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Este trabajo presenta bajo la metodología de investigación acción en educación, la pedagogía Quimbondu: unidad de un pueblo, una propuesta que se proyectó fundamentar el diseño y la implementación de la CEA Cátedra de Estudios Afrocolombianos, en la institución Educativa de carácter Oficial, José María Carbonell, de la ciudad de Bogotá a partir del año 2018. Contiene un análisis y un compilado de experiencias, orientadas a recorrer el camino del autoreconocimiento y de afianciamiento cultural de niños mestizos y afrocolombianos, y se propuso reconfigurar la escuela como espacio donde se implementan estrategias que visibilizan, el estado actual de discusiones en torno al racismo y diversas discriminaciones y segregaciones. Cumpliendo con el propósito de desracializar el lenguaje, cambiamos el manejo de los conceptos de un estatus de victimización de la comunidad afro por un empoderamiento de la infancia, a la sombra de autores como Aimé Césaire, Stuart Hall, Frantz Fanon, Léopold Sédar Senghor, como referentes teóricos sobre identidad, y a Stuart Hall, Jaime Arocha, Nelson Maldonado Torres, Adolfo Albán Achinte, Juan García Salazar, Jhon Elliot, Adela Cortina, en cuanto a referentes metodológicos. Se pretendió aportar en el cómo cerrar la brecha existente, que permita que los afrodescendientes colombianos disfruten de igualdad de derechos; para que a corto plazo se mejore la calidad en las relaciones interpersonales y de convivencia en la escuela y para que, a largo plazo, los sujetos puedan considerar una alternativa de acción incluyente, ante un acto de discriminación y segregación. This work presents the Quimbondu pedagogy: unity of a people under the action research methodology in education, a proposal that was intended to base the design and implementation of the CEA Chair of Afro-Colombian Studies, at the Official Educational Institution, José María Carbonell, from the city of Bogotá as of the year 2018. It contains an analysis and a compilation of experiences, aimed at traveling the path of self-recognition and cultural consolidation of mestizo and Afro-Colombian children, and it was proposed to reconfigure the school as a space where they are implemented strategies that make visible, the current state of discussions around racism and various discriminations and segregations. Fulfilling the purpose of deracializing language, we changed the handling of the concepts of a victimization status of the Afro community for an empowerment of childhood, in the shadow of authors such as Aimé Césaire, Stuart Hall, Frantz Fanon, Léopold Sédar Senghor, as theoretical references on identity, and Stuart Hall, Jaime Arocha, Nelson Maldonado Torres, Adolfo Albán Achinte, Juan García Salazar, Jhon Elliot, Adela Cortina regarding methodological references. It was intended to contribute in how to close the existing gap, which allows Colombian Afro-descendants to enjoy equal rights; so that in the short term the quality of interpersonal relationships and coexistence at school is improved and so that, in the long term, subjects can consider an inclusive action alternative to an act of discrimination and segregation. N/A

Nanomaterials are commonly considered as those materials in which the shape and molecular composition at a nanometer scale can be controlled. Subsequently, they present extraordinary properties that are being useful for the development of new and improved applications in many fields, including medicine. In dentistry, several research efforts are being conducted, especially during the last decade, for the improvement of the properties of materials used in dentistry. The objective of the present article is to offer the audience a complete and comprehensive review of the main applications that have been developed in dentistry, by the use of these materials, during the last two decades. It was shown how these materials are improving the treatments in mainly all the important areas of dentistry, such as endodontics, periodontics, implants, tissue engineering and restorative dentistry. The scope of the present review is, subsequently, to revise the main applications regarding nano-shaped materials in dentistry, including nanorods, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanospheres/nanoparticles, and zeolites and other orders porous materials. The results of the bibliographic analysis show that the most explored nanomaterials in dentistry are graphene and carbon nanotubes, and their derivatives. A detailed analysis and a comparative study of their applications show that, although they are quite similar, graphene-based materials seem to be more promising for most of the applications of interest in dentistry. The bibliographic study also demonstrated the potential of zeolite-based materials, although the low number of studies on their applications shows that they have not been totally explored, as well as other porous nanomaterials that have found important applications in medicine, such as metal organic frameworks, have not been explored. Subsequently, it is expected that the research effort will concentrate on graphene and zeolite-based materials in the coming years. Thus, the present review paper presents a detailed bibliographic study, with more than 200 references, in order to briefly describe the main achievements that have been described in dentistry using nanomaterials, compare and analyze them in a critical way, with the aim of predicting the future challenges. Erasmus Mundus EurasiaCat “Advanced Education European-Asiatic Exchange Programme in Materials Science and Catalysis” Action-2 Strand-2 (EMA2/S2) Agreement 2013-5659/3 Project 552067

The measurement of band 3 (AE1, SLC4A1, CD233) content of red cells by eosin-5- maleimide (EMA) staining is swiftly replacing conventional osmotic fragility (OF) test as a tool for laboratory confirmation of hereditary spherocytosis across the globe. Our group has systematically evaluated the EMA test as a method to screen for a variety of anemias in the last 10 years, and compared these results to those obtained with the osmotic gradient ektacytometry (osmoscans) which we have used over three decades. Our overall experience allowed us to characterize the distinctive patterns with the two tests in several congenital erythrocyte membrane disorders, such as hereditary spherocytosis (HS), hereditary elliptocytosis (HE), Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO), hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) variants, erythrocyte volume disorders, various red cell enzymopathies, and hemoglobinopathies. A crucial difference between the two methodologies is that osmoscans measure red blood cell deformability of the entire sample of RBCs, while the EMA test examines the band 3 content of individual RBCs. EMA content is influenced by cell size as smaller red cells have lower amount of total membrane than larger cells. The SAO mutation alters the EMA binding site resulting in a lower EMA MCF even as the band 3 content itself is unchanged. Thus, EMA scan results should be interpreted with caution and both the histograms and dot plots should be analyzed in the context of the clinical picture and morphology.

A 57-year-old man with a heavy smoking and alcohol consumption history, but no comorbidities, presented with pharyngeal pain to his primary care physician’s office. He received empirical treatment with oral antibiotics and experienced partial improvement. A couple of months later, he developed a left cervical mass with progressive growth. A head and neck CT scan revealed a hypopharyngeal tumor. Results of a tumor biopsy indicated an ulcerated, moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with lymphovascular invasion. The patient was sent to our institution for treatment.

We analyzed the electromagnetic performance of a novel optical switch in a form of microelectromechanical (MEMS) device with a thin metallic microplate reflector supported by four flat metallic springs on its sides. The reflector tilts under the electrostatic actuation in two planes and part of its initially flat surface acquires some curvature. In this way the reflector steers the optical input beam to one of up to eight positions corresponding to the output ports and focuses the optical beam on this port. We evaluated analytically the reflector displacement against the actuator driving voltage under realistic parameters of the optical switch. Then we obtained the reflector tilt and curvature under nominal actuator driving voltage by means of numerical modeling of the switch with the commercial design and simulation software CoventorWare®. In addition, we looked at a possibility of reducing the switch driving voltage at the expense of spring stiffness. Our results confirm the possibility of optical switching with this novel device.

It is vitally important to understand that premature birth at the Latin American level and in Ecuador is a Public Health problem is considered as one of the main causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality, determined by certain obstetric gynecological aspects such as newborn weight, gestational age is important when there is an irregularity of gestational development when not being found within 32 weeks they produce a greater rate of neonatal morbidity and mortality as a consequence a greater percentage of sequelae; Therefore, it is important that through the present study it is understood that the incidence of premature births should be reduced, which not only affects the pregnant woman but also the newborn. This research is quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional with a descriptive level of research, based on the medical records of patients between the ages of 10 and 19 treated at the Enrique C. Sotomayor hospital in Guayaquil in the period 2015 When the present study is carried out, it is concluded that since there is no consistent prenatal control on the part of pregnant women, it directly influences the pre-term delivery leading to this problem to establish a high predisposition to produce maternal-neonatal morbidity and mortality; a greater awareness campaign should be carried out regarding the prenatal controls necessary to reduce the incidence of preterm birth. The age group with the greatest predisposition is established in adolescents whose age range is from 17 to 19 years.

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis ateles comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 18���19 Holotype ��� MCZ R-81043 Type locality: ���Balneario de Boquer��n, Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico.��� Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (14.38/ 33 mm); midbody scales 36���42 (x�� 39.4); nine to ten toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males head pattern absent (also in S. g. spanius); males with no pigmentation on chest, variable pigmentation on throat; males with two light lines extending from the orbits to the scapular patch (also in some S. g mimetes and S. g. stibarus); males and females with a large black scapular patch, ocelli near the edge of the patch; some specimens have the patch surrounded by a white margin (also in S. g. stibarus and S. g. ateles) or absent patch; males with a red head. Color in life (Fig. 18): Female: ground color light gray to pink, head and tail orange to gray, head pattern well defined, medial lines separated and parallel, ocelli color white. Male ground color light brown or gray to orange, head red to light orange. Iris color green, copper, or gray. Distribution: Low elevation coastal areas of southwestern Puerto Rico from Mayag��ez to Ponce, transition to S. g. mimetes occur near Ponce., Published as part of Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla Garc��a, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad & Gamble, Tony, 2019, The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae), pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4712 (2) on pages 169-170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586953, {"references":["Thomas, R. & Schwartz, A. (1966) Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 10, 193 - 260."]}

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis guarionex comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 16���17 Holotype ��� MCZ R-81048 Type locality: ���Officers��� Club Beach, Ramey Air Force Base, Puerto Rico.��� [Currently called Punta Borinquen Golf and Country Club, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico.] Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (12.17/ 34.2 mm); midbody scales 36���49 (x�� 41.3); number of dorsal body scales very reduced (around 14) compared to the other subspecies of S. grandisquamis (17���23); rounded snout scales; one internasal scale; low number of escutcheon scales (around 67, other subspecies of S. grandisquamis [73���95]); nine toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males with orange head; males throat patterned (also in S. g. mimetes and S. g. spanius) and variable in females; the scapular patch is the largest among all members of the S. macrolepis complex, especially in females, and is usually hexagonal enclosing the ocelli. Color in life (Fig. 16): Female: ground color light brown, head and tail fluctuates from orange to yellow, head pattern well defined, medial lines separated and parallel, ocelli color white. Male ground color light brown to gray, head yellow to light orange. Iris color yellow copper. Distribution: Low elevation coastal areas of northern Puerto Rico from the lowlands of El Yunque National Forest to Rinc��n, a transition to S. m. ateles around Mayaguez and with S. g. spanius on high elevations of the Cordillera Central., Published as part of Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla Garc��a, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad & Gamble, Tony, 2019, The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae), pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4712 (2) on pages 168-169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586953, {"references":["Thomas, R. & Schwartz, A. (1966) Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 10, 193 - 260."]}

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis stibarus comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 24���25 Holotype ��� MCZ R-81022 Type locality: ��� Isla Pi��eros, Puerto Rico.��� Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (13.34/ 29.44 mm); midbody scales 36���41 (x�� = 38.6); snout scales rounded; five loreal scales; eight toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males with faint lineated head pattern; males with two light lines extending from the orbits to the scapular patch, scapular patch surrounded by white margin, and patch can also have brown color; the ocelli are large in proportion to the scapular patch and are more separated than in any other member of the S. macrolepis species complex (Padilla 2016); males with anterior dorsolateral lines not contacting the scapular patch; males with marked throat pattern. Color in life (Fig. 24): Female: ground gray with dark brown or black scales, head and tail orange to light brown, head pattern well defined, medial lines poorly defined and forming a blotch, ocelli color white. Male ground color is light brown, scattered brown scales, salt and pepper, head and tail orange. Iris color dark gray, or golden. Distribution: Known only from the type locality., Published as part of Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla Garc��a, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad & Gamble, Tony, 2019, The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae), pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4712 (2) on page 172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586953, {"references":["Thomas, R. & Schwartz, A. (1966) Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 10, 193 - 260."]}

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis spanius comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 22���23 Holotype ��� MCZ R-81047 Type locality: ��� 17.7 km NE Utuado (~ about 8 km airline), 1100 feet, Puerto Rico.��� Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (14.68/ 35.68 mm); midbody scales 41���47 (x�� 43.6); males with elevated number of escutcheon scales (~95); ten toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males with marked lineated head pattern; males with marked reticular pattern; scapular patch reduced to a midcentral rectangle, and ocelli located on the periphery of the patch; scapular patch in contact with nuchal spots (Padilla 2006). Color in life (Fig. 22): Female: ground color light brown to straw, head and tail orange to light gray, head pattern well defined, medial lines separated and parallel, ocelli color white, or sometimes gray (Thomas & Schwartz 1966). Male ground color light brown, head and tail orange. Iris color yellow, green, brown, copper, or golden. Distribution: Uplands of the Cordillera Central and the Sierra of Cayey from 335 m to 850 m. Thomas & Schwartz (1966) report some intergrades with S. g. mimetes near Aibonito., Published as part of Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla Garc��a, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad & Gamble, Tony, 2019, The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae), pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4712 (2) on pages 171-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586953, {"references":["Thomas, R. & Schwartz, A. (1966) Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 10, 193 - 260.","Padilla, L. F. (2006) Geographic variation in color pattern on Sphaerodactylus macrolepis Gunther 1859, (Sauria: Gekkonidae). M. Sc. Thesis, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan. 153 pp."]}

Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla García, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad, Gamble, Tony (2019): The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae). Zootaxa 4712 (2): 151-201, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1

Sphaerodactylus inigoi comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 11–13 Holotype — MCZ R-81055 Type locality: “Ensenada Sun Bay (= Ensenda Sombe), Isla Vieques, Puerto Rico.” Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (14.18/ 30 mm), midbody scales 33–41 (x̅ 36.8), four or five loreal scales (also in S. parvus, contrasting with five or six in S. macrolepis and S. grandisquamis), two or three postmental scales (two in S. macrolepis, S. grandisquamis, and S. parvus), a low number of dorsal body scales from axilla to groin (15 to 18, differing from S. parvus and S. grandisquamis except S. g. stibarus [14–16 scales]). Males dorsal head pattern absent or very faint except a dull parietal spot (Thomas & Schwartz 1966); males with no pigmentation on throat, females with throat pattern; males from Culebra might have some pigmentation on the throat; males with red to yellow head; males and females with reduced scapular patch; males and females with dorsal lines stippled; males dorsal pattern salt and pepper; females with medial lines fused to form a blotch or imperfect line; shortened snout. SVL is smaller in specimens from West Culebra (Min= 14.04 mm, Max= 26.88 mm) than in specimens from Vieques (Min= 14.18 mm, Max= 30 mm). Color in life (Fig. 11): Female: ground color fluctuates from tan to gray, head and tail fluctuates from gray to light brown, head pattern well defined, medial lines forming a blotch, ocelli color pale or yellowish. Male ground color fluctuates from gray to light brown, head red-orange with absent head pattern or faint remains of it (e.g. parietal or nuchal spot). Iris color brown, copper, or orange. The color of female S. inigoi is similar to the female coloration of S. g. mimete s, while the male coloration is more similar to the males of S. g. ateles (Padilla 2006), although the former has a marked head, unlike S. inigoi males, where the pattern is absent or very faint. Distribution: Vieques Island and satellites, and western part of Culebra Island.

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis mimetes comb. nov. Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Figures 20–21 Holotype — MCZ R-81036 Type locality: “ 12.3 km SE Patillas, Puerto Rico.” [Thomas & Schwartz (1966) incorrectly listed the type locality as 12.3 km SE Patillas, but the correct distance is 1.23 km SE Patillas Puerto Rico.] Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (13.3/ 33.19 mm); midbody scales 31–40 (x̅ 36.1); nine toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males with salt and pepper dorsal pattern; males with very marked lineated or fragmented head pattern; males with blue head (background color); males with reticulate pattern on the gular area; males with or without scapular patch, ocelli on the periphery or enclosed on the patch. The males of this species are superficially similar to the males of S. macrolepis but lack the bicolored scapular patch and the head pattern is less fragmented than in S. macrolepis. Color in life (Fig. 20): Female: ground color light brown to pink, head and tail yellow to gray, head pattern well defined, medial lines separated and parallel, ocelli color white. Male ground color light yellow to orange, head blue to gray, tail orange. Iris color red to yellow-brown. Distribution: Low elevation coastal areas of southeastern Puerto Rico, from Ponce to Maunabo where it transitions to S. g. grandisquamis.

Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis grandisquamis Stejneger, 1904 Figures 14���15 Holotype ��� USNM 27007 Type locality: ��� Luquillo, Porto Rico.��� Synonyms: Sphaerodactylus g. phoberus Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max (17.79/ 34.08 mm); midbody scales 36���46 (x�� 41.2); scales on the snout are rounded (also in S. g. guarionex and S. g. stibarus); head ventral scales with faint keels (contrary to the other species where the keels are more defined); seven toe lamellae on the fourth toe; males with faint head pattern (also in S. g. guarionex and S. g. stibarus); males with faint throat pattern; females without throat pattern; males and females with a large hexagonal black scapular patch; ocelli enclosed on the scapular patch, and patch usually surrounded by a white margin (also in S. g. stibarus and S. g. ateles). Color in life (Fig. 14): Female: ground color brown to yellowish, head and tail fluctuates from orange to yellow, head pattern well defined, medial lines separated and parallel, ocelli color white. Males ground color brown to yellowish brown, head red-orange to yellowish. Iris color variable, greenish-yellow, black suffused with yellow, golden or grayish-yellow (Thomas & Schwartz 1966). Distribution: Low elevation coastal areas of northeastern Puerto Rico, Cayo Santiago and Cayo Batata, a transition to S. g. guarionex around San Juan and to S. g. mimetes in the Maunabo area., Published as part of Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla Garc��a, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad & Gamble, Tony, 2019, The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae), pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4712 (2) on pages 167-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586953, {"references":["Stejneger, L. (1904) Herpetology of Porto Rico. Report of the United States National Museum, 1902, 549 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11835","Thomas, R. & Schwartz, A. (1966) Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 10, 193 - 260."]}

Sphaerodactylus macrolepis sensu stricto G��nther, 1859 Figures 9���10 Syntypes ��� BMNH 1946.8.30.74 and BMNH 1946.8.30.75 Type locality: ���St. Croix, West Indies.��� Synonyms: Sphaerodactylus danforthi Grant, 1931 Diagnosis: SVL Min/Max is 11.81/ 27.54 mm, dorsal scales without knob-like organs, dorsal body scales are small, and can be rounded or acute. Tail also has dorsal scales with the free edge rounded, and fourth toe with six to eight lamellae. This species has several distinctive coloration features, including males with marked reticulated head (marbled); males without dorsal lines or salt and pepper (this shared with S. inigoi and S. parvus); males with a blue head (background color, similar to the head in S. g. mimetes); males with reticular pattern on the gular area (also in S. g. mimetes and S. parvus); males with indistinct cephalic figure (or pattern); males and females with head pattern either black or dark brown; females with a fragmented head pattern; females with fainter reticulation on the throat especially next to the jaw; females with dorsal medial lines fused to form a blotch or imperfect line (also present in S. inigoi); scapular patch of males (when present) and females could be bicolor (brown and black) with brown anterior part of the scapular patch (the area anterior to the ocelli); scapular patch well defined with two anterior lateral projections or could be formed by two united circles (but not rectangular), pale or yellowish ocelli inside the scapular patch; females with anterolateral lines that contact the scapular patch; central parietal dot with two lateral lines that extend from the snout and meet posterior to the parietal dot; shortened snout (also seen in S. parvus, S. inigoi, and S. g. stibarus). Color in life (Fig. 9): Female: ground color fluctuates from dark brown to straw, head and tail fluctuates from gray to orange, head pattern well defined. Medial lines forming a blotch, ocelli color pale or yellowish. Male ground color fluctuates from reddish-brown to straw. Head blueish with strong marble pattern. Iris color reddish-brown to yellow. Distribution: Culebra including Cayo Luis Pe��a, the Virgin Islands including St. Croix, and the Prickly Pear Cays of Anguilla., Published as part of Daza, Juan D., Pinto, Brendan J., Thomas, Richard, Herrera-Martinez, Alexandra, Scantlebury, Daniel P., Padilla Garc��a, Luis F., Balaraman, Rajesh P., Perry, Gad & Gamble, Tony, 2019, The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae), pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4712 (2) on pages 163-164, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3586953, {"references":["Gunther, A. (1859) On the reptiles from St. Croix, West Indies, collected by Messrs, A. and B. Newton. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 4 (21), 209 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935908697110","Grant, C. (1931) The Sphaerodactylus of Porto Rico, Culebra and Mona Islands. Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Porto Rico, 15, 199 - 213."]}

This study evaluated the presence of pulp stones in a Seville population, correlating their presence and size with state of the crown and pulp response to cold stimuli, encompassing variables such as age, gender, location (arch and teeth group). The study included 1090 teeth corresponding to 146 patients. Each patient underwent a visual examination, periapical radiographs and sensibility tests. The SPSS 25 software (SSPS, Chicago, USA) was used to carry out the statistical analysis, doing logistic regression to compare variables and Chi-square with a significance level p

The research deals with the estimation of the available wind’s potential on the building terrace, at the P-headquarter of the Universidad ECCI of Colombia, and from the results obtained consequently verify if the wind conditions are conducive to the operation of a wind micro-turbine, currently unused. The methodology is based on the wind speed estimation; applying the velocity potential’s law to the records captured, between the 1st of January and the 24th of March, 2015, by the weather station of the National University of Colombia. Once the speed of the wind is estimated in the study area, a frequency velocity distribution is performed and the graphical method is applied to determine the scale, c and shape parameters, k that allow the characterization of the function of the Weibull distribution in the study area. Finally, based on the micro turbine’s specifications, the power that could be usable is estimated and it is theoretically evaluated if the wind conditions are optimal for its operation. Although wind speed data were recorded in the study area, using the Universidad ECCI weather station, they were only used as a benchmark for the estimated velocities. The estimated values of the useful power and the wind power density for the wind micro-turbine, operating at a wind speed of , which represents approximately the average value of the wind speed (obtained with the scale factor of the Weibull function), are respectively and .

Las celdas solares de perovskita (PSC por sus siglas en inglés) son objeto de estudio en el campo de las energías renovables gracias a sus elevadas eficiencias de fotoconversión. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) de la cuna a la puerta de PSC fabricadas en C.A.B.A. para evaluar su impacto adoptando como unidad funcional 1m2 de PSC fabricada considerando la configuración de una celda típica construida en los laboratorios de CNEA mediante spin coating. Se realizó un estudio de indicadores energéticos EPBT y EROI (Energy PayBack Time y Energy Return of Investment) de donde se obtuvo el tiempo de vida requerido para que la fabricación de los dispositivos pueda ser viable energéticamente. Además se estudió cómo varían estos según la localidad donde se implementen los dispositivos y cómo sería la variación de energía en todo el proceso si se aplican técnicas de encapsulado. Las PSC con eficiencias de 15% alcanzaron valores de EPBT de 10 meses en C.A.B.A., y valores de EROI comparables a otras tecnologías fotovoltaicas si se extrapola el tiempo de vida a 5 años como mínimo. Además del ACV se pudo observar que el mayor aporte energético está dado por el tipo de proceso elegido en la fabricación. Perovskite solar cells (PSC) are a relevant subject of study in the field on renewable energies due to their excepcional photoconversion efficiency. Even though the laboratory reports are very promising, it is necessary to perform a scale-up factibility analysis in order to determine if PSCs can become a useful technology. In this report we performed a life cycle assessment (LCA) from-cradle-to-door of PSCs fabricated in the Buenos Aires city area in order to evaluate the impact of each fabrication process. The functional unit consist of cells of 1m2 prepared at the CNEA laboratories via spin coating. The energy payback time (EPBT) and the energy return of investment (EROI) were analysed in order to examine the energy generation of the PSCs. Additionally, we studied those indicators under different conditions like solar irradiation and incorporating an extra encapsulation step in the PSC fabrication device. EPBT values for PSC with 15% photo conversion efficiency (PCE) result in 10 months for Buenos Aires. Moreover, the EROI values were similar to those reported in literature. From the LCA we could determine that the major energy intake is due to the kind of technology of choice for the device fabrication. Fil: Correa Guerrero, Natalia Belén. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones no Nucleares. Gerencia Física (CAC). Grupo Energía Solar; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes | Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes.; Argentina Fil: Herrera Martinez, Walter Oswaldo. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones no Nucleares. Gerencia Física (CAC). Grupo Energía Solar; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología; Argentina Fil: Perez, Maria Dolores. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones no Nucleares. Gerencia Física (CAC). Grupo Energía Solar; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes | Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia - Nodo Constituyentes.; Argentina

The intrinsic heterogeneity of endocrine-related cancers (ERCs) hampers the identification and development of global and effective therapeutic treatments for these pathologies. However, the dysregulation of the splicing process has been postulated as a new common hallmark shared by most cancer types, since it is associated with the appearance of splicing variants with oncogenic potential (e.g. CD44v6, BCL-xs, AR-v7, SST5TMD4, In1-ghrelin). Yet, the putative alteration, pathophysiological role and potential therapeutic utility of the elements involved in the control of the splicing process [i.e. spliceosome components (SCs) and splicing factors (SFs)] remain still unknown. For this reason, we have analysed the expression levels of a representative set of SCs (n=18) and SFs (n=27) in different cohorts of ERCs [i.e. growth hormone secreting pituitary tumors (n=96); non-functioning pituitary tumors (n=23); pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (n=20); prostate cancer (n=126); and in four in silico cohorts of liver cancer (HCC; n=445, n=115, n=75, n=45)]. Our results showed that the SF3b subunit 1 (SF3B1) gene, which encodes a protein necessary for spliceosome assembly, was consistently overexpressed in all the ERCs evaluated in this study. Interestingly, SF3B1 expression was positively correlated and associated with clinical and molecular aggressiveness features (e.g. histopathological grade, presence of metastasis, expression of oncogenic splicing variants, etc.) in these ERCs. In vitro analyses revealed that the specific blockade of SF3B1 activity, using the pladienolide-B compound, exhibited potent and relevant antitumor effects (reducing cell proliferation, migration, tumorospheres and colonies formation, hormone release and inducing apoptosis) in the vast majority of representative models of ERC cells tested herein (primary ERCs cell cultures and cell lines such as BON-1, QGP-1, LNCaP, 22Rv1, PC-3, HepG2, Hep3b or SNU-387). Remarkably, the antitumor effects of pladienolide-B treatment were further validated in vivo in that we found a significant reduction of tumor volume after 9-days of local treatment of pladienolide-B in a xenograft model of ERC. Moreover, we found that pladienolide-B treatment modulated an ample repertoire of molecular events, such as inhibition of major oncogenic signalling pathways (e.g. PI3K/AKT and JNK), modulation of the expression of key tumour markers (e.g. MKI67/CDK6/CDKN2A) and oncogenic splicing variants (e.g. AR-v7/In1-ghrelin), and regulation of the expression pattern of key components of mRNA homeostasis-associated machineries (spliceosome and SURF/EJC). In conclusion, these results indicate that SF3B1 is consistently overexpressed in different ERCs and associated to malignant features and that its pharmacological blockade with pladienolide-B could represent a novel, global and effective therapeutic approach for ERCs Unless otherwise noted, all abstracts presented at ENDO are embargoed until the date and time of presentation. For oral presentations, the abstracts are embargoed until the session begins. Abstracts presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.

El objetivo de esta revision bibliografica es identificar el conocimiento sobre la gestion de la calidad en las entidades publicas colombianas y cuales son los criterios, aspectos, metodologias y herramientas utilizadas para la integracion entre dos o mas modelos. La revision bibliografica realizada estuvo enfocada en empresas del sector publico en Colombia, atendiendo a la necesidad que tiene el Estado de contribuir y mejorar la gestion institucional. Teniendo en cuenta el Modelo Integrado de Planeacion y Gestion MIPG como herramienta propuesta por el departamento de la funcion publica la cual tiene como proposito mejorar y desarrollar actividades al interior de cada entidad que fortalezcan el desempeno institucional, de igual forma, se encuentra la norma tecnica NTC ISO 9001, que busca la mejora, el enfoque por procesos, el enfoque al cliente y la satisfaccion de sus partes interesada, instrumento fundamental que deberia ser aprovechado y tenerlo como punto de partida para dar continuidad o iniciar la implementacion, desarrollo y aplicacion de mejores y buenas practicas que propendan a la mejora continua; todo lo anterior, con el fin de conocer el nivel de aceptacion y adaptacion por parte de las entidades y de los colaboradores cuando se integran varios modelos haciendo uso de las diferentes metodologias de integracion impartidas por los autores.