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Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Department of Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering / Paiguan Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Drainage & Irrigation Machinery Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal on Communication / Tongxin Xuebao is the property of Journal on Communications Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Functional Materials / Gongneng Cailiao is the property of Chongqing Functional Materials Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the experiments of four imitated ancient building connections between concrete filled square steel tubular columns (CFST) and reinforced concrete circular columns ( RC) under low cyclic reversed loading, the failure modes under different axial compression ratios were obtained. The hysteretic loops, skeleton curves, deformability, energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation and strength degradation were analyzed. It is shown that the failure modes of CFST-RC column connections are flexural failure, with some characteristics of shear failure. Plastic hinges are formed at the root of CFST column and RC column, and there are obvious shear oblique cracks in the middle and upper part of RC column. The hysteretic loops are full, and the connections have insignificant stillness degradation and strength degradation. As the connections fail, the ductility factor is between 4. 42 and 5.54, and the equivalent viscous damping ratio is between 0. 233 and 0. 311, showing excellent deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity. In the range of experimental axial compression ratio, the peak load and ductility of the connections increase with the increase of the axial compression ratio. The peak load and ductility of the connections with the same axial compression ratio decrease with the increase of slenderness ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Application Research of Computers / Jisuanji Yingyong Yanjiu is the property of Application Research of Computers Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Functional Materials / Gongneng Cailiao is the property of Chongqing Functional Materials Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Three dipeptide Amadori intermediates (APs) were prepared by three representative dipeptide Gly-Gln, Ala-Gin and Gly-Gly as the nitrogen source, and glucose as sugar sources. The reaction process was monitored by HPLC to compare reactivity of dipeptides, the reactivity order is Ala-Gin > Gly-Gln > Gly-Gly. The purity and fracture modes of three dipeptide APs were characterized and analysis using LC-MS/MS and ESI-MS/MS. The results showed that the LC/MS purity of three dipeptide APs was up to 95% (Gly-Gln -APs), 97% (Ala-Gln-APs) and 98% (Gly-Gly-APs) . Three fracture pattern of dipeptide APs was similar, the main fragment ions including loss of sugar molecules formed [M-162 ]+ and [M-180 ]+ fragment ions; and loss of water molecule is formed [M-36]+ and [M-84]+ ions. The cigarette application evaluation showed that the three dipeptide APs have encountered with incense smoke harmonize and improve the aroma and the amount of gas concentration, wherein Ala-Gln-APs shows the best effects. An obvious positive effect could be found both in aroma and taste characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the growing demand of livestock products, the rapid development of intensive livestock production system in periurban area has brought many serious environmental problems. However, little is known about the quantitative information of livestock production in peri-urban environments. In this study, we analyzed the nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency and losses and the temporal-spatial variation of pig breeding, using the data of a comprehensive survey conducted on 92 pig farms during 2012-2013 and calculated with the NUFER-animal model(nutrient flows in food chains, environment and resources-animal model). The NUFER model is a deterministic model with large databases that calculates the flows, use efficiencies, and emissions of N and P in the food chains in 31 regions of China and the national level on an annual basis. It uses a mass balance approach with detailed amount of the partitioning of nitrogen and phosphorus inputs and outputs. Then, 5 kinds of feed and manure management optimization measures were proposed using scenario analysis. From 1980 to 2013, the nitrogen use efficiency at the fattening level (fattening pigs only) increased from 17.8% to 19.0%, and the phosphorus use efficiency increased from 32.0% to 35.8%; the nitrogen use efficiency at the herd level (fattening pigs plus sows and boars) increased from 16.0% to 16.7%, and the phosphorus use efficiency decreased from 29.5% to 23.4%; the nitrogen use efficiency at the system level (soil-feed-pig breeding system) decreased from 18.5% to 11.4%, and the phosphorus use efficiency decreased from 41.6% to 17.1%.In 2013, the total nitrogen and phosphorus losses were 4.2×104 and 0.65×104 t, respectively, increasing by 56.9% and 97.0% comparing with that in 1980.The reason for this change was that the breeding mode of pig breeding changed from family and traditional mode to intensive mode. For the proportion of the feed utilization, the family was rapidly decreased, which led to the efficiency decreasing at system scale. However, due to the precision feeding and manure management, the nutrient use efficiency was increased at animal and herd level. At the same time, the government proposed many policies, laws and regulations, standards and norms since 2000, so that the nutrient use efficiency first decreased and then increased and the environmental losses first increased and then decreased from 1980 to 2013. The result also showed that the proportion of different feed sources of pig breeding in perilurban area changed a lot in 2013. Feed gradually shifted from local production to import from abroad, and feed input conversed from the byproduct feed to the main product feed. The results of spatial distribution variation showed that the environmental losses were rapidly decreased at urban and suburban area, and rapidly increased at outer suburb of Beijing. These spatialtemporal changes were mainly attributed to the urbanization and the urban development planning. Insights from pig breeding systems in periurban region of Beijing provide relevant guidance to the sustainable livestock production in cities of rapidly developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the unbalanced energy of the sensor network and the vulnerability of the network performance to selfish nodes, we establish a balanced game model of energy consumption (EBGM) algorithm based on the game theory, which encourages nodes' cooperative behavior. We introduce energy concern factors, which adjusts forwarding willingness according to the proportion of the existing energy differences between the node and its neighbors, rather than the mode of the traditional game algorithms which regard residual energy as the only standard to adjust forwarding willingness. We analyze the theory of the EBGM algorithm, and prove the existence of the Nash equilibrium that tends to be Pareto optimal equilibrium. Simulations indicate that the EBGM algorithm can promote cooperative behavior of nodes while balancing energy cost and prolonging the lifetime of the whole network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parity matrix of low density parity check (LDPC) codes with short length has strong column dependence. As a result, it performs poorly in restraining burst-errors. In order to improve the capability of correcting burst-errors, we propose a method to construct irregular LDPC codes, and it can be achieved by randomly distributing edges of variable nodes in each layer. The feature of the construction reduces the column dependence of the parity check matrix. As a consequence, the proposed method performs well in restraining burst-errors. By calculating the minimum hamming distance and column dependence , the proposed method is proved effective. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the short-length LDPC codes constructed by the proposed method is better than PEG, CCSDS standard and IEEE 802.16e LDPC codes in low signal-to-noise ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Harbin University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)