., Chen, Z., Higley, D. J., Chase, T., Jal, E., Abreu, E., Liu, M. K., Weng, T. -C., Sokaras, D., Nordlund, D., Chollet, M., Lemke, H., Glownia, J., Trigo, M., Zhu, Y., Ohldag, H., Freeland, J. W., Samant, M. G., Berakdar, J., Averitt, R. D., Nelson, K. A., Parkin, S. S. P., and Dürr, H. A.
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Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
Vanadium dioxide, an archetypal correlated-electron material, undergoes an insulator-metal transition near room temperature that exhibits electron-correlation-driven and structurally-driven physics. Using ultrafast optical spectroscopy and x-ray scattering we show that these processes can be disentangled in the time domain. Specifically, following intense sub-picosecond electric-field excitation, a partial collapse of the insulating gap occurs within the first ps. Subsequently, this electronic reconfiguration initiates a change in lattice symmetry taking place on a slower timescale. We identify the kinetic energy increase of electrons tunneling in the strong electric field as the driving force, illustrating a novel method to control electronic interactions in correlated materials on an ultrafast timescale.
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- 2016
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131. Differential activation of human neutrophils by SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
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Samuel Lebourgeois, Ambroise David, Houssem Redha Chenane, Vanessa Granger, Reyene Menidjel, Nadhira Fidouh, Benoît Noël, Olivier Delelis, Clémence Richetta, Charlotte Charpentier, Sylvie Chollet-Martin, Diane Descamps, Benoit Visseaux, and Luc de Chaisemartin
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human neutrophils ,SARS-CoV-2 ,variant of concerns ,netosis ,IL-8 ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
The emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected the entire world with over 600 million confirmed cases and 6.5 million deaths as of September 2022. Since the beginning of the pandemic, several variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged, with different infectivity and virulence. Several studies suggest an important role of neutrophils in SARS-Cov-2 infection severity, but data about direct activation of neutrophils by the virus is scarce. Here, we studied the in vitro activation of human neutrophils by SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). In our work, we show that upon stimulation with SARS-Cov-2 infectious particles, human healthy resting neutrophils upregulate activation markers, degranulate IL-8, produce Reactive Oxygen Species and release Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Neutrophil activation was dependent on TLR7/8 and IRF3/STING. We then compared the activation potential of neutrophils by SARS-CoV-2 variants and showed a significantly increased activation by the Delta variant and a decreased activation by the Omicron variant as compared to the initial strain. In this study, we demonstrate that the SARS-Cov-2 virus can directly activate neutrophils in COVID-19 and that the different VOCs had differences in neutrophil activation intensity that mirror the differences of clinical severity. These data highlight the need to address neutrophil-virus interactions as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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- 2022
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132. Rapid investigation of BA.4/BA.5 cases in France
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Alain-Claude Kouamen, Helena Da Cruz, Mohamed Hamidouche, Anais Lamy, Anna Lloyd, Javier Castro Alvarez, Mathilde Roussel, Laurence Josset, Vincent Enouf, Charlotte Felici, Georges Dos Santos, Justine Schaeffer, Anna Maisa, Regional COVID-19 Investigation Group, Laboratory Group, Gwenola Picard, Vikpognon Michée Géraud, Alice Brembilla, Ellen Dahl, Souhaila Chent, Alizé Mercier, Gwladys Nadia Gbaguidi, Carine Grenier, Adeline Riondel, Huchet-Kervella Caroline, Bekheira Leila, Kemeny Stephan, Claire Vignault, Pauline Trémeaux, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Sophie Vallet, Diane Descamps, Lionel Chollet, Nefert Dossou, Alice Moisan, Anais Soares, Marie Christine Jaffar Bandjee, Alexis de Rougement, Cécile Henquell, and Anne Lavergne
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SARS-CoV-2 ,variant ,Omicron ,hospitalization ,symptoms ,BA.4 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
AimWe aimed to describe the characteristics of individuals infected by BA.4 or BA.5 in France in comparison to BA.1, and analyze the factors associated with hospitalization among BA.4 and BA.5 cases.MethodsA standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on confirmed and probable Omicron cases. Hospitalization risk factors among BA.4/BA.5 cases were analyzed using Poisson regression. Variables with a p-value below 0.2 in the univariate analysis and a priori confounders were included in the multivariable regression model.ResultsThe median age of the 301 cases investigated was 47 years and 97% of cases were symptomatic. The most common clinical signs were asthenia/fatigue (75.7%), cough (58.3%), fever (58.3%), headache (52.1%) and rhinorrhea (50.7%). Twelve cases were hospitalized, and 27.1% reported risk factors. No admissions to intensive care and no deaths were reported. Vaccination status was available for 292 cases, 20.9% were unvaccinated, 1.4% had received one dose, 38.3% two doses and 39.4% three doses. Cases presenting at least one risk factor were almost seventeen times more likely to be hospitalized than those with no risk factors (aRR = 16.72 [95% CI2.59–326.86]).ConclusionDespite the longer duration of and the differences in symptoms and their possible immune escape, BA.4/BA.5 Omicron sub-lineages globally showed no severe clinical presentation. The presence of at least one risk factor for severe disease significantly increased the risk of hospitalization for those infected with BA.4 or BA.5.
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- 2022
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133. Quaternary ammonium compounds in hypersensitivity reactions
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Marine Peyneau, Luc de Chaisemartin, Nicolas Gigant, Sylvie Chollet-Martin, and Saadia Kerdine-Römer
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quaternary ammonium ,hypersensitivity ,sensitization ,disinfectant ,antibacterial ,irritant ,Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 - Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) are commonly used disinfectants, antiseptics, preservatives, and detergents due to their antibacterial property and represent the first used biocides before phenolic or nitrogen products. Their common structure consists of one or more quaternary ammonium bound with four lateral substituents. Their amphiphilic structure allows them to intercalate into microorganism surfaces which induces an unstable and porous membrane that explains their antimicrobial activity towards bacteria, fungi, and viruses. QAC are thus found in many areas, such as household products, medicines, hygiene products, cosmetics, agriculture, or industrial products but are also used in medical practice as disinfectants and antiseptics and in health care facilities where they are used for cleaning floors and walls. QAC exposure has already been involved in occupational asthma in healthcare workers or professional cleaners by many authors. They also have been suggested to play a role in contact dermatitis (CD) and urticaria in workers using cosmetics such as hairdressers or healthcare workers, inciting reglementary agencies to make recommendations regarding those products. However, distinguishing the irritant or sensitizing properties of chemicals is complex and as a result, the sensitizing property of QAC is still controverted. Moreover, the precise mechanisms underlying the possible sensitization effect are still under investigation, and to date, only a few studies have documented an immunological mechanism. Besides, QAC have been suggested to be responsible for neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) sensitization by cross-reactivity. This hypothesis is supported by a higher prevalence of quaternary ammonium (QA)-specific IgE in the professionally exposed populations, such as hairdressers, cleaners, or healthcare workers, suggesting that the sensitization happens with structurally similar compounds present in the environment. This review summarizes the newest knowledge about QAC and their role in hypersensitivities. After describing the different QAC, their structure and use, the most relevant studies about the effects of QAC on the immune system will be reviewed and discussed.
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- 2022
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134. Immediate hypersensitivity to COVID-19 vaccines: Focus on biological diagnosis
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Pascale Nicaise-Roland, Vanessa Granger, Angèle Soria, Annick Barbaud, Marc Pallardy, Sylvie Chollet-Martin, and Luc de Chaisemartin
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COVID-19 vaccine ,anaphylaxis ,basophil activation test ,IgE ,complement ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Soon after the release of the new anti-COVID mRNA vaccines, reports came in from the US and the UK of anaphylactic reactions. Fueled by the necessary caution toward these new vaccine platforms, these reports had a great impact and were largely commented upon in the scientific literature and global media. The current estimated frequency is of 5 cases per million doses. Very little biological data are presented in the literature to support the anaphylaxis diagnosis in these patients in addition to skin tests. Allergic reactions to vaccines are rare and mostly due to vaccine excipient. Therefore, the poly-ethylene-glycol (PEG) present in both mRNA formulation, and already known to be immunogenic, was soon suspected to be the potential culprit. Several hypersensitivity mechanisms to PEG or to other vaccine components can be suspected, even if the classical IgE-dependent anaphylaxis seems to be one of the most plausible candidates. In the early 2022, the international guidelines recommended to perform skin prick tests and basophil activation tests (BAT) in people experiencing allergic reaction to the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine or with a history of PEG allergy. The aim of this review is to discuss the main potential mechanisms of immediate allergy to COVID19 vaccines based on published data, together with the various techniques used to confirm or not sensitization to one component.
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- 2022
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135. Itinerant and localized magnetization dynamics in antiferromagnetic Ho
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Rettig, L., Dornes, C., Thielemann-Kuehn, N., Pontius, N., Zabel, H., Schlagel, D. L., Lograsso, T. A., Chollet, M., Robert, A., Sikorski, M., Song, S., Glownia, J. M., Schuessler-Langeheine, C., Johnson, S. L., and Staub, U.
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Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons - Abstract
Using femtosecond time-resolved resonant magnetic x-ray diffraction at the Ho L3 absorption edge, we investigate the demagnetization dynamics in antiferromagnetically ordered metallic Ho after femtosecond optical excitation. Tuning the x-ray energy to the electric dipole (E1, 2p -> 5d) or quadrupole (E2, 2p -> 4f) transition allows us to selectively and independently study the spin dynamics of the itinerant 5d and localized 4f electronic subsystems via the suppression of the magnetic (2 1 3-tau ) satellite peak. We find demagnetization timescales very similar to ferromagnetic 4f systems, suggesting that the loss of magnetic order occurs via a similar spin-flip process in both cases. The simultaneous demagnetization of both subsystems demonstrates strong intra-atomic 4f-5d exchange coupling. In addition, an ultrafast lattice contraction due to the release of magnetostriction leads to a transient shift of the magnetic satellite peak.
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- 2015
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136. Photoinduced suppression of the ferroelectric instability in PbTe
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Jiang, M. P., Trigo, M., Fahy, S., Murray, É. D., Savić, I., Bray, C., Clark, J., Henighan, T., Kozina, M., Chollet, M., Glownia, J. M., Hoffmann, M., Zhu, D., Delaire, O., May, A. F., Sales, B. C., Lindenberg, A. M., Zalden, P., Sato, T., Merlin, R., and Reis, D. A.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The interactions between electrons and phonons drive a large array of technologically relevant material properties including ferroelectricity, thermoelectricity, and phase-change behaviour. In the case of many group IV-VI, V, and related materials, these interactions are strong and the materials exist near electronic and structural phase transitions. Their close proximity to phase instability produces a fragile balance among the various properties. The prototypical example is PbTe whose incipient ferroelectric behaviour has been associated with large phonon anharmonicity and thermoelectricity. Experimental measurements on PbTe reveal anomalous lattice dynamics, especially in the soft transverse optical phonon branch. This has been interpreted in terms of both giant anharmonicity and local symmetry breaking due to off-centering of the Pb ions. The observed anomalies have prompted renewed theoretical and computational interest, which has in turn revived focus on the extent that electron-phonon interactions drive lattice instabilities in PbTe and related materials. Here, we use Fourier-transform inelastic x-ray scattering (FT-IXS) to show that photo-injection of free carriers stabilizes the paraelectric state. With support from constrained density functional theory (CDFT) calculations, we find that photoexcitation weakens the long-range forces along the cubic direction tied to resonant bonding and incipient ferroelectricity. This demonstrates the importance of electronic states near the band edges in determining the equilibrium structure., Comment: 9 page, 3 figures
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- 2015
137. Watching coherent molecular structural dynamics during photoreaction: beyond kinetic description
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Lemke, Henrik T., Kjær, Kasper Skov, Hartsock, Robert, van Driel, Tim Brandt, Chollet, Matthieu, Glownia, J. M., Song, Sanghoon, Zhu, Diling, Pace, Elisabetta, Nielsen, Martin M, Benfatto, Maurizio, Gaffney, Kelly J., Collet, Eric, and Cammarata, Marco
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Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
A deep understanding of molecular photo-transformations is challenging because of the complex interaction between the configurations of electrons and nuclei. An initial optical excitation dissipates energy into electronic and structural degrees of freedom, often in less than one trillionth (10^-12) of a second. Molecular dynamics induced by photoexcitation have been very successfully studied with femtosecond optical spectroscopies, but electronic and nuclear dynamics are often very difficult to disentangle. X-ray based spectroscopies can reduce the ambiguity between theoretical models and experimental data, but it is only with the recent development of bright ultrafast X-ray sources, that key information during transient molecular processes can be obtained on their intrinsic timescale. In this letter, Free Electron Laser (FEL) radiation is used to measure ultrafast changes in the X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) during the prototypical photoreaction of a spin crossover compound. We reveal its transformation from the ligand-located electronic photoexcitation to the structural trapping of the high spin state. The results require a description beyond a kinetic model and provide a direct observation of a dynamic breathing of the main structural change. The coherent structural oscillations (period of ~265 fs) in the photoproduct potential lose synchrony within ~330 fs, whereas incoherent motions reveal the energy redistribution and vibrational cooling within ~1.6 ps. We foresee that ultrafast X-ray spectroscopies will provide invaluable insight to understand the complex physics of fundamental light induced phenomena, which are of prime interest in a multitude of chemical, physical and biological processes.
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- 2015
138. Does the LENT score risk‐stratify patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma? An observational study
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Bertrand Chollet, Julien Guinde, Sophie Laroumagne, Hervé Dutau, and Philippe Astoul
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pleural effusion ,pleural mesothelioma ,predictive medicine ,survival ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, highly aggressive and deadly disease with a poor patient life expectancy. A few years ago, the main challenge was the histological diagnosis of this disease; at present, the search for the best therapeutic strategy is now a priority. However, an optimal therapeutic strategy is not yet clear, despite growing efforts in the treatment armamentarium and research, and at the era of tailored and individualized treatment, tools to predict patient survival are needed for therapeutic decision‐making. Among them, the LENT scoring system was developed to predict prognosis in patients with malignant pleural effusion. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the LENT score in predicting prognosis in patients with MPM. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted by analyzing the prospective collected databases of patients undergoing medical thoracoscopy in a single center with a final diagnosis of MPM confirmed by the MESOPATH National Reference Center. Results A total of 41 patients with MPM were studied. All patients underwent platinum‐based chemotherapy combined with pemetrexed ± bevacizumab. No high‐risk category patients were found using the LENT scoring system in this cohort. The median (range) LENT score at the time of medical thoracoscopy was 0 (0–3) and the median survival was 15.5 (2–54) months for the entire cohort. The median survival of low‐risk and moderate‐risk category patients was 21.4 months (2–54, 32 patients) and 6.7 months (2–19, nine patients), respectively. A total of 27 patients with MPM of epithelial subgroup had a median LENT score of 1 (0–2) with a 26 (2–54) months median survival. The median LENT score and median survival of nonepithelial mesothelioma patients (biphasic MPM subgroup, eight patients; sarcomatoid MPM subgroup, six patients) were 0 (0–3) and 11 (2–52) months, respectively. Conclusions Applied to a homogenous cohort of MPM patients, the LENT score underestimated prognosis and was not useful per se for the management of this disease, as evidenced in the epithelial mesothelioma subgroup of patients in our study.
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- 2021
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139. Drop-on-demand sample delivery for studying biocatalysts in action at X-ray free-electron lasers.
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Fuller, Franklin D, Gul, Sheraz, Chatterjee, Ruchira, Burgie, E Sethe, Young, Iris D, Lebrette, Hugo, Srinivas, Vivek, Brewster, Aaron S, Michels-Clark, Tara, Clinger, Jonathan A, Andi, Babak, Ibrahim, Mohamed, Pastor, Ernest, de Lichtenberg, Casper, Hussein, Rana, Pollock, Christopher J, Zhang, Miao, Stan, Claudiu A, Kroll, Thomas, Fransson, Thomas, Weninger, Clemens, Kubin, Markus, Aller, Pierre, Lassalle, Louise, Bräuer, Philipp, Miller, Mitchell D, Amin, Muhamed, Koroidov, Sergey, Roessler, Christian G, Allaire, Marc, Sierra, Raymond G, Docker, Peter T, Glownia, James M, Nelson, Silke, Koglin, Jason E, Zhu, Diling, Chollet, Matthieu, Song, Sanghoon, Lemke, Henrik, Liang, Mengning, Sokaras, Dimosthenis, Alonso-Mori, Roberto, Zouni, Athina, Messinger, Johannes, Bergmann, Uwe, Boal, Amie K, Bollinger, J Martin, Krebs, Carsten, Högbom, Martin, Phillips, George N, Vierstra, Richard D, Sauter, Nicholas K, Orville, Allen M, Kern, Jan, Yachandra, Vittal K, and Yano, Junko
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Photosystem II Protein Complex ,Ribonucleotide Reductases ,Phytochrome ,Crystallography ,X-Ray ,Spectrometry ,X-Ray Emission ,Lasers ,Acoustics ,Crystallography ,X-Ray ,Spectrometry ,X-Ray Emission ,Developmental Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Technology ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
X-ray crystallography at X-ray free-electron laser sources is a powerful method for studying macromolecules at biologically relevant temperatures. Moreover, when combined with complementary techniques like X-ray emission spectroscopy, both global structures and chemical properties of metalloenzymes can be obtained concurrently, providing insights into the interplay between the protein structure and dynamics and the chemistry at an active site. The implementation of such a multimodal approach can be compromised by conflicting requirements to optimize each individual method. In particular, the method used for sample delivery greatly affects the data quality. We present here a robust way of delivering controlled sample amounts on demand using acoustic droplet ejection coupled with a conveyor belt drive that is optimized for crystallography and spectroscopy measurements of photochemical and chemical reactions over a wide range of time scales. Studies with photosystem II, the phytochrome photoreceptor, and ribonucleotide reductase R2 illustrate the power and versatility of this method.
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- 2017
140. Ultrafast evolution and transient phases of a prototype out-of-equilibrium Mott-Hubbard material.
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Lantz, G, Mansart, B, Grieger, D, Boschetto, D, Nilforoushan, N, Papalazarou, E, Moisan, N, Perfetti, L, Jacques, VLR, Le Bolloc'h, D, Laulhé, C, Ravy, S, Rueff, J-P, Glover, TE, Hertlein, MP, Hussain, Z, Song, S, Chollet, M, Fabrizio, M, and Marsi, M
- Abstract
The study of photoexcited strongly correlated materials is attracting growing interest since their rich phase diagram often translates into an equally rich out-of-equilibrium behaviour. With femtosecond optical pulses, electronic and lattice degrees of freedom can be transiently decoupled, giving the opportunity of stabilizing new states inaccessible by quasi-adiabatic pathways. Here we show that the prototype Mott-Hubbard material V2O3 presents a transient non-thermal phase developing immediately after ultrafast photoexcitation and lasting few picoseconds. For both the insulating and the metallic phase, the formation of the transient configuration is triggered by the excitation of electrons into the bonding a1g orbital, and is then stabilized by a lattice distortion characterized by a hardening of the A1g coherent phonon, in stark contrast with the softening observed upon heating. Our results show the importance of selective electron-lattice interplay for the ultrafast control of material parameters, and are relevant for the optical manipulation of strongly correlated systems.
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- 2017
141. Ultrafast terahertz-field-driven ionic response in ferroelectric BaTiO3
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Chen, F, Zhu, Y, Liu, S, Qi, Y, Hwang, HY, Brandt, NC, Lu, J, Quirin, F, Enquist, H, Zalden, P, Hu, T, Goodfellow, J, Sher, MJ, Hoffmann, MC, Zhu, D, Lemke, H, Glownia, J, Chollet, M, Damodaran, AR, Park, J, Cai, Z, Jung, IW, Highland, MJ, Walko, DA, Freeland, JW, Evans, PG, Vailionis, A, Larsson, J, Nelson, KA, Rappe, AM, Sokolowski-Tinten, K, Martin, LW, Wen, H, and Lindenberg, AM
- Abstract
The dynamical processes associated with electric field manipulation of the polarization in a ferroelectric remain largely unknown but fundamentally determine the speed and functionality of ferroelectric materials and devices. Here we apply subpicosecond duration, single-cycle terahertz pulses as an ultrafast electric field bias to prototypical BaTiO3 ferroelectric thin films with the atomic-scale response probed by femtosecond x-ray-scattering techniques. We show that electric fields applied perpendicular to the ferroelectric polarization drive large-amplitude displacements of the titanium atoms along the ferroelectric polarization axis, comparable to that of the built-in displacements associated with the intrinsic polarization and incoherent across unit cells. This effect is associated with a dynamic rotation of the ferroelectric polarization switching on and then off on picosecond time scales. These transient polarization modulations are followed by long-lived vibrational heating effects driven by resonant excitation of the ferroelectric soft mode, as reflected in changes in the c-axis tetragonality. The ultrafast structural characterization described here enables a direct comparison with first-principles-based molecular-dynamics simulations, with good agreement obtained.
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- 2016
142. De Novo Transcriptome Assembly and Analysis of the Flat Oyster Pathogenic Protozoa Bonamia Ostreae
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Germain Chevignon, Aurélie Dotto-Maurel, Delphine Serpin, Bruno Chollet, and Isabelle Arzul
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Bonamia ostreae ,protozoan parasite ,Haplosporida ,RNAseq ,Ostrea edulis ,flat oyster ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The flat oyster Ostrea edulis is an oyster species native to Europe. It has declined to functional extinction in many areas of the NE Atlantic for several decades. Factors explaining this decline include over-exploitation of natural populations and diseases like bonamiosis, regulated across both the EU and the wider world and caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Bonamia ostreae. To date, very limited sequence data are available for this Haplosporidian species. We present here the first transcriptome of B. ostreae. As this protozoan is not yet culturable, it remains extremely challenging to obtain high-quality -omic data. Thanks to a specific parasite isolation protocol and a dedicated bioinformatic pipeline, we were able to obtain a high-quality transcriptome for an intracellular marine micro-eukaryote, which will be very helpful to better understand its biology and to consider the development of new relevant diagnostic tools.
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- 2022
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143. Higher basal tryptase, asthma and loss of consciousness in anaphylaxis are associated with biphasic reactions
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Terence Langlois, Pascale Nicaise‐Roland, Camille Taillé, Patrick Natta, Bruno Crestani, Sylvie Chollet‐Martin, Luc deChaisemartin, and Catherine Neukirch
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Published
- 2022
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144. How to distinguish squeezed and coherent phonons in femtosecond x-ray diffuse scattering
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Henighan, T., Trigo, M., Chollet, M., Clark, J. N., Fahy, S., Glownia, J. M., Jiang, M. P., Kozina, M., Liu, H., Song, S., Zhu, D., and Reis, D. A.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
Impulsive optical excitation can generate both coherent and squeezed phonons. The expectation value of the phonon displacement $
$ oscillates at the mode frequency for the coherent state but remains zero for a pure squeezed state. In contrast, both show oscillations in $<|u_q|^2>$ at twice the mode frequency. Therefore it can be difficult to distinguish them in a second-order measurement of the displacements, such as in first-order x-ray diffuse scattering. Here we demonstrate a simple method to distinguish squeezed from coherent atomic motion by measurement of the diffuse scattering following double impulsive excitation. We find that femtosecond optical excitation generates squeezed phonons spanning the Brillouin zone in Ge, GaAs and InSb. Our results confirm the mechanism suggested in [Nature Physics 9, 790 (2013)]., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures - Published
- 2015
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145. Generation of high-frequency strain waves during femtosecond demagnetization of Fe/MgO films
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Henighan, T., Trigo, M., Bonetti, S., Granitzka, P., Higley, D., Chen, Z., Jiang, M. P., Kukreja, R., Gray, A., Reid, A. H., Jal, E., Hoffmann, M. C., Kozina, M., Song, S., Chollet, M., Zhu, D., Xu, P. F., Jeong, J., Carva, K., Maldonado, P., Oppeneer, P. M., Samant, M. G., Parkin, S. S. P., Reis, D. A., and Dürr, H. A.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
We use femtosecond time-resolved hard x-ray scattering to detect coherent acoustic phonons excited during ultrafast laser demagnetization of bcc Fe films. We determine the lattice strain propagating through the film through analysis of the oscillations in the x-ray scattering signal as a function of momentum transfer. The width of the strain wavefront is ~100 fs, similar to demagnetization timescales. First-principles calculations show that the high-frequency Fourier components of the strain, which give rise to the sharp wavefront, could in part originate from non-thermal dynamics of the lattice not considered in the two-temperature model., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures
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- 2015
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146. Phonon Spectroscopy with Sub-meV Resolution by Femtosecond X-ray Diffuse Scattering
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Zhu, Diling, Robert, Aymeric, Henighan, Tom, Lemke, Henrik T., Chollet, Matthieu, Glownia, J. Michael, Reis, David A., and Trigo, Mariano
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
We present a reconstruction of the transverse acoustic phonon dispersion of germanium from femtosecond time-resolved x-ray diffuse scattering measurements at the Linac Coherent Light Source. We demonstrate an energy resolution of 0.3 meV with momentum resolution of 0.01 nm^-1 using 10 keV x-rays with a bandwidth of ~ 1 eV. This high resolution was achieved simultaneously for a large section of reciprocal space including regions closely following three of the principle symmetry directions. The phonon dispersion was reconstructed with less than three hours of measurement time, during which neither the x-ray energy, the sample orientation, nor the detector position were scanned. These results demonstrate how time-domain measurements can complement conventional frequency domain inelastic scattering techniques., Comment: 3 figures, 4 pages
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- 2015
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147. An Upgrade Proposal from the PHENIX Collaboration
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Adare, A., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Akimoto, R., Alexander, J., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Atomssa, E. T., Awes, T. C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bai, X., Bandara, N., Bannier, B., Barish, K. N., Baron, O., Bassalleck, B., Bathe, S., Baublis, V., Baumgart, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Beckman, S., Belmont, R., Benjamin, G., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Blackburn, J., Blau, D. S., Bobrek, M., Bok, J., Boose, S., Boyle, K., Britton, Jr., C. L., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Bumazhnov, V., Butler, C., Butsyk, S., Campbell, S., Carollo, A., Chai, J. -S., Chen, C. -H., Chernichenko, S., Chi, C. Y., Chiu, M., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Choi, S., Chollet, S., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Cianciolo, V., Citron, Z., Cole, B. A., Cronin, N., Crossett, N., Csanád, M., D'Orazio, L., Dairaku, S., Danley, D., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Debraine, A., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Dietzsch, O., Ding, L., Dion, A., Diss, P. B., Do, J. H., Donadelli, M., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., Eberle, L., Efremenko, Y. V., Engelmore, T., Enokizono, A., Esumi, S., Eyser, K. O., Fadem, B., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, M., FingerJr., M., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukao, Y., Fusayasu, T., Gainey, K., Gal, C., Gallus, P., Garg, P., Garishvili, A., Garishvili, I., Gastaldi, F., Ge, H., Giannotti, P., Giordarno, F., Glenn, A., Gong, X., Gonin, M., Goto, Y., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gu, Y., Gunji, T., Guragain, H., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Han, S. Y., Hanks, J., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., Hashimoto, K., Hayano, R., Hayashi, S., He, X., Hemmick, T. K., Hester, T., Hill, J. C., Hoefferkamp, M., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hori, Y., Hoshino, T., Huang, J., Huang, S., Hutchins, J. R., Ichihara, T., Ikeda, Y., Imai, K., Imazu, Y., Imrek, J., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Isinhue, A., Isupov, A., Ivanischev, D., Ivanov, V., Jacak, B. V., Jeon, S. J., Jezghani, M., Jia, J., Jiang, X., Johnson, B. M., Joo, K. S., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kamin, J., Kanda, S., Kang, B. H., Kang, J. H., Kang, J. S., Kapustinsky, J., Karatsu, K., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Kehayias, H. -J., Key, J. A., Khachatryan, V., Khandai, P. K., Khanzadeev, A., Kijima, K. M., Kim, C., Kim, D. H., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. -J., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. -B., Kim, M., Kim, Y. -J., Kim, Y. K., Kimelman, B., Kiss, Á., Kistenev, E., Kitamura, R., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kochenda, L., Kofarago, M., Komatsu, Y., Komkov, B., Koster, J., Kotchetkov, D., Kotov, D., Kravtsov, P., Krizek, F., Kurita, K., Kuriyama, M., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Lacey, R., Lai, Y. S., Lajoie, J. G., Lebedev, A., Lee, G. H., Lee, J., Lee, K. B., Lee, K. S., Lee, S., Lee, S. H., Lefferts, R., Leitch, M. J., Leite, M. A. L., Leitgab, M., Lewis, B., Li, X., Lim, S. H., Lipski, A., Litvinenko, A., Liu, M. X., Love, B., Lynch, D., Lynch, M., Maguire, C. F., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Malakhov, A., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., Maruyama, T., Masumoto, S., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKay, R., McKinney, C., Meles, A., Mendoza, M., Menegasso, R., Meredith, B., Miake, Y., Mibe, T., Mignerey, A. C., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A. K., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D. P., Moskowitz, M., Motschwiller, S., Moukhanova, T. V., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagae, T., Nagamiya, S., Nagashima, K., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakamiya, Y., Nakamura, K. R., Nakamura, T., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Nederlof, A., Netrakanti, P. K., Nihashi, M., Niida, T., Ninomiya, K., Nishimura, S., Northacker, D., Nouicer, R., Novak, T., Novitzky, N., Nukariya, A., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Oide, H., Okada, K., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Österman, L., Ozawa, K., Pancake, C., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, I. H., Park, J. S., Park, S., Park, S. K., Pate, S. F., Patel, L., Patel, M., Peng, J. -C., Perepelitsa, D., Perera, G. D. N., Peresedov, V., Peressounko, D. Yu., Perry, J., Petti, R., Pinkenburg, C., Pinson, R., Pisani, R. P., Popule, J., Purschke, M. L., Qu, H., Radhakrishnan, S., Rak, J., Ramson, B. J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Reynolds, R., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richardson, E., Rinn, T., Riveli, N., Roach, D., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Roschin, E., Rowan, Z., Rubin, J. G., Rukoyatkin, P., Ryu, M. S., Safonov, A., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sano, M., Sarsour, M., Sato, S., Sawada, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seele, J., Seidl, R., Sekiguchi, Y., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Shafto, E., Sharma, D., Shaver, A., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shoji, K., Shukla, P., Sicho, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Sippach, F. W., Skolnik, M., Snowball, M., Solano, S., Soldatov, A., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Soumya, M., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Steinberg, P., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stevens, L., Stoll, S. P., Stone, M. R., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sziklai, J., Takagui, E. M., Takahara, A., Taketani, A., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarján, P., Tate, A., Tennant, E., Thorsland, E., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Torii, H., Towell, C., Towell, R., Towell, R. S., Trofimov, V., Tserruya, I., Tsuji, T., Tullo, A., van Hecke, H. W., Vargyas, M., Vazquez-Zambrano, E., Veicht, A., Velkovska, J., Vértesi, R., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vznuzdaev, E., Wang, X. R., Watanabe, D., Watanabe, K., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Watson, T. S., Wei, F., Wei, R., Whitaker, S., White, A. S., Winter, D., Wolin, S., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xue, L., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yang, R., Yanovich, A., Yokkaichi, S., Yoo, J. H., Yoon, I., Young, M., Younus, I., Yu, H., Yushmanov, I. E., Zajc, W. A., Zarndt, E., Zelenski, A., Zhang, L., Zhou, S., Zolin, L., Zou, L., and Zumberge, C.
- Subjects
Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
In this document the PHENIX collaboration proposes a major upgrade to the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. This upgrade, sPHENIX, enables an extremely rich jet and beauty quarkonia physics program addressing fundamental questions about the nature of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP), discovered experimentally at RHIC to be a perfect fluid. The startling dynamics of the QGP on fluid-like length scales is an emergent property of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), seemingly implicit in the Lagrangian but stubbornly hidden from view. QCD is an asymptotically free theory, but how QCD manifests as a strongly coupled fluid with specific shear viscosity near $T_C$, as low as allowed by the uncertainty principle, is as fundamental an issue as that of how confinement itself arises., Comment: 476 authors, 237 pages, lists of figures and tables, 219 references
- Published
- 2015
148. Multicenter randomized phase II study comparing docetaxel plus curcumin versus docetaxel plus placebo in first‐line treatment of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
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Judith Passildas‐Jahanmohan, Jean‐Christophe Eymard, Mélanie Pouget, Fabrice Kwiatkowski, Isabelle Van Praagh, Laurent Savareux, Marc Atger, Xavier Durando, Catherine Abrial, Damien Richard, Angeline Ginzac Couvé, Emilie Thivat, Brigitte Monange, Philippe Chollet, and Hakim Mahammedi
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chemotherapy ,curcumin ,docetaxel ,metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer ,phase II ,randomized trial ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients have a poor prognosis, and curcumin is known to have antineoplastic properties. On the basis of previous phase I and phase II studies, we investigated whether the association of curcumin with docetaxel could improve prognosis among mCRPC patients. Methods A total of 50 mCRPC patients (included from June 2014 to July 2016) treated with docetaxel in association with oral curcumin (6 g/d for 7 days every 3 weeks) versus placebo were included in this double‐blind, randomized, phase II study. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the time to progression. Among the secondary endpoints, compliance, overall survival, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response, safety, curcumin absorption, and quality of life were investigated. An interim analysis was planned in the modified intention‐to‐treat population with data at 6 months (22 patients per arm). Results Despite good compliance and a verified absorption of curcumin, no difference was shown for our primary endpoint: progression‐free survival (PFS) between the placebo and curcumin groups was, respectively, 5.3 months versus 3.7 months, p = 0.75. Similarly, no difference was observed for the secondary objectives: PSA response rate (p = 0.88), overall survival (p = 0.50), and quality of life (p = 0.49 and p = 0.47). Conclusion Even though our previous studies and data in the literature seemed to support an association between curcumin and cancer therapies in order to improve patient outcome and prognosis, the results from this interim analysis clearly showed that adding curcumin to mCRPC patients’ treatment strategies was not efficacious. The study was discontinued on the grounds of futility.
- Published
- 2021
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149. Mentoring & Modeling: A Relational Approach for Becoming a CPE Educator -- A Grounded Theory Study of CPE Supervisory Education
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Mariclea J. Treiber Chollet
- Abstract
The purpose of this thesis was to identify ACPE Educators' and Supervisory Education Students' (SES) characteristics and educational practices promoting effective teaching, learning, and movement through the Supervisory CPE and the ACPE Certification Processes. Ten SESs and their primary CPE Educators were interviewed. Participants reflected on their teaching-learning practices, characteristics, and the supervisory relationship. The research methodology used was Constructive Grounded Theory. Dimensional Analysis was employed to organize multilayered and interdependent dimensions and categories. The constructive process yields four theoretical propositions supporting a relational approach to Supervisory CPE that values authenticity, congruence, trust, and connectedness as facilitating an effective teaching and learning process as well as resilient supervisory relationships. Theological implications point to incarnational relationships and communities guided by love, faith, hope, and joy through which teachers and learners experience the Divine. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2019
150. Between Exploitation and Exploration of Motor Behaviours: Unpacking the Constraints-Led Approach to Foster Nonlinear Learning in Physical Education
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Komar, John, Potdevin, François, Chollet, Didier, and Seifert, Ludovic
- Abstract
Introduction: The constraints-led approach (CLA) and more generally a complex systems perspective on motor learning emphasizes the role of perceptual-motor exploration during learning in order to ensure the acquisition of a highly individualized, adapted and adaptable movement pattern. Recent studies have shown that human beings have a strong tendency to exploit already stable patterns rather than looking for new potentially more efficient patterns. In order to shape the amount of exploration, we implemented two learning designs based on a CLA where constraints were used to limit the boundaries of the perceptual-motor workspace of the learners. We sought to highlight how practitioners can play with the perceptual motor workspace boundaries in order to (i) promote the use of exploratory behaviours and (ii) guide the learner towards task-relevant functional areas. Method: For the experiment, twenty-four beginners in breaststroke swimming were allocated to three groups of learning: a "control group" receiving only the goal of the learning, an "analogy group" receiving the goal of learning accompanied by an analogy about 'how to perform', a "pacer group" receiving information on the goal of learning and the use of a metronome to continuously push them to 'perform better'. Based on their assigned group, each learner then followed a learning protocol of 16 sessions with a 10*25 m swimming distance per session with the goal of increasing the stroke length for a fixed swimming speed. Both performance (i.e. stroke length) and motor behaviour (i.e. arm-leg coordination) were collected for each session. The arm-leg coordination patterns were computed by the continuous relative phase between knee and elbow angles. Thereafter, a cluster analysis was performed on the coordination in order to get a qualitative label for every cycle performed during the entire process of learning. Based on the use of cluster analysis, an exploration/exploitation ratio was calculated and the increase in performance was determined based on the increase in stroke length. Results and Discussion: With reference to the exploration/exploitation ratio, our results showed that additional temporary constraints-led learners to increase both the nature of their exploration and also the quantity of their exploration. In the meantime, the three groups showed an equivalent final performance enhancement. The aim of manipulating the constraints was not only to push the learner out of his comfort zone, but also to provide relevant information about 'where' to explore during learning. For this purpose, the use of analogy appeared as the most relevant constraint to encourage the emergence of efficient behaviour. Interestingly the impact of the analogy was modified by adding the metronome, showing an interaction effect of both constraints. The group using the metronome exhibited different behaviours as compared to the analogy group and showed an increase in exploration during learning compared to the control group. However, although the metronome constantly pushed the learner to improve performance, it did not actually lead to a better improvement of performance when compared to the analogy group. The simple assumption that the constraints forced the learner to explore therefore does not seem a mandatory condition to promote an exploratory learning. Rather, the qualitative nature of the constraint seems the most relevant characteristic that can be manipulated to promote an exploratory learning by "guiding" the learner within the perceptual motor workspace.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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