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This study aimed to evaluate health-related physical fitness in male and female undergraduate students of Physical Education and Sports. Two hundred and fifty-seven 257 volunteer students aged 17 to 26 years (132 females and 125 males) underwent an antrhopometric assessment and motor fitness tests including sit-and-reach test (SRT), a modified abdominal fitness test (ABDT), and 12-minute run-walk test (12MRW). The results showed significant gender differences (p

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a hypertrophy-type resistance training protocol on phase angle, an indicator of cellular integrity, in young adult men and women. 28 men (22.2±4.3 years, 67.8±9.0 kg and 174.2±6.8 cm) and 31 women (23.2±4.1 years, 58.7±12.1 kg and 162.7±6.4 cm) underwent a progressive RT for 16 weeks (2 phases, 8 weeks each), 3 times per week, consisting of 10 to 12 whole body exercises with 3 sets of 8–12 repetitions maximum. Phase angle, resistance, reactance and total body water (intra and extracellular water compartments) were assessed by bioimpedance spectroscopy (Xitron 4200 Bioimpedance Spectrum Analyzer). Total body water, intracellular water and phase angle increased significantly (P 0.05). Bioimpedance resistance decreased (P

Phase angle (PhA) is an angular-derived bioelectrical impedance parameter based on resistance and reactance that has been widely used in different populations as an objective indicator of cellular health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of resistance training (RT) on PhA in older women. Forty-one older women (67.2 ± 4.5 years, 64.0 ± 12.3 kg, 154.7 ± 5.2 cm, and 26.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a training group (TG, n = 19) that underwent progressive RT for 12 weeks (eight exercises, three sets of 10–15 repetitions maximum, three times per week) or a control group (CG, n = 22) that did not perform any type of exercise during the intervention period. Resistance, reactance, PhA, total body water (TBW), intracellular (ICW) and extracellular (ECW) water were assessed by spectral bioelectrical impedance. There was a significant group by time interaction (P

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of resistance training on inflammatory levels, lipid and glycemic profile in obese older women. Thirty-eight obese older women (68.2±4.2years, and 41.0±6.2% of body fat) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: A training group (TG, n=19) that performed 8weeks of RT; or a control group (CG, n=19) that did not perform any type of exercise. The RT program consisted of 8 whole-body exercises for 3 sets of 10-15 repetition maximum (RM) carried out 3 times a week. Anthropometric, body composition (DXA), muscular strength (1RM), and blood sample measurements were performed pre- and post-training. After the intervention period, the TG demonstrated significantly (P

Background: It has been hypothesized that the ability to increase volume load (VL) via a progressive increase in the magnitude of load for a given exercise within a given repetition range could enhance the adaptive response to resistance training. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare changes in volume load (VL) over eight weeks of resistance training (RT) in high-versus low-load protocols. Materials and Methods: Eighteen well-trained men were matched according to baseline strength were randomly assigned to either a low-load RT (LOW, n = 9) where 25 - 35 repetitions were performed per exercise, or a high-load RT (HIGH, n = 9) where 8 - 12 repetitions were performed per exercise. Both groups performed three sets of seven exercises for all major muscles three times per week on non-consecutive days. Results: After adjusting for the pre-test scores, there was a significant difference between the two intervention groups on post-intervention total VL with a very large effect size (F (1, 15) = 16.598, P = .001, ηp2 = .525). There was a significant relationship between pre-intervention and post-intervention total VL (F (1, 15) = 32.048, P < .0001, ηp2 = .681) in which the pre-test scores explained 68% of the variance in the post-test scores. Conclusions: This study indicates that low-load RT results in greater accumulations in VL compared to high-load RT over the course of 8 weeks of training.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a progressive resistance training (RT) program on C-reactive protein (CRP), blood glucose (GLU), and lipid profile in older women with differing levels of RT experience. Sixty-five older women (68.9 ± 6.1 years, 67.1 ± 13.1 kg) were separated according to RT experience: an advanced group composed by 35 participants who previously carried out 24 weeks of RT and a novice group composed by 30 participants without previous experience in RT (n = 30). Both groups performed a RT program comprised of eight exercises targeting all the major muscles. Training was carried out 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), GLU, and CRP concentrations were determined pre- and post- intervention after 12 h fasting. A significant group by time interaction (P

Nelson H Carneiro,1,2 Alex S Ribeiro,1 Matheus A Nascimento,1 Luís A Gobbo,3 Brad J Schoenfeld,4 Abdallah Achour Júnior,1 Sebastião Gobbi,5 Arli R Oliveira,1 Edilson S Cyrino1 1Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise, Physical Education Department, Londrina State University, Londrina, 2Physical Education Department, Oeste Paulista University, Presidente Prudente, 3Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia/Departamento de Educação Física, Presidente Prudente, Brazil; 4Exercise Science Department, The City University of New York Lehman College, Bronx, New York, USA; 5Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Institudo de Biociências/Departamento de Educação Física, Laboratory of Aging and Physical Activity (LAFE), RioCarlo, São Paulo,Brazil Objective: The main purpose of the investigation reported here was to analyze the effect of resistance training (RT) performed at different weekly frequencies on flexibility in older women.Participants and methods: Fifty-three older women (≥60 years old) were randomly assigned to perform RT either two (n=28; group “G2x”), or three (n=25; group “G3x”) times per week. The RT program comprised eight exercises in which the participants performed one set of 10–15 repetitions maximum for a period of 12 weeks. Anthropometric, body-composition, and flexibility measurements were made at baseline and post-study. The flexibility measurements were obtained by a fleximeter.Results: A significant group-by-time interaction (P

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hypertrophy-type resistance training (RT) on upper limb fatigue resistance in young adult men and women. Fifty-eight men (22.7±3.7 years, 70.6±9.3 kg, and 176.8±6.4 cm) and 65 women (21.6±3.7 years, 58.8±11.9 kg, and 162.6±6.2 cm) underwent RT for 16 weeks. Training consisted of 10-12 whole body exercises with 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum performed 3 times per week. Before and after the RT intervention participants were submitted to 1RM testing, as well as a fatigue protocol consisting of 4 sets at 80% 1RM on bench press (BP) and arm curl (AC). The sum of the number of repetitions accomplished in the 4 sets in each exercise was used to indicate fatigue resistance. There was a significant (p

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n1p118 The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of two different weekly resistance training (RT) frequencies on muscle strength and blood pressure (BP) in normotensive older women. Thirty normotensive and physically independent older women participated in the study, which were divided into two groups: RT performed in two weekly sessions (G2X, n = 17; 67.6 ± 4.6 years; 69.7 ± 13.4 kg; 156.6 ± 5.8 cm) and three weekly sessions (G3X; n = 13; 68.7 ± 5.0 years; 69.8 ± 16.1 kg, 155.2 ± 7.8 cm). The RT program was composed by eight exercises for different muscle groups (upper limbs, trunk and lower limbs), lasting 24 weeks (two phases of 12 weeks each). In the first phase, exercises were performed in one set of 10-15 maximum repetitions per exercise, while in the second phase, two sets were performed. BP and muscle strength (1RM) measures were performed at pre-training and after 12 and 24 weeks of RT. Increases in total muscle strength (P < 0.05) were observed in both groups (G2X = 16.8% and G3X = 18.9%), with no difference between groups. On the other hand, no significant changes (P > 0.05) in systolic BP and diastolic BP were found in both groups. The results suggest that 24 weeks of a supervised RT program improve muscle strength without affecting BP in normotensive older women, regardless of frequency of two or three weekly sessions.

Warm-up has been shown to mediate numerous acute physiological alterations that have been purported to confer beneficial effects on performance. This study investigated the acute effects of different warm-up procedures on resistance training performance. Employing a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design, 15 men performed 3 exercises (4 sets of bench press, squat, and arm curl at 80% of 1RM) to failure in 4 conditions (control, specific, aerobic, and combined). Outcome measures included the sum of repetitions and a fatigue index measuring the decline between sets. There was no significant difference for the sum of repetitions or for fatigue index among conditions for the 3 exercises. Performance in the resistance training exercises was not influenced by warm-up.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the specific training load during a resistance training (RT) programme designed to increase muscular hypertrophy in men and women. Thirty-four women (22.7 ± 4.1 years, 58.8 ± 11.9 kg, 162.6 ± 6.2 cm and 22.1 ± 3.6 kg.m(-2)) and 30 men (22.7 ± 4.4 years, 68.4 ± 9.0 kg, 174.5 ± 6.6 cm and 22.5 ± 2.4 kg.m(-2)) underwent a supervised RT programme that was divided into two phases of 8 weeks each. Training consisted of 10-12 exercises performed with three sets of 8-12 repetitions at repetition maximum resistances performed 3 times per week on nonconsecutive days. There was a significant (P0.05) main effect for gender by time interaction for average training load of all the exercises performed in the first 8 weeks of RT with women showing a higher relative increase than men (+43.6% vs. +32.5%, respectively). This result was not observed during the second 8-week phase of the RT programme during which no significant gender by time interaction (P0.05) was shown with both genders having a similar relative increase (+28.7% vs. +24.3%, respectively). Women had a higher increase than men in specific average training load of the upper limb exercises during both the first 8 weeks of training (+30.2% vs. +26.6%, respectively) and the second 8 weeks of training (+31.1% vs. +25.3%, respectively). We conclude that the adaptation in specific training load is influenced by gender.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influencia de diferentes ordens de execucao de exercicios com pesos sobre o volume total de treino. Dez homens (27,0±5,2 anos; 68,0±7,9 kg; 175,0±7,0 cm; 22,0±2,3 kg/m 2 ) realizaram duas sessoes experimentais: sequencia A (SEQA - iniciada com exercicios para os grandes grupos musculares) e sequencia B (SEQB - iniciada com exercicio para os pequenos grupos musculares). Na SEQA, os exercicios foram executados na seguinte ordem: supino reto, puxada atras, desenvolvimento, triceps no pulley , rosca direta, cadeira extensora, mesa flexora e panturrilha no leg press. Na SEQB adotou-se a ordem: rosca direta, triceps no pulley , desenvolvimento, puxada atras, supino reto, panturrilha no leg press , mesa flexora e cadeira extensora. As cargas de treino foram ajustadas previamente, de acordo com a posicao do exercicio dentro de cada sequencia. O volume total da sessao de treino foi semelhante entre as sessoes (SEQA= 82050 ± 6258 kg e SEQB= 85466 ± 9614 kg; P >0,05). Diferencas significantes foram identificadas no volume total entre as sequencias nos exercicios supino reto (SEQA > SEQB; P pulley (SEQB > SEQA; P

OBJETIVO: Analisar a validade de métodos para avaliação de gordura corporal em crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODOS: A busca foi realizada por dois pesquisadores independentes, nas bases eletrônicas MEDLINE, BioMed Central, SciELO e LILACS. Como critérios de inclusão, os artigos deveriam ser escritos nas línguas inglesa ou portuguesa, ter utilizado como medida critério modelos multicompartimentais, com medida de gordura corporal em crianças e adolescentes não atletas. RESULTADOS: A busca preliminar resultou em 832 artigos, e após todas as etapas de seleção 12 compuseram esta revisão. Os trabalhos selecionados foram publicados entre 1997 e 2010, com amostras formadas por crianças e adolescentes com níveis de gordura corporal relativa de 20,7-41,4%. Os métodos utilizados foram: absortometria radiológica de dupla energia (58,3%), diluição de isótopos (41,6%), espessura de dobras cutânea (33,3%), pesagem hidrostática (25%), impedância bioelétrica (25%), pletismografia por deslocamento de ar (16,6%) e condutividade elétrica corporal total (8,3%). CONCLUSÃO: A partir da análise dos estudos, concluímos que os métodos diluição de isótopos e pletismografia por deslocamento de ar foram os que se apresentaram mais confiáveis, apesar do número reduzido de investigações. Já para a utilização clínica e em estudos populacionais, a equação de Slaughter et al., que utiliza a espessura das dobras cutâneas tricipital e subescapular, foi a que apresentou melhores resultados para avaliação da gordura corporal nessa população. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the validity of methods to assess body fat in children and adolescents using a systematic review. METHODS: The search was conducted by two independent researchers using the MEDLINE, BioMed Central, SciELO and LILACS electronic databases. For inclusion, the articles should be written in English or Portuguese, andmust have usedmulti-compartment models as the criterion measure of the model, with body fat measurement of whole body in non-athlete children and adolescents. RESULTS: A preliminary search resulted in 832 studies. After all selection steps were performed, 12 articles were included. The selected studies were published between 1997 and 2010, whose samples consisted of children and adolescents with levels of relative body fat ranging from 20.7% to 41.4%. The methods used were: dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (58.3%), isotope dilution (41.6%), skinfold thickness (33.3%), hydrostatic weighing (25%), bioelectrical impedance analysis (25%), air displacement plethysmography (16.6%), and total body electrical conductivity (8.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the analysis of the studies, isotope dilution and air displacement plethysmography methodswere the most reliable, despite the limited number of studies. As for clinical use or for population-based studies, the equation of Slaughter et al. (1998), wich uses the triceps and subscapular skinfolds thickness, showed the best results for assessment of body fat in this population.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o desempenho motor de homens e mulheres em diferentes intervalos de recuperacao em series multiplas a 70% de 1-RM. Quatorze individuos, sete homens (21,5 ± 0,6 anos; 76,2 ± 2,5 kg; 176,4 ± 6,4 cm) e sete mulheres (19,6 ± 0,7 anos; 66,3 ± 2,1 kg; 163,1 ± 6,7 cm) executaram tres series a 70% de 1-RM no exercicio supino em banco horizontal e extensao de perna, com intervalos de 60 e 90 s entre as series . ANOVA fatorial identificou interacao significante serie vs. intervalo ( F = 17,56; P < 0,001) e o efeito principal do exercicio ( F = 7,04; P < 0,021), sem diferencas entre os sexos ( F = 0,17; P = 0,691). Os resultados sugerem que a queda de desempenho motor induzida por series multiplas a 70% de 1-RM e semelhante em homens e mulheres, independente dos intervalos de recuperacao adotados entre as series.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) followed by a similar detraining period on the modulation of oxidative stress (OS) in obese older women. Fourteen obese women (age: 68.7 ± 4.8 years, body mass: 71.3 ± 14.8 kg, height: 156.3 ± 7.2 cm, body fat: 44.3 ± 4.4%) were submitted to 12 weeks of a RT program followed by a similar detraining period. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) were used as oxidative stress indicators. AOPP was not changed by RT or detraining (P = 0.31). Furthermore, TRAP was increased with RT (+ 15.1%; P < 0.001) and remained high even after 12 weeks of detraining (10.5%; P < 0.001). The results suggest that OS can be improved by RT and the 12-week detraining period does not seem to be enough to reverse adaptations induced by RT in obese older women. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a efetividade do treinamento com pesos (TP), seguido por um período semelhante de destreinamento, sobre a modulação do estresse oxidativo (EO) em mulheres idosas obesas. Quatorze mulheres (idade: 68,7 ± 4,8 anos; massa corporal: 71,3 ± 14,8 kg; estatura: 156,3 ± 7,2 cm; gordura corporal: 44,3 ± 4,4%) obesas (gordura corporal relativa ≥ 30%) foram submetidas a 12 semanas de um programa de TP seguido por igual período de destreinamento. Os produtos de proteínas de oxidação avançada (AOPP) e a capacidade antioxidante total plasmática (TRAP) foram utilizados como indicadores de estresse oxidativo. A AOPP não foi alterada pelo TP ou pelo destreinamento (P = 0,31). Por outro lado, a TRAP foi aumentada com o TP (+15,1%; P < 0,001) e se manteve elevada mesmo após 12 semanas de destreinamento (+10,5%; P < 0,001). Os resultados sugerem que o EO pode ser melhorado pelo TP e o período de 12 semanas de destreinamento não parece ser suficiente para desfazer as adaptações induzidas pelo TP em mulheres idosas obesas.

ObjectiveTo analyze the validity of methods to assess body fat in children and adolescents using a systematic review.MethodsThe search was performed by two independent researchers using the MEDLINE, BioMed Central, SciELO, and LILACS electronic databases. For inclusion, the articles should have been written in English or Portuguese, and must have used multi-compartment models as the criterion measure of the model, with body fat measurement of the whole body in non-athlete children and adolescents.ResultsA preliminary search resulted in 832 studies. After all selection steps were performed, 12 articles were included. The selected studies were published between 1997 and 2010, whose samples consisted of children and adolescents with levels of relative body fat ranging from 20.7% to 41.4%. The methods used were: dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (58.3%), isotope dilution (41.6%), skinfold thickness (33.3%), hydrostatic weighing (25%), bioelectrical impedance analysis (25%), air displacement plethysmography (16.6%), and total body electrical conductivity (8.3%).ConclusionsBased on the analysis of the studies, isotope dilution and air displacement plethysmography methods were the most reliable, despite the limited number of studies. As for clinical use or for population-based studies, the equation of Slaughter et al. (1988), which uses the triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, showed the best results for assessment of body fat in this population.

This study compared variation in size, function and sport-specific technical skills of youth soccer players associated with differences in biological maturity status. 60 male soccer players of under-14 (U14) and under-17 (U17) categories were submitted to anthropometric and body composition measurements as well as motor and soccer-specific technical skill tests. Skeletal maturity was determined by skeletal age. Athletes of both categories were classified as early, on-time or late-maturing, according to the difference between chronological age and skeletal age. Body mass and height were lower in the late athletes, independent of category (P0.01). Differences in adiposity were found only between athletes of the U14 (lateearly, P0.05). Statistically significant differences were identified on aerobic endurance in U14 (earlyon time, P0.01), upper limbs muscular strength (lateearly, P0.01) and flexibility in U17 (lateon time, P0.05). Players in each age group of contrasting maturity status do not differ in soccer-specific skills. The results suggest that the maturational development influences body mass, height, body fat, flexibility, muscular strength of upper limbs and cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas the specific technical skills and other functional capabilities do not seem to be affected.