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An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of Calcium nitrate (0.5 and 1.0%), Zinc sulphate (0.2 and 0.4%) and Boric Acid (0.4 and 0.6%) on the storage behaviour of guava cv. L-49 fruits. Aquous solutions of these nutrients were sprayed on the plants, one month before harvesting during 15th Nov. of 2019 and 2020 and harvested fruits were stored at 10±1 oC temperature. The mean of data for both years clearly revealed that pre-harvest spray of zinc sulphate at 0.4 per cent significantly reduced physiological loss in weight (%), spoilage (%), and acidity (%) and improved T.S.S., total sugars and ascorbic acid contents in guava cv. L-49 fruits under 10±1oC storage during both years.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementation of Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA) and Gracilaria salicornia (GS) in vitro fermentation pattern, total gas and methane production of mixed substrates. Basal substrate comprising of concentrates and wheat straw (50:50) was supplemented with either 0% (control), 1 (KA1), 2 (KA2), 4 (KA4), 6 (KA6), and 8 % (KA8) of Kappaphycus; and, 1 (GS1), 2 (GS2), 4 (GS4), 6 (GS6), and 8 (GS8 ) of Gracilaria, respectively. Asymptote, rate constant of gas production and t-half, concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was not affected up to 2% level KA supplementation, beyond which asymptote, and rate constant of gas production, TVFA, and IVDMD decreased and t-half increased (P1 and KA2, and lower values were observed in by KA4, KA6 and KA8. Methane production (ml/kg DM) declined (P in the substrates. From the results it was concluded that inclusion of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria salicornia at 2 and 1%, respectively in the fermentation substrate can reduce in vitro methane production without any adverse impact on total gas production and in vitro dry matter digestibility.

The productive life of a well can be affected by deterioration of the well integrity which can be due to casing/tubing corrosion, casing damage during drilling/ work over, packer failure, plug failures, cement integrity issues etc. Remedial measures can be executed if the nature of problem is diagnosed. One can receive early warning of a potential problem and obtain data for determining a specific restoration program by running well integrity diagnostic tools. There are various well integrity tools available to cater evaluation needs at present times with different working principles and targeting different well integrity problems such as casing/tubing and cement integrity. However, in challenging situation and complex environments, the tools may not provide complete diagnostics. Production logging can be an effective tool in such scenarios by mapping the flow behaviour in the wellbore and can provide a better idea of the wellbore problems. The well "A" is a development well which was drilled (max angle~ 27º) and completed in the interval X345-X349m and X362-X368m to exploit gas from the reservoir ABC. During initial testing it produced @ 1, 67,000 m3/d with FTHP of 2348psi. Later after acid job rate increased to 2,20,000 m3/d but later well had frequent water loading problem and required frequent activation / stimulation. The well has good reservoir zones as identified on the OH logs, hence, to diagnose the reason for water production, PLT was planned in the well in 2015. The well was producing 1,00,000 m3/d of gas at an FTHP of 1181psi during that time. Annulus pressure build-up was also observed in the well suggesting integrity issue with packer/tubing. During the PL run, it was observed that the packer has fallen and settled across one the perforation and the flow was observed to be ongoing from inside as well as outside the packer element making the flow interpretation tricky. A proper interpretation was carried out taking into consideration all available data and water entry point was confirmed. Based on the results, a well intervention was carried out and after the job, well started producing 1,50,000 m3/d of gas with 0% water cut whereas before it was producing 1,00,000 m3/d of gas with 1900 BPD of water. Thus, the intervention resulted in production enhancement by 50% and reduction in water cut by 100%. This paper highlights the proper analysis of the recorded data for diagnosis of the flow condition in an adverse and complex scenario and finding out the water entry point for a proper remediation of the well integrity and production issue.

Disasters pose a real threat to the lives and property of citizens, therefore, it is necessary to reduce their impact to the minimum possible. In order to achieve this goal, a framework for enhancing the current disaster management system was proposed, called the smart disaster management system. The smart aspect of this system is due to the application of the principles of information and communication technology, especially the Internet of Things. All participants and activities of the proposed system were clarified by preparing a conceptual design by using The Unified Modeling Language diagrams. This effort was made to overcome the lack of citizens’ readiness towards the use of information and communication technology as well as increase their readiness towards disasters. This study aims to develop conceptual design that can facilitate in development of smart management system for flooding disaster. This will assist in the design process of the Internet of Things systems in this regard.

Purpose This paper aims to review the recent advances in processing and utilization of Madhuca longifolia flowers to address its potential as an industrial ingredient. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyzes the harvesting practices of flowers and recent works on the value addition. Findings Mahua flowers are rich source of natural sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, etc.) and hence are deliberately used for liquor production by tribal besides various food products, namely, Mahua ladoo, barfi, kheer, sweet puri and as grain staple. Mahuain medicine has been curing people since ages such as in rakhtpitta, diarrhoea and skin diseases and as aphrodisiac, galactagogue, carminative, antihelmenthic, antibacterial and antioxidant. Mahua candy, cake, ready to serve beverages, toffee, squash, ladoo, bars, etc. have been developed as value-added products. However, such a wonderful nature’s gift remains underused due to post harvest spoilage. Practical implications Improvement in storage facilities and processing of flowers after harvesting and drying will lead to enhanced availability of flowers for industrial purposes for food, feed and fodder. More value-added products can be prepared by the preparation of flower-juice concentrate, as well as efforts are made to produce powder from the flowers. Originality/value Post-harvest spoilage of Mahua flowers due to improper collection and handling practices, and filthy storage conditions is the major limitation of Mahua flowers to be used as a potential industrial ingredient. An improvement in collection, handling and pre-processing practices can diversify its use from liquor production to various value-added and functional food products at an industrial scale.

Agile methodologies are becoming popular in software development. Managers are required to understand project’s progress and product quality without development documents. During Agile practices of the teams and organizations, Agile project management tools are frequently used. The use of such tools leads to achieving speed and efficiency, affects the quality of the software. The quality of final product is mostly related with to project management. Accordingly, the paper provides brief comparative perspective about the popular project management tools for agile projects. 16 popular Agile project management tools have been presented helping agile developers to plan and manage their tasks in an efficient manner. Taiga, Axosoft, Agielan, Planbox are more appropriate for start-up projects. The most twitted and most appreciated tools are reported as Jira, Trello, and VersionOne. SpiraTeam by Inflectra and Pivotal Tracker are other pricing and popular agile tools, providing flexibility to Agile developers and increase collaboration among team members.

A 42-GHz, 200-kW gyrotron was developed and tested for the Indian plasma fusion system. The gyrotron was designed for the TE0,3 operating mode. The configuration of the triode-type magnetron injection gun (MIG) with the linear RF output, undepressed collector, and face-cooled double disk window was adopted in this gyrotron because of the first development experience. The complete tube was developed and processed at Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI), Pilani, India. The RF testing of the gyrotron was performed at the participating institute, Institute of Plasma Research (IPR), Gandhinagar, India. Due to some cooling issues in the collector region, the tube was tested by a resistive capacitor network-based power supply for a very short pulse in place of a long pulse, high voltage power supply. The tube was tested up to the beam voltage of 51 kV and a beam current of 12 A at the cavity magnetic field of 1.61 T for the short pulse of 500 μs. The tube was inserted into the magnet system consisting of a main electromagnet, auxiliary gun coils, and collector magnets. The multi-hole and single hole couplers were used to measure the RF power in the TE0,3 mode and the overall power, respectively. The measured results were also compared with the simulated results and a close agreement of the results was found. The short pulse testing confirms the electrical design and the development approach for the 42-GHz gyrotron tube.

BACKGROUND Iodothyronine deiodinases type 1, 2 and 3 (DIO1, DIO2 and DIO3) are enzymes that activates and deactivate Thyroid Hormones (TH) maintaining their homeostasis at cellular level. Recent studies show a possible role of deiodinases in various cancers. In this manuscript; we used data mining analytical approach and studied the prognostic significance DIO1-3 in Breast Cancer. METHODS Prognostic values of DIO1-3 were predicted using the “Kaplan- Meier Plotter” (KM plotter) database for direct in silico validation in clinical cases of breast cancer patients. After extracting KM survival plots, Relapse Free Survival (RFS) were compared, and Hazard Ratio (HR) and log-rank p-values were calculated. RESULTS There was a significant change in RFS of ER-ve breast cancer patients, with high DIO1 and DIO2 expression. Further, ER+ve breast cancer with hormone therapy high expression of DIO3 results in significantly poor RFS. CONCLUSIONS We found limited potential of prognostic values of DIO1-3 in breast cancer. We conclude that in some subgroups of breast cancer, these findings may be beneficial as a companion diagnostic predicting more accurate breast cancer prognosis.

The 42-GHz gyrotron cavity had three sections in its final design: down-taper section, up-taper section, and uniform middle section. The design of the cavity depends on the RF mode and desired power growth. The finalized design parameters of down-taper and up-taper angles are 2° and 3°, respectively, with respect to the middle section of gyrotron cavity. This cavity consists of these poorly tapered sections at both the ends of midsection. The combination of all three sections results into a complex cavity structure which is complicated and challenging to fabricate. An additional challenge in fabrication is to achieve desired designed parameters. Therefore, design realization through fabrication clearly needs dimensional measurement. The dimensional parameters of cavities such as down-and up-taper angles, uniform section diameter, taper lengths, and surface roughness measurement have their own significance and importance. This paper presents the destructive and the nondestructive methods to measure the dimensional parameters of a complex cavity structure. Further, a computational analysis is also done to represent the comparisons between the design and measured values in terms of ohmic quality factor and efficiency and reported the effects of geometrical changes.

Universal spindle of Finishing Stand in Hot Strip Mill (HSM) plays a vital role in providing product thickness as per customer requirement. In a rolling mill, upper and lower work rolls are connected with single motor by their respective universal spindle. The spindle allows upward and downward movement of work rolls by allowing its shaft to bend up to ~15o angle. This bending is only possible by universal cross positioned at its both ends. One of the cross bearing located at operator side got failed during operation. All the site evidences were carefully noted down and piled up to find out the root cause of the failure. Metallurgical analysis like microstructure, hardness, inclusion rating and chemical analysis were carried to find out material related issue if any. Quality of lubricants used at different pins of cross bearing was also checked by crackle test. Evidences and metallurgical analysis results suggested that the cross bearing failed due to deterioration of lubricant quality during service. Lubricant deteriorated due to water ingress into cross bearing through its polymeric seal which was not properly applied at the time of its assembly.

Aims To evaluate the protective efficacy of Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4 in cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice. Methods and results The previously reported probiotic P. pentosaceus GS4 interaction with Cd was evaluated experimentally. Swiss albino mice were segregated randomly into three different groups containing nine animals each. The binding ability of P. pentosaceus GS4 and Cd was demonstrated by atomic absorption spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis respectively. Cd challenge was attenuated by the P. pentosaceus GS4 treatment and was evaluated by estimating Cd level in liver and faeces, corresponding biomarkers for toxicity in liver and intestines and histopathological analysis with brush border membrane (BBM) integrity. Results showed that P. pentosaceus GS4 bound Cd effectively. Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4 intervention significantly enhanced faecal evacuation of Cd with an effect of reduced tissue deposition. Histologically, Cd-induced gut was found significantly replenished with lactobacilli in addition to reduced hyperplasia, lowered lymphocytes infiltration and enhancement of BBM-based disaccharidases, proving its role in protecting membrane integrity. Conclusions Probiotic P. pentosaceus GS4 efficiently alleviated toxicity from vital organs such as liver and intestine caused by Cd exposure in a murine model. Significance and impact of the study Intervention of P. pentosaceus GS4 alleviated Cd-induced toxicity, and thus it may be employed therapeutically to protect Cd toxicity.

Among all types of lung cancers, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of cancer-associated death. Conventional therapy of NSCLC includes radiation, surgery, and cis-platin therapy. However, other approaches of treatment, including epigenetic therapy, have been proposed (1-4).

Unified Modeling Language (UML) includes various types of diagrams that help to study, analyze, document, design, or develop any software efficiently. Therefore, UML diagrams are of great advantage for researchers, software developers, and academicians. Class diagrams are the most widely used UML diagrams for this purpose. Despite its recognition as a standard modeling language for Object-Oriented software, it is difficult to learn. Although there exist repositories that aids the users with the collection of UML diagrams, there is still much more to explore and develop in this domain. The objective of our research was to develop a tool that can automatically classify the images as UML class diagrams and non-UML class diagrams. Earlier research used Machine Learning techniques for classifying class diagrams. Thus, they are required to identify image features and investigate the impact of these features on the UML class diagrams classification problem. We developed a new approach for automatically classifying class diagrams using the approach of Convolutional Neural Network under the domain of Deep Learning. We have applied the code on Convolutional Neural Networks with and without the Regularization technique. Our tool receives JPEG/PNG/GIF/TIFF images as input and predicts whether it is a UML class diagram image or not. There is no need to tag images of class diagrams as UML class diagrams in our dataset.

Background: Dietary supplementation of methyl donors like vitamins B9, B12, choline and betaine have been reported to reduce oxidative stress not only in sows but can also reduce oxidative stress in offspring through epigenetic modulation of DNA. However, cell proliferation and fetal development and oxidative stress associated with it is not uniform during the whole length of gestation. Hence this experiment was conducted to study the effects of maternal betaine supplementation on growth, plane of nutrition and antioxidant profile of progeny pigs.Methods: Eighteen crossbred (Landrace X Desi) sows were randomly distributed into three groups of six each in an experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD). The sows in control (T0) were fed standard ration to meet their requirements. Supplementary betaine at 3 g/kg DM were provided either during late pregnancy (d 76 onwards till parturition) only or throughout the length of gestation to the sows of groups T1 and T2, respectively. The samples of feed offered, residue and faeces were analyzed for proximate principles following the standard procedures. Blood samples from the progeny piglets were collected and antioxidant status of the piglets assessed by the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) by using standard kits.Result: The serum concentration of SOD was comparable (p greater than 0.05) among the groups, whereas serum concentration of catalase was higher (p less than 0.05) in piglets born to the dam exposed to supplementary beanie during gestation, the best response was observed whilst betaine was supplemented in the maternal diets during the whole length of gestation It was concluded that supplementation of betaine at 3g/kg in the diet of pregnant sows improved the antioxidant capacity of piglets borne to them.

Most of the turbulence models in practice are based on the assumption of a linear relation between Reynolds stresses and mean flow strain rates which generally provides a good approximation in case of attached and fully turbulent flows. However, this is seldom the need in most of the engineering problems; the majority of the engineering problems observe flow separation or flow transition. Recent developments in non-linear turbulence models have proven significant improvement in prediction of separated flow due to better resolution of anisotropy in modeled Reynolds stress. The domain of application of this improved RANS model can be extended to flow transitions as well, where the resolution of anisotropy in Reynolds stress is required. For a validation of such kind, a two-dimensional numerical study has been carried out over NACA 0021 with k-ω SST model with non-linear correction at Re = 120000 for various angles of attack which experiences the formation of a laminar separation bubble (LSB). A correct prediction of LSB requires an accurate resolution of anisotropy in Reynolds stresses. For comparison with other linear models, the simulations are also performed with k-kl-ω (a 3-equation linear transition model), k-ω SST (a 2-equation linear model) and Spalart-Allmaras (a 1-equation model). The performance of these models is assessed through aerodynamic lift, drag, pressure and friction coefficients. It is found that the non-linear k-ω SST and k-kl-ω transition model provide comparable quality of prediction in lift and drag coefficients (in spite of the fact that non-linear k-ω SST involves solving less number of transport equation than the transition model) as observed in the experiments whereas k-ω SST and SA models under predict the drag coefficient value at low angle of attack due to inability to capture the separation induced transition. It is also observed that the location of laminar separation bubble is captured accurately when non-linear or transition model is used as opposed to the SA or linear SST models, which lack in the ability to predict the same.

Climate change risk and environmental degradation are the most critical issues of our society. Our technology-influenced daily lifestyle involves many types of software and apps which are used by society at large, and their use is increasing more than ever before. Sustainability is a significant topic for future professionals and more so for software engineers due to its impact on society. It is crucial to motivate and raise concern among students and faculty members regarding sustainability by including it in the Software Engineering (SE) curriculum. This chapter discusses how sustainability can be included in various courses of the SE curriculum by considering ACM/IEEE curriculum guidelines for the SE curriculum, literature review, and various viewpoints so that SE students can attain knowledge on sustainable software engineering. It also includes an assessment of key competences in sustainability for proposed units in the SE curriculum.

This paper focuses on monitoring of the water level and its data visualisation. It provides real-time data recorded by the data logger.The key feature for measurement of water is its pH level .VFC320 monolithic voltage-to-frequency converter was used to find digital pulses and these frequencies have been multiplexed through frequency division multiplexing, modulated through FM generation, and transmitted through an antenna through an FM transmitter. The transmit frequency has been received by the FM receiver and separated by the frequency division demultiplexer. Samples analysis was done through MATLAB.When the water level goes up the variation on the spectrum shows up and vice versa.To find the water level, the Arduino Uno approach is used and broadcasting is done to get updated information. This study combined a model of simulation and optimization that could be used to help sustainable management-related decision making.

A systematic and comprehensive first law analysis of a cooled gas turbine cycle subjected to vapor compressor inlet air cooling (VC-IAC) has been conducted in our study. Film air cooling technique has been implemented to cool the gas turbine (GT) buckets. The gas turbine is subjected to variation of various operating and ambient parameters and the corresponding effect is analyzed to find out the optimal one. The integration of VC-IAC has been reported to further enhance the plant specific work and plant efficiency of gas turbine cycle, the enhancement being higher in regions having a hot and dry climate. This increase in cycle performance due to VC-IAC has been found superior in case of bucket cooled GT cycle when compared to uncooled one. It has further been witnessed that the plant specific work increases by more than 0.35 % and the plant efficiency increases by little above 0.1 % for every 1° C drop in CIT. The work ratio representing the excess of work of turbine over work of compression has been observed to improve when the ratio of inlet temperatures (rIT) is increased or pressure ratio (rp,c.) is decreased. For every turbine inlet temperature, an optimal rp,c has been reported to exist at which, the plant efficiency is maximized.

This work provides a numerical analysis of the heat affected zone and material removal rate for shape memory alloys (SMAs) through wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). A finite element method computer program was created using MATLAB. SMAs are widely used in many areas like aerospace, biomedical and automobile due to their unique properties, such as superelasticity/pseudoelasticity, shape memory effect, high specific resistance, high abrasion resistance and many other enriched mechanical and physical properties. SMAs machining is an important concept in the field of SMAs applications. However, conventional shape memory alloy machining is extremely difficult. To overcome difficulties during conventional machining, WEDM can be used successfully to machine SMAs. In WEDM, about 70% of the cost of machining is associated with the wire used in machining. A shape memory alloy nickel-titanium alloy has been taken as work material for numerical simulation. The responses heat affected zone and material removal rate curve are plotted with respect to input process parameters pulse on time and discharge current.

A numerical study of laminar flow through symmetric and slightly asymmetric sudden expansion, of expansion ratio 1:3, in channels with increasing cross section, is carried out using two different approaches - Conventional CFD and Lattice Boltzmann Method. The effect of divergence of walls of the channel, after a sudden expansion, on the symmetry of flow and recirculation is studied for various Reynolds numbers. It is seen that the angles of the walls play an active role in disrupting the symmetry of flow. For non-parallel walls, the symmetry breaking bifurcation phenomenon no longer exists and the loss of symmetry is a gradual process. The effect of asymmetry of geometry on flow is also studied by considering two types of asymmetry - First type is at the plane of expansion where the steps on either side are of unequal heights, while the second one deals the walls of the channel are at a different inclination with the direction of inflow. The present study reveals that small asymmetry impedes the sharp transition and thus smoothens the pitchfork bifurcation. Increased asymmetry finally leads to the unique solution of the governing Equations, indicating complete loss of bifurcation pattern.

In this article we describe, a numerical simulation has been performed for a channel flow with sudden expansion. Different geometric expansion ratios are considered in the current study such as 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The bifurcation phenomenon has been investigated for the baseline case and the critical Reynolds number is controlled using a passive modification in the channel. The geometry of sudden expansion channel is modified by introducing a two-dimensional plate along the center line of the channel at the expansion plane. This is one of the passive control techniques, which has been explored in the present study. The computations indicate that the critical Reynolds number of the symmetry-breaking bifurcation increases as the length of the plate increases. An empirical relation has been developed amongst the critical Reynolds number, length of control plates and expansion ratio (h/H). The critical Reynolds number predicted by the empirical relation for different plate lengths are in good agreement with computational results.

Purpose: In this study, the required dose rates for optimal treatment of tumoral tissues when using proton therapy in the treatment of defective tumours seen in mandibles has been calculated. We aimed to protect the surrounding soft and hard tissues from unnecessary radiation as well as to prevent complications of radiation. Bragg curves of therapeutic energized protons for two different mandible (molar and premolar) plate phantoms were computed and compared with similar calculations in the literature. The results were found to be within acceptable deviation values. Methods: In this study, mandibular tooth plate phantoms were modelled for the molar and premolar areas and then a Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate the Bragg curve, lateral straggle/range and recoil values of protons remaining in the therapeutic energy ranges. The mass and atomic densities of all the jawbone layers were selected and the effect of layer type and thickness on the Bragg curve, lateral straggle/range and the recoil were investigated. As protons move through different layers of density, lateral straggle and increases in the range were observed. A range of energies was used for the treatment of tumours at different depths in the mandible phantom. Results: Simulations revealed that as the cortical bone thickness increased, Bragg peak position decreased between 0.47–3.3%. An increase in the number of layers results in a decrease in the Bragg peak position. Finally, as the proton energy increased, the amplitude of the second peak and its effect on Bragg peak position decreased. Conclusion: These findings should guide the selection of appropriate energy levels in the treatment of tumour structures without damaging surrounding tissues.

This paper proposes a novel data classification framework, combining sparse auto-encoders (SAEs) and a post-processing system consisting of a linear system model relying on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. All the sensitive and high-level features are extracted by using the first auto-encoder which is wired to the second auto-encoder, followed by a Softmax function layer to classify the extracted features obtained from the second layer. The two auto-encoders and the Softmax classifier are stacked in order to be trained in a supervised approach using the well-known backpropagation algorithm to enhance the performance of the neural network. Afterwards, the linear model transforms the calculated output of the deep stacked sparse auto-encoder to a value close to the anticipated output. This simple transformation increases the overall data classification performance of the stacked sparse auto-encoder architecture. The PSO algorithm allows the estimation of the parameters of the linear model in a metaheuristic policy. The proposed framework is validated by using three public datasets, which present promising results when compared with the current literature. Furthermore, the framework can be applied to any data classification problem by considering minor updates such as altering some parameters including input features, hidden neurons and output classes.

OpenMP 5.0 introduces many new directives to meet the demand of emerging high performance computing systems. Among these new directives, the metadirective and declare variant directives are important to control the execution behavior of a given application by compile-time adaptation based on the OpenMP context. The metadirective directive allows the selection of OpenMP directives based on the enclosing OpenMP context as well as on user-defined conditions. The declare variant directive declares a specialized variant of a base function and specifies the context in which that specialized variant is used. Support for these directives are available in few compilers with some limitations. Support for metadirective is not available in Clang. This paper presents our implementation of the metadirective directive in Clang. In this paper, we present an implementation which supports the OpenMP 5.0 metadirective specification. However, in addition, this work also implements a dynamic extension to the user-specified conditions. A dynamic evaluation of user-defined conditions provides programmers more freedom to express a range of adaptive algorithms that improve overall performance of a given application. For example, a program can estimate the cost of execution, with respect to time taken or energy consumption, of a kernel based on some dynamic or static variables and decide whether or not to offload the kernel to GPU using the metadirective. Since there is a significant lack of knowledge about the usage and performance analysis of metadirective, the work also studies its impact on application characteristics. To achieve this, we have modified several benchmark codes in the Rodinia benchmark suite. The Rodinia benchmark includes applications and kernels which target multi-core CPU and GPU platforms which helps programmers study the emerging computing platforms. Our modification to the Rodinia benchmarks enables the application developer to study the behavior of metadirective. Our analysis reveal that the main advantage of the dynamic implementation of metadirective is that it adds minimal to no overhead to the user application, in addition to allowing flexibility to the programmers to introduce portability and adaptability to their code. Our modification of the Rodinia benchmark suite provides several guidelines for programmers to achieve better performance with metadirective.

This paper presents the 3D design simulation of MIG for 42GHz, 100kW second harmonic Gyrotron operating at TE 0.3 mode. Initially, the analytical design approach was opted using design trade-off equations and then the 3D simulation has been performed by using CST Particle Studio. The beam parameters, velocity ratio, and velocity spread was obtained 1.35, 3.3% respectively.

(1) Background: Presently, sustainability is a crucial issue for human beings due to many disasters owing to climate change. Information Technology (IT) is now part of everyday life in society due to the proliferation of gadgets such as mobile phones, apps, computers, information systems, web-based systems, etc. (2) Methods: The analysis is based on recent ACM/IEEE curriculum guidelines for IT, a rigorous literature review as well as various viewpoints and their relevance for sustainability-oriented curriculum development, it also includes an assessment of key competencies in sustainability for proposed units in the IT curriculum. (3) Results: Sustainability is a critical subject for prospective IT professionals. Therefore, it is imperative to motivate and raise awareness among students and the faculty community regarding sustainability through its inclusion in the Informatics curriculum. This paper focuses on how sustainability can be included in various courses of the Informatics curriculum. It also considers recent ACM/IEEE curriculum guidelines for IT professionals, which assert that IT students should explore IT strategies required for developing a culture of green and sustainable IT. (4) Conclusions: This paper provides guidelines for IT curriculum development by incorporating sustainable elements in courses, so that future IT professionals can learn and practice sustainability in order to develop a sustainable society.

A triode type MIG design for 140GHz, 1MW gyrotron operating at TE 28,8 mode is presented. The initial design inputs are obtained computationally with basic design equations. After that, the design simulation of MIG has been carried out by using the EGUN code. The optimized simulation results predict that a good quality of electron beam is generated with a low velocity spread 2.75% at the velocity ratio (α) = 1.32.

There has been a strong growth in aquatic products supported by the global seafood industry. Consumers demand information transparency to support informed decisions and to verify nutrition, food safety, and sustainable operations. Supporting these needs rests on the existence of interoperable Internet of Things (IoT) platforms for traceability that goes beyond the minimum &ldquo, one up, one down&rdquo, scheme required by regulators. Seafood farmers, being the source of both food and food-information, are critical to achieving the needed transparency. Traditionally, seafood farmers carry the costs of providing information, while downstream actors reap the benefits, causing limited provision of information. Now, global standards for labelling, data from IoT devices, and the reciprocity of utility from collecting data while sharing them represent great potential for farmers to generate value from traceability systems. To enable this, farmers need an IoT platform integrated with other IoT platforms in the value network. This paper presents a case study of an enterprise-level IoT platform for seafood farmers that satisfies consumers&rsquo, end-to-end traceability needs while extracting data from requests for information from downstream actors.

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) as a reverse supply chain (RSC) has a low degree of circularity, mainly focusing on recovering or recycling. Targets to increase the circularity have recently been introduced in the EU WEEE directive. In this case study, we have investigated how WEEE is handled within an electric and electronic (EE) equipment manufacturer. The case study includes findings from two different Nordic countries, Norway and Denmark, with interviews of six stakeholders. The case study shows that there are significant differences in how the case company fulfills its extended producer responsibility (EPR), especially related to reporting. The study also found that there is a mismatch between the ambitions in the WEEE directive and a company&rsquo, s approach related to circularity in the end-of-life phase of an EE product. Based on the results of this case study and from the literature we propose recommendations on alignment with other directives and on a common information regime within the WEEE RSC.

With the growth of online information and sudden expansion in the number of electronic documents provided on websites and in electronic libraries, there is difficulty in categorizing text documents. Therefore, a rule-based approach is a solution to this problem, the purpose of this study is to classify documents by using a rule-based. This paper deals with the rule-based approach with the embedding technique for a document to vector (doc2vec) files. An experiment was performed on two data sets Reuters-21578 and the 20 Newsgroups to classify the top ten categories of these data sets by using a document to vector rule-based (D2vecRule). Finally, this method provided us a good classification result according to the F-measures and implementation time metrics. In conclusion, it was observed that our algorithm document to vector rule-based (D2vecRule) was good when compared with other algorithms such as JRip, One R, and ZeroR applied to the same Reuters-21578 dataset.

Aims Probiotics and their metabolites (SCFA) can regulate energy homeostasis. The present study thus evaluates the synergistic effect of probiotic Enterococcus faecalis AG5 on HFD induced obesity and the role of propionic acid (PA) in apoptosis induction of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte. Methods Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were used to develop an HFD induced obesity model for 24 weeks. The effect of the orally administered probiotic AG5 (18th–24th weeks, 1 × 109 CFU/ml) was evaluated using physiological, biochemical, anthropometry, histopathological and serological analyses. Apoptosis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte was assessed using flow cytometry, protein expression of PPARγ, 5-LOX, NF-κB, p-AKT, caspase 10 and detection of caspase 3/7 by Immunofluorescence confirmed the apoptosis induced by PA. Key findings Probiotic AG5 significantly reduced body weight, BMI, serum cholesterol, triglycerides (p 0.05). An inflammatory response was reduced as evident by TNF-α IHC. AG5 reduced adipocyte hypertrophy and fatty acid accumulation. Flow cytometry confirmed late apoptosis in PA-AG5 and standard PA treated 3T3-L1 cells. 5-LOX inhibition is associated with apoptosis induction, and increased caspase 1p 10 is related to cell death initiation. The study initially showed a low PPARγ activity inhibiting 5-LOX which may relate to adipose apoptosis. Finally caspase 3/7 detection using immunofluorescence proved the role of PA in adipocyte apoptosis. Significance The present study is a novel approach towards obesity mitigation involving adipocyte apoptosis. The role of SCFA in adipocyte apoptosis is very limited which can prove to be novel therapeutic approach in the future.

Food by-products and wastes generate various environmental and health issues. However, the extraction of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds can be a sustainable and lucrative alternative. Fruit and vegetable wastes (FVWs) account for several million tonnes around the globe whilst FVWs are a potential source to many phytochemicals, notably carotenoids, phenolics, vitamins, enzymes, and essential oils. Intriguingly, phytochemical content in by-products sometimes exceeds the main edible parts. Phytochemicals positively influence human health whether consumed as a food component or as nutraceuticals. Numerous techniques are being tapped ranging from conventional to novel approaches. Recently, the focus on sustainable extraction techniques has been increased. The sustainable approach involves innovations in existing techniques, process intensification by combining methods, and search for alternative and green solvents. These approaches are based on greener concepts of extractions. However, their commercialization depends on various factors, viz. selectivity, nature of food matrix, extraction efficiency, operation costs, and time required. The phytochemical extracts from FVWs are of great economic interest for health and food industry. Besides, valorization of such waste may strengthen the local economy and help mitigate environmental issues.

In the high performance computing sector, researchers and application developers expend considerable effort to port their applications to GPU-based clusters in order to take advantage of the massive parallelism and energy efficiency of a GPU. Unfortunately porting or writing an application for accelerators, such as GPUs, requires extensive knowledge of the underlying architectures, the application/algorithm and the interfacing programming model, such as CUDA, HIP or OpenMP. Compared to native GPU programming models, OpenMP has a shorter learning curve, is portable and potentially also performance portable. To reduce the developer effort, OpenMP provides implicit data transfer between CPU and GPU. OpenMP users may control the duration of a data object’s allocation on the GPU via the use of target data regions, but they do not need to. Unfortunately, unless data mappings are explicitly provided by the user, compilers like Clang move all data accessed by a kernel to the GPU without considering its prior availability on the device. As a result, applications may spend a significant portion of their execution time on data transfer. Yet exploiting data reuse opportunities in an application has the potential to significantly reduce the overall execution time. In this paper we present a source-to-source tool that automatically identifies data in an OpenMP program which do not need to be transferred between CPU and GPU. The tool capitalizes on any data reuse opportunities to insert the pertinent, optimized OpenMP target data directives. Our experimental results show considerable reduction in the overall execution time of a set of micro-benchmarks and some benchmark applications from the Rodinia benchmark suite. To the best of our knowledge, no other tool optimizes OpenMP data mappings by identifying and exploiting data reuse opportunities between kernels.

The aim of the UniProt Knowledgebase is to provide users with a comprehensive, high-quality and freely accessible set of protein sequences annotated with functional information. In this article, we describe significant updates that we have made over the last two years to the resource. The number of sequences in UniProtKB has risen to approximately 190 million, despite continued work to reduce sequence redundancy at the proteome level. We have adopted new methods of assessing proteome completeness and quality. We continue to extract detailed annotations from the literature to add to reviewed entries and supplement these in unreviewed entries with annotations provided by automated systems such as the newly implemented Association-Rule-Based Annotator (ARBA). We have developed a credit-based publication submission interface to allow the community to contribute publications and annotations to UniProt entries. We describe how UniProtKB responded to the COVID-19 pandemic through expert curation of relevant entries that were rapidly made available to the research community through a dedicated portal. UniProt resources are available under a CC-BY (4.0) license via the web at https://www.uniprot.org/.

In the past 15 years, China's e-commerce industry has grown tremendously and become the world's largest e-commerce market. This chapter studies some popular e-commerce companies of China, including Alibaba, JD, and Pindoudou. Specifically, the customer engagement strategies of these companies are described and analyzed. This chapter helps readers understand how various customer engagement strategies of China's e-commerce companies have facilitated the change of their consumers' shopping habits—switching from offline shopping centers to online marketplaces and from cash-based payment to credit-based payment. The success of these customer engagement strategies has contributed to the performance improvement of e-commerce companies and could ultimately assist China to transfer from a production economy to a consumption economy. Moreover, these customer engagement strategies developed in China might also be applied to other e-businesses or marketplaces of different regions, especially developing countries that have a similar economy structure as China.