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Balistoides viridescens (Bloch & Schneider 1801) —Titan triggerfish (Fig. 162) Status at New Ireland. New record, based on specimens observed at Kavieng fish market in 2004–2005 by Jeff Kinch during CFMDP Survey, and by Barry C. Russell on 7 June 2014; a specimen photographed at Lissenung Island by Dietmar Amon on 11 Oct. 2007 a video of a specimen taken at Anelaua Island, off eastern New Hanover, 4–12 m depth, St. KR 130, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Red Sea and East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New South Wales (Australia) and Tonga. Found in lagoon and seaward reefs and sheltered inner coral and rocky reef slopes; juveniles often associated with isolated patches of branching coral or rubble of shallow sandy protected areas, including tidal pools; adults occur singly or in pairs on the slopes of deep lagoon or seaward reefs, 0–50 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Melichthys vidua (Richardson [ex Solander] 1844)—Pinktail triggerfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from Lihir Group, Namatamai District, New Ireland by Fry et al. (2006: 129). Photograph of a specimen from Kavieng, New Ireland taken on 1 June 2013 during ACIAR Aquarium Survey; a video of a specimen taken off southern New Hanover at 3–47 m depth, St. KR 106, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: East and South Africa east to Hawaiian, Line, Marquesas and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Found in seaward coral reefs with rich invertebrate growth, 4–60 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Fry, G. C., Brewer, D. T. & Venables, W. N. (2006) Vulnerability of deepwater demersal fishes to commercial fishing: Evidence from a study around a tropical volcanic seamount in Papua New Guinea. Fisheries Research, 81, 126 - 141."]}

Rhinecanthus verrucosus (Linnaeus 1758) —Blackpatch triggerfish (Fig. 164) Status at New Ireland. First recorded from Port Praslin, New Ireland as Balistes praslinoides by Lesson (1831: 117, poissons pl. 9, fig. 3), based on MNHN B.1771; reported as Balistes verrucosus by Günther (1910: 445), and from St. Mathias by Duncker & Mohr (1929: 74). Specimens observed in Kavieng Lagoon by Jeff Kinch during ACIAR Aquarium Survey in 2013 (see Teitelbaum et al. 2013: 15, R. verucosus); a specimen photographed at Lissenung Island, Kavieng District, 1 m depth, by Dean Tully on 27 June 2014; a video of a specimen taken in Senta Passage, east of New Hanover, at 5–16 m depth, St. KR118, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). ZMH material. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2, 3, 4.—General distribution: Seychelles and Chagos Archipelago east to western Caroline Islands and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in sheltered areas of mixed coral and rubble, or in seagrass habitats, 1–20 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Lesson, R. P. (1831) Poissons. In: Duperrey, L. I. (ed.), Foyage autour du monde, ..., sur la corvette de La Majeste La Coquille, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825..., Zoologie tome 2. Paris. (Pt. 1, text): 66 - 238; Atlas (1832): pls. 1 - 38.","Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1910) Andrew Garrett's Fische der Sudsee. Band III, Heft IX. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, Hamburg, 6 (17), i-vi + 389 - 515, pls. 161 - 180.","Duncker, G. & Mohr, E. (1929) Die Fische der Sudsee-Expedition der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung 1908 - 1909. 3. Teil. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 44, 57 - 84.","Teitelbaum, A., Nahacky, A. & Kinch, J. (2013) A commercial survey of aquarium fish species in the Kavieng Lagoon, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. Report, James Cook University, Townsville, 1 - 21."]}

Abalistes stellatus (Anonymous 1798) —Starry triggerfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Ireland as Balistes stellatus by Günther (1910: 437). Specimens observed at Kavieng fish market in 2004–2005 by Jeff Kinch during CFMDP Survey. NTUM material. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Solitary on muddy or fine silty sand bottoms, occasionally near reefs, 4–120 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1910) Andrew Garrett's Fische der Sudsee. Band III, Heft IX. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, Hamburg, 6 (17), i-vi + 389 - 515, pls. 161 - 180."]}

Pseudobalistes fuscus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) —Bluestriped triggerfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken on east side of Tsoileunung Island, southeast of New Hanover, at 6–21 m depth, St. KR124, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1.—General distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Australia and New Caledonia. Solitary in sheltered reefs, lagoon and on seaward reef slopes, 1–50 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Rhinecanthus aculeatus (Linnaeus 1758) —Blackpatch triggerfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from Carteret Harbour, New Ireland as Balistes aculeatus by Peters (1877: 852). A specimen photographed at Lissenung Island, Kavieng District by Dietmar Amon on 20 Feb. 2010. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2, 3.—General distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal, South Africa; Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Australia and Lord Howe Island. Found on reef flats or in coral reef lagoons, 0–50 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on pages 323-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Peters, W. C. H. (1877) Ubersicht der wahrend der von 1874 bis 1876 unter der Commando des Hrn. Capitan z. S. Freiherrn von Schleinitz ausgefuhrten Reise S. M. S. Gazelle gesammelten und von der Kaiserlichen Admiralitat der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften ubersandten Fische. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preuss [ischen] Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 831 - 854."]}

Canthidermis maculata (Bloch 1786) —Oceanic triggerfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on specimens observed at Kavieng fish market in 2004–2005 by Jeff Kinch during CFMDP Survey; a video of a specimen taken in Senta Passage, east of New Hanover, at 5–16 m depth, St. KR 118, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and temperate oceans. Epipelagic in coastal and offshore waters, 1–110 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Balistapus undulatus (Park 1797) —Orange-lined triggerfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Ireland and New Hanover by Peters (1877: 852); reported from St. Mathias as Balistes undulatus by Duncker & Mohr (1929: 76), from St. George Canal, New Ireland by Munro (1958: 287–288), and from Lihir Group, Namatamai District by Fry et al. (2006: 129). A specimen photographed on 4 June 2013 in Kavieng region during ACIAR Aquarium Survey. ZMH material. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.—General distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Line, Marquesas and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia. Found in coral-rich areas of seaward reefs, 1–50 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Peters, W. C. H. (1877) Ubersicht der wahrend der von 1874 bis 1876 unter der Commando des Hrn. Capitan z. S. Freiherrn von Schleinitz ausgefuhrten Reise S. M. S. Gazelle gesammelten und von der Kaiserlichen Admiralitat der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften ubersandten Fische. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preuss [ischen] Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 831 - 854.","Duncker, G. & Mohr, E. (1929) Die Fische der Sudsee-Expedition der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung 1908 - 1909. 3. Teil. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, 44, 57 - 84.","Munro, I. S. R. (1958) The fishes of the New Guinea region. Fishery Bulletin, Territory of Papua and New Guinea, Port Moresby, 1, 97 - 369.","Fry, G. C., Brewer, D. T. & Venables, W. N. (2006) Vulnerability of deepwater demersal fishes to commercial fishing: Evidence from a study around a tropical volcanic seamount in Papua New Guinea. Fisheries Research, 81, 126 - 141."]}

Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch & Schneider 1801) —Clown triggerfish (Fig. 161) Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Ireland as Balistes conspicillum by Lesson (1831: 112, poissons pl. 9, fig. 1). Specimens photographed at Lissenung Island by Dietmar Amon on 17 Apr. 2007 and 6 Apr. 2008; a video of a specimen taken off Patio Island, southeast of New Hanover at 5–14 m depth, St. KR 96, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: East and South Africa, Seychelles and Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Hokkaido (Japan) and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Found in clear seaward coral and rocky reefs adjacent to steep dropoffs, 1–75 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Lesson, R. P. (1831) Poissons. In: Duperrey, L. I. (ed.), Foyage autour du monde, ..., sur la corvette de La Majeste La Coquille, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825..., Zoologie tome 2. Paris. (Pt. 1, text): 66 - 238; Atlas (1832): pls. 1 - 38."]}

Sufflamen fraenatum (Latreille 1804) —Bridled triggerfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a specimen observed on north coast of Kavieng District, 2–24 m depth, St. T 7, on 1 Nov. 2006, by Gerald R. Allen. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Australia, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. Found on sand-rubble bottoms of seaward reefs, 8–186 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Sufflamen chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider 1801) —Flagtail triggerfish, halfmoon triggerfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Hanover as Balistes niger by Günther (1910: 439). A specimen photographed at Lissenung Island, Kavieng District, 6 m depth, by Dean Tully on 22 June 2013. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Found in coastal to seaward coral and rocky reefs, from silty lagoons to pristine outer reef walls, 1–30 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1910) Andrew Garrett's Fische der Sudsee. Band III, Heft IX. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, Hamburg, 6 (17), i-vi + 389 - 515, pls. 161 - 180."]}

Melichthys niger (Bloch 1786) —Black triggerfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken at Kavieng, Kavieng District, 0–11 m depth, St. KR22, 5 June 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell); another taken on east side of Tsoileunung Island, southeast of New Hanover, at 6–21 m depth, St. KR124, in 2014. Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and temperate oceans. Found in seaward reefs, 2–75 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on pages 321-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean, White, William T. (2019): Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records. Zootaxa 4588 (1): 1-360, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1

Rhinecanthus rectangulus (Bloch & Schneider [ex Lacepède & Commerson] 1801)—Wedgetail triggerfish Status at New Ireland. New record, based on a video of a specimen taken at Kavieng, Kavieng District, 0–11 m depth, St. KR22, 5 June 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord Howe Island and Kermadec Islands, and Hawaiian Islands. Found on reef flats or in seaward coral reefs, 1–12 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Sufflamen bursa (Bloch & Schneider 1801) —Scythe triggerfish, boomerang triggerfish (Fig. 165) Status at New Ireland. New record based on specimens photographed on 1–2 June 2013 during ACIAR Aquarium Survey in Kavieng District; a specimen photographed at Lissenung Island by Dietmar Amon on 23 July 2006; a video of a specimen taken off southern New Hanover at 3–47 m depth, St. KR 106, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: East and South Africa, Seychelles and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Rapa. Found in clear inner and outer coral and rocky reef habitats from exposed algae reef flats to deep along drop-offs, 3–90 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163

Odonus niger (Rüppell 1836) —Redtooth triggerfish Status at New Ireland. First recorded from New Ireland by Allen & Erdmann (2012: 1063). A specimen photographed at Kavieng on 3 June 2013 during ACIAR Aquarium Survey (see Teitelbaum et al. 2013: 15); specimens photographed at Lissenung Island by Dietmar Amon on 22 June 2008; a video of a specimen taken at Nubilus Island, off eastern New Hanover, 3–25 m depth, St. KR90, in 2014 (identified by Barry C. Russell). Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 1, 2.—General distribution: Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Marquesas and Society islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga. Found in current-swept seaward coral and rocky reefs, 5–40 m depth. Marine., Published as part of Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Kinch, Jeff, Mana, Ralph, Russell, Barry C., Tully, Dean & White, William T., 2019, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records, pp. 1-360 in Zootaxa 4588 (1) on page 322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4588.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2988163, {"references":["Allen, G. R. & Erdmann, M. V. (2012) Reef fishes of the East Indies, volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research, Perth [vol. I: x + 424 pp + end note; vol. II: 425 - 855; vol. III: preface, map, contents and 857 - 1260.]","Teitelbaum, A., Nahacky, A. & Kinch, J. (2013) A commercial survey of aquarium fish species in the Kavieng Lagoon, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. Report, James Cook University, Townsville, 1 - 21."]}

BALISTIDAE Abalistes stellatus (Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Baranes 2005), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes stellatus; Sanzo 1930, as Balistes lineatus), Eritrea (Rüppell 1829, as Balistes stellatus; Sanzo 1930, as Balistes lineatus), Saudi Arabia (Bogorodsky et al. 2014b), Yemen (Heda et al. 1998, as Abalistis stellatus). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Palau, Fiji and Tonga. Balistapus undulatus (Park 1797) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952), Israel (Steinitz & Ben-Tuvia 1955), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes undulatus), Sudan (Edwards & Rosewell 1981), Eritrea (Tortonese 1947a), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1829, as Balistes lineatus; Roux-Estève 1956). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Line and Marquesas islands and Tuamotu Archipelago. Balistoides viridescens (Bloch & Schneider 1801) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes viridescens), Sudan (Edwards & Rosewell 1981), Eritrea (Rüppell 1829, as Balistes viridescens), Saudi Arabia (Botros 1971, as Balistes viridescens). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group. Canthidermis macrolepis (Boulenger 1888) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Israel (Baranes 2005). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Lieske & Myers 2010), Eritrea (Tortonese 1956, as Canthidermis longirostris). General distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and southern Oman. Odonus niger (Rüppell 1836) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952), Israel (Ben-Tuvia & Steinitz 1952, as Zenodon erythrodon), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes erythrodon), Eritrea (Botros 1971, as Balistes niger), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1837, as Xenodon niger). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Marquesas and Society islands. Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus (Rüppell 1829) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes flavimarginatus), Sudan (Bamber 1915, as Balistes flavimarginatus), Eritrea (Tortonese 1956), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1829, as Balistes flavimarginatus). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Marshall Islands east to Tuamotu Archipelago. Pseudobalistes fuscus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) Gulf of Suez: Egypt (Botros 1971, as Balistes fuscus). Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Lieske & Myers 2010), Israel (Ben-Tuvia & Steinitz 1952, as Xanthichthys fuscus), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes fuscus), Sudan (Bamber 1915, as Balistes fuscus), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1829, as Balistes caerulescens; Rüppell 1837, as Balistes rivulatus). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago. Rhinecanthus assasi (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) Gulf of Suez: Egypt (Botros 1971, as Balistes assasi). Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Marshall 1952), Israel (Ben-Tuvia & Steinitz 1952, as Rhinecanthus verrucosus), Jordan (Bouchon et al. 1981). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes assasi), Sudan (Bamber 1915, as Balistes assasi), Eritrea (Giglioli 1889, as Balistes assasi), Saudi Arabia (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775, as Balistes assasi; see Fricke 2008). General distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf. Sufflamen albicaudatum (Rüppell 1829) Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt (Lieske & Myers 2010 as Sufflamen albicaudatus), Israel (Tortonese 1968, as Sufflamen albicaudatus), Jordan (Khalaf & Disi 1997, as Sufflamen albicaudatus). Red Sea main basin: Egypt (Klunzinger 1871, as Balistes niger), Saudi Arabia (Debelius 2007), Eritrea (Rüppell 1829, as Balistes albicaudatus). General distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf. Sufflamen fraenatum (Latreille 1804) Red Sea: Egypt (Haroun et al. 2017). Gulf of Suez: ¯ Gulf of Aqaba: ¯ Red Sea main basin: (Randall 2005). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group.

The current checklist provides for each species of the Red Sea its records in the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea main basin and its general distribution.This new checklist of Red Sea fishes enumerates 1207 species, representing 164 families. Of these, 797 species were recorded from the Gulf of Aqaba and 339 from the Gulf of Suez. The number of species from the Gulf of Suez is evidently lower than the actual number not including 27 Lessepsian (Red Sea) migrants to the Mediterranean that most likely occur in the Gulf. The current list includes 73 species that were newly described for science since the last checklist of 2010. The most specious Osteichthyes families are: Gobiidae (134 species), Labridae (66), Apogonidae (59), Serranidae (including Anthiadinae) (44), Blenniidae (42), Carangidae (38), Muraenidae (36), Pomacentridae (35), Syngnathidae (34), Scorpaenidae (24) and Lutjanidae (23). Among the families of Chondrichthyes, the most specious families are the Carcharhinidae (18 species) and Dasyatidae (11). The total number of endemic species in the Red Sea is 174 species, of these, 34 species are endemic to the Gulf of Aqaba and 8 to the Gulf of Suez.

Family Balistidae Rafinesque 1810 †Acanthodermidae Bonaparte 1850b (family) † Acanthoderma Agassiz 1844, Published as part of Laan, Richard Van Der, 2018, Family-group names of fossil fishes, pp. 1-167 in European Journal of Taxonomy 466 on page 83, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.466, http://zenodo.org/record/5557557, {"references":["Bonaparte C. L. 1850 b. Conspectus systematis ichthyologiae Caroli-Luciani Bonaparte, Classis V Pisces, Editio reformata. E. J. Brill, Lugduni Batavorum, 1 folio table."]}

Family †Caproberycidae Patterson 1967 †Caproberycinae Patterson 1967: 88 (subfamily) † Caproberyx Regan 1911 †Alloberycinae Gayet 1982a: 28 (subfamily) † Alloberyx Gaudant 1969 † Stichocentridae Gayet 1982a: 32 (family) † Stichocentrus Patterson 1967 [name only, published after 1960, not available, Art. 13.1.1] † Stichocentridae Gayet 1982b: 99 (family) † Stichocentrus Patterson 1967, Published as part of Laan, Richard Van Der, 2018, Family-group names of fossil fishes, pp. 1-167 in European Journal of Taxonomy 466 on page 74, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.466, http://zenodo.org/record/5557557, {"references":["Patterson C. 1967. New Cretaceous berycoid fishes from the Lebanon. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 14 (3): 67 - 109. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36368748 [accessed 17 Jul. 2018].","Regan C. T. 1911. The anatomy and classification of the teleostean fishes of the orders Berycomorphi and Xenoberyces. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 8) 7 (37): 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692901","Gayet M. 1982 a. Essai de definition des relations phylogenetiques des Holocentroidea nov. et des Trachichthyoidea nov. (Pisces, Acanthopterygii, Beryciformes). Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Section C, Sciences de la Terre, paleontologie, geologie, mineralogie (serie 4) 4 (1 - 2): 21 - 41. Available from http: // bibliotheques. mnhn. fr / EXPLOITATION / infodoc / ged / viewportalpublished. ashx? eid = IFD _ FICJOINT _ BMCTE _ S 004 _ 1982 _ T 004 _ N 001 _ 1 [accessed 16 Sep. 2018].","Gayet M. 1982 b. Etude anatomique et systematique des acanthopterygiens du Senonien de Sahel-Alma (Liban). Palaeontographia Italica 72: 98 - 136."]}

Melichthys indicus Randall & Klausewitz, 1973 Figure 2C We observed 146 individuals at 23 islands (29 sites) in all 6 geographical regions studied. Body dark grey to black, with jet black fins, white bank at bases of dorsal and anal fins and white margin around tail.

The collection of the Museu Oceanográfico D. Carlos I is a historical specimen, instrument, and document collection that has been housed at the Aquário Vasco da Gama since 1935. The collection is largely the result of several scientific campaigns conducted by Dom Carlos de Bragança between 1896 and 1907. Specifically, the ichthyological collection consists of 675 surviving catalogue records of specimens caught, acquired or offered to D. Carlos I between 1892 to 1907, and includes the type specimen for Odontaspisnasutus Bragança, 1904 (junior synonym of Mitsukurinaowstoni Jordan, 1898), along with several specimens of deep sea species. All specimens were captured in coastal Portuguese waters, and were preserved in alcohol, formalin, or mounted.