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103. The energy spectrum of cosmic rays beyond the turn-down around $$\varvec{10^{17}}$$ 10 17 eV as measured with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, J. M. Albury, I. Allekotte, A. Almela, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, P. R. Araújo Ferreira, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, H. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, R. J. Barreira Luz, K. H. Becker, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, V. Binet, K. Bismark, T. Bister, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, A. M. Botti, J. Brack, T. Bretz, P. G. Brichetto Orchera, F. L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, M. Büsken, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, F. Canfora, I. Caracas, J. M. Carceller, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R. W. Clay, A. C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, D. Correia dos Santos, C. E. Covault, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, J. A. Day, R. M. de Almeida, J. de Jesús, S. J. de Jong, G. De Mauro, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, F. de Palma, V. de Souza, E. De Vito, M. del Río, O. Deligny, A. Di Matteo, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, L. M. Domingues Mendes, R. C. dos Anjos, D. dos Santos, M. T. Dova, J. Ebr, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, T. Fitoussi, T. Fodran, M. M. Freire, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, C. Galelli, B. García, A. L. Garcia Vegas, H. Gemmeke, F. Gesualdi, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, J. P. Gongora, J. M. González, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T. D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, E. Guido, S. Hahn, P. Hamal, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, V. M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, G. C. Hill, C. Hojvat, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, P. Janecek, J. A. Johnsen, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K. H. Kampert, N. Karastathis, B. Keilhauer, J. Kemp, A. Khakurdikar, V. V. Kizakke Covilakam, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, M. Köpke, N. Kunka, B. L. Lago, R. G. Lang, N. Langner, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, L. Lu, Q. Luce, J. P. Lundquist, A. Machado Payeras, G. Mancarella, D. Mandat, B. C. Manning, J. Manshanden, P. Mantsch, S. Marafico, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, S. Martinelli, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, M. Mastrodicasa, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, K.-D. Merenda, S. Michal, M. I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, D. Mockler, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, C. Morello, M. Mostafá, A. L. Müller, M. A. Muller, K. Mulrey, R. Mussa, M. Muzio, W. M. Namasaka, A. Nasr-Esfahani, L. Nellen, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, A. Nucita, L. A. Núñez, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, J. Pawlowsky, M. Pech, F. Pedreira, J. Pȩkala, R. Pelayo, J. Peña-Rodriguez, E. E. Pereira Martins, J. Perez Armand, C. Pérez Bertolli, M. Perlin, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pothast, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. J. Roncoroni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, S. J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J. D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E. M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, C. Sarmiento-Cano, R. Sato, P. Savina, C. M. Schäfer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, P. Schovánek, F. G. Schröder, S. Schröder, J. Schulte, A. Schulz, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, A. Segreto, S. Sehgal, R. C. Shellard, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, R. Šmída, P. Sommers, J. F. Soriano, J. Souchard, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, A. Streich, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Sudholz, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, Z. Szadkowski, A. Tapia, C. Taricco, C. Timmermans, O. Tkachenko, P. Tobiska, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, Z. Torrès, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, C. Trimarelli, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, J. F. Valdés Galicia, L. Valore, E. Varela, A. Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberič, C. Ventura, I. D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, C. Watanabe, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, M. Wirtz, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, A. Yushkov, O. Zapparrata, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, L. Zehrer, and Pierre Auger Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We present a measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum above 100 PeV using the part of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory that has a spacing of 750 m. An inflection of the spectrum is observed, confirming the presence of the so-called second-knee feature. The spectrum is then combined with that of the 1500 m array to produce a single measurement of the flux, linking this spectral feature with the three additional breaks at the highest energies. The combined spectrum, with an energy scale set calorimetrically via fluorescence telescopes and using a single detector type, results in the most statistically and systematically precise measurement of spectral breaks yet obtained. These measurements are critical for furthering our understanding of the highest energy cosmic rays.

Published
2021
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104. Towards extracting cosmic magnetic field structures from cosmic-ray arrival directions

Author

Marcus Wirtz, Teresa Bister, and Martin Erdmann

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We present a novel method to search for structures of coherently aligned patterns in ultra-high energy cosmic-ray arrival directions simultaneously across the entire sky. This method can be used to obtain information on the Galactic magnetic field, in particular the integrated component perpendicular to the line of sight, from cosmic-ray data only. Using a likelihood-ratio approach, neighboring cosmic rays are related by rotatable, elliptically shaped density distributions and the significance of their alignment with respect to circular distributions is evaluated. In this way, a vector field tangential to the celestial sphere is fitted which approximates the local deflections in cosmic magnetic fields if significant deflection structures are detected. The sensitivity of the method is evaluated on the basis of astrophysical simulations of the ultra-high energy cosmic-ray sky, where a discriminative power between isotropic and signal-induced scenarios is found.

Published
2021
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107. Advances and Challenges in Cell Biology for Cultured Meat

Author

Martins, Beatriz, Bister, Arthur, Dohmen, Richard G.J., Gouveia, Maria Ana, Hueber, Rui, Melzener, Lea, Messmer, Tobias, Papadopoulos, Joanna, Pimenta, Joana, Raina, Dhruv, Schaeken, Lieke, Shirley, Sara, Bouchet, Benjamin P., Flack, Joshua E., Martins, Beatriz, Bister, Arthur, Dohmen, Richard G.J., Gouveia, Maria Ana, Hueber, Rui, Melzener, Lea, Messmer, Tobias, Papadopoulos, Joanna, Pimenta, Joana, Raina, Dhruv, Schaeken, Lieke, Shirley, Sara, Bouchet, Benjamin P., and Flack, Joshua E.

Abstract

Cultured meat is an emerging biotechnology that aims to produce meat from animal cell culture, rather than from the raising and slaughtering of livestock, on environmental and animal welfare grounds. The detailed understanding and accurate manipulation of cell biology are critical to the design of cultured meat bioprocesses. Recent years have seen significant interest in this field, with numerous scientific and commercial breakthroughs. Nevertheless, these technologies remain at a nascent stage, and myriad challenges remain, spanning the entire bioprocess. From a cell biological perspective, these include the identification of suitable starting cell types, tuning of proliferation and differentiation conditions, and optimization of cell-biomaterial interactions to create nutritious, enticing foods. Here, we discuss the key advances and outstanding challenges in cultured meat, with a particular focus on cell biology, and argue that solving the remaining bottlenecks in a cost-effective, scalable fashion will require coordinated, concerted scientific efforts. Success will also require solutions to nonscientific challenges, including regulatory approval, consumer acceptance, and market feasibility. However, if these can be overcome, cultured meat technologies can revolutionize our approach to food.

Published
2024

109. Implementering av vanadin redox-batterier som energilager i fastigheter : Teknisk och ekonomisk utvärdering med en komparativ studie av litium-jon-batterier samt en fallstudie av Haga slott

Author

Bister, Janni, Lindstedt, Johanna, Bister, Janni, and Lindstedt, Johanna

Abstract

Denna studie syftar till att utvärdera tekniska och ekonomiska aspekter av att installera vanadin-redox-flödesbatterier (VRFB) i fastigheter. Studien omfattar både en litteraturstudie och en fallstudie av Haga slott, med målet att identifiera ekonomiska incitament för energilagring i fastigheter, samt att utvärdera VRFB som ett konkurrenskraftigt alternativ till litiumjonbatterier (LiB) för tillämpning i byggnader. I fallstudien jämförs två investeringsalternativ, ett VRFB och ett LiB. Litteraturgranskningen sammanfattar resultat från tidigare studier kring VRFB, ekonomiska och incitament kopplade till batterilager i byggnader samt tekniska fördelar och nackdelar med VRFB gentemot LiB. I fallstudien jämförs ett VRFB med en lagrignskapacitet på 120 kWh och en i-och urladdningskapacitet på 15 kW med ett LiB med en lagringskapacitet på 560 kWh och en i- och urladdningseffekt på 460 kW. Investeringskalkyleringen inkluderar en nettonuvärdesanalys samt en analys av återbetalningstiden för de två alternativen. Kostnad per kWh och cykel beräknas också för att få en översikt över de rörliga kostnaderna. Studien visar att det största ekonomiska incitamentet för en investering i ett batterilager är möjligheten att leverera stödtjänster till SVK. Kapning av effekttoppar och försäljning av el är också intressanta ekonomiska aspekter, men intäkter och kostnadsbesparingar från dessa små i förhållande till intäkterna från balansmarknaden. Nettonuvärdesanalysen visar att investeringen i ett VRFB inte är ekonomiskt försvarbar för Haga slott, medan investeringen i LiB är lönsam. Den initiala investeringskostnaden är förknippad med osäkerheter. Återbetalningstiden för LiB beräknas till cirka två år, medan VRFB beräknas återbetalas på mellan sex och 36 år, beroende på investeringskostnaden och framtida kapacitetsersättning från SVK. Kostnaden per kWh och cykel är generellt lägre för VRFB än för LiB. En teknisk fördel VRFB är dess skalbarhet, eftersom energilagringskapacitet och i- och, This bachelor thesis is conducted through a literature review and a case study of Haga slott, a hotel with a spa located in Enköping, Sweden. The literature review summarizes previous research on VRFBs, economic incentives for energy storage in buildings, and the current market situation for VRFBs. The case study evaluates two investment options: a 120 kWh VRFB with a 15 kW charge/discharge capacity and a 560 kWh LiB with a 460 kW charge/discharge capacity. Investment calculations include a net present value analysis and a payback period analysis. Variable costs per kWh and cycle are also calculated, along with sensitivity analyses on initial investment costs and capacity compensation prices from the balancing market. The main economic incentive for battery storage investment is participating as a provider of ancillary services for the Swedish transmission system operator (Svenska Kraftnät, SVK). Peak shaving and electricity sales are also considered, but previous studies indicate that savings from these are minor compared to potential revenues from the balancing market. Therefore, the economic analysis focuses solely on revenue streams from the balancing market. The net present value analysis concludes that VRFB investment is not economically viable for Haga slott, while LiB investment is profitable. Along with uncertainties in VRFB's initial investment cost, and that the payback period for LiB is remarkably shorter than for VRFB it is apparent that VRFB is not a profitable investment compared to LiB. Technically, the primary advantage of VRFBs is their scalability, as energy storage capacity and charge/discharge power are decoupled. VRFBs also tolerate deep discharges and various temperature conditions better than LiBs, leading to long life cycles and high cycle stability. However, VRFBs have lower energy density and efficiency compared to LiBs. The investment costs related to power (SEK/kW) are high, while the variable costs (SEK/kWh) are low relative to LiB. Th

Published
2024

110. Influerad eller stimulerad? : Sociala mediers inflytande på matvanor hos unga vuxna med en fysiskt aktiv bakgrund

Author

Bister, Johan, Berg Roussos, Flora, Bister, Johan, and Berg Roussos, Flora

Abstract

Introduktion Levnadsvanor är en viktig bestämningsfaktor för hälsan. I vår tid där sociala medier är ett integrerat faktum finns det anledning att undersöka hur dessa potentiellt inverkar på levnadsvanorna fysisk aktivitet och matvanor, som båda tillhör de påverkbara levnadsvanorna. Detta för att skapa en förståelse för hur den möjliga påverkan upplevs av fysiskt aktiva individer. Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att få förståelse för hur fysiskt aktiva individer i åldern 18–30 år upplever att sociala medier påverkar deras kostvanor samt träningsvanor.MetodStudien har genomförts med kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer inkluderande sex fysiskt aktiva, unga vuxna i åldern 18–30 år, varav tre kvinnor och tre män. Intervjuerna analyserades genom en tematisk analys. Resultat Studien har gett upphov till 4 teman: 1. Påverkan 2. Upplevelser av social media 3. Källkritik och kunskap 4. Främjande av hälsosamma matvanor. Påverkan delades in i subkategorierna positiv och negativ påverkan, där positiv påverkan såsom tips på kost och träning, var ett genomgående resultat. Under temat Upplevelser av social media uppgav deltagarna att de upplevde att algoritmer styrde mycket av flödet, och så uppgav de lite olika typer av innehåll de tittade på, varför detta blev subkategorier. De betonade även vikten av källkritik och kunskap hos den som använder sociala medier, och såg en fara i hur personer utan kunskap om kost och träning skulle kunna tolka det som finns där. Deltagarna ansåg att hälsosamma levnadsvanor skulle kunna främjas med sociala medier. Diskussion och slutsats Deltagarna beskriver en mestadels positiv påverkan men belyser även negativa aspekter av sociala mediers influens på kostvanor och träningsvanor. De tror att sociala medier skulle kunna fungera som ett verktyg för att främja hälsosamma levnadsvanor. En viktig slutsats av deltagarnas utsagor skulle kunna vara att kunskap om kost och

Published
2024

111. 'Vi tar ju beslut som inte är för barnets bästa' : En kvalitativ studie gällande socialsekreterares erfarenheter av arbetet kring barns behov och föräldrars samtycke.

Author

Kullman, Izabella, Bister, Ida, Kullman, Izabella, and Bister, Ida

Abstract

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka socialsekreterares erfarenheter av hur barns behov och vårdnadshavares samtycke påverkar barnavårdsutredningars arbete och beslut. Studiens tidigare forskning behandlar bedömningar och beslut, samtycke och samarbete med föräldrar, barnets bästa och behov, barnets och föräldrars rättigheter samt socialsekreterares förutsättningar. Studien genomfördes med semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex socialsekreterare från två svenska kommuner, baserat på ett bekvämlighetsurval utifrån ett målstyrt urval. Resultaten visar att socialsekreterarna anser att deras bedömningar av barns behov inte påverkas av vårdnadshavares samtycke. Dock anses beslut om insatser påverkas av vårdnadshavares samtycke, så länge det inte finns skäl för tvångsåtgärder. Socialsekreterarna identifierar bemötande, motivationsarbete, kunskap om arbetets möjligheter och arbetslivserfarenhet som viktiga framgångsfaktorer. Socialsekreterarna upplever organisatoriska begränsningar, resursbrist, en negativ syn av socialtjänsten hos vårdnadshavare samt att rådande lagar är bristfälliga och motstridiga som viktiga motgångsfaktorer. Med grund i studiens resultat dras slutsatsen att vårdnadshavares samtycke kan väga tyngre än barns behov i barnavårdutredningars beslut och att barnets bästa därmed inte alltid har högsta prioritet. Det dras även slutsatsen att det finns mycket som kan begränsa socialsekreterare i deras arbete, men att det också finns många möjligheter inom dessa begränsningar som socialsekreterare kan arbeta utifrån., This study aims to investigate social workers' experiences of how children's needs and parental consent influence assessments and decisions in child welfare investigations. The study's previous research addresses assessments and decisions, consent and cooperation with parents, the best interests and needs of the child, the rights of children and parents, and the conditions for social workers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six social workers from two Swedish municipalities, using a convenience sample based on purposive sampling. The results show that social workers believe their assessments of children's needs are not influenced by parental consent. However, decisions regarding interventions are considered influenced by parental consent, provided there are no grounds for compulsory measures. Social workers identify treatment of clients, motivational work, knowledge of work opportunities, and work experience as key success factors. They see organizational limitations, resource shortages, negative perceptions of social services by guardians, and inadequate and conflicting laws as key obstacles. Based on the study's results, it is concluded that parental consent can outweigh children's needs in child welfare investigation decisions, and thus the best interest of the child is not always top priority. It is also concluded that while there are many limitations in their work, there are also numerous opportunities within these constraints that social workers can utilize.

Published
2024

112. Advances and Challenges in Cell Biology for Cultured Meat

Author

Sub Cell Biology, Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Martins, Beatriz, Bister, Arthur, Dohmen, Richard G.J., Gouveia, Maria Ana, Hueber, Rui, Melzener, Lea, Messmer, Tobias, Papadopoulos, Joanna, Pimenta, Joana, Raina, Dhruv, Schaeken, Lieke, Shirley, Sara, Bouchet, Benjamin P., Flack, Joshua E., Sub Cell Biology, Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Martins, Beatriz, Bister, Arthur, Dohmen, Richard G.J., Gouveia, Maria Ana, Hueber, Rui, Melzener, Lea, Messmer, Tobias, Papadopoulos, Joanna, Pimenta, Joana, Raina, Dhruv, Schaeken, Lieke, Shirley, Sara, Bouchet, Benjamin P., and Flack, Joshua E.

Published
2024

113. Astrophysical interpretation of energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays as measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Guido, E., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Bister, T., Buitink, S., Bwembya, A., Jong, S.J. de, Falcke, H., Fodran, T., Hörandel, J.R., Mulrey, K.B., Pont, B.B.T., Pothast, M., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Schoorlemmer, H., Timmermans, C., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Guido, E., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Bister, T., Buitink, S., Bwembya, A., Jong, S.J. de, Falcke, H., Fodran, T., Hörandel, J.R., Mulrey, K.B., Pont, B.B.T., Pothast, M., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Schoorlemmer, H., Timmermans, C., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 305722.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2024

114. Adverse economic conditions, family interlinkages and health across the life course

Author

Bister, Lara and Bister, Lara

Abstract

Adverse economic conditions, such as economic crises or recessions, pose a significant risk to individuals’ health. Existing research has, however, centred on the individual and has yet to acknowledge the role of family interlinkages for this association across the life course. This PhD thesis assessed the association between adverse economic conditions and health within the family context and throughout the life course in Europe. It adopted an interdisciplinary life course approach and conducted four independent studies using statistical methods from various disciplines such as sociology, social demography, public health and social epidemiology, and economics. Particularly, examining different family interlinkages contributed novel insights into the short- and long-term health outcomes under adverse economic conditions at various life course stages. The findings showed negative metabolic and mental health consequences of adverse economic conditions along different family interlinkages studied. However, no physical health effects of adverse economic conditions were found. The mental health effects were visible both in the short- and the long run and across different life course stages of exposure to adverse economic conditions. Women showed more pronounced metabolic and mental health effects than men. At the same time, the welfare regime played a significant role, indicating particularly negative health outcomes within less generous welfare contexts. The observed negative health consequences of adverse economic conditions may be explained by stress processing and exposure differences across family interlinkages, gender, and life course stages. These findings emphasise the need for a paradigm shift in social and health policymaking capitalising on individuals’ embeddedness in their social environment.

Published
2024

115. Algoritma Clustering Untuk Membentuk Cluster Zona Penyebaran Covid-19

Author

Efori Bu'ulolo and Bister Purba

Subjects
covid-19, cluster, zona, k-medoids, Telecommunication, TK5101-6720, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract

Covid-19 yaitu suatu penyakit yang menyerang sistem pernapasan manusia dan dapat menular dengan mudah. Sumatera Utara salah satu daerah yang dilanda pandemi Covid-19. Melalui Gugus Tugas Percepatan dan Penanganan Covid-19 provinsi Sumatera Utara telah melakukan berbagai upaya untuk pencegahan penyebaran Covid-19 seperti belajar dan ibadah dirumah, himbauan pakai masker dan lain sebagainya. Untuk mempermudah identifikasi penyebaran Covid-19 Tim Gugus membagi zona penyebaran Covid-19 berdasarkan jumlah kasus positif. pembagian zona dengan menggunakan satu variabel yaitu positif menyebabkan penanganan Covid-19 tidak maksimal karena hanya terkonsentrasi pada zona dengan kasus positif yang terbanyak sedangkan potensi penyebaran bukan hanya dari kasus positif. Oleh karene itu, dibutuhkan teknik yang lain dapat mengelompokkan / cluster zona penyebaran Covid-19. Salah satu teknik yang sesuai untuk pengelompokkan / cluster yaitu algoritma clustering K-Medoids. Hasil dari implementasi algoritma Algoritma K-Medoids yaitu cluster zona penyebaran Covid-19 di Sumatera Utara dibagi dalam 3(tiga) Cluster yaitu cluster 1, cluster 2 dan cluster 3. Cluster 1 identik dengan zona merah, Cluster 2 identik dengan zona kuning dan cluster 3 identik dengan zona hijau. Abstract Covid-19 is a disease that attacks the human respiratory system and can be transmitted easily. North Sumatra is one of the areas hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. Through the Task Force for the Acceleration and Handling of Covid-19, the province of North Sumatra has made various efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19, such as studying and worship at home, appealing to wear masks and so on. To make it easier to identify the spread of Covid-19, the Cluster Team divides the Covid-19 spread zones based on the number of positive cases. zoning by using one variable, namely positive, causes the handling of Covid-19 to be not optimal because it is only concentrated in the zone with the most positive cases, while the potential for spread is not only from positive cases. Therefore, another technique is needed to group / cluster the Covid-19 spread zones. One technique that is suitable for grouping / clustering is the K-Medoids clustering algorithm. The results of the implementation of the K-Medoids Algorithm algorithm, namely the Covid-19 spread zone cluster in North Sumatra is divided into 3 (three) clusters, namely cluster 1, cluster 2 and cluster 3. Cluster 1 is identical to the red zone, Cluster 2 is identical to the yellow zone and cluster 3 is identical to the green zone

Published
2021
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116. Synergistic Interaction of the Class IIa HDAC Inhibitor CHDI0039 with Bortezomib in Head and Neck Cancer Cells

Author

Christian Schrenk, Lukas M. Bollmann, Corinna Haist, Arthur Bister, Constanze Wiek, Maria Wecker, Dennis Roth, Patrick Petzsch, Karl Köhrer, Alexandra Hamacher, Helmut Hanenberg, Georg Fluegen, and Matthias U. Kassack

Subjects
class IIa histone deacetylase, HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC inhibitor, CHDI0039, bortezomib, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

In contrast to class I/IIb/pan histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), the role of class IIa HDACi as anti-cancer chemosensitizing agents is less well understood. Here, we studied the effects of HDAC4 in particular and the class IIa HDACi CHDI0039 on proliferation and chemosensitivity in Cal27 and cisplatin-resistant Cal27CisR head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). HDAC4 and HDAC5 overexpression clones were generated. HDAC4 overexpression (Cal27_HDAC4) increased proliferation significantly compared to vector control cells (Cal27_VC). Chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) studies confirmed the in vitro results: Cal27_HDAC4 tumors were slightly larger than tumors from Cal27_VC, and treatment with CHDI0039 resulted in a significant decrease in tumor size and weight of Cal27_HDAC4 but not Cal27_VC. Unlike class I/pan-HDACi, treatment with CHDI0039 had only a marginal impact on cisplatin cytotoxicity irrespective of HDAC4 and HDAC5 expression. In contrast, the combination of CHDI0039 with bortezomib was synergistic (Chou–Talalay) in MTT and caspase 3/7 activation experiments. RNAseq indicated that treatment with CHDI0039 alters the expression of genes whose up- or downregulation is associated with increased survival in HNSCC patients according to Kaplan–Meier data. We conclude that the combination of class IIa HDACi with proteasome inhibitors constitutes an effective treatment option for HNSCC, particularly for platinum-resistant cancers.

Published
2023
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119. Type I Interferon Autoantibodies Correlate With Cellular Immune Alterations in Severe COVID-19.

Author

Strunz, Benedikt, Maucourant, Christopher, Mehta, Adi, Wan, Hui, Du, Likun, Sun, Dan, Chen, Puran, Nordlander, Anna, Gao, Yu, Cornillet, Martin, Bister, Jonna, Kvedaraite, Egle, Christ, Wanda, Klingström, Jonas, Geanon, Daniel, Parke, Åsa, Ekwall-Larson, Anna, Rivino, Laura, MacAry, Paul A, and Aleman, Soo

Subjects
COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic, TYPE I interferons, BACTERIAL diseases, VIRUS diseases
Abstract

Background Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to severe disease with increased morbidity and mortality among certain risk groups. The presence of autoantibodies against type I interferons (aIFN-Abs) is one mechanism that contributes to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This study aimed to investigate the presence of aIFN-Abs in relation to the soluble proteome, circulating immune cell numbers, and cellular phenotypes, as well as development of adaptive immunity. Results aIFN-Abs were more prevalent in critical compared to severe COVID-19 but largely absent in the other viral and bacterial infections studied here. The antibody and T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 remained largely unaffected by the presence aIFN-Abs. Similarly, the inflammatory response in COVID-19 was comparable in individuals with and without aIFN-Abs. Instead, presence of aIFN-Abs had an impact on cellular immune system composition and skewing of cellular immune pathways. Conclusions Our data suggest that aIFN-Abs do not significantly influence development of adaptive immunity but covary with alterations in immune cell numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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120. Enhancing cryopreserved ram sperm quality at −80 °C with Spirulina platensis and Salvia verbenaca extracts.

Author

Ben Moula, Anass, Salhi, Saad, Rahim, Abdellatif, Chentouf, Mouad, Raes, Marianne, Bister, Jean Loup, and El Amiri, Bouchra

Subjects
SPIRULINA platensis, FROZEN semen, SPERMATOZOA, SALVIA, EGG yolk, RAMS
Abstract

This study was conducted in two steps to evaluate the influence of freezing methods and natural extracts on cryopreserved ram sperm quality. Initially, the research compared the effects of two freezing methods: liquid nitrogen (LN2) versus −80 °C, on post-thawed ram semen on total and progressive motilities and velocity parameters. Experiment I revealed no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the LN2 and −80 °C freezing methods, indicating similar effects on the analyzed parameters. Experiment II aimed to examine the influence of Spirulina platensis (SP) and Salvia verbenaca (SV) extracts added to egg yolk extender on cryopreserved sperm quality, utilizing the −80 °C freezing method. Various concentrations (1.25, 3.75, 6.25 and 8.75 µg*mL−1) of acetone (Ac-SP and Ac-SV) and hexanoic (Hex-SP), as well as methanolic (MeOH-SV) extracts, were added into the extender. A thorough assessment of post-thawed sperm quality parameters, encompassing motility, velocity parameters, viability, membrane integrity, abnormality and lipid peroxidation was conducted. The outcomes demonstrated that 1.25 and 3.75 g*mL−1 of Ac-SP and Hex-SP and 1.25 µg*mL−1 of AC-SV and MeOH-SV increased the post-thawed ram sperm quality. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the antioxidant properties of SP and SV extracts, highlighting their potential to protect cryopreserved sperm cells from oxidative stress at −80 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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121. Radiosonde comparison of ERA5 and ERA-Interim reanalysis datasets over tropical oceans

Author

Meri Virman, Marja Bister, Jouni Räisänen, Victoria A. Sinclair, and Heikki Järvinen

Subjects
radiosonde observations, era5, era-interim, temperature, moisture, Oceanography, GC1-1581, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

After the release of the ERA-Interim reanalysis, many changes have been made to the Integrated Forecasting System model and data-assimilation system, resulting in an improved reanalysis, ERA5. One of the changes in the model allows the model version in ERA5 to represent the moisture sensitivity of deep convection more realistically than the model version in ERA-Interim. A previous modeling study showed that this change alone improved the representation of the tropical atmosphere, e.g. tropical variability and precipitation distribution. Here we compare the vertical structures of average temperature and moisture over tropical oceans in ERA5, ERA-Interim and radiosonde observations to see whether ERA5 is also closer to observations for those regions and variables. Our results reveal that at many levels, temperature and relative humidity in ERA5 and ERA-Interim differ from observations, however ERA-Interim is generally closer to observations than ERA5 in the low-to-midtroposphere. Most notably, in many stations, ERA5 is on average colder than observations at ∼550-800 hPa. Large vertical gradients occur in the profile of the mean temperature difference between ERA5 and observations at ∼700-900 hPa, but are absent in ERA-Interim. Relative humidity differences are not as robust as temperature differences, however in many stations ERA5 is on average moister than observations at ∼650-800 hPa while ERA-Interim is closer to observations there. Below the ∼950 hPa-level ERA5 and ERA-Interim are generally colder and moister than observations. Our results indicate that ERA5 deviates more than ERA-Interim from tropical radiosonde observations in the low-to-midtroposphere. It seems plausible that this deviation is, at least partly, due to the newer formulation of organised deep entrainment in ERA5 and the associated mechanism for the moisture sensitivity. However, more extensive model evaluation is needed to understand the reasons for the differences between the reanalyses and radiosonde observations.

Published
2021
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122. Genetic Engineering and Enrichment of Human NK Cells for CAR-Enhanced Immunotherapy of Hematological Malignancies

Author

Maren Soldierer, Arthur Bister, Corinna Haist, Aniththa Thivakaran, Sevgi Can Cengiz, Stephanie Sendker, Nina Bartels, Antonia Thomitzek, Denise Smorra, Maryam Hejazi, Markus Uhrberg, Kathrin Scheckenbach, Cornelia Monzel, Constanze Wiek, Dirk Reinhardt, Naghmeh Niktoreh, and Helmut Hanenberg

Subjects
human NK cells, chimeric antigen receptor, genetic engineering, lentiviral vectors (LVS), adoptive cellular immunotherapy, transduction, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

The great clinical success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has unlocked new levels of immunotherapy for hematological malignancies. Genetically modifying natural killer (NK) cells as alternative CAR immune effector cells is also highly promising, as NK cells can be transplanted across HLA barriers without causing graft-versus-host disease. Therefore, off-the-shelf usage of CAR NK cell products might allow to widely expand the clinical indications and to limit the costs of treatment per patient. However, in contrast to T cells, manufacturing suitable CAR NK cell products is challenging, as standard techniques for genetically engineering NK cells are still being defined. In this study, we have established optimal lentiviral transduction of primary human NK cells by systematically testing different internal promoters for lentiviral CAR vectors and comparing lentiviral pseudotypes and viral entry enhancers. We have additionally modified CAR constructs recognizing standard target antigens for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy—CD19, CD33, and CD123—to harbor a CD34-derived hinge region that allows efficient detection of transduced NK cells in vitro and in vivo and also facilitates CD34 microbead-assisted selection of CAR NK cell products to >95% purity for potential clinical usage. Importantly, as most leukemic blasts are a priori immunogenic for activated primary human NK cells, we developed an in vitro system that blocks the activating receptors NKG2D, DNAM-1, NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, and NKp80 on these cells and therefore allows systematic testing of the specific killing of CAR NK cells against ALL and AML cell lines and primary AML blasts. Finally, we evaluated in an ALL xenotransplantation model in NOD/SCID-gamma (NSG) mice whether human CD19 CAR NK cells directed against the CD19+ blasts are relying on soluble or membrane-bound IL15 production for NK cell persistence and also in vivo leukemia control. Hence, our study provides important insights into the generation of pure and highly active allogeneic CAR NK cells, thereby advancing adoptive cellular immunotherapy with CAR NK cells for human malignancies further.

Published
2022
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127. Roll vortices induce new particle formation bursts in the planetary boundary layer

Author

J. Lampilahti, H. E. Manninen, K. Leino, R. Väänänen, A. Manninen, S. Buenrostro Mazon, T. Nieminen, M. Leskinen, J. Enroth, M. Bister, S. Zilitinkevich, J. Kangasluoma, H. Järvinen, V.-M. Kerminen, T. Petäjä, and M. Kulmala

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Recent studies have shown the importance of new particle formation (NPF) to global cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) production, as well as to air pollution in megacities. In addition to the necessary presence of low-volatility vapors that can form new aerosol particles, both numerical and observational studies have shown that the dynamics of the planetary boundary layer (BL) plays an important role in NPF. Evidence from field observations suggests that roll vortices might be favorable for inducing NPF in a convective BL. However, direct observations and estimates of the potential importance of this phenomenon to the production of new aerosol particles are lacking. Here we show that rolls frequently induce NPF bursts along the horizontal circulations and that the small clusters and particles originating from these localized bursts grow in size similar to particles typically ascribed to atmospheric NPF that occur almost homogeneously at a regional scale. We outline a method to identify roll-induced NPF from measurements and, based on the collected data, estimate the impact of roll vortices on the overall aerosol particle production due to NPF at a boreal forest site (83 % ± 34 % and 26 % ± 8 % overall enhancement in particle formation for 3 and 10 nm particles, respectively). We conclude that the formation of roll vortices should be taken into account when estimating particle number budgets in the atmospheric BL.

Published
2020
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128. Direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between $$\mathbf { 2\times 10^{17}}$$ 2×1017 and $$\mathbf {2\times 10^{18}}~$$ 2×1018 eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, J. M. Albury, I. Allekotte, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, P. R. Araújo Ferreira, H. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, R. J. Barreira Luz, K. H. Becker, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, T. Bister, J. Biteau, A. Blanco, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, A. M. Botti, J. Brack, T. Bretz, F. L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, L. Calcagni, A. Cancio, F. Canfora, I. Caracas, J. M. Carceller, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, J. A. Chinellato, K. Choi, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R. W. Clay, A. C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, C. E. Covault, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, J. A. Day, R. M. de Almeida, J. de Jesús, S. J. de Jong, G. De Mauro, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, V. de Souza, J. Debatin, M. del Río, O. Deligny, N. Dhital, A. Di Matteo, M. L. Díaz Castro, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, Q. Dorosti, R. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, J. Ebr, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, M. M. Freire, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, C. Galelli, B. García, A. L. Garcia Vegas, H. Gemmeke, F. Gesualdi, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, J. P. Gongora, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T. D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, E. Guido, S. Hahn, R. Halliday, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, V. M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, G. C. Hill, C. Hojvat, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, J. Hulsman, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, J. A. Johnsen, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K. H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, J. Kemp, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, M. Köpke, G. Kukec Mezek, B. L. Lago, D. LaHurd, R. G. Lang, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, A. López Casado, R. Lorek, Q. Luce, A. Lucero, A. Machado Payeras, M. Malacari, G. Mancarella, D. Mandat, B. C. Manning, J. Manshanden, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, M. Mastrodicasa, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, K.-D. Merenda, S. Michal, M. I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, D. Mockler, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, C. Morello, M. Mostafá, A. L. Müller, M. A. Muller, S. Müller, R. Mussa, M. Muzio, W. M. Namasaka, L. Nellen, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, A Nucita, L. A. Núñez, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, M. P. Panetta, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, M. Pech, F. Pedreira, J. Pȩkala, R. Pelayo, J. Peña-Rodriguez, J. Perez Armand, M. Perlin, L. Perrone, C. Peters, S. Petrera, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pothast, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. J. Roncoroni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, S. J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J. D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E. M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, C. Sarmiento-Cano, R. Sato, P. Savina, C. Schäfer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, P. Schovánek, F. G. Schröder, S. Schröder, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, R. C. Shellard, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, R. Šmída, P. Sommers, J. F. Soriano, J. Souchard, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, A. Streich, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Sudholz, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, J. Šupík, Z. Szadkowski, A. Taboada, O. A. Taborda, A. Tapia, C. Timmermans, P. Tobiska, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, G. Torralba Elipe, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, C. Trimarelli, M. Trini, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, L. Vaclavek, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, A. Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberič, C. Ventura, I. D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, L. Villaseñor, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, T. Winchen, M. Wirtz, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, A. Yushkov, O. Zapparrata, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, L. Zehrer, A. Zepeda, M. Ziolkowski, F. Zuccarello, and The Pierre Auger Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The hybrid design of the Pierre Auger Observatory allows for the measurement of the properties of extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. By using an array of prototype underground muon detectors, we have performed the first direct measurement, by the Auger Collaboration, of the muon content of air showers between $$2\times 10^{17}$$ 2×1017 and $$2\times 10^{18}$$ 2×1018 eV. We have studied the energy evolution of the attenuation-corrected muon density, and compared it to predictions from air shower simulations. The observed densities are found to be larger than those predicted by models. We quantify this discrepancy by combining the measurements from the muon detector with those from the Auger fluorescence detector at $$10^{{17.5}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$ 1017.5eV and $$10^{{18}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$ 1018eV . We find that, for the models to explain the data, an increase in the muon density of $$38\%$$ 38% $$\pm 4\% (12\%)$$ ±4%(12%) $$\pm {}^{21\%}_{18\%}$$ ±18%21% for EPOS-LHC, and of $$50\% (53\%)$$ 50%(53%) $$\pm 4\% (13\%)$$ ±4%(13%) $$\pm {}^{23\%}_{20\%}$$ ±20%23% for QGSJetII-04, is respectively needed.

Published
2020
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129. Comparison of clinical results of anteromedial and transtibial femoral tunnel drilling in ACL reconstruction

Author

Leena Metso, Kirsi-Maaria Nyrhinen, Ville Bister, Jerker Sandelin, and Arsi Harilainen

Subjects
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Clinical outcome, Anteromedial, Transtibial, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract

Abstract Background A femoral bone tunnel in ACL reconstruction can be constructed from the outside in or from the inside out. When doing it inside out, the approach can be via the anteromedial (AM) portal or through the tibial bone tunnel. It has been suggested that better results might be expected by doing it anteromedially. Clinical results after femoral tunnel drilling via the AM or transtibial (TT) techniques in reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are presented. Methods Three hundred patients with ACL injuries were chosen for this study from previously collected data on ACL reconstructions. They were divided into two groups: 150 patients treated with AM drilling and 150 treated with TT drilling. In the AM group, the reconstructions were performed using a semitendinosus graft with the Tape Locking Screw (TLS™) technique (n = 87) or Retrobutton™ femoral and BioScrew™ tibial fixation with a semitendinosus-gracilis graft (n = 63). In the TT group, the fixation method used was Rigidfix™ femoral and Intrafix tibial fixation with a semitendinosus-gracilis graft. The evaluation methods were clinical examination, knee scores (Lysholm, Tegner and IKDC) and instrumented laxity measurements (KT-2000™). Our aim was to evaluate if there was better rotational stability and therefore better clinical results when using AM drilling compared to TT drilling. Results After excluding revision ACL reconstructions, there were 132 patients in the AM group and 133 in the TT group for evaluation. At the 2-year follow-up, there were 60 patients in the AM group (45.5%) and 58 in the TT group (43.6%). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in any of the evaluation methods used. Conclusion Both drilling techniques resulted in improved patient performance and satisfaction. We found no data supporting the hypothesis that the AM drilling technique provides better rotational stability to the knee. Trial registration ISRCTN registry with study ID ISRCTN16407730 . Retrospectively registered Jan 9th 2020.

Published
2020
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131. The brain acid‐soluble protein 1 (BASP1) interferes with the oncogenic capacity of MYC and its binding to calmodulin

Author

Markus Hartl, Kane Puglisi, Andrea Nist, Philipp Raffeiner, and Klaus Bister

Subjects
calcium signaling, cancer, protein stability, transcription factor, tumor suppressor, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

The MYC protein is a transcription factor with oncogenic potential controlling fundamental cellular processes such as cell proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, and apoptosis. The MYC gene is a major cancer driver, and elevated MYC protein levels are a hallmark of most human cancers. We have previously shown that the brain acid‐soluble protein 1 gene (BASP1) is specifically downregulated by the v‐myc oncogene and that ectopic BASP1 expression inhibits v‐myc‐induced cell transformation. The 11‐amino acid effector domain of the BASP1 protein interacts with the calcium sensor calmodulin (CaM) and is mainly responsible for this inhibitory function. We also reported recently that CaM interacts with all MYC variant proteins and that ectopic CaM increases the transactivation and transformation potential of the v‐Myc protein. Here, we show that the presence of excess BASP1 or of a synthetic BASP1 effector domain peptide leads to displacement of v‐Myc from CaM. The protein stability of v‐Myc is decreased in cells co‐expressing v‐Myc and BASP1, which may account for the inhibition of v‐Myc. Furthermore, suppression of v‐Myc‐triggered transcriptional activation and cell transformation is compensated by ectopic CaM, suggesting that BASP1‐mediated withdrawal of CaM from v‐Myc is a crucial event in the inhibition. In view of the tumor‐suppressive role of BASP1 which was recently also reported for human cancer, small compounds or peptides based on the BASP1 effector domain could be used in drug development strategies aimed at tumors with high MYC expression.

Published
2020
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132. Search for Ultra-high-energy Photons from Gravitational Wave Sources with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

A. Abdul Halim, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I. Allekotte, K. Almeida Cheminant, A. Almela, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, J. Ammerman Yebra, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, P. R. Araújo Ferreira, E. Arnone, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, H. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, E. Avocone, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, G. Bhatta, P. L. Biermann, V. Binet, K. Bismark, T. Bister, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, J. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, J. Brack, T. Bretz, P. G. Brichetto Orchera, F. L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, M. Büsken, A. Bwembya, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, I. Caracas, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R. W. Clay, A. C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceiçao, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, M. Conte, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, D. Correia dos Santos, P. J. Costa, C. E. Covault, M. Cristinziani, C. S. Cruz Sanchez, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, J. de Jesús, S. J. de Jong, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, F. de Palma, V. de Souza, E. De Vito, A. Del Popolo, O. Deligny, L. Deval, A. di Matteo, M. Dobre, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, L. M. Domingues Mendes, R. C. dos Anjos, J. Ebr, M. Emam, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, A. Fernandes, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, T. Fitoussi, B. Flaggs, T. Fodran, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, C. Galelli, B. García, H. Gemmeke, F. Gesualdi, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, J. P. Gongora, J. M. González, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T. D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, E. Guido, S. Hahn, P. Hamal, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, V. M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, C. Hojvat, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, P. Janecek, J. A. Johnsen, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K. H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, A. Khakurdikar, V. V. Kizakke Covilakam, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, F. Knapp, N. Kunka, B. L. Lago, N. Langner, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, L. Lu, Q. Luce, J. P. Lundquist, A. Machado Payeras, M. Majercakova, D. Mandat, B. C. Manning, J. Manshanden, P. Mantsch, S. Marafico, F. M. Mariani, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, S. Martinelli, O. Martínez Bravo, M. A. Martins, M. Mastrodicasa, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, S. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, J. Meinert, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, S. Michal, M. I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, L. Morejon, C. Morello, A. L. Müller, K. Mulrey, R. Mussa, M. Muzio, W. M. Namasaka, A. Nasr-Esfahani, L. Nellen, G. Nicora, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, I. Norwood, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, A. Nucita, L. A. Núñez, C. Oliveira, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, G. Parente, A. Parra, J. Pawlowsky, M. Pech, J. Pȩkala, R. Pelayo, L. A. S. Pereira, E. E. Pereira Martins, J. Perez Armand, C. Pérez Bertolli, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, C. Petrucci, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pothast, M. Pourmohammad Shavar, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. J. Roncoroni, S. Rossoni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, A. Saftoiu, M. Saharan, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J. D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E. M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, P. Savina, C. M. Schäfer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovánek, F. G. Schröder, J. Schulte, T. Schulz, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, A. Segreto, S. Sehgal, S. U. Shivashankara, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, R. Smau, R. Šmída, P. Sommers, J. F. Soriano, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, M. Straub, A. Streich, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, Z. Szadkowski, A. Tapia, C. Taricco, C. Timmermans, O. Tkachenko, P. Tobiska, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, Z. Torrès, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, C. Trimarelli, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, J. F. Valdés Galicia, L. Valore, E. Varela, A. Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberič, C. Ventura, I. D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, C. Watanabe, A. A. Watson, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, A. Yushkov, O. Zapparrata, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, and The Pierre Auger Collaboration

Subjects
Particle astrophysics, Ultra-high-energy cosmic radiation, Cosmic ray showers, Gravitational wave sources, Transient sources, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

A search for time-directional coincidences of ultra-high-energy (UHE) photons above 10 EeV with gravitational wave (GW) events from the LIGO/Virgo runs O1 to O3 is conducted with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Due to the distinctive properties of photon interactions and to the background expected from hadronic showers, a subset of the most interesting GW events is selected based on their localization quality and distance. Time periods of 1000 s around and 1 day after the GW events are analyzed. No coincidences are observed. Upper limits on the UHE photon fluence from a GW event are derived that are typically at ∼7 MeV cm ^−2 (time period 1000 s) and ∼35 MeV cm ^−2 (time period 1 day). Due to the proximity of the binary neutron star merger GW170817, the energy of the source transferred into UHE photons above 40 EeV is constrained to be less than 20% of its total GW energy. These are the first limits on UHE photons from GW sources.

Published
2023
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133. Sensitivity of the combined fit of energy spectrum, shower depth distributions, and arrival directions at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Bister Teresa

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The Pierre Auger Observatory measures several characteristics of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), most importantly the energy spectrum, the distribution of maximum shower depths and the arrival directions. We use all three observables for a combined fit, in which parameters of possible UHECR sources can be constrained. The astrophy sical model used in the fit consists of homogeneo usly distributed background sources as well as an adaptable contribution from a nearby source population . For this, the catalogs of starburst galaxies and active galactic nuclei are used which show an indication for a correlation with the UHECR arrival directions . The signal fraction, as well as the size of a rigidity-dependent magn etic field blurring, are part of the fit parameters, along with the parameters describing the source emission. Tn this work, we present an astro-physical simulation containing an energy-dependent contribution from starburst galaxies, which simultaneously describes the energy spectrum, shower depth distributions, and arrival directions measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory. On this simulation, the discrimination power of the method regarding the differentiation of source catalogs is demonstrated, and the expected statistical significance of the result is investigated.

Published
2023
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134. A Catalog of the Highest-energy Cosmic Rays Recorded during Phase I of Operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

A. Abdul Halim, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I. Allekotte, P. Allison, K. Almeida Cheminant, A. Almela, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, J. Ammerman Yebra, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, P. R. Araújo Ferreira, E. Arnone, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, H. Asorey, P. Assis, M. Ave, G. Avila, E. Avocone, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, J. Beatty, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, G. Bhatta, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, V. Binet, K. Bismark, T. Bister, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, J. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, J. Brack, T. Bretz, P. G. Brichetto Orchera, F. L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, M. Büsken, A. Bwembya, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, I. Caracas, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, R. Cester, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R. W. Clay, A. C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, D. Correia dos Santos, C. E. Covault, M. Cristinziani, C. S. Cruz Sanchez, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, J. de Jesús, S. J. de Jong, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, F. de Palma, V. de Souza, E. De Vito, A. Del Popolo, O. Deligny, L. Deval, A. di Matteo, M. Dobre, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, L. M. Domingues Mendes, A. Dorofeev, R. C. dos Anjos, J. Ebr, M. Eman, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, T. Fitoussi, B. Flaggs, T. Fodran, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, C. Galelli, B. García, H. Gemmeke, F. Gesualdi, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, J. P. Gongora, J. M. González, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T. D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, E. Guido, S. Hahn, P. Hamal, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, J. Harton, V. M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, C. Hojvat, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, P. Janecek, J. A. Johnsen, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K. H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, A. Khakurdikar, V. V. Kizakke Covilakam, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, F. Knapp, J. Knapp, N. Kunka, C. Lachaud, B. L. Lago, N. Langner, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, L. Lu, Q. Luce, J. P. Lundquist, A. Machado Payeras, D. Mandat, B. C. Manning, J. Manshanden, P. Mantsch, S. Marafico, F. M. Mariani, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, S. Martinelli, O. Martínez Bravo, M. A. Martins, M. Mastrodicasa, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, S. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, J. Meinert, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, S. Michal, M. I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, L. Morejon, C. Morello, A. L. Müller, K. Mulrey, R. Mussa, M. Muzio, W. M. Namasaka, A. Nasr-Esfahani, L. Nellen, G. Nicora, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, I. Norwood, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, A Nucita, L. A. Núñez, C. Oliveira, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, G. Parente, A. Parra, J. Pawlowsky, M. Pech, J. Pȩkala, R. Pelayo, E. E. Pereira Martins, J. Perez Armand, C. Pérez Bertolli, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, C. Petrucci, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pothast, M. Pourmohammad Shavar, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. J. Roncoroni, S. Rossoni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, A. Saftoiu, M. Saharan, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J. D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E. M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, P. Savina, C. M. Schäfer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovánek, F. G. Schröder, J. Schulte, T. Schulz, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, A. Segreto, S. Sehgal, S. U. Shivashankara, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, R. Smau, R. Šmída, P. Sommers, J. F. Soriano, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, M. Straub, A. Streich, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Sudholz, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, Z. Szadkowski, A. Tapia, C. Taricco, C. Timmermans, O. Tkachenko, P. Tobiska, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, Z. Torrès, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, C. Trimarelli, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, J. F. Valdés Galicia, L. Valore, E. Varela, A. Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberič, C. Ventura, I. D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, L. M. Villase nor Cendejas, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, C. Watanabe, A. A. Watson, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, P. Younk, A. Yushkov, O. Zapparrata, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, and (The Pierre Auger Collaboration)

Subjects
Ultra-high-energy cosmic radiation, Cosmic ray showers, Experimental data, Catalogs, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

A catalog containing details of the highest-energy cosmic rays recorded through the detection of extensive air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory is presented with the aim of opening the data to detailed examination. Descriptions of the 100 showers created by the highest-energy particles recorded between 2004 January 1 and 2020 December 31 are given for cosmic rays that have energies in the range 78–166 EeV. Details are also given on a further nine very energetic events that have been used in the calibration procedure adopted to determine the energy of each primary. A sky plot of the arrival directions of the most energetic particles is shown. No interpretations of the data are offered.

Published
2023
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135. UHECR results of combined analyses of TA and Auger experiments

Author

di Matteo A., Anchordoqui L., Bister T., de Almeida R., Deligny O., Deval L., Farrar G., Giaccari U., Golup G., Higuchi R., Kim J., Kuznetsov M., Mariş I., Rubtsov G., Tinyakov P., and Urban F.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is still unknown. Their sources are believed to be within the local universe (a few hundred megaparsecs), but deflections by intergalactic and Galactic magnetic fields prevent us from straightforwardly associating UHECRs to their sources based on their arrival directions, making their angular distribution mostly isotropic. At higher energies, the number of potential source candidates and the magnetic deflections are both expected to be smaller, but so is the available amount of statistics. Hence, it is interesting to perform searches for anisotropies using several different energy thresholds. With a threshold of 8 EeV a dipole modulation has been discovered, and with higher thresholds evidence is mounting for correlations with certain nearby galaxies. Neither of the two main UHECR detectors, the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array project, has full-sky coverage. Full-sky searches require combining the datasets of both, and a working group with members of both collaborations has been tasked with this. We present an overview of the challenges encountered in such analyses, recent results from the working group, possible ways of interpreting them, and an outlook for the near future.

Published
2023
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136. MYC and RAF: Key Effectors in Cellular Signaling and Major Drivers in Human Cancer

Author

Stefan, Eduard, Bister, Klaus, Compans, Richard W, Series Editor, Malissen, Bernard, Series Editor, Aktories, Klaus, Series Editor, Rappuoli, Rino, Series Editor, Galan, Jorge E, Series Editor, Ahmed, Rafi, Series Editor, Palme, Klaus, Series Editor, Casadevall, Arturo, Series Editor, Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo, Series Editor, Iwasaki, Akiko, Series Editor, Akira, Shizuo, Series Editor, Hunter, Eric, editor, and Bister, Klaus, editor

Published
2017
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138. Epigenetic Priming of Bladder Cancer Cells With Decitabine Increases Cytotoxicity of Human EGFR and CD44v6 CAR Engineered T-Cells

Author

Camilla M. Grunewald, Corinna Haist, Carolin König, Patrick Petzsch, Arthur Bister, Elfriede Nößner, Constanze Wiek, Kathrin Scheckenbach, Karl Köhrer, Günter Niegisch, Helmut Hanenberg, and Michèle J. Hoffmann

Subjects
epigenetic inhibitors, bladder cancer, chimeric antigen receptor, immunotherapy, T-cell, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

BackgroundTreatment of B-cell malignancies with CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells marked a new era in immunotherapy, which yet has to be successfully adopted to solid cancers. Epigenetic inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTi) and histone deacetylases (HDACi) can induce broad changes in gene expression of malignant cells, thus making these inhibitors interesting combination partners for immunotherapeutic approaches.MethodsUrothelial carcinoma cell lines (UCC) and benign uroepithelial HBLAK cells pretreated with the DNMTi decitabine or the HDACi romidepsin were co-incubated with CAR T-cells directed against EGFR or CD44v6, and subsequent cytotoxicity assays were performed. Effects on T-cell cytotoxicity and surface antigen expression on UCC were determined by flow cytometry. We also performed next-generation mRNA sequencing of inhibitor-treated UCC and siRNA-mediated knockdown of potential regulators of CAR T-cell killing.ResultsExposure to decitabine but not romidepsin enhanced CAR T-cell cytotoxicity towards all UCC lines, but not towards the benign HBLAK cells. Increased killing could neither be attributed to enhanced target antigen expression (EGFR and CD44v6) nor fully explained by changes in the T-cell ligands PD-L1, PD-L2, ICAM-1, or CD95. Instead, gene expression analysis suggested that regulators of cell survival and apoptosis were differentially induced by the treatment. Decitabine altered the balance between survival and apoptosis factors towards an apoptosis-sensitive state associated with increased CAR T-cell killing, while romidepsin, at least partially, tilted this balance in the opposite direction. Knockdown experiments with siRNA in UCC confirmed BID and BCL2L1/BCLX as two key factors for the altered susceptibility of the UCC.ConclusionOur data suggest that the combination of decitabine with CAR T-cell therapy is an attractive novel therapeutic approach to enhance tumor-specific killing of bladder cancer. Since BID and BCL2L1 are essential determinants for the susceptibility of a wide variety of malignant cells, their targeting might be additionally suitable for combination with immunotherapies, e.g., CAR T-cells or checkpoint inhibitors in other malignancies.

Published
2021
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139. The energy spectrum of cosmic rays beyond the turn-down around 1017 eV as measured with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Velázquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D’Olivo, J. C., Domingues Mendes, L. M., dos Anjos, R. C., dos Santos, D., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Karastathis, N., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Khakurdikar, A., Kizakke Covilakam, V. V., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Köpke, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K.-D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., Pérez Bertolli, C., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schulte, J., Schulz, A., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., and Zehrer, L.

Published
2021
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140. Contributors

Author

Austin, Rupert, primary, Bains, Davinder, additional, Banerjee, Avijit, additional, Bavisha, Kalpesh A., additional, Bellis, Wendy, additional, Bister, Dirk, additional, Bomfim, Deborah, additional, Burke, Mary, additional, Carey, Barbara, additional, Cascarini, Luke, additional, Chauhan, Ravi, additional, Crighton, Alexander, additional, Davies, Rodhri, additional, D’Cruz, Len, additional, Dickinson, Chris, additional, Djemal, Serpil, additional, Drage, Nicholas, additional, Escudier, Michael, additional, Ghuman, Mandeep, additional, Goodger, Nicholas M., additional, Harris, Jennifer C., additional, Harrison, Mike, additional, Heidari, Ellie, additional, Hullah, Esther, additional, Joshi, Sandeep, additional, Lalli, Anand, additional, Mackenzie, Louis, additional, Mannocci, Francesco, additional, McParland, Helen, additional, Nayee, Shalini, additional, O’Neill, Niall, additional, Odell, Edward, additional, Ormond, Martyn, additional, Patel, Vinod, additional, Radford, David R., additional, Renton, Tara, additional, Rooney, Yvonne M., additional, Setterfield, Jane, additional, Sherwin, Emily, additional, Shirlaw, Pepe, additional, Tappuni, Anwar R., additional, Thavaraj, Selvam, additional, Thomas, Bethan, additional, Thomas, Michael, additional, Tilakaratne, Wanninayaka M., additional, Turner, Jonathan, additional, Watkins, Sophie, additional, and Whaites, Eric, additional

Published
2021
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146. Search for photons above 1019 eV with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Almeida Cheminant, K., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ammerman Yebra, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Arnone, E., Arteaga Velázquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Caracas, I., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia Dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Jesús, J., De Jong, S. J., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Oliveira Franco, D., De Palma, F., De Souza, V., De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Deval, L., Di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Domingues Mendes, L. M., Dos Anjos, R. C., Ebr, J., Eman, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Kizakke Covilakam, V. V., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, F., Krohm, N., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martínez Bravo, O., Martins, M. A., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Müller, A. L., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Nicora, G., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Norwood, I., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., Pérez Bertolli, C., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Pourmohammad Shavar, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Straub, M., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Almeida Cheminant, K., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Ammerman Yebra, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araujo Ferreira, P. R., Arnone, E., Arteaga Velazquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blumer, J., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Busken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Caracas, I., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia Dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Jesus, J., De Jong, S. J., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Oliveira Franco, D., De Palma, F., De Souza, V., De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Deval, L., Di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Domingues Mendes, L. M., Dos Anjos, R. C., Ebr, J., Eman, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipcic, A., Fitoussi, T., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garcia, B., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, N., Goos, I., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kaapa, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Kizakke Covilakam, V. V., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, F., Krohm, N., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., Lopez, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martinez Bravo, O., Martins, M. A., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Muller, A. L., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Nicora, G., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Norwood, I., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Noa3/4ka, L., Nucita, A., Nunez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., Perez Bertolli, C., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Pourmohammad Shavar, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sanchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schafer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schluter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smau, R., Smida, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanic, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Straub, M., Streich, A., Suarez-Duran, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tome, B., Torres, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynski, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., and Zehrer, L.

Subjects
Astronomy, Experimental High Energy Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, High Energy Physics, ddc:620, cosmic ray experiments, gamma ray detectors, ultra high energy cosmic rays, ultra high energy photons and neutrinos, Engineering & allied operations
Abstract

We use the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to search for air showers initiated by photons with an energy above 1019 eV. Photons in the zenith angle range from 30∘ to 60∘ can be identified in the overwhelming background of showers initiated by charged cosmic rays through the broader time structure of the signals induced in the water-Cherenkov detectors of the array and the steeper lateral distribution of shower particles reaching ground. Applying the search method to data collected between January 2004 and June 2020, upper limits at 95% CL are set to an E-2 diffuse flux of ultra-high energy photons above 1019 eV, 2 × 1019 eV and 4 × 1019 eV amounting to 2.11 × 10-3, 3.12 × 10-4 and 1.72 × 10-4 km-2 sr-1 yr-1, respectively. While the sensitivity of the present search around 2 × 1019 eV approaches expectations of cosmogenic photon fluxes in the case of a pure-proton composition, it is one order of magnitude above those from more realistic mixed-composition models. The inferred limits have also implications for the search of super-heavy dark matter that are discussed and illustrated.

Published
2023

148. Tissue-specific nonheritable influences drive endometrial immune system variation.

Author

Bister, Jonna, Filipovic, Iva, Sun, Dan, Crona-Guterstam, Ylva, Cornillet, Martin, Ponzetta, Andrea, Michaëlsson, Jakob, Gidlöf, Sebastian, Ivarsson, Martin A., Strunz, Benedikt, and Björkström, Niklas K.

Subjects
IMMUNE system, MONOZYGOTIC twins, CYTOMEGALOVIRUS diseases, BLOOD cells, TWIN studies
Abstract

Although human twin studies have revealed the combined contribution of heritable and environmental factors in shaping immune system variability in blood, the contribution of these factors to immune system variability in tissues remains unexplored. The human uterus undergoes constant regeneration and is exposed to distinct environmental factors. To assess uterine immune system variation, we performed a system-level analysis of endometrial and peripheral blood immune cells in monozygotic twins. Although most immune cell phenotypes in peripheral blood showed high genetic heritability, more variation was found in endometrial immune cells, indicating a stronger influence by environmental factors. Cytomegalovirus infection was identified to influence peripheral blood immune cell variability but had limited effect on endometrial immune cells. Instead, hormonal contraception shaped the local endometrial milieu and immune cell composition with minor influence on the systemic immune system. These results highlight that the magnitude of human immune system variation and factors influencing it can be tissue specific. Editor's summary: Baseline differences in the immune system between individuals are driven by both heritable and nonheritable, environmental factors. By analyzing endometrial and peripheral blood immune cells collected from monozygotic twins, Bister et al. measured the tissue-specific contributions of nonheritable effects on immune system variation. Although peripheral blood immune cells were largely shaped by genetics, environmental factors including hormonal contraception contributed more strongly to the variation in endometrial immune cells and soluble proteome. Together, these findings demonstrate that the human immune system can be highly variable and driven by nonheritable factors in a tissue-specific manner. —Claire Olingy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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149. Advances and Challenges in Cell Biology for Cultured Meat

Author

Martins, Beatriz, primary, Bister, Arthur, additional, Dohmen, Richard G.J., additional, Gouveia, Maria Ana, additional, Hueber, Rui, additional, Melzener, Lea, additional, Messmer, Tobias, additional, Papadopoulos, Joanna, additional, Pimenta, Joana, additional, Raina, Dhruv, additional, Schaeken, Lieke, additional, Shirley, Sara, additional, Bouchet, Benjamin P., additional, and Flack, Joshua E., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
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