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L'entrepreneur schumpétérien impulse le processus capitaliste par l'introduction d'innovations. À la fois boxeur impétueux et Don Quichotte des fonctions de production, l'entrepreneur s'inscrit dans un processus créatif par lequel émerge la nouveauté, altérant les structures économiques. La chevauchée de l'entrepreneur n'est pas réductible à des calculs coût-avantages, mais relève d’une logique du don : l'entrepreneur crée sans répit, car il ne peut rien faire d'autre. Néanmoins, il est à l'origine d'une économie fondée sur la propriété et les profits privés. Le capitalisme relève d'un régime d'appropriation qui exclut toute forme de don et de gratuité. La question de l'émergence de la nouveauté chez Schumpeter soulève une tension apparente entre un régime du don et un régime d'appropriation que ce papier entend questionner pour éclairer les ambivalences de l'acte créatif en économie., The Schumpeterian entrepreneur drives the capitalist process through the introduction of innovations. Alternately impetuous boxer and Don Quixote of the production functions, the entrepreneur is part of a creative process by which emerge novelties which upsets existing economic structures. The “ride” of the entrepreneur cannot be reduced to cost-benefit calculations, but falls under a logic of the gift: the entrepreneur “creates without respite, because he can do nothing else”. Nevertheless, he is at the origin of a capitalist economy founded on private property and profit. Capitalism belongs to the logic of economy, that is to say, to a system of appropriation which excludes all forms of gift and gratuitousness. This paper intends to question the apparent tension between a regime of gift and a regime of appropriation in order to highlight the ambivalence of the economic creation.

International audience; C

El estudio del progreso no es algo nuevo. Los pensadores griegos señalaron que el progreso significa un avance progresivo de la ciencia y la tecnología y, algunas veces, este avance se relaciona con la felicidad. Parte de la literatura existente ha identificado el progreso económico con el crecimiento económico. Sin embargo, existe una diferencia importante entre ambos conceptos. Como afirma Holcombe, el crecimiento económico hace referencia a la cantidad de productos, mientras que el progreso económico se refiere a la calidad de los mismos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar estos tres puntos de vista, mostrando las diferentes implicaciones para la sociedad, teniendo en cuenta algunos factores que deben considerarse en el progreso económico, como los consumos morales y la distribución del ingreso, entre otros., The study of progress is not recent. Greek thinkers pointed out that progress means a progressive advancement of science and technology and, sometimes, this advance is related to happiness. Some literature has identified economic progress with economic growth. However, there is an important difference between both concepts. According to Holcombe, economic growth refers to the quantity of products, while economic progress refers to the quality of them. The objective of this article is to analyze three points of view, Adam Smith, Keynes and Schumpeter, showing the different implications for society, and possible solutions to the problems rose.

The economics of services is seeking an appropriate theory of innovation. A priori, a neo-Schumpeterian approach does not seem incompatible with the principal traits of the service economy. This article poses the question, to what extent do neo-Schumpeterian analyses of innovation account for innovation in services? It offers a critical appraisal of attempts to apply these ideas to services, from simple conceptual and methodological transpositions (transposition of analyses of paradigms, technological trajectories and sectoral taxonomies of forms of technical change) to attempts to create more complete theoretical constructs. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.

The more original and provocative these which Joseph A. Schumpeter 18831950 developed in his work is that an heroic individual, the creative entrepreneur is the innovator of the dynamic economic system. This is the greatest personality who introduces new abilities to the productive forces of the economy. In this context, Nietzsche’s thoughts have many similarities with those of Schumpeter’s. On the other hand, there is a Nietzschean creative element in the vision of Schumpeter. As time passed, this element has been transformed into a more coherent analytical proposition to understand the very nature of the economic phenomenon. Despite the untestable character of some Schumpeterian analytical propositions, like the obsolescence of the entrepreneur or the danger of the decline of capitalism, we could have tolerance towards them in a rationally justified manner, Joseph A. Schumpeter 1883-1950 tarafından eserlerinde ortaya konulan en özgün ve iddialı fikir, bir kahramanın, yaratıcı girişimcinin, dinamik iktisadî yapının öncüsü olmasıdır. Bu mükemmel insan iktisadın üretici güçlerine yeni olanaklar sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Nietzsche'nin görüşlerinin Schumpeter'inkiler ile çok sayıda benzerliği vardır. Diğer taraftan, Schumpeter'in vizyonunda Nietzsche'nin tanımladığı anlamda bir yaratıcı unsur da bulunmaktadır. Zamanla bu unsur, iktisadî olgunun gerçek doğasını anlamaya yönelik, daha tutarlı analitik bir önermeye dönüşmüştür. Dolayısıyla, Schumpeter'in girişimcinin önem yitirmesi veya kapitalizmin çöküşü gibi bazı analitik önermelerine, test edilemeyen karakterlerine rağmen, rasyonelleştirilmeleri kaydıyla hoşgörü gösterilebilir.

The aim of this paper is to show that the dynamics of Schumpeterian economics, in addition to explain the creation of wealth, also implicitly contain the elements of a theory of relative poverty. It is argued that the German tradition of economics, of which Schumpeter is a part, has always encompassed the necessary elements of a theory of uneven growth. List, Marx, and Schumpeter have all emphasized different aspects of this uneven growth. This contrasts sharply with the Anglo-Saxon tradition which, particularly since the 1890’s, has produced theories of growth and trade which imply an even, converging distribution of world activity and income.

Tendo como suporte teórico principal a sociologia clássica weberiana, que debate a relação entre a vida religiosa e o empreendedorismo, e a abordagem schumpeteriana ao empreendedor, este artigo trata da influência da crença religiosa sobre seguidores reconhecidos como empreendedores. A estratégia de pesquisa foi um estudo de caso qualitativo e comparativo sobre empreendedores de duas organizações religiosas: a Igreja Evangélica Renascer em Cristo e a organização católica Movimento dos Focolares. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação, entrevistas e pesquisa documental. Os resultados indicam que os empreendedores de ambas as organizações preenchem os espaços de incerteza gerados pelas circunstâncias do mercado, por meio da busca pelo "transcendente", o que lhes oferece a segurança subjetiva necessária para a ação. Também foi possível verificar que eles desenvolvem aptidões que não se restringem à mera conduta econômica, dimensão em que suas ações se apresentam como irracionais, porém, alinhadas com o "espírito empreendedor", como a fé e a esperança. Essas aptidões se aproximam do conceito do empreendedor schumpeteriano.

Long-wave theories generally neglegt service activities and service innovations. Nevertheless Schumpeter's analyses provide us with very suggestive concepts. It provides in particular a large and open definition of innovation. Moreover it enables us to ask following questions : What is the place of service activities and of their innovations in the long-waves ? May we interpret de-industrialization tendancies of developed economies as a process of destruction of old industrial structures and of their replacement by new service firms, respective to the schumpeterian mechanism of creative destruction ? Is the schumpeterian entrepreneurial function involved in service activities and isn't the entrepreneurial function of industrial firms itself partly shared with some special service activities namely consultancy activities ?, Les théories du cycle long accordent peu de place aux services et à l'innovation de service. Pourtant, l'oeuvre de Schumpeter fournit des concepts très suggestifs à cet égard. Elle offre notamment une définition large et ouverte de l'innovation. Elle permet en outre de soulever les questions suivantes : quelle est la place des services et de leur innovation dans les cycles longs ? la tendance à la désindustrialisation des économies développées ne peut-elle être aussi interprétée comme un processus de destruction des vieilles structures industrielles et de création de firmes de services selon le processus schumpeterien de destruction créatrice ? l'esprit schumpeterien d'entreprise, ensuite, n'est-il pas également présent dans les services, et l'esprit d'entreprise des firmes industrielles, elles-mêmes, n'est-il pas partagé en partie avec certaines catégories de services notamment de type conseil ?

Joseph Schumpeter’s economic thought is indissolubly linked to the study of entrepreneurship and innovation. In Business Cycles, the book planned to be ‘the crown of his work’, Schumpeter carefully crafted a theoretical framework in which both concepts are presented as the main engines of the cyclical economic evolution. This paper aims to offer a different view on this complex combination of economic theory, historical and statistical applied analyses which are today largely forgotten. Schumpeter’s theories of entrepreneurship and innovation are discussed within the general framework of his main intellectual legacy. Re-reading Schumpeter’s Business Cycles in the light of its scholarly reception, this study pays a special attention to some of the key reviews that critically addressed this book. The novelty of our approach lies in revealing the systematic emphasis placed upon the elements introduced by Schumpeter’s Business Cycles to his theories of innovation and entrepreneurship

Without claiming to be an exhaustive exposition of two of the most important perspectives in the field of entrepreneurship studies, this paper points out some key distinctions between the Austrian Economics and Schumpeterian perspectives on the process of entrepreneurship. It employs a comparative approach and addresses point by point the nature of entrepreneurial opportunities, the sources of uncertainty in the initialization of entrepreneurial action, the process of competition and its role in the market as well as the relationship between entrepreneurship and knowledge. The article examines the importance attributed by these two perspectives to the socio-economic environment in which entrepreneurial activity arises, instead of focusing directly on their exclusively economic aspects.

International audience; Gabriel Tarde est un auteur français que la sociologie redécouvre de manière récurrente. Les économistes de l’innovation se sont insuffisamment intéressés à un auteur qui a pourtant consacré une grande partie de son œuvre aux lois de l’imitation et de l’invention. L’objet de ce travail est triple. Il est, tout d’abord, de rendre compte, de manière succincte, de ces lois de l’imitation et de l’invention. Il est, ensuite, de réexaminer et d’enrichir les débats sur les similitudes entre Schumpeter et Tarde. Il est, enfin, et surtout, d’examiner les similitudes, inexplorées à notre connaissance, entre l’œuvre de Tarde et les théories néoschumpeteriennes et évolutionnistes contemporaines.

Clément Juglar was credited by Joseph Schumpeter as the founder of modern business-cycle theory. Schumpeter praised Juglar for identifying the cyclical character of economic fluctuations and for having been seminal in the combination of theoretical, statistical and historical analysis, and also named the classical business cycle after the French economist. Strikingly, the latter's pioneering work is hardly known today. The paper examines Juglar explanation of cyclical fluctuations and compares it with Schumpeter's one. One important difference is that for Schumpeter the classical business cycle is driven by technological innovations of medium size, whereas for Juglar the cause for an overheated boom is speculation fuelled by easy credit.