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This article tries to discover the meaning of the donkey narrative (Num 22:21–35) in the context of Num 22–24. Against common exegetical interpretation it evaluates the coherence with the following blessing narrative (Num 22:41–24:25). In order to do that, a new translation of the crucial verses calls the traditional interpretation into question. Furthermore it is necessary to include the canonical context. This approach will reveal that the donkey narrative is an essential prelude to the blessing of Balaam over Israel.

Several lines of evidence point out the relevance of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome as a pivotal player in regulating the integrity of intestinal homeostasis and shaping innate immune responses during bowel inflammation. Intensive research efforts are being made to achieve an integrated view about the protective/detrimental role of canonical and non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the maintenance of intestinal microenvironment integrity. Evidence is also emerging that the pharmacological modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome could represent a promising molecular target for the therapeutic management of inflammatory immune-mediated gut diseases. The present review has been intended to provide a critical appraisal of the available knowledge about the role of canonical and non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the dynamic interplay between microbiota, intestinal epithelium, and innate immune system, taken together as a whole integrated network regulating the maintenance/breakdown of intestinal homeostasis. Moreover, special attention has been paid to the pharmacological modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, emphasizing the concept that this multiprotein complex could represent a suitable target for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Atwood's The Penelopiad (2005), a feminist rewrite of Penelope's character from Homer's Odyssey, we find that a relationship among women as shown in the novella is dysfunctional and fractured. The subject position of a woman in the narrative has not been of great help to objectified women to the disadvantage of women and their rights. The narrative voice of a woman has not addressed the patriarchal and ideological world constructed on the binaries among women. The women, even in Atwood's writing, have been portrayed in the stereotypical fashion which disrupts sisterhood among female characters and exhibits differential power relations among them. Instead of writing back to the patriarchal canon, we read in the text about the Penelope-Helen rivalry, Penelope-Actoris mistress-slave relationship, Eurycleia-Anticleia tug of war and their displacing Penelope as Odysseus's deputy in the house in his absence, and Penelope's narrative and maids' counter-narrative reflecting on how their uneven relationship capitalized on maids' horrendous slavish sufferings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smoothed representation (based on natural exponential and logarithmic functions) for the canonical piecewise-linear model, is presented. The result is a completely differentiable formulation that exhibits interesting properties, like preserving the parameters of the original piecewise-linear model in such a way that they can be directly inherited to the smooth model in order to determine their parameters, the capability of controlling not only the smoothness grade, but also the approximation accuracy at specific breakpoint locations, a lower or equal overshooting for high order derivatives in comparison with other approaches, and the additional advantage of being expressed in a reduced mathematical form with only two types of inverse functions (logarithmic and exponential). By numerical simulation examples, this proposal is verified and well-illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bedaquiline and clofazimine resistance occurs primarily through Rv0678 variants, a gene encoding a repressor protein that regulates mmpS5 / mmpL5 efflux pump gene expression. Despite the shared effect of both drugs on efflux, little else is known about other pathways affected. We hypothesized that in vitro generation of bedaquiline- or clofazimine-resistant mutants could provide insight into additional mechanisms of action. We performed whole-genome sequencing and determined phenotypic MICs for both drugs on progenitor and mutant progenies. Mutants were induced through serial passage on increasing concentrations of bedaquiline or clofazimine. Rv0678 variants were identified in both clofazimine- and bedaquiline-resistant mutants, with concurrent atpE SNPs occurring in the latter. Of concern was the acquisition of variants in the F420 biosynthesis pathway in clofazimine-resistant mutants obtained from either a fully susceptible ( fbiD : del555GCT) or rifampicin mono-resistant ( fbiA : 283delTG and T862C) progenitor. The acquisition of these variants possibly implicates a shared pathway between clofazimine and nitroimidazoles. Pathways associated with drug tolerance and persistence, F420 biosynthesis, glycerol uptake and metabolism, efflux, and NADH homeostasis appear to be affected following exposure to these drugs. Shared genes affected by both drugs include Rv0678 , glpK , nuoG , and uvrD1 . Genes with variants in the bedaquiline resistant mutants included atpE , fadE28 , truA , mmpL5 , glnH , and pks8 , while clofazimine-resistant mutants displayed ppsD , fbiA , fbiD , mutT3 , fadE18 , Rv0988 , and Rv2082 variants. These results show the importance of epistatic mechanisms as a means of responding to drug pressure and highlight the complexity of resistance acquisition in M. tuberculosis.

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We introduce the concept of Poisson Brackets for classical noise and, in particular, for pairs of canonically conjugate Wiener processes (symplectic noise). Phase space diffusions driven by these processes are considered and the general form of a stochastic process preserving the full (system and noise) Poisson structure is obtained. Making the requirement that the classical stochastic model preserves the joint system and noise Poisson Brackets, we show that the model has actually much in common with quantum markovian models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial needs are evolving fast towards more flexible manufacture schemes. As a consequence, it is often required to adapt the plant production to the demand, which can be volatile depending on the application. This is why it is important to develop tools that can monitor the condition of the process working under varying operational conditions. Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) is a multivariate data driven methodology which has been demonstrated to be superior to other methods, particularly under dynamically changing operational conditions. These comparative studies normally use computer simulated data in benchmark case studies such as the Tennessee Eastman Process Plant (Ricker, N.L. Tennessee Eastman Challenge Archive , Available at 〈 http://depts.washington.edu/control/LARRY/TE/download.html 〉 Accessed 21.03.2014). The aim of this work is to provide a benchmark case to demonstrate the ability of different monitoring techniques to detect and diagnose artificially seeded faults in an industrial scale multiphase flow experimental rig. The changing operational conditions, the size and complexity of the test rig make this case study an ideal candidate for a benchmark case that provides a test bed for the evaluation of novel multivariate process monitoring techniques performance using real experimental data. In this paper, the capabilities of CVA to detect and diagnose faults in a real system working under changing operating conditions are assessed and compared with other methodologies. The results obtained demonstrate that CVA can be effectively applied for the detection and diagnosis of faults in real complex systems, and reinforce the idea that the performance of CVA is superior to other algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of whether the psalm of Jonah 2 is integrative or disruptive in its narrative context greatly effects one's interpretation of the book of Jonah as a whole. While the older historical-critical scholars have almost universally concluded that the psalm of Jonah was a disruptive addition to an otherwise coherent narrative, more recent canonical interpreters have tended to argue for its integrative nature. Utilizing the canonical method of interpretation, this article freshly evaluates the issues and argues for the integrative nature of the psalm of Jonah in its narrative context by exploring: 1) comparative vocabulary between psalm and narrative in Jonah; 2) the phenomenon of Hebrew poetry inserted into narrative; 3) the psalm's contribution to the theme of irony in Jonah; 4) the psalm of Jonah in the broader context of the Book of the Twelve; and 5) a rethinking of the problem of Jonah's conflicted character between psalm and narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cleft palate represents one of the major congenital birth defects in humans. Despite the essential roles of ectodermal canonical Wnt and mesenchymal Wnt signaling in the secondary palate development, the function of mesenchymal canonical Wnt activity in secondary palate development remains elusive. Here we show that Gpr177, a highly conserved transmembrane protein essential for Wnt trafficking, is required for secondary palate development. Gpr177 is expressed in both epithelium and mesenchyme of palatal shelves during mouse development. Wnt1Cre-mediated deletion of Gpr177 in craniofacial neural crest cells leads to a complete cleft secondary palate, which is formed mainly due to aberrant cell proliferation and increased cell death in palatal shelves. By BATGAL staining, we reveal an intense canonical Wnt activity in the anterior palate mesenchyme of E12.5 wild-type embryos but not in Gpr177Wnt1-Cre embryos, suggesting that mesenchymal canonical Wnt signaling activated by Gpr177-mediated mesenchymal Wnts is critical for secondary palate development. Moreover, phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun is impaired in the Gpr177Wnt1-Cre palate and is restored by implantation of Wnt5a-soaked beads in the in vitro palate explants, suggesting that Gpr177 probably regulates palate development via the Wnt5a-mediated noncanonical Wnt pathway in which c-Jun and JNK are involved. Importantly, certain cellular processes and the altered gene expression in palates lacking Gpr177 are distinct from that of the Wnt5a mutant, further demonstrating involvement of other mesenchymal Wnts in the process of palate development. Together, these results suggest that mesenchymal Gpr177 is required for secondary palate development by regulating and integrating mesenchymal canonical and noncanonical Wnt signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The canonical order within the Orthodox Church is of great importance because it determines the entire dogmatic, moral, liturgical and administrative life of the Church. It is therefore fundamental to respect the canonic treasure established by the Holy Apostles, by the Ecumenical Councils, by some local councils and some Church Fathers, and which was appropriated by the Church. This study is intended as a reflection on how the Church relates itself today to this canonical treasure and to what extent its dynamism makes this canonical order be respected or, where appropriate, adapted to the missionary, cultural, pastoral and spiritual needs of each people, as it expressed its loyalty to the faith and teaching of the Church everywhere and always, in certain geographical areas and certain times. Some special situations in the life of the Church, to which reference is made, do not manifest the slightest doubt that it would not respect the canonical tradition established by the Ecumenical Councils and other private councils, but shows its dynamic nature. What we can see today, as deviations or negligence, does not fall within the canonical discipline of the Church, which remained faithful to the Apostolic Tradition, but within its application by each bishop in part, because the whole liturgical, spiritual and moral life of each parish depends, to a great extent, on the exactness or the oikonomia of the application of these regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Poisson structure of intrinsic time gravity is analysed. With the starting point comprising a unimodular three-metric with traceless momentum, a trace-induced anomaly results upon quantization. This leads to a revision of the choice of momentum variable to the (mixed index) traceless momentric. This latter choice unitarily implements the fundamental commutation relations, which now take on the form of an affine algebra with SU(3) Lie algebra amongst the momentric variables. The resulting relations unitarily implement tracelessness upon quantization. The associated Poisson brackets and Hamiltonian dynamics are studied.

This paper provides a new approach to recover relative entropy measures of contemporaneous dependence from limited information by constructing the most entropic copula (MEC) and its canonical form, namely the most entropic canonical copula (MECC). The MECC can effectively be obtained by maximizing Shannon entropy to yield a proper copula such that known dependence structures of data (e.g., measures of association) are matched to their empirical counterparts. In fact the problem of maximizing the entropy of copulas is the dual to the problem of minimizing the Kullback-Leibler cross entropy (KLCE) of joint probability densities when the marginal probability densities are fixed. Our simulation study shows that the proposed MEC estimator can potentially outperform many other copula estimators in finite samples.

Traditional derivations of general relativity (GR) from the graviton degrees of freedom assume spacetime Lorentz covariance as an axiom. In this paper, we survey recent evidence that GR is the unique spatially-covariant effective field theory of the transverse, traceless graviton degrees of freedom. The Lorentz covariance of GR, having not been assumed in our analysis, is thus plausibly interpreted as an accidental or emergent symmetry of the gravitational sector. From this point of view, Lorentz covariance is a necessary feature of low-energy graviton dynamics, not a property of spacetime. This result has revolutionary implications for fundamental physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An original result about Hilbert Positive Propositional Calculus introduced in [11] is proven. That is, it is shown that the pseudo-canonical formulae of that calculus (and hence also the canonical ones, see [17]) are a subset of the classical tautologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wnt signaling determines major developmental processes in the embryonic state and regulates maintenance, self-renewal and differentiation of adult mammalian tissue stem cells. Both β-catenin dependent and independent Wnt pathways exist, and both affect stem cell fate in developing and adult tissues. In this review, we debate the response to Wnt signal activation in embryonic stem cells and human, adult stem cells of mesenchymal, hematopoetic, intestinal, gastric, epidermal, mammary and neural lineages, and discuss the need for Wnt signaling in these cell types. Due to the vital actions of Wnt signaling in developmental and maintenance processes, deregulation of the pathway can culminate into a broad spectrum of developmental and genetic diseases, including cancer. The way in which Wnt signals can feed tumors and maintain cancer stem stells is discussed as well. Manipulation of Wnt signals both in vivo and in vitro thus carries potential for therapeutic approaches such as tissue engineering for regenerative medicine and anti-cancer treatment. Although many questions remain regarding the complete Wnt signal cell-type specific response and interplay of Wnt signaling with pathways such as BMP, Hedgehog and Notch, we hereby provide an overview of current knowledge on Wnt signaling and its control over human stem cell fate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object constancy is one of the most crucial mechanisms of the human visual system enabling viewpoint invariant object recognition. However, the neuronal foundations of object constancy are widely unknown. Research has shown that the ventral visual stream is involved in processing of various kinds of object stimuli and that several regions along the ventral stream are possibly sensitive to the orientation of an object in space. To systematically address the question of viewpoint sensitive object perception, we conducted a study with stroke patients as well as an fMRI experiment with healthy participants applying object stimuli in several spatial orientations, for example in typical and atypical viewing conditions. In the fMRI experiment, we found stronger BOLD signals and above-chance classification accuracies for objects presented in atypical viewing conditions in fusiform face sensitive and lateral occipito-temporal object preferring areas. In the behavioral patient study, we observed that lesions of the right fusiform gyrus were associated with lower performance in object recognition for atypical views. The complementary results from both experiments emphasize the contributions of fusiform and lateral-occipital areas to visual object constancy and indicate that visual object constancy is particularly enabled through increased neuronal activity and specific activation patterns for objects in demanding viewing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the relation between formal analysis and interpretation in three periods of the theoretical work of the architect Peter Eisenman: a) formalist, b) struc-turalis, and c) post-structuralist ones. In the first period the formal analysis enriched by "complex dialectics" of generic and specific forms prevails. In the second period the formal analysis is influenced by semiotic analysis via self-reflecting sign, yet rep-resentation does not refer to any external but mostly to internal formal processes. In the third period the formal analysis is enriched by textual interpretation, together ful-filling the ambition of close reading of architecture. Master work, critical work and canonical work represent three model situations of close reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oscillator model on nonrelativistic Canonical (soft), Lie-Algebraic deformation noncommutative space and deformed Heisenberg-Weyl Algebra noncomutative phase space are analyzed. For canonical deformation the additional dynamical effects are absent. For two kinds of Lie-Algebraic deformation space the additional effects are generated. Remarkably angular frequency ω is stepfunction, non-periodic function, and contains imaginary frequency. The corresponding particle trajectory varies greatly along with the deformation and time parameter $\hat{k}$, t. For deformed Heisenberg-Weyl Algebra noncommutative phase space the additional corrections are generated. K, ω and particle trajectory have constant second-order correction with deformation parameters Θ and Π, but the particle still keep trajectory of classical oscillator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radical cations [Met-Gly], [Gly-Met], and [Met-Met] have been generated through collision-induced dissociation (CID) of [Cu(CHCN)(peptide)] complexes. Their fragmentation patterns and dissociation mechanisms have been studied both experimentally and theoretically using density functional theory at the UB3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. The captodative structure, in which the radical is located at the α-carbon of the N-terminal residue and the proton is on the amide oxygen, is the lowest energy structure on each potential energy surface. The canonical structure, with the charge and spin both located on the sulfur, and the distonic ion with the proton on the terminal amino group, and the radical on the α-carbon of the C-terminal residue have similar energies. Interconversion between the canonical structures and the captodative isomers is facile and occurs prior to fragmentation. However, isomerization to produce the distonic structure is energetically less favorable and cannot compete with dissociation except in the case of [Gly-Met]. Charge-driven dissociations result in formation of [ b - H] and a ions. Radical-driven dissociation leads to the loss of the side chain of methionine as CH-S-CH = CH producing α-glycyl radicals from both [Gly-Met] and [Met-Met]. For [Met-Met], loss of the side chain occurs at the C-terminal as shown by both labeling experiments and computations. The product, the distonic ion of [Met-Gly], NHCH(CHCHSCH)CONHCHCOOH dissociates by loss of CHS. The isomeric distonic ion NHCHCONHC(CHCHSCH)COOH is accessible directly from the canonical [Gly-Met] ion. A fragmentation pathway that characterizes this ion (and the distonic ion of [Met-Met]) is homolytic fission of the C-C bond to lose CHSCH. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Univariate methods are very helpful when utilized appropriately within the research analysis. However, there are many occasions in which only multivariate methods will satisfy an optimal assessment. In this case, multivariate methods will permit the researcher to incorporate many variables within a single research analysis. This work reviews the use of multivariate methods and how to apply them in clinical medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows how a Poisson distribution can be derived from the principle of maximum entropy for a random cluster of 'particles'. The idea is adapted from statistical physics with the help of the order statistics for a sample of size N. Using a large collection of independent particles, we use partition functions and maximum entropy to derive the Poisson distribution. This result is extended to the case of exchangeable random variables, conditioned on a σ-field. We suggest the Poisson as a baseline for modelling the distribution of a large variety of random clusters and social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 332-339 Background: Canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways modulate diverse cellular processes during embryogenesis and post-natally. Their deregulations have been implicated in cancer development and progression. Wnt signaling is essential for odontogenesis. The ameloblastoma is an odontogenic epithelial neoplasm of enamel organ origin. Altered expressions of Wnts-1, -2, -5a, and -10a are detected in this tumor. The activity of other Wnt members remains unclarified. Materials and Methods: Canonical (Wnts-1, -2, -3, -8a, -8b, -10a, and -10b), non-canonical (Wnts-4, -5a, -5b, -6, 7a, -7b, and -11), and indeterminate groups (Wnts-2b and -9b) were examined immunohistochemically in 72 cases of ameloblastoma (19 unicystic [UA], 35 solid/multicystic [SMA], eight desmoplastic [DA], and 10 recurrent [RA]). Results: Canonical Wnt proteins (except Wnt-10b) were heterogeneously expressed in ameloblastoma. Their distribution patterns were distinctive with some overlap. Protein localization was mainly membranous and/or cytoplasmic. Overexpression of Wnt-1 in most subsets (UA = 19/19; SMA = 35/35; DA = 5/8; RA = 7/10) ( P < 0.05), Wnt-3 in granular cell variant ( n = 3/3), and Wnt-8b in DA ( n = 8/8) was key observations. Wnts-8a and -10a demonstrated enhanced expression in tumoral buddings and acanthomatous areas. Non-canonical and indeterminate Wnts were absent except for limited Wnt-7b immunoreactivity in UA ( n = 1/19) and SMA ( n = 1/35). Stromal components expressed variable Wnt positivity. Conclusion: Differential expression of Wnt ligands in different ameloblastoma subtypes suggests that the canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways are selectively activated or repressed depending on the tumor cell differentiation status. Canonical Wnt pathway is most likely the main transduction pathway while Wnt-1 might be the key signaling molecule involved in ameloblastoma tumorigenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The WNT/β-CATENIN signaling cascade is crucial for the patterning of the early lung morphogenesis in mice, but its role in the developing human lung remains to be determined. In this study, expression patterns of canonical WNT/β-CATENIN signaling components, including WNT ligands (WNT2, WNT7B), receptors (FZD4, FZD7, LRP5, LRP6), transducers (DVL2, DVL3, GSK-3β, β-CATENIN, APC, AXIN2), transcription factors (TCF4, LEF1) and antagonists (SOSTDC1) were examined in human embryonic lung at 7, 12, 17 and 21 weeks of gestation (W) by real-time qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Results: qRT-PCR analysis showed that some of these components were gradually upregulated, while some were significantly downregulated from the 7 W to the 12 W. However, most components reached a high level at 17 W, with a subsequent decrease at 21 W. In situ hybridization showed that the canonical WNT ligands and receptors were predominantly located in the peripheral epithelium, whereas the canonical WNT signal transducers and transcription factors were not only detected in the respiratory epithelium, but some were also scattered at low levels in the surrounding mesenchyme in the developing human lung. Furthermore, Western blot, qRT-PCR and histological analysis demonstrated that the β-CATENIN-dependent WNT signaling in embryonic human lung was activated in vitro by CHIR 99021 stimulation. Conclusions: This study of the expression patterns and in vitro activity of the canonical WNT/β-CATENIN pathways suggests that these components play an essential role in regulation of human lung development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a conserved signalling system essential for embryonic development and for the maintenance of self-renewal pathways in progenitor cells. Mutations that deregulate Hh signalling are directly implicated in basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma. The mechanisms of Hh pathway activation in cancers in which no pathway mutations have been identified are less clear, but of great translational significance. Small molecule inhibitors of the pathway, many of which are in early phase clinical trials, may shed further light on this question. Canonical Hh signalling promotes the expression of target genes through the Glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) transcription factors. There is now increasing evidence suggesting that 'non-canonical' Hh signalling mechanisms, some of which are independent of GLI-mediated transcription, may be important in cancer and development. The focus of this review is to summarise some of the known mechanisms of Hh signalling as well as its emerging role in cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The apparent tension between the moral codes of the Old and New Testaments constitutes a perennial problem for Christian ethics. Scholars who have taken this problem seriously have often done so in ways that presume sharp discontinuity between the Testaments. They then proceed to devise a system for identifying what is or is not relevant today, or what pertains to this or that particular social sphere. John Howard Yoder brings fresh perspectives to this perennial problem by refuting the presumption of intratestamental discontinuity. Throughout multiple scattered works on the Old Testament, Yoder offers a coherent and provocative narration that culminates in the way of Christ and establishes the ethical continuity of the entire biblical canon. This essay presents the basic parameters of Yoder's Old Testament narration, suggests points where revision is needed, and highlights several implications for social ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Gröbner bases are the computational method par excellence for studying polynomial systems. In the case of parametric polynomial systems one has to determine the reduced Gröbner basis in dependence of the values of the parameters. In this article, we present the algorithm GröbnerCover which has as inputs a finite set of parametric polynomials, and outputs a finite partition of the parameter space into locally closed subsets together with polynomial data, from which the reduced Gröbner basis for a given parameter point can immediately be determined. The partition of the parameter space is intrinsic and particularly simple if the system is homogeneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Several naturalized sheep breeds in the South American continent have little objective information available and as population size is becoming smaller the need for this information becomes more critical. The objective of this study was to differentiate between naturalized breeds in Brazil, Uruguay and Colombia using morphological descriptors and compare them with commercial breeds. The amount of 928 morphometric measurements and 2918 weights were collected. Phenotypic characterization was carried out using size, weight, colour and conformation of the animals, as well as 16 morphometric measurements of the animals. Phenotypic data were analysed using PROC GLM, CORR and PRINCOMP of Statistical Analysis System (SAS®). The distance between breeds was carried out using morphometric and morphological data using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic Mean) method to create a dendrogram. Phenotypic characterization was shown to be an accessible and easy to use tool in conservation and breeding programs. The breed was the most important factor to differentiate between the animals measured, and adult weight most influenced by the environment. Commercial breeds were larger and Santa Inês animals from the Center-west and Southwest closer to Bergamasca than in other regions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article provides proof that the subdivision into canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways solely based on the identity of Wnt ligands or Frizzled receptors is no longer appropriate. Wnt proteins refers to secreted glycoproteins acting as signaling molecules. Wnt proteins have several functions including regulation of gene expression, cell cycle and proliferation, and cell migration. A discussion of the nuclear components of β-catenin signaling is provided.

Interpreting the diamond of modal logic as the derivative, we present a topological canonical model for extensions of K4 and show completeness for various logics. We also show that if a logic is topologically canonical, then it is relationally canonical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: There has been much interest in testing from finite state machines (FSMs) as a result of their suitability for modelling or specifying state-based systems. Where there are multiple ports/interfaces a multi-port FSM is used and in testing, a tester is placed at each port. If the testers cannot communicate with one another directly and there is no global clock then we are testing in the distributed test architecture. It is known that the use of the distributed test architecture can affect the power of testing and recent work has characterised this in terms of local s-equivalence: in the distributed test architecture we can distinguish two FSMs, such as an implementation and a specification, if and only if they are not locally s-equivalent. However, there may be many FSMs that are locally s-equivalent to a given FSM and the nature of these FSMs has not been explored. This paper examines the set of FSMs that are locally s-equivalent to a given FSM . It shows that there is a unique smallest FSM and a unique largest FSM that are locally s-equivalent to . Here smallest and largest refer to the set of traces defined by an FSM and thus to its semantics. We also show that for a given FSM the set of FSMs that are locally s-equivalent to defines a bounded lattice. Finally, we define an FSM that, amongst all FSMs locally s-equivalent to , has fewest states. We thus give three alternative canonical FSMs that are locally s-equivalent to an FSM : one that defines the smallest set of traces, one that defines the largest set of traces, and one with fewest states. All three provide valuable information and the first two can be produced in time that is polynomial in terms of the number of states of . We prove that the problem of finding an s-equivalent FSM with fewest states is NP-hard in general but can be solved in polynomial time for the special case where there are two ports. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This is the continuation of Montes’ paper “On the canonical discussion of polynomial systems with parameters”. In this paper, we define the Minimal Canonical Comprehensive Gröbner System of a parametric ideal and fix under which hypothesis it exists and is computable. An algorithm to obtain a canonical description of the segments of the Minimal Canonical CGS is given, thus completing the whole MCCGS algorithm (implemented in Maple and Singular). We show its high utility for applications, such as automatic theorem proving and discovering, and compare it with other existing methods. A way to detect a counterexample to deny its existence is outlined, although the high number of tests done give evidence of the existence of the Minimal Canonical CGS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract-This paper presents a new approach to the design of canonical dual-mode cavity filters within representation theory. Instead of the folded canonical coupling matrix, which results from using the resonances of the empty cavities as a basis, a representation based on the resonances of the cavities with all perturbations present is used. The resulting coupling matrix takes the form of a cul-de-sac configuration. For canonical dual-mode filters with a symmetric response, it allows direct design of the entire structure, except of the input cavity that requires optimization. A sixth-order filter with two symmetrically located transmission zeros is presented to document the validity of the approach. A sixth-order filter with two transmission zeros above the passband is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classical canonical correlation analysis is extremely greedy to maximize the squared correlation between two sets of variables. As a result, if one of the variables in the dataset-1 is very highly correlated with another variable in the dataset-2, the canonical correlation will be very high irrespective of the correlation among the rest of the variables in the two datasets. We intend here to propose an alternative measure of association between two sets of variables that will not permit the greed of a select few variables in the datasets to prevail upon the fellow variables so much as to deprive the latter of contributing to their representative variables or canonical variates. Our proposed Representation-Constrained Canonical correlation (RCCCA) Analysis has the Classical Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCCA) at its one end (?=0) and the Classical Principal Component Analysis (CPCA) at the other (as ? tends to be very large). In between it gives us a compromise solution. By a proper choice of ?, one can avoid hijacking of the representation issue of two datasets by a lone couple of highly correlated variables across those datasets. This advantage of the RCCCA over the CCCA deserves a serious attention by the researchers using statistical tools for data analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]