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In the nineteenth century, before farmers could purchase inexpensive chemical fertilizers, farmers on Prince Edward Island looked to the sea and the shore for nutrients to add to their soils. When disputes over who had the right to gather seaweed led to litigation, judges ruled that the owners of property fronting on the shore had the exclusive right to seaweed cast up on the shore, both above and below the high water mark. These rulings did little to dispel the popular perception that seaweed, a gift of nature, was a common resource that belonged to the people who collected it. Repeated attempts to settle the matter with legislation produced much talk about what property rights the law should uphold, and why, but ultimately, most Island legislators, as well as colonial administrators in London, proved unwilling to support legislation that might interfere with private property rights protected by the common law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the personal and financial problems of the people of Nottingham, Great Britain in the early 1840s and the emigration of people to New Zealand that . Also discussed is the petition filed on behalf of an agricultural labourer German Hodgkinson and his wife and framework knitter Mary Ann by Nottingham-based Company agent Mr J.W. Haythorn and their journey to New Zealand colony. Also discussed is the economy of these makeshifts and interest of Germans in making these colonies

An essay is presented that discusses the Atakpame scandal, which involved conflicts and accusations regarding Kaiserreich German colonial officials in Togo from 1902 to 1906. Topics include public opinion on reports of alleged violence and sexual misconduct by officials that reached Germany in 1906, German public opinion regarding missionaries and native peoples in Togo, and public opinion in Togo regarding forced labor and excessive taxation by Atakpame district commissioner Geo Schmidt.

An introduction is presented wherein the editor discusses various reports published in the issue on topics including how the imperatives of the British imperialist project informed the lives of those men who served as colonial administrators, journalists and business leaders.

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This article attempts to provide a revisionist perspective of South east Asia's historical icon by examining in detail Sir Thomas Raffles' discursive strategies that sought to justify the study and preservation of Hinduism and Buddhism in the Malay World. Foremost within such strategies was by way of portraying Hinduism and Buddhism as practised by the Malays as a binary opposite of Islam. Secondly, Raffles sought to demonstrate the affinities of Hinduism and Buddhism with European Traditions. Last but not least, he argued that the legacies of Hinduism and Buddhism in the Malay World were suffering from a climate of decline. Most importantly, the article demonstrates ways in which Raffles' discourse is revealing of the influence of dominant methodologies and ideologies amongst Europeans during his milieu., By any standard, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles was a remarkable figure. Remembered as one of the most dedicated colonial administrator in the history of Southeast Asia, his fame has been [...]

The territory of Saint-Domingue, the richest French colony of the 18th century, was structured by the plantation economy which developed on the island. The existence of two important cities on the island (Port-au-Prince and Le Cap) provides a way of approaching this issue. The site of political and economic power, the city was also the preferred place of residence of the colonial administrators. This assertion is not, in the colonial context of Saint-Domingue, by any means obvious. Indeed, many administrators preferred to live on their plantations to allow them to manage their personal property, rather than in the city. Thus, the issue of the urban residency of administrators can be seen to be relevant to the study of colonial societies, opening up multiple questions: which specific features of urban development characterised the colonial city? What are the various types of urban accommodation in which the colonial administrators lived? What are the characteristics of these? Is to understand these questions ultimately equivalent to investigating the perception of the administrators of the colonial city and the use they made of the urban space?

Colonial rule had long-lasting effects on economic and political development. However, colonial policies and investments varied across and within colonial territories, often in response to local geographic and political conditions. We argue that the religious basis of authority in pre-colonial societies was an important political factor shaping the colonial response in Africa. In particular, we argue the presence of Islamic rule affected long-term economic development through its impact on the investments made by colonial administrators and missionaries. Focusing on historical kingdoms in Africa, we find that areas governed by Islamic states in the pre-colonial period experience higher infant mortality, fewer years of education, and lower density of nightlights in the contemporary period in comparison to areas governed by traditional or Christian kingdoms or stateless areas. The evidence suggests that these long-run effects of Islamic rule are better explained by the location of missionaries and weak penetration of the colonial administration than by the influence of Islamic beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the historical archives that document the land claims filed by indigenous communities in Mendoza, Argentina during the 19th century. The author explains that Huarpe Indians and Laguneros had kept documents of land surveys and lawsuits concerning land tenure since the early colonial period. He discusses the establishment of Indian communities in relation to the development of Spanish colonies, explores the lawsuits by the colonial administrator known as the "Protector de Indios," and examines how property rights were impacted by local politics.

Historians have tended to suggest that Britain's colonial officials demonstrated an esprit de corps, and that this is testament to the efficacy of public schooling in generating social cohesion. Examining Britain's officials in seven different colonies in sub-Saharan Africa, this article will argue that differences in working conditions, approaches to work and officials' backgrounds, such as conflicts between officials from 'military' and 'civilian' backgrounds, all caused deep fragmentations in the colonial services. Most significantly, officials were irreconcilably torn between a need for company as a means of maintaining morale, and a desire for freedom from the constraints of colonial society. Living in insular communities driven by gossip and marked by the need to keep up appearances for fear of ostracism from their peers, officials felt unable to experience an 'authentic' Africa and live out the romanticized dreams of individualism that had motivated many to leave for Africa in the first place. This sense of feeling trapped bred resentment towards one's fellow officials. Consequently, public schools were unable to surmount other factors in shaping how officials regarded one other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on political mobility within the aristocracy in the late Roman Empire. It comments on relations between provincial aristocrats and the civilian imperial bureaucracy, particularly considering recruitment to the imperial bureaucratic service. Other topics include differences between eastern and western parts of the Empire, upward social mobility, and the views of orator Libanius.

The article discusses 19th-century correspondence sent between British colonial administrators from the Moreton Bay penal colony in Queensland and British government officials. Focus is given to correspondence sent between such figures as British Secretary of State Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst, English judge John Thomas Bigge, and New South Wales Governor Sir Thomas Brisbane as a means to explain the establishment of the colony.

The role of influence -- what constitutes it, how it works and who exercises it--is the subject of much research on British foreign and defence policy making in the twentieth century. This article introduces a possible new character to the interwar British imperial defence policy making system, the 27th Earl of Crawford and Balcarres. The focus of the article is on the Imperial, as well as the British, nature of that system, emphasizing the informal nature of the information flows which influenced and created strategic policy. As well, the article places the Anglo-American strategic relationship at the heart of the imperial defence system, showing the connectivity required within the system to deal with issues presented by the growing importance of America to the British system of lmperial Defence, not only in the Atlanticist context, but in the global/imperial sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing its information from different documents in Portuguese and French archives, this article examines the evolution of Portuguese colonial policies towards Islam, focusing on the special case of Mozambique. Such policies evolved from an attitude of neglect and open repression, prevalent in the early years of the colonial war that broke out in 1965, when Muslims were perceived as the main supporters of the anti-colonial guerrilla in northern Mozambique, to an approach that tried to isolate ‘African Muslims’ from foreign influences in order to align them with the Portuguese. The article analyses the latter strategy, assessing its successes and failures, and the contributions made by several of those who were involved. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the practice of Buddhism by the people of South East Asia. It informs that being an ethnic minority, the Karen constituted the second largest population group after the Burman and were known for their large-scale conversion to Christianity. It also informs the Karen formed the first ethnically oriented organization in close association with the British colonial administrators.

During the early nineteenth century, a number of seemingly antithetical developments shaped the British Empire and the wider world, among them evangelical humanism, antislavery and emancipation, the invasion of indigenous peoples’ lands by waves of British settlers, the rapid expansion of the settler colonies, and the consolidation of British rule and designs for the redevelopment of India. Against this backdrop, this article draws attention to significant shifts in the nature of humane governance and opens up a theoretical intersection among life geography, colonial discourse analysis, and assemblage theory. It focuses on the career in British colonial governance of George Arthur, successively Aide de Camp in Jersey, Quarter Master General in Jamaica, Superintendent of Honduras, Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land, Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, and Governor of the Bombay Presidency. Situating Arthur as an individual component within emergent colonial governmental assemblages, I examine the ways in which an individual like Arthur could effect and be affected by shifts in humanitarian and governmental discourse and practice. The geographies of Arthur's entanglements in colonial discourses were paramount in affecting the nature and extent of his capacity to effect reformulation of those discourses. Arthur's personal performances and expressions of colonial government in different sites of empire and through specific episodes of contestation assisted in the deterritorialization of certain kinds of colonial governmentality and the reterritorialization of others. As Arthur moved from the West Indies to Van Diemen's Land to Upper Canada to India, so his person discernibly effected shifts from ameliorative through conservative humanitarian to developmental forms of imperial governance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Colonial race relations in the Virgin Islands developed as a graded color/class system that invented the category of whiteness with power and blackness with slavery. Between the two ends of the socioracial spectrum a population of freepersons of color emerged. Examination of two landscapes, one rural and the other urban, demonstrates how socially defined racial groups used landscapes to create, maintain, and transform racial identities. Focus on a Moravian estate landscape in each setting reveals a strong commitment to the ideology of white superiority espoused by the colonial authorities and landowning elite. After freepersons of color were granted full citizenship (1830) and the abolition of slavery (1848), socially defined racial groups in rural and urban settings used distinctly different spatial and social strategies to make claims about their racial identities in an environment of continued white privilege. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 1887 to 1946, the administrative apparatus known as the indigénat provided French administrators in New Caledonia with a set of exceptional measures to streamline the governing and summary repression of persons defined as indigènes (‘natives’). This paper examines the place of the indigénat, the role of colonial administrators in defining one or more communities of race and the variable status of the category of indigène in New Caledonia in the period to 1946. Particular consideration is given to the influence (or absence thereof) of the science of race on administrative thinking about native policy in New Caledonia, the distinctions drawn between different categories of indigène, the extent to which cultural and political divisions between the Grande terre (mainland) and the Loyalty Islands were imagined or constructed in racial terms and the situation of métis (‘half-castes’). The paper argues that an incipient definition of the indigène as a person of Melanesian, Polynesian, mixed or Oceanian race must be understood in the context of the development of the indentured labour and immigration regimes (the importation of workers from Asia and other parts of Oceania) as well as the ways in which the indigénat was differently applied and experienced between New Caledonia's mainland and its dependencies (notably the Loyalty Islands), as well as by métis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the analysis of the financial policies and legal initiatives, among selected West African countries, which can protect and attract foreign direct investment (FDI). It states that the challenges in the African development were brought by its laws including the unfavorable foreign economic laws, colonial administrators, and autocratic rules. It adds the assessment on the domestic community involvement with foreign investment amidst the government's promotion and policies.

Struggles over indigeneity in Aotearoa/New Zealand have their roots in events that occurred before the creation of the nation. Ten years before the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, the founding document of relations between Māori and colonial Britain, there was a massacre at the site of Takapuneke. The event helped to give birth to the nation and immediately started the struggle of Māori indigeneity against the increasingly politically dominant colonials. There are parallel struggles in contemporary New Zealand, as the country debates and attempts to rectify the concept of a bi-cultural society. These on-going struggles can help us understand how Māori are able to exercise agency and engage in practices that allow them to promote their indigeneity. The contemporary events around the site of the massacre at Takapuneke will illustrate such a struggle between the local Māori at Onuku and three bureaucratic and civic organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article considers the urban reforms, growth, and development that took place in Mexico City, Mexico, during the 18th century. The author highlights the study of contemporary city plans, diagrams, and paintings that depict the increasing urban renewal projects that were undertaken at the time. She also comments on the influence of the colonial administrators on these development projects, including the reorganization of the city into cuarteles (quarters), the reform of parishes, and the introduction of censuses. The role of cartographer José Antonio Alzate y Ramírez in creating new city plans is also described.

This article discusses the relationship between Spain and its colonial territories in the Americas, particularly in Cusco, Peru. The author examines the influence of the distance between the two entities on the administration of the colony, including the development of political and economic inequalities. He gives particular focus to the absence of the Spanish monarch in the colonies and highlights the heavy reliance on local government authorities, such as viceroys, during the time of Charles II in the late 17th century.

The article discusses the impact of the 1898 Andijan uprising, led by Sufi leader Muhammad Ali Sabyr (Dukchi Ishan) against Russian Tsarist authority in modern-day Uzbekistan, on the rise of paranoia among colonial officials regarding the Muslims of Turkestan. The author argues that these fears were connected to the rise of a pan-Islamic movement in Russian-controlled Central Asia and the forging of a possible alliance between the area's Muslims and the Ottoman Empire. Particular focus is given to the reaction of colonial official and artillery captain Nil Sergeevich Lykoshin to the uprising.

Pendant la période de domination coloniale française, les réactions disparates et souvent contradictoires des missionnaires catholiques et des autorités françaises face aux religions non-catholiques ont été source de conlit dans la poursuite de leurs visions respectives de la "mission civilisatrice." Cet article explore l'effet de l'émergence du Protestantisme sur les relations Église-État dans le Vietnam colonial. Même si l'Église et l'État partageaient des doutes quant au Protestantisme, les limites des structures légales et de police de l'État et les partisans inluents du Protestantisme au sein de la gauche politique, ont assuré au Protestantisme une présence sociale et une position protégée que les Catholiques interprétaient comme un produit de l'anticléricalisme républicain. La consolidation de la présence protestante fut donc un facteur important dans la détérioration des relations Église-État à la in de l'époque coloniale. Cet article désigne les religions locales comme un élément crucial des relations Église-État dans l'empire français, sans parallèle dans la vie politique ou sociale métropolitaine, ce qui requiert de placer "les relations Église-État" plus directement dans le contexte colonial particulier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En 1738, Mère Marguerite Ste. Gertrude Marquez et six Ursulines embarquèrent pour la côte Est de l'Inde, leur objectif étant de remplir la mission apostolique de leur ordre en ouvrant une école aux ins d'éduquer les illes des colons français de la ville de Pondichéry. Deux ans plus tard, cependant, elles ne disposaient toujours ni d'un cloitre, ni d'un confesseur, ni d'une école et pas davantage de la garantie que tout ceci allait être prochainement mis à leur disposition. Les conditions de vie étaient en fait si effroyables que Sœur Marie Chrysostome, l'une des six Ursulines, it la requête d'être rapatriée en France en raison du fait qu'elle "ne peut pas, de par son tempérament, exister dans un tel endroit sans vivre dans un cloitre, un endroit qui lui est étranger et dont les habitations ne sont pas différentes de celles des laïcs." Les nonnes de Marquez vivaient dans des quartiers temporaires du district européen d'une ville en prise à un climat politique tendu dont les 100 000 habitants étaient en majorité des Indiens de religion hindou. Sœur Marquez craignait que d'autres de ses Ursulines ne suivent l'exemple de Sœur Chrysostome. La subsistance de ces six nonnes ursulines, déterminées quoique vulnérables, souleva parmi les autorités locales la question clé suivante: "Qui est le véritable dirigeant des Ursulines de Pondichéry?" Cette simple question est révélatrice des luttes complexes de pouvoir entre les diverses autorités coloniales de l'Inde française et des colonies françaises en général. Ce cas d'un groupe de sœurs ursulines et de leur mission ratée en Inde, quoique peu connu, n'en est pas moins lourd de sens dans l'histoire des missionnaires ursulines; il éclaire de surcroît d'un nouveau jour les questions relatives à la femme, l'Église et l'État dans le projet colonial français en Inde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the representation of Tenberry, a Ngaiwong man from Moorundie on the Murray River in South Australia, and his significant place in the colonial discourse of European settlement and race relations over the first decades of settlement. From around 1845, when he made his first public appearance in the engraved frontispiece to Edward John Eyre's journals of exploration, his image was circulated through explorer's narratives, pioneer reminiscences, evangelical propaganda, the developing colonial art scene, scientific collections, and popular press accounts. Producing and circulating stereotypes such as 'King' Tenberry and his 'manly' and 'amiable' son Warrulan systematically defined Indigenous Australia for British colonists; with all the power, clarity and seeming truth of visual imagery, these allowed them to see Tenberry as guardian of tradition and the past, in counterpoint to visions of Warrulan's future, whose 'capacity for improvement,' once removed from his people, gave settlers cause for hope. As these images travelled from Moorundie to the centres of Empire, they mapped a global visual economy that told the colonisers' story of progress, displacing the Indigenous people in imagined but powerful ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstruction of the local impacts of imperial expansion is often hindered by insufficiently detailed indigenous demographic data. In the case of Spanish expansion in the Americas, native population declines are widely observed, but underlying dynamics are still incompletely understood. This paper uses a 1569 survey of more than 800 nontributary indigenous households in the Yucay Valley (highland Peru) to investigate demographic changes occurring during the Spanish transformation of the Inka imperial heartland. A suite of demographic analyses reveals that while the study population experienced significant demographic stresses, fertility rates recovered to levels that would lead to population growth in the long term. These new perspectives on indigenous fertility indicate that some rural Andean populations successfully adapted to new imperial arrangements. Long-term demographic declines in the Yucay Valley and surrounding region may thus be attributed to recurring disasters (especially epidemic disease) and an insatiable colonial administration that was not sufficiently flexible or sensitive to dynamics of demographic flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Life without Empire: Audiencia Ministers after Independence" draws upon sources from Spain's national, regional, and university archives to examine men with audiencia positions in Spain and in the Indies from the end of the sale of appointments in 1750 to 1821. In 1750 these ministers shared backgrounds of gender and university study of civil law, canon law, or both. They differed in regard to place of birth, the purchase of an initial audiencia appointment, age at first appointment, educational experience and university affiliation, prior government service and university teaching, and the extent of prominent letrado relatives serving audiencias, chancellories, and councils. By 1808 these differences had largely disappeared and a much more homogenous corps of ministers served on the tribunals. The changes in background facilitated the incorporation into the Spanish courts of a substantial number of ministers with American service after independence. Many creole and the few peninsular ministers who remained in the Americas after independence also obtained positions there. Compared to intendants and bishops in the Americas, ministers on New World audiencias proved relatively successful in securing posts after independence. In terms of subsequent offices held, the handful of creole audiencia ministers that emigrated to Spain fared better than the peninsulars that remained in the newly independent states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the study of projects conceived to shape colonial space, this article aims to reconsider the motives and means of French colonial expansion in West Africa in the 1880s and 1890s. The Plan Faidherbe, designed by the Governor of Senegal in the 1860s, outlined a plan for eastward development, including a road and rail link between the Senegal and the Niger Rivers (and beyond, between Algeria and Sudan). The implementation of these routes of penetration called for a number of military-led topographic missions. The study of these missions and of the maps that were produced at the time reveal how such projects and their implementation were mediated by both cartographic and field practices. The case of Captain Henry Brosselard (1855-93), General Faidherbe's son-in-law, is an interesting example because of the diversity of the missions he led and the extent of territory which he traversed and mapped. This case also shows how, in the course of a career, an officer could assume several different functions and come to conceive the process of building colonial territory from different perspectives. This paper questions a common view of the military as having a purely strategic vision of space as a field of conquest, a view which reserves a more development-oriented outlook for civil administrators and the business community. Indeed, Brosselard's varied career somewhat blurs the conventional divide between civilians and soldiers, requiring us to reconsider accepted ways of categorising colonial actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines struggles for masculinity among Herero elders, South African colonial administrators, and the Otruppa, a Herero youth society that appropriated a German military aesthetic, in Namibia between 1915 and 1949. As previous scholars have argued, masculinities are mutually constituted through competitions for authority, though dominance is rarely achieved. Such contestations were integral to processes of Herero societal reconstruction following German rule and during South African colonial state formation, beginning in 1915. Different generational experiences of colonial violence and the destruction of the material resources that undergirded elders' authority led to conflicts between elders and youths over how to define Herero masculinity and negotiate authority in a rapidly changing colonial milieu. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the issues concerning the colonial rule in Africa that have been depicted by the concept of direct or indirect rule. It states that the implementation of colonial rule and the role of native authorities' differ widely depending on the type of colonies and the area involved was rural or urban.

The article focuses on the capacity of political organization and leadership and protests done by workers in the Indian jute industry, as discussed in Bengali novelist Satinath Bhaduri's novel "Chitragupter File." It mentions that these protests affects the experience, perceptions and activities of the workers and their articulation, resistance and struggles against the exploitation done by the capitalist employers in collaboration with colonial state.

Roads emerged as an ideal colonial technology in French Equatorial Africa and French Cameroon in the 1920s, not only because they allowed the French to shape landscapes and move around their territory, but also because their inherent technological flexibility enabled administrators to adapt European notions about roads to colonial goals, budgets, and geographies. Desiring motor vehicle-ready roads to link administrative and productive centers, but with little funding or engineering expertise from the metropole, colonial administrators in central Africa deliberately moved away from the quickly evolving cutting edge of road technologies. Instead, over the course of the 1920s they supervised the construction of over 12,000 kilometers of technically simple earthen roads built using hand tools and, especially, forced African labor. Because of the ways they reshaped the region's landscapes and relied on coerced labor from local populations, roads and road work became sites of contestation over colonial rule and order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author focuses on the contributions of John Glubb in integrating the political and government system in the Middle East. The author denotes Glubb's unique leadership style in integrating nomadic tribes and in instituting central government in the region. The author cites the negative impressions of some Arab leaders on Glubb's effort, which caused his termination as colonial administrator in the region. Glubb's success in arranging the government system in the region is also mentioned.

Relations between the metropole and colonies and the implications of colonial rule remain important research topics of European colonial history. This article argues that the biographies of actors in the process of colonization can reveal important aspects of colonial rule. Looking specifically at Hermann von Wissmann in German East Africa, the text highlights his individual contributions to the process of colonization in Central and Eastern Africa. Going further, the text also asks which of von Wissmann's traits are representative of a certain type, or group, of colonizing agents at the end of the nineteenth century — the colonial pioneers. This entails analysing his relations and position vis-à-vis the metropole as well as the concrete practices of occupation in East Africa. The article deals with the external conditions surrounding his actions and examines which avenues and patterns of behaviour were feasible for Wissmann as a German military officer, and adventurer, enrolled in providing colonial services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1940s colonial administrators in the Gambia Colony hired local photographers to provide a vernacular window into colonial policies, procedures and successes. The political and aesthetic implications of their still photography were structured by forays into forms of visual expression that customarily lay beyond the bounds of the portrait studio - especially cine-film and film-strips. This photography inaugurated a political consciousness of colonial devolution within the administrative hierarchy. Even though Public Relations Office photography was clearly based within the bounds of government in the Gambia, it was a heterogeneous practice. Far from being a teleological tool of the state, colonial administrative photography in the Gambia was actually less stable, more innovative and significantly possessed of political and aesthetic power as to lead to its own demise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses British politician Sir Sydney Caine's tenure as the Financial Secretary of Hong Kong, China. Emphasis is given to his efforts in imposing an income tax on the island's Chinese residents as a means to solve the colonial government's financial problems. The author also discusses Caine's use of government funds gathered by the sale of silver to improve housing in Hong Kong. Along with a salaries tax, Caine also imposed corporation profits, business profits, and increased property taxes.

The momentum towards a 'developmentalist' paradigm of colonial rule in the post-Second World War Uganda Protectorate elevated the 'Native Question' to a new critical level. The twin imperatives of welfare and industrialisation threatened to make the 'tribal' categories that had erstwhile been used to 'locate' colonial subjects untenable and to force a crossing of the detribalisation threshold. In the context of African urban housing policy and housing provision during the period 1945-1960, the author employs Foucault's notions of sovereign, anatomo- and bio-power to examine the changing modalities of power deployed by the colonial state in managing a controlled transition across the tribal threshold. From sovereign technologies of power in the pre-Second World War era designed to extract labour power from Africans while conserving their tribal loyalty; to the introduction of technologies to regenerate the still tribal African body (1945-1953); then to technologies designed to cross the tribal threshold and norm and form 'loyal' modern subjects (1954-1960). The article investigates and argues for the vital but always evolving role of public African urban housing both as instructional spaces for these power investments and also as spatial 'sorting devices' or relay points in a wider architecture for canalising movement, separating populations, and guiding loyalties. A detailed case study of Walukuba African Housing Estate in Jinja town is used to ground this analysis as well as to examine the 'limits' to colonial technologies of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines social benefits of Major League Baseball's half century of dealings with the Dominican Republic. While the relationship was built along neo-colonial lines that heavily favoured the North American partner, structural events have unfolded in the past decade that have resulted in a levelling of the political-economic playing field. This is the outcome, not so much of MLB's sense of corporate responsibility, as it is the unforeseen consequences of its actions and the ability of Dominicans to take advantage of opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the formation of French colonial culture in the Maghreb and the power relations it has generated. Through an analysis of colonial knowledge, the author shows the different and changing discursive strategies put in place to comprehend and control the local population. He also argues that the effects of this colonial knowledge continue in the present and, far from debunking it, national reactions by historians helped make colonial categories and understanding part of the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Justice John Walpole Willis arrived in Melbourne in March 1841 as its first Resident Judge. After just over two years he was removed from office by Governor Gipps and the Executive Council and returned to England to pursue justice through the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. His career exemplifies the colonial civil servants' dilemma: 'thinking globally' by maintaining connections in the wider imperial circuit, but 'acting locally' by keeping boundaries in the local and interpersonal colonial sphere. The dismissal of Justice Willis reflects the tensions between colonial authority and politics and the broader transnational nature of imperial justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay presents the ideas of Frantz Fanon on colonial Algeria and his interest in racial psychology. It points out that notions of Fanon on Algerian society and political status are based on theoretical level, marked by prior agendas and his interest in racial psychology. It explores the ideas of Fanon on the relation of colonizer and colonized in Algeria, which demonstrates ways in which access to native women and private space marks colonial supremacy.

This essay discusses R.M. Minke's (partial) presence in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's The Buru Quartet. The quartet starts with signs exhibiting the triumph of Western colonialism in the Dutch East Indies. The Western-educated Minke acknowledges the superiority of Western science and technology. He writes in Dutch, the signifier of the colonial authority. This essay examines Minke's adoption of Western culture and the colonial representation where his (partial) presence challenges the authority of colonial discourse. Framed within Bhabha's theory of hybridity, this essay will find out how the colonial discourse is always in the state of splitting which menaces the colonial authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historians of nineteenth-century British-Canadian relations use the rich archive of Colonial Office despatches, supplemented by the private correspondence of governors-general and colonial secretaries where such collections survive. This article contends that, from 1839 to 1866 -- the period of the Canadian Union - the private correspondence constituted a parallel channel of communication, operating on a quasi-official and semi-continuous basis. Private correspondence was used to discuss issues too sensitive for the official record, material that was deliberately omitted from despatches. The correspondence was controlled by the secretary of state, who shared it at his discretion with political colleagues and bureaucrats. Its major shortcoming lay in the difficulty of securing continuity of information between successive ministers, as was shown in the British response to the Canadian federation initiative of 1858. Private correspondence gradually became less important after Confederation as Canada ceased to be a problem to British policy-makers. The correspondence between governors-general and colonial secretaries should be considered apart from current historical debate on imperial networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the period immediately after World War II, British-Indian forces occupied the Netherlands East Indies - modern Indonesia. The occupation bridged the gap between the surrender of Japan and the brief resumption of Dutch colonial rule which preceded Indonesian independence. Though intended as a humanitarian intervention, the occupation soon assumed the character of a guerrilla conflict. Indonesian nationalists perceived the occupation force as paving the way for a return of their colonial masters and made strenuous efforts at resistance. This article deals with a single theme of the occupation: intelligence. It charts the inadequate state of intelligence prior to the deployment of the occupation force in the East Indies and the moderate degree of improvement thereafter, setting this in the context of continuing anxieties, resulting in large part from the British colonial experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on Dutch colonial activity in the East Indies from 1910 to 1929. It examines how the Dutch colonial policy changed during these years form a mission administrated with civilising intentions to one more concerned with conducting pure science and creating institutions designed to achieve their scientific goals. It explores the research conducted at the Buitenzorg Botanical Gardens under garden director J. C. Koningsberger and how scientific research was was praised by colonial administrators while repression and conflict continued to take place.

The Jewish Colonization Association organized Jewish rural settlements at the beginning of the twentieth century all over the world. Its colonization effort in Cyprus, although minor and doomed is nevertheless important, as it is widely documented and thus helps to understand essential dynamics and conceptions of the JCA administration. The present article is based on a report prepared by Jules Rosenheck, a high official of JCA in nearby Palestine, where the JCA's activity was much more intensive. Rosenheck's report reviews a wide scope of local characteristics, from agricultural techniques to medical conditions. On the human scale, it gives a thorough introspection of pettiness and generosity, thriftiness as well as laziness and carelessness. Moreover, the report exposes in detail the inner logic of the JCA, and through it of philanthropie associations in general at that period, about management, technical and agricultural as well as personal. It also contributes to a better understanding of the JCA's conceptions concerning its Palestinian settlements, as Rosenheck refers to them constantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]