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With the development of China's economy, the construction industry has made considerable progress, and the quality of engineering survey is also increasing. At the present stage, many new surveying and mapping technologies have been applied in the construction engineering, which not only lays the foundation for the engineering survey, but also effectively improves the quality of the engineering survey. This paper analyzes the importance of engineering survey, and studies the application of new measurement technology in engineering survey, and expects to be helpful for related measurement enterprises.

Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula Bi-Qi capsule (Bi-Qi) is a commonly prescribed drug to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the mechanism of Bi-Qi-mediated amelioration of RA pathogenesis is still a mystery. Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in rats is an established model that shares many similarities with RA in humans. In this study we investigated the effect of Bi-Qi on the pathogenesis of CIA in rats. Methods CIA was developed in Sprague-Dawley (S.D) rats (n = 60, female) and used as a model resembling RA in humans. Rats were treated with a high or moderate dose of Bi-Qi, or methotrexate (MTX). Effects of the treatment on local joint and systemic inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage destruction, and other main features in the pathogenesis of CIA were analyzed. Results Inflamed and swollen ankles and joints were observed in arthritic rats, while Bi-Qi or MTX treatment alleviated these symptoms. Only the Bi-Qi moderate dose decreased RA-induced serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Both Bi-Qi and MTX reduced the interleukin (IL)-18 serum level. Protein levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and osteopontin in serum, synovium, and cartilage were elevated in arthritic rats, while Bi-Qi alleviated these effects. Synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration in synovium and a high degree of cartilage degradation was observed in RA, and Bi-Qi or MTX alleviated this effect. Bi-Qi at the moderate dose was the most effective in mitigating CIA-related clinical complications. Conclusions Our findings showed that Bi-Qi alleviates CIA-induced inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage destruction, and the other main features in the pathogenesis of CIA. This provides fundamental evidence for the anti-arthritic properties of Bi-Qi and corroborates the use of Bi-Qi TCM formula for the treatment of RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1547-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Table S1. Physiological and behavioral observation. Table S2. Body weight. (DOCX 18 kb)

CrtN has been identified as an attractive and druggable target for treating pigmented Staphylococcus aureus infections. More than 100 new compounds were synthesized, which target the overwhelming the defects of the CrtN inhibitor 1. Analogues 23a and 23b demonstrated a significant activity against pigmented S. aureus Newman and 13 MRSA strains (IC50 = 0.02-10.5 nM), along with lower hERG inhibition (IC50 > 30 μM, ∼10-fold decrease in comparison with 1). Furthermore, 23a and 23b were confirmed to reduce the staphylococcal load in the kidney and heart in a mouse model with normal treatment deeper than pretreatment ones, comparable even with vancomycin and linezolid. Remarkably, 23a could strongly block the pigment biosynthesis of these nine multidrug-resistant MRSA strains, including excellent activity against LRSA strains and VISA strains in vivo, and all of which demonstrated that 23a has a huge potential against intractable MRSA, VISA, and LRSA issues as a therapeutic drug.

[Image: see text] Diapophytoene desaturase (CrtN) is a potential novel target for intervening in the biosynthesis of the virulence factor staphyloxanthin. In this study, 38 1,4-benzodioxan-derived CrtN inhibitors were designed and synthesized to overwhelm the defects of leading compound 4a. Derivative 47 displayed superior pigment inhibitory activity, better hERG inhibitory properties and water solubility, and significantly sensitized MRSA strains to immune clearance in vitro. Notably, 47 displayed excellent efficacy against pigmented S. aureus Newman, Mu50 (vancomycin-intermediate MRSA, VISA), and NRS271 (linezolid-resistant MRSA, LRSA) comparable to that of linezolid and vancomycin in vivo.

RhoA, a member of the Rho GTPases, is involved in a variety of cellular functions and could be a suitable therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, few small-molecule RhoA inhibitors have been reported. Based on our previously reported lead compounds, 32 new 2-substituted quinoline (or quinoxaline) derivatives were synthesized and tested in biological assays. Six compounds showed high RhoA inhibitory activities, with IC50 values of 1.17-1.84 μM. Among these, (E)-3-(3-(ethyl(quinolin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acrylic acid (26 b) and (E)-3-(3-(butyl(quinolin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acrylic acid (26 d) demonstrated noticeable vasorelaxation effects against phenylephrine-induced contraction in thoracic aorta artery rings, and compound 26 b had good water solubility and showed significant in vivo efficacy, which was similar to that of 5-(1,4-diazepane-1-sulfonyl)isoquinoline (fasudil) in a subarachnoid hemorrhage-cardiovascular model. To the best of our knowledge, compound 26 b is the first example of a small- molecule RhoA inhibitor with potent in vivo efficacy, which could serve as a good lead for designing cardiovascular agents.

A series of novel, cycloalkyl-modified pazopanib analogs 2 and 3 were designed and synthesized. Their kinase modulatory effects on FGFR-1, VEGFR-2, PDGFR- β , and c-KIT were evaluated by the caliper mobility shift assay. Introduction of cycloalkyl into the pyrimidine linker of pazopanib almost abolished the four kinases inhibitory potency of compounds 2 and 3 , but surprisingly, resulted in good activation effects on FGFR-1. Compounds 3d and 3g showed double-digit, nanomolar, selective activation effects on FGFR-1, and could be classified as first-generation small molecular activators of FGFR-1 kinase.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the inhibition of miR-145 on cyclin-dependent protein kinase 6 (CDK6) and the proliferation of human cervical carcinoma cells. The miR-145 sequence was synthesized and cloned into pcDNA™6.2-GW to construct the recombinant plasmid pcDNA6.2-GW-miR-145. HeLa cells were divided into the micro (mi)R-145, normal control and blank groups. The transcription levels of miR-145 and CDK6 were detected using quantitative polymerase chin reaction and western blot analysis was used to examine the CDK6 protein expression. In addition, the inhibitory effect of miR-145 on the proliferation of HeLa cells was measured by an MTT assay. The recombinant plasmid pcDNA6.2-GW-miR-145 was successfully constructed and used to transfect the HeLa cells in the MiR-145 group. The miR-145 expression level in the miR-145 group was significantly higher than that in the blank group. The CDK6 expression level in miR-145 group was significantly lower than that in the blank group. Furthermore, miR-145 inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells. In conclusion, miR-145 overexpression suppresses the expression of CDK6 and inhibits the proliferative ability of HeLa cells.

The aim of this study was to observe the effects of jujube on learning and memory in ovariectomized rats. The effects of jujube on learning and memory in ovariectomized rats were observed using the Morris water maze method. The serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and the brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels of the rats were determined. The results indicated that jujube reduced the latency period and increased the number of crossings made by the ovariectomized rats in the Morris water maze test. Jujube also increased the serum estrogen level, reduced the serum FSH and corpus luteum LH levels, increased brain NOS activity and reduced AChE activity. The results indicate that jujube promoted the learning and memory of the ovariectomized rats. This effect may be correlated with the increase in the estrogen level in the blood, and the changes in the nitric oxide and acetylcholine levels in the brain.

A colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence anion sensor 1 was designed and synthesized according to site-signalling subunit approach. The sensor exhibited visible color changes from yellow to purple upon addition of the strong basic anions such as acetate. The ratiometric fluorescence changes with significant blue shift about 140 nm were observed during the fluorescence titrations. Such ratiometric fluorescence changes could be due to inhibition of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). The 1H NMR titrations indicated that the sensor 1 showed deprotonation in presence of large amounts of acetate ion. Therefore, ESIPT was inhibited owing to presence of deprotonation of phenol unit.

Although promising results have been achieved in the areas of traffic-sign detection and classification, few works have provided simultaneous solutions to these two tasks for realistic real world images. We make two contributions to this problem. Firstly, we have created a large traffic-sign benchmark from 100000 Tencent Street View panoramas, going beyond previous benchmarks. It provides 100000 images containing 30000 traffic-sign instances. These images cover large variations in illuminance and weather conditions. Each traffic-sign in the benchmark is annotated with a class label, its bounding box and pixel mask. We call this benchmark Tsinghua-Tencent 100K. Secondly, we demonstrate how a robust end-to-end convolutional neural network (CNN) can simultaneously detect and classify trafficsigns. Most previous CNN image processing solutions target objects that occupy a large proportion of an image, and such networks do not work well for target objects occupying only a small fraction of an image like the traffic-signs here. Experimental results show the robustness of our network and its superiority to alternatives. The benchmark, source code and the CNN model introduced in this paper is publicly available1.

Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS) and Fructus Gardeniae (FG) are two herbs commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies have suggested that Fructus Gardeniae as well as Semen Ziziphi Spinosae are able to regulate the function of the central nervous system. However, their effect on learning and memory has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we examined the effect of SZS and FG on the learning and memory of mice using the methods of step-through and -down passive avoidance tasks and Morris water maze tasks. The results showed that SZS and FG extracts have certain effects on improving the performance of the learning and memory-impaired mouse model. Of note, compound extracts of SZS and FG have a synergistic effect on the learning and memory of mice.

We present an application of a clustering technique to a large original dataset of SCI publications which is capable at disentangling the different research lines followed by a scientist, their duration over time and the intensity of effort devoted to each of them. Information is obtained by means of software-assisted content analysis, based on the co-occurrence of words in the full abstract and title of a set of SCI publications authored by 650 American star-physicists across 17 years. We estimated that scientists in our dataset over the time span contributed on average to 16 different research lines lasting on average 3.5 years and published nearly 5 publications in each single line of research. The technique is potentially useful for scholars studying science and the research community, as well as for research agencies, to evaluate if the scientist is new to the topic and for librarians, to collect timely biographic information.

GaN nanowires have been successfully synthesized on Si(111) substrate by ammoniating Ga"2O"3 films at 950^oC. The structure and morphology of GaN nanowires are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the synthesized nanowires are single-crystal hexagonal wurtzite GaN with diameters ranging from 50 to 100nm and lengths up to several microns. Finally, the growth mechanism of GaN nanowires is explored.

A new method for the synthesis of sulfamethazine-imprinted polymer on the surface of silica via quasi-living radical polymerization and the application of the resulting polymer in determination of the SMZ in milk is developed. In the synthesis, initiator-transfer agent-terminator (iniferter) was immobilized on the silica surface using chemical reagents with good availability. The imprinting polymerization was initialized by the silica-supported iniferter under the UV radiation. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layer grafted on the silica surface was constructed by using sulfamethazine (SMZ) as the template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) as cross-linker. The resulting MIP-silica has good selectivity for SMZ and high column efficiency in the HPLC analysis. The result demonstrated that the SMZ-imprinted polymer was grafted on the silica surface successfully. Under the optimized HPLC condition, the MIP-silica has been used for the determination of SMZ in milk. The method was linear over the concentration range of 0.1-50 microgmL(-1) with correlation coefficient R>0.999. The detection limit for SMZ was 25 ngmL(-1). The recoveries were above 78% at the spiked concentration of 0.024, 0.24 and 0.48 microgmL(-1).

A novel method is applied to prepare nanorods. In this method, nanorods have been successfully synthesized on Si(111) substrates through annealing sputtered Ga 2 O 3 /Nb films under flowing ammonia at 950 °C in a quartz tube. The as-synthesized nanorods are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The results show that the nanorod is single-crystalline GaN. It has a diameter of about 200 nm and lengths typically up to several micrometers. Photoluminescence spectrum under excitation at 325 nm only exhibits a UV light emission peak is located at about 368.5 nm. Finally, the growth mechanism of nanorods is also briefly discussed.

Nanostructured GaN was synthesized by ammoniating Ga"2O"3/Mo films at different temperatures in a quartz tube. The as-synthesized GaN was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that the nanostructured material is single-crystal GaN with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The ammoniating temperature of the samples has an evident effect on the morphology and structure of the nanostructured GaN synthesized by this method. Lower temperature promotes the growth of wire-like structures and higher temperature facilitates the formation of the sheet-like structure. The growth mechanism of the nanostructured GaN was also discussed.

Wurtzite GaN nanorods have been successfully synthesized on Si(111) substrates through ammoniating Ga 2 O 3 /Nb films under flowing ammonia atmosphere at 950 ∘ C in a quartz tube. The nanorods have been confirmed as hexagonal wurtzite GaN by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field-emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM) reveal that the nanorods are straight and uniform, with a diameter of ranging from 100 to 200 nm and lengths up to several microns. The photoluminescence spectra (PL) measured at room temperature only exhibit a strong emission peak at 368.5 nm. Finally, the growth mechanism of GaN nanorods is also briefly discussed.

Pine-needle-shaped GaN nanorods have been successfully synthesized on Si(111) substrates by ammoniating Ga 2 O 3 /Nb films at 950 ∘ C in a quartz tube. The products are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field-emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM). The results show that the pine-needle-shaped nanorods have a pure hexagonal GaN wurtzite with a diameter ranging from 100 to 200 nm and a length up to several microns. The photoluminescence spectra (PL) measured at room temperature only exhibit a strong emission peak at 368 nm. Finally, the growth mechanism of GaN nanorods is also briefly explored.

A novel method was applied to prepare β-Ga2O3 nanorods. In this method, β-Ga2O3 nanorods have been successfully synthesized on Si(1 1 1) substrates through annealing sputtered Ga2O3/Mo films under flowing ammonia at 950 °C in a quartz tube. The as-synthesized nanorods are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the nanorod is single-crystalline Ga2O3 with monoclinic structure. The β-Ga2O3 nanorods are straight and smooth with diameters in the range of 200–300 nm and lengths typically up to several micrometers. The growth process of the β-Ga2O3 nanorods is probably dominated by conventional vapor–solid (VS) mechanism.

Large quantities of GaN nanorods have been successfully synthesized on Si(1 1 1) substrates by magnetron sputtering through ammoniating the Ga 2 O 3 /ZnO films at 950 °C in a quartz tube. The GaN nanorods are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a field-emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM), a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer and a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results show that the nanorods have pure hexagonal GaN wurtzite structure, with lengths of about several micrometers and diameters of about 200 nm. The clear lattice fringes demonstrate that the synthesized nanorods are single-crystal GaN. The FTIR spectrum further confirms that the GaN is obtained under this condition. The representative photoluminescence spectrum at room temperature exhibited a strong emission peak at 375.7 nm and two weak emission peaks at 436.2 and 475.5 nm. The GaN nanorods show a very good emission property, which will have a good advantage for applications in laser device using one-dimensional structures. Finally, the growth mechanism is also briefly discussed.

Single-crystalline GaN nanowires and nanorods have been successfully grown on Si(1 1 1) substrates by magnetron sputtering through ammoniating the Ga 2 O 3 /Nb films at 900 °C in a quartz tube. The GaN nanowires and nanorods have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field-emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM), and photoluminescence. The results show that the diameters of the nanowires are about 50 nm while the diameters of the nanorods are within 100–200 nm. Photoluminescence of the GaN nanostructure materials revealed only a strong and broad UV light emission peak at 369 nm. Finally, the growth mechanism of GaN nanostructure materials is also briefly discussed.

Single-crystalline GaN nanorods were successfully synthesized on Si(1 1 1) substrates through ammoniating Ga 2 O 3 /Mo films deposited on the Si(1 1 1) substrate by radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The as-synthesized nanorods are confirmed as single-crystalline GaN with wurtzite structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displays that the GaN nanorods are straight and smooth with diameters in the range of 100–200 nm and lengths typically up to several micrometers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the formation of bonding between Ga and N. The representative photoluminescence spectrum at room temperature exhibits a strong and broad emission band centered at 371.1 nm, attributed to GaN band-edge emission. The growth process of GaN nanorod may be dominated by vapor–solid (VS) mechanism.

Document Frequency (DF) is reported to be a simple yet quite effective measure for feature selection in text classification, which is a key step in processing big textual data collections. The calculation is based on how many documents in a collection contain a feature, which can be a word, a phrase, a n-gram, or a specially derived attribute. It is an unsupervised and class independent metric. Features of the same DF value may have quite different distribution over different categories, and thus have different discriminative power over categories. For example, in a binary classification problem, if feature A only appears in one category, but feature B, which has the same DF value as feature A, is evenly distributed in both categories. Then, feature A is obviously more effective than feature B for classification. To overcome this weakness of the original document frequency feature selection metric, we, therefore, propose a class based document frequency strategy to further refine the original DF to some extent. Extensive experiments on three text classification datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed measures.

GaN nanorods have been successfully synthesized on Si(111) substrates by magnetron sputtering through ammoniating Ga2O3/ZnO films at 950 °C in a quartz tube. The GaN nanorods are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The results show that the nanorods have a pure hexagonal GaN wurtzite structure with lengths of about several micrometers and diameters of about 200 nm, and the growth direction of the GaN nanorods is parallel to the (101) plane. The photoluminescence spectrum indicates that the nanorods have a good emission property. Finally, the growth mechanism is also briefly discussed.

ZnO thin films were prepared on Si(111) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Then, the samples were annealed at different temperatures in NH3 ambient and their properties were investigated particularly as a function of annealing temperature. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of ZnO films were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL). The results show that the increase of annealing temperature makes for the improvement in the crystal quality and surface morphology below the temperature of 650°C. However, when the annealing temperature is above 650°C, the ZnO films will volatilize and, especially at 750°C, ZnO will volatilize completely.

In the past research, Document Frequency (DF) has been validated to be a simple yet quite effective measure for feature selection in text classification. The calculation is based on how many documents in a collection contain a feature, which can be a word, a phrase, a n-gram, or a specially derived attribute. The counting process takes a binary strategy: if a feature appears in a document, its DF will be increased by one. This traditional DF metric concerns only about whether a feature appears in a document, but does not consider how important the feature is in that document. Obviously, thus counted document frequency is very likely to introduce much noise. Therefore, a weighted document frequency (WDF) is proposed and expected to reduce such noise to some extent. Extensive experiments on two text classification datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed measure.

In social network analysis, community detection is an important task that aims at uncovering hidden community structure. Most of the existing methods only consider link structure in networks. However, many of them are affected by detectability threshold, a limitation that may leads to ill-defined communities. Moreover, there is link noise in networks, which makes the task more challenging. Fortunately, vertices are often associated with textual content, which is a reasonable complement for identifying good partitions. In this work, we propose an algorithm CLICT to detect social communities. The work consists of three steps: 1) expansion of social network with content similarity; 2) initial partition for weighted network; 3) refinement by triangle participation ratio. Experimental results on two real social networks demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective for community detection.

To investigate the variation of Th17 cell frequency and IL-17 level in rats infected with Helicobacter pylori (Hp).A total of 30 rats were used to be infected with Hp by intragastric administration of bacterial suspension. Every 10 rats were sacrificed after 3, 6 and 9 weeks, respectively. The gastric tissues of rats were pathologically examined by HE staining. The level of IL-17 in the gastric tissues of rats was detected by ELISA. The flow cytometry was performed to determine Th17 cell frequency and reverse transcription PCR was to detect the level of IL-17 mRNA in single-cell suspensions of rat spleen.Hp infection induced the obvious pathological changes in the rat gastric mucosa. The level of IL-17 in the gastric tissues increased with the prolonging of the Hp infection. Both Th17 cell frequency and IL-17 mRNA level in rat spleen cells infected with Hp at 3, 6 and 9 weeks were significantly higher than those in control rats, and they were significantly different when compared among different time points.Hp infection could induce the damage of rat gastric mucosa and increase IL-17 level in the stomach. Furthermore, Hp infection could up-regulate the Th17 cell frequency and IL-17 mRNA level in rat spleen cells.

Temporal information is an important attribute of a topic, and a topic usually exists in a limited period. Therefore, many researchers have explored the utilization of temporal information in topic detection and tracking (TDT). They use either a story's publication time or temporal expressions in text to derive temporal relatedness between two stories or a story and a topic. However, past research neglects the fact that people tend to express a time with different granularities as time lapses. Based on a careful investigation of temporal information in news streams, we propose a new strategy with time granularity reasoning for utilizing temporal information in topic tracking. A set of topic times, which as a whole represent the temporal attribute of a topic, are distinguished from others in the given on-topic stories. The temporal relatedness between a story and a topic is then determined by the highest coreference level between each time in the story and each topic time where the coreference level between a test time and a topic time is inferred from the two times themselves, their granularities, and the time distance between the topic time and the publication time of the story where the test time appears. Furthermore, the similarity value between an incoming story and a topic, that is the likelihood that a story is on-topic, can be adjusted only when the new story is both temporally and semantically related to the target topic. Experiments on two different TDT corpora show that our proposed method could make good use of temporal information in news stories, and it consistently outperforms the baseline centroid algorithm and other algorithms which consider temporal relatedness.

Objective: This study is to provide reliable experimental treatment options for the diagnosis of acute leukemia, prognosis analysis and the detection of minimal residual disease. We observed the bone marrow CD123/CD117/CD34/HLA-DR antigen expression in 64 elderly patients with acute leukemia (AL). Methods: The immune phenotypes of 64 elderly AL patients were detected and the correlations of CD123, HLA-DR, CD34 and CD117 expression with the leukemia cell morphology were analyzed. The cell genetics, molecular biology and the prognostic stratification were compared based on flow cytometry. Results: In CDl23-positive patients, the complete remission (CR) rate was 21.5%. In CDl23-negative patients, the CR rate was 59.1%. The CR rate was 21.9% in HLA-DR-positive patients and 43.8% in HLA-DR-negative patients. The CR rate was 24.0% in CD34-positive patients and 41.1% in CD34-negative patients. The CR rate was 29.0% in CD117-positive patients and 42.3% in CD117-negative patients. The CR rate was 34.4% in CD38-positive patients and 0.00% in CD38-negative patients. Conclusions: These results suggest that CD123+, CD117+, CD34+, and HLA-DR+ are the factors related with the poor prognosis of elderly patients with acute leukemia.

Calcitonin is usually produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid. However in an immunohistochemistry experiment we observed that the cells of the serous acini of rat submaxillary gland tissue were stained positive with calcitonin antibodies. We further used immunocytochemistry and nucleic acid hybridization to localize the distribution of calcitonin protein and calcitonin mRNA respectively in cultivated cells of rat submaxillary glands. The results showed that the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the submaxillary glands had positive staining in immunocytochemistry using calcitonin monoclonal antibody and positive reaction in nucleic acid hybridization using calcitonin mRNA complementary DNA probe. For the first time we found that the cells of the submaxillary glands of rats can produce the hormone calcitonin.

Photolysis of cis,syn-(η5-C5H5)2Fe2(CO)2(μ-SMe)2 and mixtures enriched in the trans,anti isomer in frozen Nujol matrixes at ca. 90 K has revealed a complex set of wavelength-dependent photoproducts. These photoproducts include three species with bridging carbonyl groups that appear to be a set of conformers differing in the relative orientation of the S−Me groups, a dicarbonyl species that may be a conformer of the trans,anti isomer, and two species that appear to have a single terminal carbonyl group. Evidence is also presented for the formation of an IR-silent intermediate, (η5-C5H5)2Fe2(μ-SMe)2. Solution studies have demonstrated that the bridging carbonyl species are sufficiently stable to be observed at room temperature. These bridging isomers readily react with CO to mostly form the trans,anti isomer, providing one mechanism for cis to trans interchange. Photolysis of cis,syn-(η5-C5H5)2Fe2(CO)2(μ-SMe)2 in petroleum ether under 13CO at room temperature results in formation of both labeled and unlabel...

The GaN nanowires were successfully synthesized on Si(111) substrates by ammoniating the Ga2O3/ZnO films at 900 °C. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared GaN nanowires were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field-emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM). The results show that the single-crystal GaN nanowires have a hexagonal wurtzite structure with lengths of about several micrometers and diameters ranging from 30 nm to 120 nm, which are conducive to the application of nanodevices. Finally, the growth mechanism is also briefly discussed.

As part of a project aimed at developing new agents for potential application in Alzheimer's disease, a new series of acetophenone derivatives which possess alkylamine side chains were designed, synthesized and assayed as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that could simultaneously bind to the peripheral and catalytic sites of the enzyme. The compounds were synthesized, and the inhibitory activities toward AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in vitro were determined using a modified Ellman method. Of the compounds tested, 6 derivatives were found to inhibit AChE in the micromolar range. The best compound, 2e, had an 1C50 of 0.13 microM. A detailed molecular modeling study was performed to explore the interaction of 2e with AChE.

This study aimed to determine the effects and mechanisms of gardenia oil on bone density and bone biomechanics in ovariectomized female rats. An ovariectomized rat model was established and the rats were administered various doses of gardenia oil. Rats administered diethylstilbestrol or saline served as the positive and the untreated controls, respectively. All rats received the same surgery, with the exception of the ovariectomy in the sham group. The levels of serum 17β-estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium, and the bone material density (BMD), maximum stress and maximum strain were determined. The expression of COX-2 was also determined by immunoblotting and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Gardenia oil increased the serum levels of 17β-estradiol, the BMD, and the maximum stress and maximum strain of bones. The levels of COX-2 protein and COX-2 mRNA were significantly increased in the gardenia oil-treated rats. In conclusion, gardenia oil increases estradiol levels and BMD in an ovariectomized rat model. The effects of gardenia oil are associated with upregulation of the expression of COX-2.

Detection of ellipse and line targets is important for the analysis of Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) images. An automatic ellipse and line targets detection method from synthetic aperture sonar images is presented. The method mainly has three procedures: preprocessing of SAS images, Zernike Orthogonal Moment Edge Detection Algorithm (ZOMEDA), line and ellipse detection. The guidance is presented firstly on how to perform the preprocessing of SAS images. Then, ZOMEDA is utilized to produce edge points with both the direction and position information. Principles of ZOMEDA with the 7x7 template are analyzed and the coefficients to carry out the ZOMEDA are calculated and listed. The idea of Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) is applied to the Line and ellipse detection procedure to improve the robustness and the computing efficiency. Detail procedures of RANSAC are analyzed in the article. Calculating of line and ellipse parameters is pivotal to carry out the idea of RANSAC. Principles are analyzed on how to calculate the parameters of the line and ellipse based on the direction and position information. Another important procedure, parameters refinement, is also discussed. At last, the line and ellipse detection method is applied to simulated datasets and lake-trial datasets for validation.

Sub-class partition information within positive and negative classes is often ignored by a binary classifier, even when these detailed background information is available at hand. It is expected that this kind of additional information can help to improve the differentiating capacity of a binary classifier. In this paper, a binary classification strategy via multi-class categorization is proposed to leverage sub-class partition information when they are available. Empirical studies on the 20 newsgroups dataset demonstrate the benefits of this strategy. Furthermore, a preliminary application of this binary classification strategy for multi-label classification problem is given with promising results.

A novel method was applied to prepare one-dimensional β-Ga2O3 nanostructure films. In this method, β-Ga2O3 nanostructures have been successfully synthesized on Si(111) substrates through annealing sputtered Ga2O3/Mo films for differernt time under flowing ammonia. The as-synthesized β-Ga2O3 nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The results show that the formed nanostructures are single-crystalline Ga2O3 with monoclinic structure. The annealing time of the samples has an evident influence on the morphology and optical property of the nanostructured β-Ga2O3 synthesized. The representative photoluminescence spectrum at room temperature exhibits a strong and broad emission band centered at 411.5 nm and a relatively weak emission peak located at 437.6 nm. The growth mechanism of the β-Ga2O3 nanostructured materials is also discussed briefly.

In this paper we begin to investigate how to automatically determine the subjectivity orientation of questions posted by real users in community question answering (CQA) portals. Subjective questions seek answers containing private states, such as personal opinion and experience. In contrast, objective questions request objective, verifiable information, often with support from reliable sources. Knowing the question orientation would be helpful not only for evaluating answers provided by users, but also for guiding the CQA engine to process questions more intelligently. Our experiments on Yahoo! Answers data show that our method exhibits promising performance.