101. A Multimodal Analysis of Antipsychotic Effects on Brain Structure and Function in First-Episode Schizophrenia
- Author
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Lesh, Tyler A, Tanase, Costin, Geib, Benjamin R, Niendam, Tara A, Yoon, Jong H, Minzenberg, Michael J, Ragland, J Daniel, Solomon, Marjorie, and Carter, Cameron S
- Subjects
Biological Psychology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Psychology ,Serious Mental Illness ,Schizophrenia ,Mental Health ,Mental Illness ,Biomedical Imaging ,Neurosciences ,Brain Disorders ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Mental health ,Adult ,Antipsychotic Agents ,Case-Control Studies ,Cerebral Cortex ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Executive Function ,Female ,Humans ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Male ,Young Adult ,Other Medical and Health Sciences ,Cognitive Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Clinical and health psychology - Abstract
ImportanceRecent data suggest that treatment with antipsychotics is associated with reductions in cortical gray matter in patients with schizophrenia. These findings have led to concerns about the effect of antipsychotic treatment on brain structure and function; however, no studies to date have measured cortical function directly in individuals with schizophrenia and shown antipsychotic-related reductions of gray matter.ObjectiveTo examine the effects of antipsychotics on brain structure and function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, using cortical thickness measurements and administration of the AX version of the Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging.Design, setting, and participantsThis case-control cross-sectional study was conducted at the Imaging Research Center of the University of California, Davis, from November 2004 through July 2012. Participants were recruited on admission into the Early Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment Clinic, an outpatient clinic specializing in first-episode psychosis. Patients with first-episode schizophrenia who received atypical antipsychotics (medicated patient group) (n = 23) and those who received no antipsychotics (unmedicated patient group) (n = 22) and healthy control participants (n = 37) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging using a 1.5-T scanner.Main outcomes and measuresBehavioral performance was measured by trial accuracy, reaction time, and d'-context score. Voxelwise statistical parametric maps tested differences in functional activity during the AX-CPT, and vertexwise maps of cortical thickness tested differences in cortical thickness across the whole brain.ResultsSignificant cortical thinning was identified in the medicated patient group relative to the control group in prefrontal (mean reduction [MR], 0.27 mm; P
- Published
- 2015