2,430 results on '"Carrier Protein"'
Search Results
102. Characterization of Phosphopantetheinyl Hydrolase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Su Tang, Kristin Burns-Huang, Carl Nathan, Xiuju Jiang, Guangli Yang, Ouathek Ouerfelli, Ben Gold, Annie Geiger, Felipe B. d’Andrea, James C. Sacchettini, Ronnie Bourland, Kyu Y. Rhee, Travis Hartman, Shilpika Pandey, Julia Roberts, Amrita Singh, and John W. Mosior
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Microbiology (medical) ,Tuberculosis ,Physiology ,Coenzyme A ,Virulence ,Microbiology ,metallophosphodiesterase ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bacterial Proteins ,Cell Wall ,Hydrolase ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,CoA salvage ,phosphopantetheinyl hydrolase ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Ecology ,biology ,Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Lipids ,QR1-502 ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,carrier protein ,Acyl carrier protein ,Infectious Diseases ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Pantetheine ,biology.protein ,Female ,dephosphopantetheinylation ,Phosphopantetheine ,Protein Processing, Post-Translational ,Research Article - Abstract
Phosphopantetheinyl hydrolase, PptH (Rv2795c), is a recently discovered enzyme from Mycobacterium tuberculosis that removes 4′-phosphopantetheine (Ppt) from holo-carrier proteins (CPs) and thereby opposes the action of phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases). PptH is the first structurally characterized enzyme of the phosphopantetheinyl hydrolase family. However, conditions for optimal activity of PptH have not been defined, and only one substrate has been identified. Here, we provide biochemical characterization of PptH and demonstrate that the enzyme hydrolyzes Ppt in vitro from more than one M. tuberculosis holo-CP as well as holo-CPs from other organisms. PptH provided the only detectable activity in mycobacterial lysates that dephosphopantetheinylated acyl carrier protein M (AcpM), suggesting that PptH is the main Ppt hydrolase in M. tuberculosis. We could not detect a role for PptH in coenzyme A (CoA) salvage, and PptH was not required for virulence of M. tuberculosis during infection of mice. It remains to be determined why mycobacteria conserve a broadly acting phosphohydrolase that removes the Ppt prosthetic group from essential CPs. We speculate that the enzyme is critical for aspects of the life cycle of M. tuberculosis that are not routinely modeled. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was the leading cause of death from an infectious disease before COVID, yet the in vivo essentiality and function of many of the protein-encoding genes expressed by M. tuberculosis are not known. We biochemically characterize M. tuberculosis’s phosphopantetheinyl hydrolase, PptH, a protein unique to mycobacteria that removes an essential posttranslational modification on proteins involved in synthesis of lipids important for the bacterium’s cell wall and virulence. We demonstrate that the enzyme has broad substrate specificity, but it does not appear to have a role in coenzyme A (CoA) salvage or virulence in a mouse model of TB.
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- 2021
103. Transferrin binding protein-B from Neisseria meningitidis C as a novel carrier protein in glycoconjugate preparation: an in silico approach
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Kakumani Venkateswara Swamy, Neelu Nawani, Kiran Bharat Lokhande, Asha D. Mallya, Niraj Shende, Abhijeet Karale, and Rajeev M. Dhere
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Neisseria meningitidis C ,Biochemistry ,Structural Biology ,Chemistry ,Carrier protein ,Conjugate vaccine ,Glycoconjugate ,In silico ,General Medicine ,Transferrin-Binding Protein B ,Polysaccharide ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
The linking of polysaccharide in glycoconjugate vaccine with carrier protein is an imperative step to develop a strong memory response. The excessive use of similar carrier protein known to result in bystander immunity warrants an urgent need for new carrier protein. The preparation of the glycoconjugate vaccine using cyanylation chemistry is to link the active cyanate ester site of polysaccharide with the carrier protein. In the present study, transferrin binding protein-B (Tbp-B) has been explored as a new carrier protein to develop in silico pneumococcal polysaccharide serotype-5 (PnPs-5) conjugate vaccine. The homology model of Tbp-B was constructed using the Prime module and stereochemically validated using ProSA, PDBsum and ProQ. The selected model revealed a Z-score of -5.6 within the X-ray region in ProSA analysis, LGscore: 9.776, and MaxSub: 0.8 in protein quality predictor suggesting its preferred use. Loop modeling and active site analysis followed by in silico PnPs-5 activation with cyanalyting agent CDAP was docked with Tbp-B using Glide module. The complex stability of cyanate esters with Tbp-B, analyzed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, revealed an average RMSD of 2.49 angstrom for its binding to the receptor. The RMSF values of cyanate ester-1, -2, and -3 were observed to be 1.06, 1.39 and 0.79 angstrom, respectively. The higher RMSF of 1.39 angstrom of cyanate ester-2 was further found unstable which corroborates its non-binding to the protein and also incurring conformational changes to a carrier protein. Molecular simulations revealed that cyanate ester-1 and cyanate ester-3 formed stable conjugates with carrier protein Tbp-B. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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- 2021
104. Evaluation of the effect of glycemic control on the Growth and its relation to Insulin like growth factor binding protein type 3 in a sample of prepubertal Egyptian children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
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Aliaa A. Abdo El-Sherbeeny, Mohammed D Alesi, Mohamed Reda Halawa, and Salah H Elhalawany
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Type 1 diabetes ,biology ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Somatomedin ,Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein ,Endocrinology ,Carrier protein ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,biology.protein ,business ,Glycemic - Abstract
Background PrePubertal children with type 1 diabetes mellitus are shorter than their non- diabetic peers. we aimed to evaluate the role of HbA1c and IGFBP-3 in this phenomenon. Aim of the work: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of glycemic control on the growth and IGFBP-3, represented by height, weight, height and weight percentiles for age in a sample of prepubertal Egyptian children with T1DM. Patients and Methods This study was a cross sectional study conducted on 80 pre-pubertal Egyptian children, divided into 25 Males and 25 Females with T1DM and 30 age matched controls (15 Males and 15 Females), the participants were recruited from the Outpatient Clinic of the Pediatric Department of Ain Shams University Hospitals and the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology in Cairo, Egypt during the period from July 2018 to August 2019. Anthropometric measures including height and weight were obtained and used to calculate the height and weight percentiles using the CDC calculators. HbA1c as well as IGFBP-3 levels were tested. Results The mean age (years) of the participants was (9.671±2.24) for male patients, (9.22 ± 2.19) for female patients and (8.39 ± 2.034) for controls. The height found to be lower in the children with T1DM when compared to the disease-free controls with median values of (129.287 ± 13.410) in male patients, (127.727 ±10.155) in female patients and (136.760 ± 13.431) in the controls. the height and weight percentiles (%) were found to be lower in the children with T1DM when compared to the disease-free controls, the height percentile with median values of 14.54 (IQR 27.95) in male patients, 17.93 (IQR 29.20) in female patients and 87.07 (IQR 20.48) in the controls. the weight percentile with median values of 40.68 (IQR 40.83) in male patients, 30.64(IQR 35.59) in female patients and 85.18 (IQR 20.17) in the controls. A negative correlation between HbA1c (%) and serum IGFBP-3 (ng/ml), height and height percentile were found with (0.014, 0.049 and 0.012) as well as a positive correlation between serum IGFBP-3 and height, height and weight percentiles (%), were found with (,0.004, 0.009 and 0.005 respectively). Serum IGFBP-3 levels were also found to be significantly lower in patients (P < 0.001) with a mean value of (198.6 ± 45.335) in male patients and (168.4 ± 44.317) in female patients and (285.333 ± 61.936) in the disease-free controls. Conclusion Serum IGFBP-3 levels (ng/ml) as well as growth are negatively affected in prepubertal children with T1DM in relation to the glycemic control.
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- 2021
105. Recent advances in lipopolysaccharide-based glycoconjugate vaccines
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Henderson Zhu, Andrew J. Pollard, and Christine S. Rollier
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Lipopolysaccharides ,Lipopolysaccharide ,Glycoconjugate ,Immunology ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Lipid A ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Antibiotic resistance ,Antigen ,Immunity ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Vaccines ,Vaccines, Conjugate ,Bacteria ,Immunogenicity ,O Antigens ,chemistry ,Carrier protein ,Bacterial Vaccines ,Molecular Medicine ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Glycoconjugates - Abstract
Introduction The public health burden caused by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria is increasingly prominent due to antimicrobial resistance. The surface carbohydrates are potential antigens for vaccines against Gram-negative bacteria. The enhanced immunogenicity of the O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP) moiety of LPS when coupled to a carrier protein may protect against bacterial pathogens. However, because of the toxic lipid A moiety and relatively high costs of O-SP isolation, LPS has not been a popular vaccine antigen until recently. Areas covered In this review, we discuss the rationales for developing LPS-based glycoconjugate vaccines, principles of glycoconjugate-induced immunity, and highlight the recent developments and challenges faced by LPS-based glycoconjugate vaccines. Expert opinion Advances in LPS harvesting, LPS chemical synthesis, and newer carrier proteins in the past decade have propelled LPS-based glycoconjugate vaccines toward further development, through to clinical evaluation. The development of LPS-based glycoconjugates offers a new horizon for vaccine prevention of Gram-negative bacterial infection.
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- 2021
106. Novel Simple Conjugation Chemistries for Decoration of GMMA with Heterologous Antigens
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Luisa Lanzilao, Alessandra Acquaviva, Renzo Alfini, Elena Palmieri, Allan Saul, Maria Grazia Aruta, Roberta Benedetto, Carlo Giannelli, Francesca Necchi, Francesca Micoli, and Martina Carducci
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Lipopolysaccharides ,Protozoan Vaccines ,Salmonella typhimurium ,QH301-705.5 ,Glycoconjugate ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Protozoan Proteins ,Heterologous ,Shigella sonnei ,Neisseria meningitidis ,Catalysis ,Article ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Extracellular Vesicles ,Mice ,conjugation chemistry ,Antigen ,Bacterial Proteins ,vaccine ,Animals ,Biology (General) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,QD1-999 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,glycoconjugate ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Antigens, Bacterial ,biology ,Heterologous Antigens ,Vesicle ,Organic Chemistry ,General Medicine ,OMV ,biology.organism_classification ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Computer Science Applications ,GMMA ,Chemistry ,carrier protein ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Bacterial Vaccines ,Female ,Bacterial outer membrane ,Bacteria ,Conjugate - Abstract
Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMV) constitute a promising platform for the development of efficient vaccines. OMV can be decorated with heterologous antigens (proteins or polysaccharides), becoming attractive novel carriers for the development of multicomponent vaccines. Chemical conjugation represents a tool for linking antigens, also from phylogenetically distant pathogens, to OMV. Here we develop two simple and widely applicable conjugation chemistries targeting proteins or lipopolysaccharides on the surface of Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), OMV spontaneously released from Gram-negative bacteria mutated to increase vesicle yield and reduce potential reactogenicity. A Design of Experiment approach was used to identify optimal conditions for GMMA activation before conjugation, resulting in consistent processes and ensuring conjugation efficiency. Conjugates produced by both chemistries induced strong humoral response against the heterologous antigen and GMMA. Additionally, the use of the two orthogonal chemistries allowed to control the linkage of two different antigens on the same GMMA particle. This work supports the further advancement of this novel platform with great potential for the design of effective vaccines.
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- 2021
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107. Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens as Carrier for Polysaccharides: Impact of Sugar Length, Density, and Attachment Site on the Immune Response Elicited in Animal Models
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Martina Carducci, Gianmarco Gasperini, Nicoletta Bechi, Davide Oldrini, Cristiana Balocchi, Fabiola Schiavo, Olimpia Pitirollo, Roberta Benedetto, Renzo Alfini, Francesca Micoli, Roberto Adamo, Brunella Brunelli, Francesca Necchi, Diego Piccioli, and Francesca Mancini
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Salmonella typhimurium ,Glycan ,Glycoconjugate ,Immunology ,Antigen presentation ,Context (language use) ,Immunopotentiator ,Epitope ,Mice ,Antigen ,vaccine ,Animals ,Immunology and Allergy ,Original Research ,glycoconjugate ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Antigens, Bacterial ,Vaccines ,biology ,Chemistry ,Immunogenicity ,Cell Membrane ,Polysaccharides, Bacterial ,Immunity ,RC581-607 ,GMMA ,carrier protein ,Biochemistry ,polysaccharide ,Models, Animal ,biology.protein ,Female ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Carrier Proteins ,Glycoconjugates - Abstract
Nanoparticle systems are being explored for the display of carbohydrate antigens, characterized by multimeric presentation of glycan epitopes and special chemico-physical properties of nano-sized particles. Among them, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are receiving great attention, combining antigen presentation with the immunopotentiator effect of the Toll-like receptor agonists naturally present on these systems. In this context, we are testing Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), OMVs naturally released from Gram-negative bacteria mutated to increase blebbing, as carrier for polysaccharides. Here, we investigated the impact of saccharide length, density, and attachment site on the immune response elicited by GMMA in animal models, using a variety of structurally diverse polysaccharides from different pathogens (i.e.,Neisseria meningitidisserogroup A and C,Haemophilus influenzaetype b, and streptococcus Group A Carbohydrate andSalmonellaTyphi Vi). Anti-polysaccharide immune response was not affected by the number of saccharides per GMMA particle. However, lower saccharide loading can better preserve the immunogenicity of GMMA as antigen. In contrast, saccharide length needs to be optimized for each specific antigen. Interestingly, GMMA conjugates induced strong functional immune response even when the polysaccharides were linked to sugars on GMMA. We also verified that GMMA conjugates elicit a T-dependent humoral immune response to polysaccharides that is strictly dependent on the nature of the polysaccharide. The results obtained are important to design novel glycoconjugate vaccines using GMMA as carrier and support the development of multicomponent glycoconjugate vaccines where GMMA can play the dual role of carrier and antigen. In addition, this work provides significant insights into the mechanism of action of glycoconjugates.
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- 2021
108. Differential Effects of Exogenous Glomalin-Related Soil Proteins on Plant Growth of Trifoliate Orange Through Regulating Auxin Changes
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A. K. Srivastava, Abeer Hashem, Rui-Cheng Liu, Qiang-Sheng Wu, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Wei-Qin Gao, Ying-Ning Zou, and Kamil Kuca
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Auxin influx ,mycorrhiza ,Plant Science ,citrus ,SB1-1110 ,Nutrient ,Auxin ,Gene expression ,Mycorrhiza ,glomalin ,Original Research ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,IAA ,food and beverages ,Plant culture ,biology.organism_classification ,Trifoliate orange ,Glomalin ,Horticulture ,carrier protein ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,transporter protein ,auxin - Abstract
Multiple functions of glomalin released by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are well-recognized, whereas the role of exogenous glomalins including easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP) and difficultly extractable glomalin-related soil protein (DE-GRSP) is unexplored for plant responses. Our study was carried out to assess the effects of exogenous EE-GRSP and DE-GRSP at varying strengths on plant growth and chlorophyll concentration of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings, along with changes in root nutrient acquisition, auxin content, auxin-related enzyme and transporter protein gene expression, and element contents of purified GRSP. Sixteen weeks later, exogenous GRSP displayed differential effects on plant growth (height, stem diameter, leaf number, and biomass production): the increase by EE-GRSP and the decrease by DE-GRSP. The best positive effect on plant growth occurred at exogenous EE-GRSP at ½ strength. Similarly, the GRSP application also differently affected total chlorophyll content, root morphology (total length, surface area, and volume), and root N, P, and K content: positive effect by EE-GRSP and negative effect by DE-GRSP. Exogenous EE-GRSP accumulated more indoleacetic acid (IAA) in roots, which was associated with the upregulated expression of root auxin synthetic enzyme genes (PtTAA1, PtYUC3, and PtYUC4) and auxin influx transporter protein genes (PtLAX1, PtLAX2, and PtLAX3). On the other hand, exogenous DE-GRSP inhibited root IAA and indolebutyric acid (IBA) content, associated with the downregulated expression of root PtTAA1, PtLAX1, and PtLAX3. Root IAA positively correlated with root PtTAA1, PtYUC3, PtYUC4, PtLAX1, and PtLAX3 expression. Purified EE-GRSP and DE-GRSP showed similar element composition but varied in part element (C, O, P, Ca, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, and Mo) concentration. It concluded that exogenous GRSP triggered differential effects on growth response, and the effect was associated with the element content of pure GRSP and the change in auxins and root morphology. EE-GRSP displays a promise as a plant growth biostimulant in citriculture.
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- 2021
109. Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)
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Schomburg, Dietmar, Salzmann, Margit, Stephan, Dörte, Schomburg, Dietmar, editor, Salzmann, Margit, editor, and Stephan, Dörte, editor
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- 1993
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110. The Human Coronavirus Receptor <scp>ANPEP</scp> ( <scp>CD13</scp> ) Is Overexpressed in Parkinson's Disease
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Gavin Hudson, Hannah Lowes, Jonathan Coxhead, Angela Pyle, David J. Burn, Fiona Robertson, Mauro Santibanez-Koref, Alison J. Yarnall, Rafiqul Hussain, and Brendan A I Payne
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Parkinson's disease ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Clinical Neurology ,Parkinson Disease ,CD13 Antigens ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Human coronavirus ,Neurology ,Carrier protein ,Humans ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Carrier Proteins ,business ,Receptor ,Receptors, Coronavirus - Published
- 2020
111. Daunomycin-loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Preparation, magnetic targeting, cell cytotoxicity, and protein delivery research.
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Liu, Min-Chao, Jin, Shu-fang, Zheng, Min, Wang, Yan, Zhao, Peng-liang, Tang, Ding-tong, Chen, Jiong, Lin, Jia-qi, Wang, Xia-hong, and Zhao, Ping
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DAUNOMYCIN , *SUPERPARAMAGNETIC materials , *FERRIC oxide , *IRON oxide nanoparticles , *CELL-mediated cytotoxicity - Abstract
The clinical use of daunomycin is restricted by dose-dependent toxicity and low specificity against cancer cells. In the present study, modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were employed to load daunomycin and the drug-loaded nanospheres exhibited satisfactory size and smart pH-responsive release. The cellular uptake efficiency, targeted cell accumulation, and cell cytotoxicity experimental results proved that the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-loading process brings high drug targeting without decreasing the cytotoxicity of daunomycin. Moreover, a new concern for the evaluation of nanophase drug delivery's effects was considered, with monitoring the interactions between human serum albumin and the drug-loaded nanospheres. Results from the multispectroscopic techniques and molecular modeling calculation elucidate that the drug delivery has detectable deleterious effects on the frame conformation of protein, which may affect its physiological function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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112. 锰离子浓度及其转运通道对水稻幼苗镉 吸收转运特性的影响.
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徐莜, 杨益新, 李文华, 陈蕊, 赵艳玲, 唐琦, and 刘仲齐
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Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2016
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113. Preclinical studies on new proteins as carrier for glycoconjugate vaccines.
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Tontini, M., Romano, M.R., Proietti, D., Balducci, E., Micoli, F., Balocchi, C., Santini, L., Masignani, V., Berti, F., and Costantino, P.
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GLYCOCONJUGATES , *CARRIER proteins , *IMMUNE response , *DRUG development , *BACTERIAL vaccines , *NEISSERIA meningitidis , *LABORATORY mice - Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines are made of carbohydrate antigens covalently bound to a carrier protein to enhance their immunogenicity. Among the different carrier proteins tested in preclinical and clinical studies, five have been used so far for licensed vaccines: Diphtheria and Tetanus toxoids, the non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin CRM 197 , the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B and the Protein D derived from non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae . Availability of novel carriers might help to overcome immune interference in multi-valent vaccines containing several polysaccharide-conjugate antigens, and also to develop vaccines which target both protein as well saccharide epitopes of the same pathogen. Accordingly we have conducted a study to identify new potential carrier proteins. Twenty-eight proteins, derived from different bacteria, were conjugated to the model polysaccharide Laminarin and tested in mice for their ability in inducing antibodies against the carbohydrate antigen and eight of them were subsequently tested as carrier for serogroup meningococcal C oligosaccharides. Four out of these eight were able to elicit in mice satisfactory anti meningococcal serogroup C titers. Based on immunological evaluation, the Streptococcus pneumoniae protein spr96/2021 was successfully evaluated as carrier for serogroups A, C, W, Y and X meningococcal capsular saccharides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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114. Seryl-tRNA Synthetases in Translation and Beyond.
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Močibob, Marko, Rokov-Plavec, Jasmina, Godinić-Mikulčić, Vlatka, and Gruić-Sovulj, Ita
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TRANSFER RNA , *AMINOACYL-tRNA synthetases , *METHANOTHERMOBACTER thermautotrophicus , *AMINO acid analysis , *CYTOSOL - Abstract
For a long time seryl-tRNA synthetases (SerRSs) stood as an archetypal, canonical aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS), exhibiting only basic tRNA aminoacylation activity and with no moonlighting functions beyond protein biosynthesis. The picture has changed substantially in recent years after the discovery that SerRSs play an important role in antibiotic production and resistance and act as a regulatory factor in vascular development, as well as after the discovery of mitochondrial morphogenesis factor homologous to SerRS in insects. In this review we summarize the recent research results from our laboratory, which advance the understanding of seryl-tRNA synthetases and further paint the dynamic picture of unexpected SerRS activities. SerRS from archaeon Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus was shown to interact with the large ribosomal subunit and it was postulated to contribute to a more efficient translation by the"tRNA channeling" hypothesis. Discovery of the atypical SerRS in a small number of methanogenic archaea led to the discovery of a new family of enzymes in numerous bacteria - amino acid:[carrier protein] ligases (aa:CP ligases). These SerRS homologues resigned tRNA aminoacylation activity, and instead adopted carrier proteins as the acceptors of activated amino acids. The crystal structure of the aa:CP ligase complex with the carrier protein revealed that the interactions between two macromolecules are incomparable to tRNA binding by the aaRS and consequently represent a true evolutionary invention. Kinetic investigations of SerRSs and the accuracy of amino acid selection revealed that SerRSs possess pre-transfer proofreading activity, challenging the widely accepted presumption that hydrolytic proofreading activity must reside in an additional, separate editing domain, not present in SerRSs. Finally, the plant tRNA serylation system is discussed, which is particularly interesting due to the fact that protein biosynthesis takes place in three cellular compartments: cytosol, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Plant cytosolic SerRSs showed broad tRNASer specificity and flexibility, unlike SerRSs from other organisms. High fidelity of SerRS dually targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts indicated its importance in plant organellar quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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115. Preparation and application of antibodies for nonderivatized gibberellins
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Yamaguchi, Isomaro, Nakajima, Masatoshi, Kanazawa, Kenji, Murofushi, Noboru, Mander, Lewis N., Takahashi, Nobutaka, Bliss, F. A., editor, Karssen, C. M., editor, van Loon, L. C., editor, and Vreugdenhil, D., editor
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- 1992
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116. Inducing and Inhibiting Autophagy to Investigate Its Interactions with MIF.
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Deen N.S., Harris J., Lee J.P., Deen N.S., Harris J., and Lee J.P.
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MIF has been described to be associated with autophagy in a number of studies, but the full nature of their association is not yet clear. However, the unprecedented interest in autophagy in recent times has generated a number of tools and techniques for its study. Here, we present protocols for studying the interactions between MIF and autophagy, including for the induction and inhibition of autophagy and measuring autophagosome biogenesis and maturation.
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- 2021
117. SETBP1 accumulation induces P53 inhibition and genotoxic stress in neural progenitors underlying neurodegeneration in Schinzel-Giedion syndrome
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Banfi, F, Rubio, A, Zaghi, M, Massimino, L, Fagnocchi, G, Bellini, E, Luoni, M, Cancellieri, C, Bagliani, A, Di Resta, C, Maffezzini, C, Ianielli, A, Ferrari, M, Piazza, R, Mologni, L, Broccoli, V, Sessa, A, Banfi F., Rubio A., Zaghi M., Massimino L., Fagnocchi G., Bellini E., Luoni M., Cancellieri C., Bagliani A., Di Resta C., Maffezzini C., Ianielli A., Ferrari M., Piazza R., Mologni L., Broccoli V., Sessa A., Banfi, F, Rubio, A, Zaghi, M, Massimino, L, Fagnocchi, G, Bellini, E, Luoni, M, Cancellieri, C, Bagliani, A, Di Resta, C, Maffezzini, C, Ianielli, A, Ferrari, M, Piazza, R, Mologni, L, Broccoli, V, Sessa, A, Banfi F., Rubio A., Zaghi M., Massimino L., Fagnocchi G., Bellini E., Luoni M., Cancellieri C., Bagliani A., Di Resta C., Maffezzini C., Ianielli A., Ferrari M., Piazza R., Mologni L., Broccoli V., and Sessa A.
- Abstract
The investigation of genetic forms of juvenile neurodegeneration could shed light on the causative mechanisms of neuronal loss. Schinzel-Giedion syndrome (SGS) is a fatal developmental syndrome caused by mutations in the SETBP1 gene, inducing the accumulation of its protein product. SGS features multi-organ involvement with severe intellectual and physical deficits due, at least in part, to early neurodegeneration. Here we introduce a human SGS model that displays disease-relevant phenotypes. We show that SGS neural progenitors exhibit aberrant proliferation, deregulation of oncogenes and suppressors, unresolved DNA damage, and resistance to apoptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that high SETBP1 levels inhibit P53 function through the stabilization of SET, which in turn hinders P53 acetylation. We find that the inheritance of unresolved DNA damage in SGS neurons triggers the neurodegenerative process that can be alleviated either by PARP-1 inhibition or by NAD + supplementation. These results implicate that neuronal death in SGS originates from developmental alterations mainly in safeguarding cell identity and homeostasis.
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- 2021
118. Production and assessment of antibodies
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Burrin, Jacky, Newman, David, Price, Christopher P., editor, and Newman, David J., editor
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- 1991
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119. Oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase
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Schomburg, Dietmar, Salzmann, Margit, Schomburg, Dietmar, editor, and Salzmann, Margit, editor
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- 1991
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120. A Minireview on the Immunoassay for Gibberellins
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Yamaguchi, I., Weiler, E. W., Takahashi, Nobutaka, editor, Phinney, Bernard O., editor, and MacMillan, Jake, editor
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- 1991
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121. Editorial Comment to Sodium glucose-linked transport protein 2 inhibitors: An overview of genitourinary and perioperative implications
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Yoshiki Hiyama
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business.industry ,Genitourinary system ,Urology ,Sodium ,MEDLINE ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Perioperative ,medicine.disease ,Bioinformatics ,Transport protein ,Glucose ,chemistry ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Carrier protein ,Diabetes mellitus ,Medicine ,Humans ,business ,Carrier Proteins - Published
- 2021
122. Non-cationic RGD-containing protein carrier for tumor-targeted siRNA delivery
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Jingjing Zhao, Daqing Wu, Hong Yan Liu, Shuhua Zhao, Xiaolin Yu, and Lu Xue
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Text mining ,Carrier protein ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Cancer research ,Cationic polymerization ,business ,Tumor targeted - Abstract
Despite the recent successes in siRNA therapeutics, targeted delivery beyond the liver remains the major hurdle for the widespread application of siRNA in vivo. Current cationic liposome or polymer-based delivery agents are restricted to the liver and suffer from off-target effect, poor clearance, low serum stability, and high toxicity. In this study, we have genetically engineered a non-cationic tumor-targeted universal siRNA nanocarrier. This protein nanocarrier consists of three function domains: dsRNA binding domain (dsRBD) (from human protein kinase R) for any siRNA binding, 18-histidines for endosome escape, and two RGD peptides at N-and C-termini for targeting tumor and tumor neovasculature. We showed that cloned dual-RGD-dsRBD-18his (dual-RGD) protein protects siRNA against RNases, induces effective siRNA endosomal escape, specific targets on integrin αvβ3 expressing cells in vitro, and homes siRNA to tumor in vivo. The delivered siRNA leads target gene knockdown in the cell lines and tumor xenografts with low toxicity. This multifunctional, biomimetic, charge-neutral siRNA carrier is biodegradable, low toxic, suitable for mass production by fermentation, and serum stable, holding great potential to provide a widely applicable siRNA carrier for tumor-targeted siRNA delivery.
- Published
- 2021
123. Carrier Protein-Free Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Arylomycin A2 and Structural Characterization of the Cytochrome P450 AryC
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Hülya Aldemir, Sabine Schneider, Tobias A. M. Gulder, Sabrina Harteis, Tobias M Milzarek, Hanna Hong, Francoise Schaefers, René Richarz, Shuangjie Shu, and Manuel Einsiedler
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,chemistry ,biology ,Cytochrome ,In vivo ,Carrier protein ,biology.protein ,Substrate (chemistry) ,Cytochrome P450 ,Arylomycin A2 ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,Peptide ,Combinatorial chemistry - Abstract
The functional and structural evaluation of AryC, the cytochrome P450 performing biaryl coupling in biosynthetic arylomycin assembly, and its application in the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of arylomycin A2 is described. AryC efficiently converts free substrates without the requirement of any protein interaction partner, likely enabled by a strongly hydrophobic cavity at the surface of AryC pointing to the substrate tunnel. The resulting reactivity of AryC is unprecedented in cytochrome P450-mediated biaryl construction in non-ribosomal peptides, in which PCP-tethering so far was crucial both in vivo and in vitro. Our work thus provides a basis for the development of general biocatalytic platforms for the efficient biocatalytic synthesis of biaryl peptide antibiotics.
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- 2021
124. Neuropeptide ACP facilitates lipid oxidation and utilization during long-term flight in locusts
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Ding Ding, Pengcheng Yang, Xin Nie, Li Hou, Yuanyuan Wang, Beibei Li, Siyuan Guo, Xianhui Wang, and Le Kang
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Locusta migratoria ,Insect ,Two stages ,Gene Knockout Techniques ,flight-related lipid metabolism ,Biology (General) ,media_common ,FABP ,General Neuroscience ,General Medicine ,Insect Hormones ,Insect Proteins ,Medicine ,Female ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,metabolome ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Research Article ,animal structures ,QH301-705.5 ,Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Neuropeptide ,Zoology ,Crop (anatomy) ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Lipid oxidation ,Animals ,neuropeptidome ,neuropeptide ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,Neuropeptides ,fungi ,Pest control ,Genetics and Genomics ,Lipid Metabolism ,biology.organism_classification ,locust ,030104 developmental biology ,Carrier protein ,Flight, Animal ,Animal Migration ,Other ,business ,Locust ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Long-term flight depends heavily on intensive energy metabolism in animals; however, the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying efficient substrate utilization remain elusive. Here, we report that the adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide (ACP) can facilitate muscle lipid utilization in a famous long-term migratory flighting species, Locusta migratoria. By peptidomic analysis and RNAi screening, we identified brain-derived ACP as a key flight-related neuropeptide. ACP gene expression increased notably upon sustained flight. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ACP gene and ACP receptor gene (ACPR) significantly abated prolonged flight of locusts. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses further revealed that genes and metabolites involved in fatty acid transport and oxidation were notably downregulated in the flight muscle of ACP mutants. Finally, we demonstrated that a fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP) mediated the effects of ACP in regulating muscle lipid metabolism during long-term flight in locusts. Our results elucidated a previously undescribed neuroendocrine mechanism underlying efficient energy utilization associated with long-term flight., eLife digest Flight allows insects to find food or seek a better environment. Some insects have developed the ability of ‘long-term flight’, which allows them to make continuous journeys over large distances. For example, one locust species regularly crosses the Red Sea which is up to 300 km wide – a spectacular feat for insects only a few inches long. However, flight is an energy-intensive activity, and insects’ muscles need the right sort of chemical fuel to work properly. Previous work has shown that this ‘fuel consumption’ is highly dynamic and happens in two stages. First, immediately after take-off, the muscles rapidly consume carbohydrates (sugars); then, during the prolonged phase of the flight, muscles switch to exclusively consume lipids (fats). How the flight muscles ‘know’ when to start using fats for energy remains largely unclear. It has been suggested that this switch may involve hormone-like chemicals made in the brain called neuroendocrine peptides. Hou et al. therefore set out to test this hypothesis, using the locust species Locusta migratoria as a representative migratory insect. Initial experiments used an abundance detection technique to determine which of the neuroendocrine peptides were active in adult locusts. Further analysis, looking specifically at locusts that had just been flying, revealed that the gene for a peptide called ACP became much more active after one hour of continuous flight. Further evidence that the ACP hormone could indeed be helping to power long-term flight came from locusts with a mutated, ‘switched-off’ version of the gene. These insects could only fly for half the time, and half the distance, compared to locusts that did not have mutations in the gene for ACP. Biochemical studies of the ACP mutant locusts confirmed that their flight muscle cells could not transport and break down fatty acids normally. These experiments also showed that ACP was acting through a type of carrier protein called FABP, which is present in many different insects and normally ‘ferries’ lipids to the places they are needed. These findings shed new light on the biological mechanisms that control long-term flight in migratory insects. The ability to move over long distances is key to the outbreak of locust plagues, which in turn cause widespread crop damage around the world. Hou et al. therefore hope that this knowledge will one day help develop effective strategies for locust pest control.
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- 2021
125. Finding Druggable Sites in Proteins Using TACTICS
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Remy A. Yovanno, Milan H. Patel, Afif F. Bandak, Sanim Rahman, Albert Y. Lau, Morgan Q. Beckett, David W. Cao, and Daniel J. Evans
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Computer science ,Protein Conformation ,General Chemical Engineering ,Druggability ,Computational biology ,Library and Information Sciences ,Molecular Dynamics Simulation ,01 natural sciences ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,Article ,Molecular dynamics ,Protein structure ,0103 physical sciences ,Humans ,Binding site ,Cluster analysis ,Binding Sites ,010304 chemical physics ,Drug discovery ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Proteins ,General Chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Computer Science Applications ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Carrier protein ,Docking (molecular) - Abstract
Structure-based drug discovery efforts require knowledge of where drug-binding sites are located on target proteins. To address the challenge of finding druggable sites, we developed a machine-learning algorithm called TACTICS (Trajectory-based Analysis of Conformations To Identify Cryptic Sites), which uses an ensemble of molecular structures (such as molecular dynamics simulation data) as input. First, TACTICS uses k-means clustering to select a small number of conformations that represent the overall conformational heterogeneity of the data. Then, TACTICS uses a random forest model to identify potentially bindable residues in each selected conformation, based on protein motion and geometry. Lastly, residues in possible binding pockets are scored using fragment docking. As proof-of-principle, TACTICS was applied to the analysis of simulations of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and methyltransferase and the Yersinia pestis aryl carrier protein. Our approach recapitulates known small-molecule binding sites and predicts the locations of sites not previously observed in experimentally determined structures. The TACTICS code is available at https://github.com/Albert-Lau-Lab/tactics_protein_analysis.
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- 2021
126. Association Between Serum Vitamin D Concentrations and Markers of Adiposity in Ethnically Diverse Population
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Deeptha Sukumar, Abeer Aljahdali, May Cheung, Rosemary DeLuccia, and Asma Altasan
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Serum vitamin ,education.field_of_study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Aging and Chronic Disease ,business.industry ,Population ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Physiology ,Ethnically diverse ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,vitamin D deficiency ,Chronic disease ,Carrier protein ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Medicine ,business ,education ,Food Science - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Background: South Asian Indians (SAI) have a higher prevalence of both chronic diseases and vitamin D deficiency compared to Caucasians. Previous research shows that vitamin D status is a determinant of metabolic health. SAIs have higher total fat, lower lean mass, and higher visceral or truncal fat compared to Caucasians. These factors are all associated with chronic health conditions at a younger age than their Caucasian counterparts. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the association between body composition parameters and the biomarkers of vitamin D status and whether these relationships differed between Caucasian and SAI cohorts. METHODS: Healthy SAIs and Caucasian men, who were 22 to 60 years of age, were enrolled. Anthropometric and body composition measurements, serum levels of 25 Hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD), Parathyroid Hormone, and Vitamin D Binding-Protein were obtained. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney u test were used to report the differences between groups. Spearman correlation was used to identify the possible association. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 30 SAIs and 30 Caucasians completed the study. Both groups did not significantly differ in their age and BMI. The 25OHD levels were statistically different between Caucasians (31.24 ± 9.14 ng/mL) and SAIs (22.94 ± 7.19 ng/mL), (P
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- 2021
127. The inherent flexibility of type I non-ribosomal peptide synthetase multienzymes drives their catalytic activities
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Pauline Macheboeuf, Sarah Bonhomme, Andréa Dessen, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
- Subjects
QH301-705.5 ,Immunology ,Peptide Synthetases ,Peptide ,Computational biology ,Review ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Catalysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Catalytic Domain ,supramodular architecture ,Biology (General) ,Peptide Synthases ,Review Articles ,030304 developmental biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Flexibility (engineering) ,0303 health sciences ,[SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM] ,non-ribosomal peptide synthetases ,010405 organic chemistry ,General Neuroscience ,Ribosomal RNA ,0104 chemical sciences ,3. Good health ,Amino acid ,flexibility ,chemistry ,Catalytic cycle ,Carrier protein - Abstract
International audience; Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are multienzymes that produce complex natural metabolites with many applications in medicine and agriculture. They are composed of numerous catalytic domains that elongate and chemically modify amino acid substrates or derivatives and of non-catalytic carrier protein domains that can tether and shuttle the growing products to the different catalytic domains. The intrinsic flexibility of NRPSs permits conformational rearrangements that are required to allow interactions between catalytic and carrier protein domains. Their large size coupled to this flexibility renders these multi-domain proteins very challenging for structural characterization. Here, we summarize recent studies that offer structural views of multi-domain NRPSs in various catalytically relevant conformations, thus providing an increased comprehension of their catalytic cycle. A better structural understanding of these multienzymes provides novel perspectives for their re-engineering to synthesize new bioactive metabolites.
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- 2021
128. A new method for predicting the acute toxicity of carbamate pesticides based on the perspective of binding information with carrier protein
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Xiangfen Li, Zishi Wang, Jiashuang Chai, Chenxin Hou, Jing Su, Jin-Sheng Gao, Yue Xing, Xiangshuai Li, and Hongliang Xu
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Drug ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Computational biology ,Analytical Chemistry ,medicine ,Humans ,Pesticides ,Instrumentation ,Drug toxicity ,Spectroscopy ,media_common ,Binding Sites ,Chemistry ,Human serum albumin ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Acute toxicity ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,Carbamate pesticides ,Spectrometry, Fluorescence ,Drug development ,Carrier protein ,Toxicity ,Carbamates ,Carrier Proteins ,medicine.drug ,Protein Binding - Abstract
Toxicity is one of the most important factors limiting the success of new drug development. In this paper, we built a fast and convenient new method (Carrier protein binding information-toxicity relationship, CPBITR) for predicting drug acute toxicity based on the perspective of binding information with carrier protein. First, we studied the binding information between carbamate pesticides and human serum albumin (HSA) through various spectroscopic methods and molecular docking. Then a total of 16 models were established to clarify the relationship between binding information with HSA and drug toxicity. The results showed that the binding information was related to toxicity. Finally we obtained the effective toxicity prediction model for carbamate pesticides. And the “Platform for Predicting Drug Toxicity Based on the Information of Binding with Carrier Protein” was established with the Back-propagation neural network model. We proposed and proved that it was feasible to predict drug toxicity from this new perspective: binding with carrier protein. According to this new perspective, toxicity prediction model of other drugs can also be established. This new method has the advantages of convenience and fast, and can be used to screen out low-toxic drugs quickly in the early stage. It is helpful for drug research and development.
- Published
- 2021
129. FC 086GLOMERULI PROTEOME ANALYSIS REVEALS EARLY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRE-EXISTING AND DE-NOVO TYPE 2 DIABETES IN HUMAN RENAL ALLOGRAFTS
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Thea Anine Strøm Halden, Sabine Leh, Hans-Peter Marti, Anders Åsberg, Janka Bábíčková, Anne Kipp, Jessica Furriol, Trond Jenssen, Bjørn Egil Vikse, and Sigrid Nakken
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Diabetic nephropathy ,Transplantation ,Nephrology ,Carrier protein ,business.industry ,Proteome ,medicine ,Absolute risk reduction ,Kidney Glomerulus ,Type 2 diabetes ,Bioinformatics ,medicine.disease ,business - Abstract
Background and Aims Diabetes mellitus, either preexisting or developing after kidney transplantation remains a crucial clinical problem. The aim of this study is to compare the proteome of histologically normal glomeruli from normoglycemic (NG), T2DM, and PTDM patients one year after kidney transplantation to identify novel early biomarkers detectable prior to the development of histologically visible diabetic nephropathy. Method We comparatively analyzed the proteome of histologically normal glomeruli from normoglycemic (NG) recipients, and recipients with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), in protocol biopsies obtained one year after kidney transplantation. Glomerular cross-sections were microdissected in core biopsies from 8 NG, 8 PTDM and 8 T2DM kidney transplant recipients. Proteome was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Relative differences in protein abundance and significantly dysregulated pathways were analyzed. Results Proteins related to immune response and inflammation, transport regulation and cell organization and communication, including the nephrin family, were more abundant in NG, as compared to the combined groups of diabetic patients. Proteins involved in cell morphogenesis and adhesion were less abundant in PTDM, as compared to T2DM. In contrast, CCT3, CCT4 and CNDP2 diabetic nephropathy markers, LDHB and tacrolimus binding protein FKBP1A were significantly overrepresented in glomeruli from PTDM, as compared to T2DM patients. Conclusion These data suggest that glomerular proteome profile differentiates PTDM from NG and T2DM, and disruption of cell-cell interactions at molecular level represents an early event in PTDM development.
- Published
- 2021
130. Active Transport
- Author
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Cramer, William A., Knaff, David B., Cantor, Charles R., editor, Cramer, William A., and Knaff, David B.
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- 1990
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131. Crotonoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydratase
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Schomburg, Dietmar, Salzmann, Margit, Schomburg, Dietmar, editor, and Salzmann, Margit, editor
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- 1990
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- View/download PDF
132. 3-Hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase
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Schomburg, Dietmar, Salzmann, Margit, Schomburg, Dietmar, editor, and Salzmann, Margit, editor
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- 1990
- Full Text
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133. The scar that never felt a wound
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Christian Hugo and Julian Stumpf
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0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Kidney ,Article ,Cicatrix ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fibrosis ,Interstitial tissue ,Renal fibrosis ,Humans ,Medicine ,business.industry ,Fibroblasts ,medicine.disease ,Molecular Imaging ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Nephrology ,Carrier protein ,Collagen ,Carrier Proteins ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Pathological deposition of collagen is a hallmark of renal fibrosis. We employed multimodal optical imaging to visualize and quantify collagen deposition in murine models of kidney fibrosis using the collagen-binding agent CNA35. For in vivo imaging, we used hybrid computed tomography-fluorescence molecular tomography (CT-FMT) and CNA35 labeled with the near-infrared fluorophore Cy7. Upon i.v. injection, CNA35-Cy7 accumulation was significantly higher in fibrotic kidneys compared to non-fibrotic kidneys. This difference was not detected for a non-specific scrambled version of CNA35-Cy7. Ex vivo, on kidney sections of animals and patients with renal fibrosis, CNA35-FITC co-localized with scar collagen type I and III, but not with the basement membrane collagen type IV. Upon i.v. injection, CNA35-FITC bound to both interstitial and perivascular fibrotic areas. In line with this perivascular accumulation, we observed significant perivascular fibrosis in animal models and patients using computer-based morphometry quantification. In conclusion, molecular imaging of collagen using CNA35 enables specific non-invasive quantification of renal fibrosis. Collagen imaging revealed significant perivascular fibrosis as a consistent component next to the more commonly assessed interstitial fibrosis. Our results lay the basis for further probe and protocol optimization towards the clinical translation of molecular imaging of kidney fibrosis.
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- 2020
134. Correlation of ACTH and Salivary Cortisol levels to diagnose Adrenal Insufficiency in cirrhotic patients
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Ghulam Murtaza Memon, Muhammad Memon, Mahmood Iqbal, Mahum Shahab, and Haris Memon
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Saliva ,Cirrhosis ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,Carrier protein ,Internal medicine ,Healthy volunteers ,Adrenal insufficiency ,Medicine ,In patient ,business ,Serum cortisol ,Salivary cortisol - Abstract
Purpose. The prevalence of adrenal insufficiency (AI) in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis is unknown. Because these patients have lower levels of cortisol-binding carrier proteins, their total serum cortisol (TSC) correlates poorly with free serum cortisol (FC). Salivary cortisol (SaC) correlates better with FC. We aimed to establish SaC thresholds for AI for the 250 g intravenous ACTH test and to estimate the prevalence of AI in non-critically ill cirrhotic patients. Methods. We included 39 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, 39 patients with known AI, and 45 healthy volunteers. After subjects fasted ≥8 hours, serum and saliva samples were collected for determinations of TSC and SaC at baseline 0’ (T0) and at 30-minute intervals after intravenous administration of 250
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- 2019
135. Multiplex Profiling of Secreted Factors in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Moyamoya Disease Patients
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Gary K. Steinberg, Kumar Abhinav, Yael Rosenberg-Hasson, Michelle Y. Cheng, Alexander Lee, Arjun V Pendharkar, and Haruto Uchino
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Inflammatory response ,Cerebrospinal fluid proteins ,medicine.disease ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Carrier protein ,medicine ,Surgery ,Multiplex ,Neurology (clinical) ,Moyamoya disease ,business - Published
- 2019
136. Conjugation of Different Immunogenic Enterococcal Vaccine Target Antigens Leads to Extended Strain Coverage
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Riccardo Torelli, D Martinez-Matamoros, Cecilia Martini, Felipe Romero-Saavedra, Johannes Huebner, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Diana Laverde, and E Kalfopoulou
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Glycoconjugate ,Opsonophagocytic assay ,Enterococcus faecium ,Carrier protein ,Immunoglobulin G ,Enterococcus faecalis ,Immunology and Allergy ,glycoconjugate ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Vaccines ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Mouse infection model ,Polysaccharides, Bacterial ,Opsonin Proteins ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,3. Good health ,enterococcal proteins ,Treatment Outcome ,Infectious Diseases ,Bacterial Vaccines ,Vaccines, Subunit ,Rabbits ,Capsular polysaccharide ,Antibody ,Blood Bactericidal Activity ,030106 microbiology ,Biology ,Immunity, Heterologous ,Settore MED/07 - MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA ,Microbiology ,Major Articles and Brief Reports ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bacterial Proteins ,Phagocytosis ,Antigen ,Animals ,Diheteroglycan ,Opsonin ,opsonophagocytic assay ,Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections ,mouse infection model ,Antigens, Bacterial ,Microbial Viability ,Vaccines, Conjugate ,biology.organism_classification ,capsular polysaccharide ,carrier protein ,Disease Models, Animal ,Enterococcal proteins ,030104 developmental biology ,diheteroglycan ,chemistry ,Enterococcus ,vaccine ,biology.protein ,Vaccine - Abstract
Enterococci have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens due to their resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics. Alternative treatments or prevention options are aimed at polysaccharides and surface-related proteins that play important roles in pathogenesis. Previously, we have shown that 2 Enterococcus faecium proteins, the secreted antigen A and the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, as well as the Enterococcus faecalis polysaccharide diheteroglycan, are able to induce opsonic and cross-protective antibodies. Here, we evaluate the use of glycoconjugates consisting of these proteins and an enterococcal polysaccharide to develop a vaccine with broader strain coverage. Diheteroglycan was conjugated to these 2 enterococcal proteins. Rabbit sera raised against these glycoconjugates showed Immunoglobulin G titers against the corresponding conjugate, as well as against the respective protein and carbohydrate antigens. Effective opsonophagocytic killing for the 2 sera was observed against different E. faecalis and E. faecium strains. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays against whole bacterial cells showed immune recognition of 22 enterococcal strains by the sera. Moreover, the sera conferred protection against E. faecalis and E. faecium strains in a mouse infection model. Our results suggest that these glycoconjugates are promising candidates for vaccine formulations with a broader coverage against these nosocomial pathogens and that the evaluated proteins are potential carrier proteins., Enterococcus faecium immunogenic proteins, the secreted antigen A and the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, conjugated to the immunogenic Enterococcus faecalis polysaccharide diheteroglycan are promising vaccine antigens with cross-species opsonic and protective potential to fight infections caused by these nosocomial pathogens.
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- 2019
137. Tracking carrier protein motions with Raman spectroscopy
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Emily S. Winesett, Casey H. Londergan, Samuel C. Epstein, Louise K. Charkoudian, and Adam R. Huff
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0301 basic medicine ,Protein Conformation ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Spectrum Analysis, Raman ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Metabolic engineering ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,Protein structure ,Bacterial Proteins ,stomatognathic system ,lcsh:Science ,Analytical biochemistry ,Biological Products ,Multidisciplinary ,Bacteria ,Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Biosynthetic Pathways ,Transporters ,030104 developmental biology ,Metabolic Engineering ,Carrier protein ,Chemical diversity ,Raman spectroscopy ,symbols ,Biophysics ,Local environment ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,lcsh:Q ,Spectrum analysis ,0210 nano-technology ,Carrier Proteins ,Polyketide synthesis - Abstract
Engineering microbial biosynthetic pathways represents a compelling route to gain access to expanded chemical diversity. Carrier proteins (CPs) play a central role in biosynthesis, but the fast motions of CPs make their conformational dynamics difficult to capture using traditional spectroscopic approaches. Here we present a low-resource method to directly reveal carrier protein-substrate interactions. Chemoenzymatic loading of commercially available, alkyne-containing substrates onto CPs enables rapid visualization of the molecular cargo’s local environment using Raman spectroscopy. This method could clarify the foundations of the chain sequestration mechanism, facilitate the rapid characterization of CPs, and enable visualization of the vectoral processing of natural products both in vitro and in vivo., Acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), a universal and highly conserved carrier of acyl intermediates during fatty acid and polyketide synthesis, are difficult to visualise. Here, the authors developed a facile, Raman spectroscopy-based method to detect ACP-substrate interactions.
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- 2019
138. The brain in flux: Genetic, physiologic, and therapeutic perspectives on transporters in the CNS
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Michael B. Robinson, Arturo Ortega, and Randy D. Blakely
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Brain Chemistry ,Neurotransmitter transporter ,Brain Diseases ,Brain chemistry ,Mechanism (biology) ,Research ,Brain ,Membrane Transport Proteins ,Biological Transport ,Transporter ,Cell Biology ,Biology ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Carrier protein ,Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins ,Animals ,Humans ,WHOLE ANIMAL ,Carrier Proteins ,Flux (metabolism) ,Neuroscience ,Brain function - Abstract
The brain has specific properties that make it uniquely dependent upon transporters. This is the 3rd edition of a biennial special issue that originates from a scientific meeting devoted to studies of transporters and their relationship to brain function and to neurodevelopmental, neurologic, and psychiatric disorders. The field continues to rapidly evolve with advances in studies of structure that inform mechanism, with genetic analyses in humans revealing surprising aspects of biology, and with integrated cellular to whole animal analyses of the role of transporters in their control of physiology and pathophysiology. This special issue includes a sampling of review articles that address timely questions of the field followed by several primary research articles.
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- 2019
139. Polyglutamine Repeats in Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Andrew P. Lieberman, Roger L. Albin, and Vikram G. Shakkottai
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0301 basic medicine ,Important conclusion ,business.industry ,Neurodegeneration ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Bioinformatics ,Article ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Trinucleotide Repeats ,Huntington's disease ,Carrier protein ,medicine ,Spinocerebellar ataxia ,Humans ,Peptides ,business ,Biomarkers ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Among the age-dependent protein aggregation disorders, nine neurodegenerative diseases are caused by expansions of CAG repeats encoding polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts. We review the clinical, pathological, and biological features of these inherited disorders. We discuss insights into pathogenesis gleaned from studies of model systems and patients, highlighting work that informs efforts to develop effective therapies. An important conclusion from these analyses is that expanded CAG/polyQ domains are the primary drivers of neurodegeneration, with the biology of carrier proteins influencing disease-specific manifestations. Additionally, it has become apparent that CAG/polyQ repeat expansions produce neurodegeneration via multiple downstream mechanisms, involving both gain- and loss-of-function effects. This conclusion indicates that the likelihood of developing effective therapies targeting single nodes is reduced. The evaluation of treatments for premanifest disease will likely require new investigational approaches. We highlight the opportunities and challenges underlying ongoing work and provide recommendations related to the development of symptomatic and disease-modifying therapies and biomarkers that could inform future research.
- Published
- 2019
140. Balancing yield, purity and practicality: a modified differential ultracentrifugation protocol for efficient isolation of small extracellular vesicles from human serum
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Melissa A. Orr-Asman, Xiang Zhang, Scott M. Langevin, Hala Elnakat Thomas, Damaris Kuhnell, Jacek Biesiada, and Mario Medvedovic
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Male ,Serum ,RNA, Untranslated ,Sucrose ,viruses ,Biology ,Exosomes ,Extracellular vesicles ,Extracellular Vesicles ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Centrifugation, Density Gradient ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Chromatography ,Technical Paper ,Healthy subjects ,virus diseases ,RNA ,Cell Biology ,respiratory system ,MicroRNAs ,chemistry ,Carrier protein ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Yield (chemistry) ,Female ,Ultracentrifuge ,Ultracentrifugation ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Ultracentrifugation remains the gold standard for isolation of small extracellular vesicles (sEV), particularly for cancer applications. The objective of this study was to determine if a widely used ultracentrifugation protocol for isolation of serum sEV could be modified to reduce the number of ultracentrifugation cycles and increase efficiency, while maintaining equal or better sample purity and yield. Serum was obtained from two healthy subjects. sEVs were isolated from 1 mL aliquots using three different ultracentrifugation protocols. Co-isolation of RNA carrier protein was assessed by performing Western blots for ApoA-I, ApoB, and Ago2. Small RNA-sequencing was performed on the sEV isolates, and differential detection of small ncRNA was compared across isolation protocols. Reduction from three- to two-ultracentrifuge cycles with no sucrose cushion resulted in a much higher sEV yield but also had the highest levels of lipoprotein and Ago2 contamination. However, the two-ultracentrifugation cycle protocol that incorporated a 30% sucrose cushion into the first cycle resulted in slightly higher sEV yields with lower levels of protein contamination compared to the lengthier three-ultracentrifugation cycle approach, therefore presenting a more efficient alternative approach for isolation of serum sEVs. It was also notable that there were some differences in sEV ncRNA cargo according to protocol, although it was less than expected given the differences in co-isolated RNA carrier proteins. Our results suggest that use of the modified serum sEV isolation protocol with two ultracentrifugation cycles and incorporating a 30% sucrose cushion offers a more efficient approach in terms of efficiency and purity.
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- 2019
141. Predictable Peptide Conjugation Ratios by Activation of Proteins with Succinimidyl Iodoacetate (SIA)
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Ioana M. Abbas, Timm Schwaar, Frank Bienwald, and Michael G. Weller
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bioconjugate ,carrier protein ,immunogen ,hapten ,linker ,antibody drug conjugate (ADC) ,drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) ,conjugation ratio ,conjugation density ,carrier load ,click reaction ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The small heterobifunctional linker succinimidyl iodoacetate (SIA) was examined for the preparation of peptide–protein bioconjugates with predicable conjugation ratios. For many conjugation protocols, the protein is either treated with a reductant to cleave disulfide bonds or is reacted with thiolation chemicals, such as Traut’s reagent. Both approaches are difficult to control, need individual optimization and often lead to unsatisfactory results. In another popular approach, a heterobifunctional linker with a N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and a maleimide functionality is applied to the protein. After the activation of some lysine ε-amino groups with the NHS ester functionality, a cysteine-containing peptide is attached to the activated carrier protein via maleimide. Particularly, the maleimide reaction leads to some unwanted byproducts or even cleavage of the linker. Many protocols end up with conjugates with unpredictable and irreproducible conjugation ratios. In addition, the maleimide-thiol addition product should be assumed immunogenic in vivo. To avoid these and other disadvantages of the maleimide approach, we examined the known linker succinimidyl iodoacetate (SIA) in more detail and developed two protocols, which lead to peptide–protein conjugates with predefined average conjugation ratios. This holds potential to eliminate tedious and expensive optimization steps for the synthesis of a bioconjugate of optimal composition.
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- 2017
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142. Tetanus Toxin Fragment C: Structure, Drug Discovery Research and Production
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Caroline Bayart, Angélique Mularoni, Nada Hemmani, Soumeya Kerachni, Joachim Jose, Patrice Gouet, Joseph Paladino, Marc Le Borgne, Sanofi Pasteur [Lyon, France], Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Le Borgne, Marc
- Subjects
[SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM] ,CNS delivery ,[SDV.BBM.BS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM] ,[SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology ,[CHIM.THER] Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry ,[SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology ,Pharmaceutical Science ,[CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry ,immunogenicity ,carrier protein ,vaccine ,[SDV.SP.PHARMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology ,Drug Discovery ,fusion protein ,[SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology ,Molecular Medicine ,neuronal protection ,structure ,production ,uses ,tetanus toxin fragment C - Abstract
International audience; Tetanus toxoid (TTd) plays an important role in the pharmaceutical world, especially in vaccines. The toxoid is obtained after formaldehyde treatment of the tetanus toxin. In parallel, current emphasis in the drug discovery field is put on producing well-defined and safer drugs, explaining the interest in finding new alternative proteins. The tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC) has been extensively studied both as a neuroprotective agent for central nervous system disorders owing to its neuronal properties and as a carrier protein in vaccines. Indeed, it is derived from a part of the tetanus toxin and, as such, retains its immunogenic properties without being toxic. Moreover, this fragment has been well characterized, and its entire structure is known. Here, we propose a systematic review of TTFC by providing information about its structural features, its properties and its methods of production. We also describe the large uses of TTFC in the field of drug discovery. TTFC can therefore be considered as an attractive alternative to TTd and remarkably offers a wide range of uses, including as a carrier, delivery vector, conjugate, booster, inducer, and neuroprotector
- Published
- 2022
143. Citrate-CoA transferase
- Author
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Schomburg, Dietmar, Stephan, Dörte, Schomburg, Dietmar, editor, and Stephan, Dörte, editor
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
144. Holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase
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Schomburg, Dietmar, Stephan, Dörte, Schomburg, Dietmar, editor, and Stephan, Dörte, editor
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- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
145. Biological effect and molecular docking of anticancer palladium and platinum complexes with morpholine dithiocarbamate on human serum albumin as a blood carrier protein
- Author
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Ali Akbar Saboury, Seyed Ali Hosseini, Mahboube Eslami Moghadam, and Maryam Saeidifar
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Organoplatinum Compounds ,Physiology ,Morpholines ,Hsa binding ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Serum Albumin, Human ,010402 general chemistry ,Biological effect ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ,Physiology (medical) ,Morpholine ,medicine ,Humans ,Drug Interactions ,Dithiocarbamate ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,010405 organic chemistry ,Circular Dichroism ,Blood Proteins ,General Medicine ,Human serum albumin ,Combinatorial chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,chemistry ,Carrier protein ,Cisplatin ,Carrier Proteins ,K562 Cells ,Platinum ,Palladium ,Protein Binding ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of [Pd(2,2′-bipyridine) (morpholinedithiocarbamate)]NO3and [Pt (2,2′-bipyridine)(morpholinedithiocarbamate)]NO3with human serum albumin under physiological conditions by using fluorescence, absorption, and circular dichroism spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopic analysis of the emission quenching at different temperatures demonstrated that the quenching mechanism was static quenching. From the circular dichroism results, thermal stability study, it was found that the interaction of the complexes with human serum albumin caused a conformational change of the protein reversibly. These 2 anticancer Pd and Pt complexes were activated against chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562, so that 50% cytotoxic concentration values of 16 and 26 μM for Pd and Pt complexes, respectively, were observed, which were much lower than that of cisplatin (154 μM). Biological activities of both Pd and Pt complexes were also assayed against selective microorganisms by the disc diffusion method. These results showed that the Pd(II) complex is antifungal agent but Pt(II) complex has antibacterial activity. Also, the interaction of both metal derivative complexes was studied by molecular docking. Complementary molecular docking results may be useful to determine the binding mechanism of human serum albumin in pharmaceutical and biophysical studies providing new insight in the novel pharmacology.
- Published
- 2018
146. Trapping the Complex Molecular Machinery of Polyketide and Fatty Acid Synthases with Tunable Silylcyanohydrin Crosslinkers
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Michael D. Burkart, Sho Konno, and James J. La Clair
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0301 basic medicine ,Silicon ,Fatty Acid Synthases ,Molecular Structure ,Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Computational biology ,General Medicine ,Protein labeling ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Catalysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,Polyketide ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cross-Linking Reagents ,030104 developmental biology ,Carrier protein ,Nitriles ,Polyketide Synthases ,Protein crosslinking - Abstract
Many families of natural products are synthesized by large multidomain biological machines commonly referred to as megasynthases. While the advance of mechanism-based tools has opened new windows into the structural features within the protein • protein interfaces guiding carrier protein dependent enzymes, there is an immediate need for tools that can be engaged to link co-translated domains in a site-selective manner. Here, we demonstrate the use of silylcyanohydrins in a two-step, two-site selective crosslinking for the trapping of carrier protein interactions within megasynthases. This advance provides a new tool to trap intermediate states within multimodular systems, a key step toward understanding the specificities within fatty acid (FAS) and polyketide (PKS) synthases.
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- 2018
147. Immunocastration and its effects on carcass and meat traits of male pigs
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Caio Abércio da Silva, Louise Manha Peres, Guilherme Agostinis Ferreira, Barbara de Lima Giangareli, Camila Piechnicki Rogel, Évelyn Rangel dos Santos, Jéssica Gonçalves Vero, Nayara Andreo, and Ana Maria Bridi
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0301 basic medicine ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Longissimus Thoracis ,food and beverages ,Color ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Testicle ,Biology ,Loin ,040201 dairy & animal science ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Backfat thickness ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Animal science ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Carrier protein ,Surgical castration ,medicine ,Gonadotropin-hormone ,Testicle size ,Improvac® ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Lean meat - Abstract
To compose the experiment, 160 male Topgen pigs - 80 surgically castrated (treatment 1) and 80 immunocastrated (treatment 2) - were randomly selected from a commercial swine farm at the moment of slaughter. Surgical castration was performed when the animals were seven days of age and immunocastration was performed by administering two doses (2 mL each) of immunocastration vaccine (analogue of GnRF linked to a carrier protein, development of anti-GnRF antibodies, 200 mg of a GnRF-protein conjugate/mL) when they were 104 and 132 days of age. Animals from both treatments were maintained in masonry stalls, where they received water and ad libitum diet (the same feed for both groups). The animals were slaughtered at 160 days of age, and the length and width of the testicles of immunocastrated animals were evaluated, along with the degree and number of carcass lesions, carcass traits and meat quality of both treatments. The means of these measurements were calculated and compared by Student´s t-test. For the immunocastrated treatment, Pearson´s correlation coefficients were also calculated for testicle length and width with backfat thickness. Approximately 80% of the immunocastrated animals had testicle widths of 11 cm or less. Immunocastrated animals showed higher degrees of lesions, pH (initial and 8 hours), hue, muscle depth and loin eye area and lower brightness, redness, chroma and backfat thickness than the surgically castrated animals. The correlation between testicle length and width with backfat thickness was inverse. Immunocastration can be an alternative to improve the proportion of lean meat (longissimus thoracis) instead of fat (backfat thickness) leading to better carcass and meat quality, since fat has become undesirable from a nutritional point of view in swine.
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- 2018
148. long-chain acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase 1.2.1.80
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Schomburg, Dietmar, Schomburg, Ida, Schomburg, Dietmar, editor, and Schomburg, Ida, editor
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- 2013
- Full Text
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149. ACP-SH:acetate ligase 6.2.1.35
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Schomburg, Dietmar, Schomburg, Ida, Schomburg, Dietmar, editor, and Schomburg, Ida, editor
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- 2013
- Full Text
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150. malonate decarboxylase holo-[acyl-carrier protein] synthase 2.7.7.66
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Schomburg, Dietmar, Schomburg, Ida, Schomburg, Dietmar, editor, and Schomburg, Ida, editor
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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