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In dieser Seminararbeit wurde die Stimmung der hauptsächlich italienisch-sprachigen Bevölkerung des Trentinos im Bezug auf nationalistische Tendenzen in der Zeit des Vormärz bis 1848/49 untersucht. Dabei wurde anhand von Orginalquellen aus den österreichischen Verwaltungsebenen dargelgegt, in wieweit ein italienischen Nationalismus fassbar war und wie die Verwaltung darauf reagierte.

Wie es im Titel schon anklingt war das Ziel dieses Proseminars, unter der Leitung von Herrn Mag. Gerhard Siegl, eine mikrohistorische Betrachtung einer Gegend durchzuführen. Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit war eine alte Fotografie dieser Gegend, z.B.: auf einer Postkarte. Durch wiederholte Fotografie desselben Bildausschnittes sollten die Veränderungen dieser speziellen Gegend sichtbar und dann mikrohistorisch Untersucht werden. Was hat sich wodurch, wie und wann verändert, ob im infrastrukturellen, bauhistorischen, agrarischen, forstwirtschaflichen, gesellschaftlichen,... Bereich.

We retrospectively investigated histopathological growth patterns in individuals with advanced nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) treated within the randomized HD18 study. In all, 35/60 patients (58%) presented with atypical growth patterns. Patients with atypical growth patterns more often had stage IV disease (P = 0·0354) and splenic involvement (P = 0·0048) than patients with typical growth patterns; a positive positron emission tomography after two cycles of chemotherapy (PET-2) tended to be more common (P = 0·1078). Five-year progression-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 0·86; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0·49-1·47] and overall survival (HR = 0·85; 95% CI = 0·49-1·51) did not differ between the groups after study treatment with PET-2-guided escalated BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone). Thus, advanced NLPHL is often associated with atypical growth patterns but their prognostic impact is compensated by PET-2-guided escalated BEACOPP., (© 2021 The Authors. British Journal of Haematology published by British Society for Haematology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Research on prognostically relevant immunohistochemical markers in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas has mostly been performed on retrospectively collected clinical data. This is also true for immunohistochemical classifiers that are thought to reflect the cell-of-origin subclassification of gene expression studies. In order to obtain deeper insight into the heterogeneous prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and to validate a previously published immunohistochemical classifier, we analyzed data from a large set of cases from prospective clinical trials with long-term follow-up., Design and Methods: We performed morphological and extensive immunohistochemical analyses in 414 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma from two prospective randomized clinical trials (NHL-B1/B2, Germany). Classification into germinal center and non-germinal center subtypes of B-cell lymphoma was based on the expression pattern of CD10, BCL6, and IRF4. Multivariate analyses were performed adjusting for the factors in the International Prognostic Index., Results: Analyzing 20 different epitopes on tissue microarrays, expression of HLA-DR, presence of CD23(+) follicular dendritic cell meshworks, and monotypic light chain expression emerged as International Prognostic Index-independent markers of superior overall survival. Immunoblastic morphology was found to be related to poor event-free survival. The non-germinal center subtype, according to the three-epitope classifier (CD10, BCL6, and IRF4) did not have prognostic relevance when adjusted for International Prognostic Index factors (relative risk=1.2, p=0.328 for overall survival; and relative risk=1.1, p=0.644 for event-free survival)., Conclusions: The previously reported International Prognostic Index-independent prognostic value of stratification into germinal center/non-germinal center B-cell lymphoma using the expression pattern of CD10, BCL6, and IRF4 was not reproducible in our series. However, other markers and the morphological subtype appear to be of prognostic value.

Background: The translocation t(14;18)IgH/BCL2 is the molecular hallmark of follicular lymphomas (FL). A subset of cases harbours translocations involving the BCL6-gene locus. This study aimed to determine the frequency of BCL2- and BCL6-translocations in FL and to identify morphological and immuno-histochemical features with respect to the presence of BCL2- and BCL6-translocations., Materials and Methods: Fluorescence-in-situ-hybridisation (FISH) was used to determine the BCL2- and BCL6-translocation status of 102 FL and these were compared to morphological and immunohistochemical parameters., Results: Lymphomas with BCL6- and BCL2-translocations were very similar to t(14;18)-positive lymphomas without BCL6-translocations. In contrast, t(14;18)-negative lymphomas with BCL6-translocations were amongst others of higher grade, less often CD10-positive, involved the bone marrow less frequently and did not infiltrate the lymph node capsule., Conclusion: BCL2- and BCL6-translocations correlate with particular phenotypes of follicular lymphomas. BCL6-translocations seem to affect the phenotype only when they are not accompanied by BCL2-translocations.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common cutaneous malignant tumor, may display neuroendocrine differentiation in very rare instances. We here describe a case of a BCC with neuroendocrine differentiation that arose in a scar resulting from a trauma 75 years earlier. Neuroendocrine differentiation was proven by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The simultaneous occurrence of BCC development in a scar and neuroendocrine differentiation is quite rare.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT) is a histopathologically well-defined entity. However, despite a number of cytogenetic studies, the genetic basis of this lymphoma entity is not clear. Moreover, there is an overlap to some cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified (PTCL-u) in respect to morphological and genetic features. We used array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to study genetic imbalances in 39 AILT and 20 PTCL-u. Array-based CGH revealed complex genetic imbalances in both AILT and PTCL-u. Chromosomal imbalances were more frequent in PTCL-u than in AILT and gains exceeded the losses. The most recurrent changes in AILT were gains of 22q, 19, and 11p11-q14 (11q13) and losses of 13q. The most frequent changes in PTCL-u were gains of 17 (17q11-q25), 8 (involving the MYC locus at 8q24), and 22q and losses of 13q and 9 (9p21-q33). Interestingly, gains of 4q (4q28-q31 and 4q34-qtel), 8q24, and 17 were significantly more frequent in PTCL-u than in AILT. The regions 6q (6q16-q22) and 11p11 were predominantly lost in PTCL-u. Moreover, we could identify a recurrent gain of 11q13 in both AILT and PTCL-u, which has previously not been described in AILT. Trisomies 3 and 5, which have been described as typical aberrations in AILT, were identified only in a small number of cases. In conclusion, CGH revealed common genetic events in peripheral T-cell lymphomas as well as peculiar differences between AILT and PTCL-u., (Copyright 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Chromosomal breakpoints affecting immunoglobulin (IG) loci are recurrent in many subtypes of B-cell lymphomas. However, despite the predominant B-cell origin of the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), the presence of chromosomal translocations in IG loci has not yet been systematically explored. Therefore, we have investigated a series of cHL for chromosomal breakpoints in the IGH (n = 230), IGL (n = 139), and IGK (n = 138) loci by interphase cytogenetics. Breakpoints in the IGH, IGL, or IGK locus were observed in the HRS cells of 26 of 149 (17%), 2 of 70, and 1 of 77 evaluable cHLs, respectively. The IG partners could be identified in eight cHLs and involved chromosomal bands 2p16 (REL), 3q27 (BCL6, two cases), 8q24.1 (MYC), 14q24.3, 16p13.1, 17q12, and 19q13.2 (BCL3/RELB). In 65 of 85 (76%) cHLs evaluable for an IGH triple-color probe, the HRS cells showed evidence for a (partial) deletion of the IGH constant region, suggesting the presence of class switch recombination (CSR). Furthermore, analyses with this probe in cases with IGH breakpoints indicated that at least part of them seem to be derived from CSR defects. Our results show that chromosomal breakpoints affecting the IG loci are recurrent in cHL.

Background: Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) are involved in a broad spectrum of physiological processes. Moreover, they also play a key role in tumour invasion and metastatic spread. The induction of MMPs is mediated via the extracellular matrix-metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). EMMPRIN is expressed in a variety of epithelial tumours, but expression in non-Hodgkin lymphomas has not been studied yet., Materials and Methods: Therefore we studied 201 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) for EMMPRIN expression by immunohistochemistry using a newly developed tissue microarray (TMA). This new approach to TMA-technology entails the great advantage that areas of interest (for instance with high tumour cell content) are selected by means of serial sections, thus maintaining appropriate samples of each case on the array. The samples were evaluated with regard to the number of positive tumour cells and staining intensity., Results: All specimens on the arrays contained a sufficient amount of tumour cells. Immunohistochemistry yielded satisfactory results in 196 out of 201 cases. EMMPRIN was expressed in a significantly higher number of tumour cells in high-grade NHL compared with low-grade NHL. Furthermore, the staining intensity was significantly stronger in high-grade NHL., Conclusion: We report on a new type of TMA that allows effective parallel analysis of a large number of tissue samples. Our data indicate that the expression of EMMPRIN is strongly associated with a more aggressive lymphoma type. However, additional studies are required to elucidate the role of EMMPRIN in the tumour biology of NHL. Possibly, EMMPRIN could be a new target in the therapy of NHL., (Copyright© 2004 International Institute of Anticaner Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.)