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Namen diplomskega dela je analizirati položaj in dostopnost trga dela za ženske. Prvo poglavje zajema uveljavljanje žensk na trgu dela skozi zgodovino. Sledi poglavje, v katerem je zajet slovenski trg dela in ovire pri vstopu nanj. Raziskovalni del, v katerem se primerja Slovenijo, Nemčijo in Italijo, je narejen na podlagi dostopnih statističnih podatkov. Diplomsko delo obravnava ženske na trgu dela v Sloveniji. Ženske se v današnjem času in po posledicah, ki jih je pustila gospodarska kriza, še vedno srečujejo z velikimi izzivi pri vstopu na trg dela, saj morajo usklajevati delo in družino. Pri usklajevanju poklicnega in družinskega življenja se še vedno srečujemo z neenako obravnavo delodajalca in prisotnostjo diskriminacije pri zaposlovanju kljub končani izobrazbi. V diplomskem delu se ugotovi, da je v Sloveniji manjše število žensk na vodilnih in vodstvenih položajih v parlamentu in na občinski ravni. Prav tako statistični podatki kažejo, da so ženske v slabšem položaju pri zaposlovanju in vstopu na trg dela v primerjavi z moškimi. Z oteženim vstopom žensk na trg dela se ne srečuje samo Slovenija, temveč tudi ostale države. Rezultati kažejo, da se s težavami in ovirami srečujejo tudi v Nemčiji in Italiji. Opazimo lahko, da se status žensk na trgu dela, v obdobju od začetka gospodarske krize v letu 2008 in do danes, počasi izboljšuje, vendar še vedno ni najbolje. Na podlagi statističnih podatkov lahko zaznamo pozitivni vpliv ukrepov države in delodajalcev pri vstopu žensk na trg dela. The purpose of the thesis is to analyse the state and accessibility of the labour market for women. In the first chapter, I described the advancement of women on the labour market throughout history. I the next chapter, I explained the Slovenian labour market and its entry barriers. The research part, where I compared Slovenia, Germany and Italy, is prepared on the ground of accessible statistical data. The thesis discusses women on the labour market in Slovenia. In today’s time and after the consequences of the economic crisis, women are still facing great challenges by entering the labour market, since usually they are the ones, who have to reconcile work and family life. In reconciling the professional and family life, we are still facing different treatment of the employer and employment discrimination despite the completed education. In the thesis, I found that in Slovenia, there is a lower number of women in leading or leadership positions in the Parliament and on the municipal level. Statistical data also shows that women are disadvantaged compared to men in terms of employment and entering the labour market. Slovenia is not the only county, where women are facing a challenged entry into the labour market. The results show that Germany and Italy are also facing troubles and challenges. It is evident that since the economic crisis in 2008, the status of women on the labour market is slowly improving, but it is still not the best. Based on statistical data, we can perceive a positive impact of the measures of the State and employers on the entry of women into the labour market.

Diplomsko delo opisuje problematiko vključevanja oseb z invalidnostjo na trg dela. Zakonodaja se je skozi čas spreminjala in skladno s tem tudi načini njihovega zaposlovanja. Z ozirom na to, da gre za depriviligirano skupino ljudi, sprememba zakonodaje ne nujno vpliva na izboljšane možnosti zaposlitve, saj je ta proces dostikrat podvržen diskriminaciji. Namen diplomskega dela je proučiti poznavanje in metode pri vključevanju oseb z invalidnostjo na trg dela v Sloveniji in Nemčiji. Cilj diplomskega dela je pregled literature, znanstvenih člankov, ki se nanašajo na izbrano temo. Osebe z invalidnostjo so tiste, ki so zaradi svojih posebnosti pogostokrat odrinjene na rob družbenega življenja. Čeprav imajo osebe z invalidnostjo kar nekaj pravic, se dogaja, da so njihove pravice pogostokrat kršene ali celo spregledane. Te osebe so precej bolj izpostavljene diskriminaciji na vseh področjih svojega življenja. Posledice zaradi diskriminacije imajo za vse osebe lahko negativne učinke, ki lahko vodijo tudi v smrt. Tudi takrat, ko osebe z invalidnostjo iščejo zaposlitev, se zgodi, da delodajalci raje zaposlijo zdravo osebo, saj imajo zato manj skrbi in obveznosti. Tako v Sloveniji kot tudi v Nemčiji so osebe z invalidnostjo precej izpostavljene brezposelnosti in prejemajo nižje prihodke kot ostali. Po navadi so take osebe razporejene na delovna mesta, ki jih ljudje dojemajo kot manj vredna in so tudi slabše plačana. Zato da bi osebam z invalidnostjo omogočili lažje in hitrejše zaposlovanje, države izvajajo različne ukrepe za hitrejše zaposlovanje in ponujajo delodajalcem različne olajšave in spodbude, če zaposlijo osebo z invalidnostjo. Država pomaga delodajalcem pri stroških prilagoditve delovnega prostora, da delavec lažje in učinkoviteje opravi delo, kar je cilj vsakega delodajalca. V diplomskem delu smo ugotovili, da so v Nemčiji uspešnejši pri zaposlovanju oseb z invalidnostjo kot v Sloveniji. This bachelors thesis focuses on the issues of integrating people with disabilities into the labour market. In accordance with the modification of the legislation, the ways of employing this group of people have also changed. Considering the fact that these individuals fall into the underpriviliged group, modifying the legislation does not necessarily aid the process of employment, as the latter is often subject to discrimination. The purpose of this bacherlor's thesis is studying and examining the methdos of integrating people with disabilities into the labour market of Slovenia and Germany. The aim of this thesis is to present an overview of literature and scientific articles pertaining to the subject. It is people with disabilities who are the most often subject to social marginalisation due to their special characteristics. In spite of the many rights disabled people have, it frequently occurs that they are violated or not even taken into account causing individuals to become even more exposed to discrimination in all areas of their lives. The consequences of discrimination can have negative effects on people which may result in death. When disabled people look for jobs, employers often prefer to hire a healthy individual as they have less concerns and obligations. As is the case in Slovenia, disabled people in Germany also suffer from unemployment and compared to other people receive lower income. They are given positions perceived as worth less and consequently less paid. In order to ensure easier and faster employment of disabled people, countries have been implementing measures offering the employers various reliefs and incentives should they hire a disabled person. The country supports employers in dealing with the costs of adapting their working space so that the employees work more easily and efficiently, which is the goal of every employer. It has been found out that Germany is more successful in employing people with disabilities compared to Slovenia.

Socialna omrežja niso razširjena le v zasebni sferi posameznikov, temveč so vpeta tudi v profesionalno življenje. Poleg fizičnih oseb jih uporabljajo tudi pravne. Večinoma v trženjske namene, vendar se uporaba socialnih omrežij pri zaposlovanju povečuje. Cilj diplomskega dela je umestitev uporabe socialnih omrežij v vse faze delovnega razmerja, hkrati pa raziskati pozitivne in negativne posledice, ki jih uporaba prinese. V fazi sklenitve jih lahko delodajalec uporabi pri iskanju ustreznega kadra za zaposlitev ali pa za preverjanje potencialnega kandidata za zaposlitev. V času trajanja delovnega razmerja lahko socialna omrežja služijo kot interni kanal komuniciranja, lahko pa prinašajo negativni vidik zasebne uporabe med delovnim časom, posledično pa se delodajalec na to odzove s povečanjem nadzora na delovnem mestu. V skrajnih primerih pa lahko uporaba socialnih omrežij pripelje tudi do prenehanja delovnega razmerja, predvsem v primerih neprimernih objav zaposlenih in posledično škode, ki jo naredijo delodajalcu. V vseh fazah delovnega razmerja uporaba socialnih omrežij odpira tudi vprašanje kršenja zasebnosti potencialnega ali že zaposlenega delavca. Različne zakonodaje se med seboj precej razlikujejo, zato primerjam dva nasprotujoča si pristopa glede nadzora na delovnem mestu, in sicer v EU in ZDA. Glavna razlika med njima je, da je delavec v EU zaščiten bolj kot delodajalec, v ZDA pa je delodajalec zaščiten bolj kot delavec. Social networks are not spread only in individual’s personal sphere, but are also a part of one’s professional life. They can be used by natural and legal persons. They are mainly used for marketing purposes, but the use of social networks in employment process is increasing. The objective of the graduation thesis is to place social networks in all phases of employment relationship, while also researching positive and negative consequences the use of networks causes. In the phase of contract conclusion, employer uses social networks in looking for a proper personnel or checking potential candidate. In the period of employment relationship, social networks can represent an internal communication channel, but they can also bring up negative aspect of personal use during working hours and consequently leading to increased level of control by the employer. In severe cases, use of social networks can lead to termination of employment relationship. This mainly happens in cases of inappropriate posts by employees and consequently the damage that such posts cause to employer. In all phases of employment relationship, use of social networks also opens the question of violation of privacy of the potential or hired employee. Various legislations significantly differ among themselves. Therefore, I compare two opposite approaches regarding control in the workplace, namely in the EU and the USA. The main difference among them is the fact that worker in the EU is protected more than employer and vice versa in the USA where employer is protected more than worker.

Živimo v 21. stoletju, ki naj bi ga zaznamovala vsesplošna enakopravnost, tudi na področju zaposlovanja. Žal temu ni tako, saj neenakosti med spoloma na trgu dela še vedno obstajajo. Razloge gre iskati v preteklosti, ko so ženske veljale za manjvredno in »slabo« delovno silo, ki jim je družba določila vlogo matere, gospodinje in šibkejšega spola. Stereotipne predstave o ženskah so se ohranile vse do danes, saj je obravnava žensk na trgu dela še vedno drugačna kot pri moških. Ženske, predvsem mlade, se namreč srečujejo z diskriminacijo v obliki »manjvredne« obravnave pri zaposlovanju, plačilu in napredovanju na delovnem mestu ter zapostavljenosti nasploh. Magistrsko delo obsega dva dela. V teoretičnem delu opredeljujemo sodobne razmere na trgu dela za »zapostavljene« skupine, tj. mlade, ženske in predvsem mlade ženske. Dotaknemo se področja prehoda iz izobraževanja v zaposlitev, položaja žensk v službi in razlogov za večjo brezposelnost žensk v primerjavi z moškimi. Poglavje sklenemo s predstavitvijo, kako se s problematiko zaposlovanja mladih žensk soočamo v Sloveniji. V raziskovalnem delu veljavnost teoretičnih spoznanj preverjamo konkretno v občini Lukovica. Zanimiva je namreč zaradi velikega deleža mladih žensk, ki so v primerjavi z ženskami na splošno zaradi mladosti še v nekoliko slabšem položaju. S preverjanjem veljavnosti zastavljenih hipotez in z iskanjem odgovorov na raziskovalna vprašanja preučujemo vpliv trajanja iskanja zaposlitve, smeri študija ter vez in poznanstev na prvo zaposlitev ter presojamo, ali je prvo zaposlitev lažje dobiti v zasebnem sektorju ali morda v javnem. Razpravljamo o vplivu izobrazbe na prvo zaposlitev, položaju mladih žensk pri iskanju prve zaposlitve in v času prve zaposlitve ter o najpogostejših razlogih za njeno prekinitev. Naše ugotovitve na primeru mladih žensk v občini Lukovica primerjamo z objavljenimi izsledki avtorjev, ki so raziskovali omenjeno problematiko. We live in the 21. century where everyone is supposed to be equal and have equal employment opportunities, but many times this is not the case. Gender inequalities are still present in the labor market. The reasons for this lie in the past, where women were considered inferior and were not treated as a good workforce. The society attributed them to the roles of mothers, housewives and weaker sex. These stereotypical perceptions, however, have to some extent persisted to this day, as the female gender is still treated differently. As a result, women, and especially younger females, face discrimination in employment, pay, promotion, and the like and are generally disadvantaged in the labor market. In the theoretical part, we define the contemporary labor market for young people, women as well as for specifically young women, where we touch on the field of transition from education to employment, the position at work and the reasons for higher unemployment in comparison with the male gender. At the end, we answer the question of how Slovenia deals with the problem of employing young women. In the research part, we focus on the area of the municipality of Lukovica, as it is interesting in terms of the large proportion of young women who often deviate from the average position of other representatives in the labor market. Using hypotheses, we want to disprove or validate the theses about how the search time, course of study and connections or acquaintances influence the acquirement of the first job, as well as whether it is easier to obtain the first job in the private sector. Finally, we answer research questions about the impact of education on first employment, the position of young women in finding their first job, as well as their position in their first job, and the most common reasons for terminating their work relationship. Responses from the municipality of Lukovica are compared with the findings of other authors who have investigated this topic.

V magistrski nalogi obravnavam problematiko zaposlovanja oseb z izkušnjo prestajanja kazni zapora. Delo v teoretičnem delu predstavlja rezultate nekaj predvsem tujih raziskav na omenjenem področju, hkrati pa opozarja na pomanjkanje novejših in predvsem domačih raziskav na področju tako postpenalne obravnave kot tudi zaposlovanja oseb po odpustu iz zavoda za prestajanje kazni zapora. V teoretičnem delu je predstavljena tudi zakonska podlaga zaposlovanja ranljivih skupin, konkretneje oseb z izkušnjo prestajanja kazni zapora, podani pa so tudi primeri dobrih praks, predvsem iz tujine. Veliko raziskav na tem področju se namreč izvaja oziroma se je izvajalo v Severni in Južni Ameriki. Ker je raziskav še toliko manj na področju žensk z izkušnjo prestajanja kazni zapora, se delo nanaša le na žensko populacijo, saj se tako domače kot tudi tuje raziskave večinoma nanašajo le na splošno na osebe z izkušnjo prestajanja kazni zapora ali le na moško populacijo. V drugem, torej empiričnem delu pa predstavim rezultate raziskave. S pomočjo intervjujev z ženskami z izkušnjo prestajanja kazni zapora želim osvetliti problem iskanja oziroma pridobivanja zaposlitve po odhodu na svobodo. Poleg stigme »bivše obsojenke« se kot oteževalni dejavniki pri iskanju dela pojavljajo tudi starost ženske ob odpustu, stopnja izobrazbe in podobno. Ker me je omenjena problematika hkrati zanimala z več zornih kotov (tudi zakonsko) in nisem želela predstavljati le ene plati omenjene problematike, sem informacije poskušala pridobiti tudi od zaposlenih na centrih za socialno delo, od zaposlenih na Zavodu RS za zaposlovanje, od Uprave RS za probacijo ter od Uprave RS za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij. In my master's thesis I deal with the issue of employment of people after their release from incarceration. The theoretical part presents the results of other research, mainly foreign, and at the same time points out the lack of recent and domestic research in the field of both post-penal treatment and employment of people after release from prison. The theoretical part also presents the legal basis for the employment of vulnerable groups, specifically people with experience of serving a prison sentence, it also gives examples of good practices, mostly from other countries like North and South America. This work solely focuses on women after their release, because most research in this field deals with the general or male population. The second, i.e. empirical part, presents the results of my research. Interviews of women with experience serving a prison sentence, shed light on the problem of finding or obtaining a job after release. In addition, the stigma of the "former convict", the age of the women at the time of release, the level of education, and such, also appear as aggravating factors in finding employment. Looking at the issue from multiple angles, I tried to obtain information from employees at social work centers, the Employment Service of Slovenia, from the Probation Administration of the Republic of Slovenia and from the Prison Administration of the Republic of Slovenia.

Upokojenci imajo možnost vstopa na trg dela. Glavni namen magistrskega dela je predstavitev delovnopravnega položaja upokojencev pri ponovnem vstopu na trg dela. Razlog za pisanje dela je slovenska problematika, zlasti zaradi hkratnega uživanja pravice do pokojnine in dela upokojencev. V tujini je namreč kumulacija dela in prejemanja pokojnine v načelu dovoljena, Slovenija uvaja mnoge omejitve. S pregledom domače in tuje literature smo predstavili in ovrednotili ureditev področja dela upokojencev v Sloveniji in v Italiji, Nemčiji, na Finskem in Nizozemskem ter opredelili glavne razlike med njimi. Z obravnavano temo podajamo različne oblike in pravne možnosti dela upokojencev ter njihov vpliv na višino pokojnine in finančno-davčni vidik teh oblik dela. Ugotavljamo, da je sistem dela upokojencev s hkratnim izplačevanjem pokojnine v bistvenem podoben v vseh štirih analiziranih državah, pri čemer je za prejemnike pokojnin najugodnejši sistem na Nizozemskem. Omejitve se z izjemo Nizozemske nanašajo na določene skupine upokojencev, med katerimi so najpogosteje navedeni prejemniki predčasne in invalidske pokojnine. Ravno nasprotno pa v slovenskem sistemu hkratno prejemanje pokojnine in opravljanje dela v načelu ni dovoljeno, kljub temu da zakonska ureditev dopušča nekatere izjeme. Glede na ugotovljeno je glavno odprto vprašanje ustreznost slovenskega sistema glede na trenutni trend staranja prebivalstva. V obravnavanih štirih državah smo namreč prepoznali mnoge pozitivne vplive, ki jih prinašajo različne možnosti dela upokojencev, čemur bi bilo smotrno slediti tudi pri nas. Zakonodajalec naj v prihodnje pretehta prednosti, ki jih prinaša splošna kumulacija dela in izplačevanja pokojnin celotni slovenski populaciji, in negativne vidike, na katerih je utemeljena trenutna zakonska ureditev. Retirees have the opportunity to enter the labour market. The main purpose of the master's thesis is to present the employment status of retirees in re-entering the labour market. The reason for writing the paper is the Slovenian issue, especially due to the simultaneous enjoyment of the right to a pension and the work of retirees. Namely, the cumulation of work and receiving a pension is allowed in principle abroad, but Slovenia introduces many restrictions. By reviewing domestic and foreign literature, we presented and evaluated the regulation of the field of work of retirees in Slovenia and Italy, Germany, Finland and the Netherlands, and identified the main differences between them. With the discussed topic, we present various forms and legal possibilities of work for pensioners and their impact on the amount of pension and the financial and tax aspect of these forms of work. We find that the system of work of retirees with the simultaneous payment of a pension is essentially similar in all four analysed countries, with the most favourable system for pension recipients in the Netherlands. With the exception of the Netherlands, the restrictions apply to certain groups of retirees, most often the recipients of early pensions and invalidity pensions. On the contrary, in the Slovenian system, the simultaneous receipt of a pension and the performance of work is in principle not permitted, despite the fact that the legislation allows for some exceptions. According to the findings, the main open question is the adequacy of the Slovenian system in relation to the current trend of population aging. Namely, in the four countries in question, we recognized many positive influences brought by various employment opportunities for retirees, which should be followed in our country as well. In the future, the legislator should consider the advantages brought by the general cumulation of work and the payment of pensions to the entire Slovenian population, and the negative aspects on which the current legal regulation is based.

V doktorski disertaciji ugotavljamo perspektivo novega srednje strokovnega izobraževalnega programa 'naravovarstveni tehnik' z vidika družbenih potreb kot tudi z vidika zaposlitvenih možnosti. Raziskovalno delo obsega tri dele. V prvem delu odgovarjamo na raziskovalna vprašanja - katere poklicne profile s področja varstva narave potrebujemo katere delovne naloge, aktivnosti naj bi dijaki, ki zaključijo program naravovarstveni tehnik izvajali ter katere so tiste generične in poklicno specifične kompetence, ki so nujno potrebne za uspešno usposobljenost za delo na področju varstva narave. V drugem delu ugotavljamo, katere izmed teh generičnih in poklicno specifičnih kompetenc so dijaki prve generacije (2008/09-2011/12) v programu naravovarstveni tehnik razvijali in urili pri praktičnem pouku in praktičnem usposabljanju z delom (PUD). V prvem delu kvalitativne raziskave ugotavljamo, da naravovarstvena stroka prepoznava družbene potrebe po poklicno strokovnih profilih s področja varstva narave, in sicer ugotavljamo, da se potrebe kažejo na področju naravovarstvenega nadzora, ki je trenutno v Sloveniji v nezadovoljivem položaju, po negovalcih in vzdrževalcih naravne in kulturne krajine ter parkovne infrastrukture in po interpretatorjih, informatorjih in naravovarstvenih vodnikih znotraj zavarovanih območij. Vendar naravovarstvena stroka izpostavlja, da je kljub družbenim potrebam po poklicnih profilih s področja varstva narave zaposlitvenih možnosti na tem področju malo. Model generičnih in poklicno specifičnih kompetenc obsega za poklicno strokovni profil znanja in veščine za spremljanje stanja neposredno na terenu in naravovarstveni nadzor ter obnovo, nego in vzdrževanje naravne in kulturne krajine ter parkovne infrastrukture. V kvantitativni raziskavi med dijaki prve generacije izobraževanja v programu naravovarstveni tehnik ugotavljamo, da dijaki niso razvijali in urili vrste generičnih in poklicno specifičnih kompetenc, ki jih je naravovarstvena stroka definirala za pomembne. V tretjem delu preučujemo uporabo različnih učnih metod med učitelji praktičnega pouka in ugotavljamo, da je spodbudno to, da učitelji praktičnega pouka uporabljajo raznovrstne učne metode in oblike dela, ki prispevajo k učinkovitejšemu razvijanju generičnih in poklicno specifičnih kompetenc. This doctoral dissertation discusses the prospects of a new vocational education programme, awarding the title "Nature Conservation Technician" (2008/09), in terms of societal needs for specific professional profiles in the field of nature conservation as well as in terms of employment opportunities. This research work includes three sets of empirical surveys. One set is designed to answer research questions, such as: Which professional profiles in the field of nature conservation do we need?, What kind of activities, tasks and processes should such professionals be able to perform? and Which generic and occupationally specific competencies are necessary for successful working the field of nature conservation? The other set answers the question, Which of such generic and professional competencies have students been developing and practising in the Nature Conservation programme? The qualitative research part finds that the profession recognizes the societal needs for vocational and professional profiles in the field of nature conservation. It further finds that such needs are apparent in the field of nature conservation supervision, which is currently underdeveloped in Slovenia, in the field of natural and cultural landscape and park infrastructure care and maintenance, and finally in the area of interpretation, provision of information and guidance in protected areas. However, experts also emphasize that despite the societal needs for professionals in the field of nature conservation there are few employment opportunities directly in this field. The model of occupationally specific competencies includes field monitoring and supervision, and restoration, care and maintenance of natural and cultural landscapes and park infrastructure. Quantitative research, which was carried out among the first generation of the Nature Conservation programme students (2008/09-2011/12), has shown insufficient training in and development of occupationally specific competencies which the experts have defined as important. The third part studies the usage of different teaching methods among practical instruction teachers. The encouraging finding, however, is that practical instruction teachers are using various teaching methods and forms of work, which contribute to more efficient development of generic and occupationally specific competencies.

Za izboljšanje gospodarskega in družbenega napredka ter za blažitev posledic krize je Evropska komisija v letu 2010 sprejela strategijo Evropa 2020. Za merjenje napredka pri uresničevanju strategije je zastavljenih pet ciljev. Ker se strategija počasi končuje, se vse bolj postavlja vprašanje, koliko je Sloveniji uspelo doseči zastavljene cilje. Delo predstavlja vmesno evalvacijo stanja in temelji predvsem na uporabi treh metod: metoda analize, komparativna metoda in metoda kompilacije. Glavni namen teh metod je omogočiti temeljito predstavo stanja ciljnih področij strategije v Sloveniji. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je Slovenija kljub slabšim kazalnikom med letoma 2008 in 2013 na dobri poti, da doseže cilj zaposlenosti. Pri izpolnjevanju cilja izdatkov za raziskave in razvoj ter inovacije se v zadnjih letih vse bolj oddaljuje od zastavljenega cilja. Količina emisij toplogrednih plinov v okviru odločbe o delitvi truda ostaja v okviru zastavljenega cilja, prav tako izpolnjuje cilj energetske učinkovitosti. Na področju obnovljivih virov energije se kljub začetnemu optimističnemu trendu počasi oddaljuje od zastavljenega cilja. Slovenija je že izpolnila oba cilja izobraževanja. Prav tako se od leta 2014 približuje cilju na področju revščine in socialne izključenosti. Ob primerjavi Slovenije z izbranimi državami članicami je Slovenija večinoma uspešnejša. Delo kot celota obsežno predstavi stanje na različnih pomembnih področjih v Sloveniji in bi zato lahko koristilo stroki z vidika dobre prakse ali za pripravljanje ukrepov izboljšanja stanja. Laični javnosti lahko pomaga za splošno predstavo stanja v Sloveniji. Zaradi neuspeha nekaterih ciljev strategije je delo dober začetek za nadaljnjo in bolj poglobljeno analizo teh ugotovitev. To improve economic and social development and to soften the effects of the economic crisis, in 2010 the European Commission enacted the Europe 2020 strategy. For the measurement of the strategy implementation, five targets have been set. As the strategy is slowly coming to its final stages, questions, whether Slovenia achieved the set targets, are arising. The thesis represents an intermediate evaluation of the state and is based mainly on the use of three methods: analysis method, comparative method and compilation method. The main purpose of these methods is to enable a thorough presentation of the state of the target fields of the strategy in Slovenia. It has been established that Slovenia is, even though its parameters between the years 2008 and 2013 have not been good, on the path of meeting the set target regarding employment. The last few years the target set for R&D and innovation seems to be out of reach. The greenhouse gas emissions set in the mutual effort decision seems to be achievable as is the target set on energy efficiency. The target set on renewable energy sources, contrary to its initial progress, seems to be out of reach. Slovenia has already met both targets set in the field of education. Since 2014 it is also achieving the target on poverty and social exclusion. By comparing Slovenia to selected member states, Slovenia has indeed been more successful. This Master thesis thoroughly presents different important fields in Slovenia and could as such help experts in the aspect of good practice or as a tool for designing improvement activities. It could help lay public to get a general perspective on the state of the matter in Slovenia. Because some targets of the strategy have not been achieved, the thesis is a good start of a further and more in-depth analysis of these findings.

Etika podjetja predstavlja temelj uspešnosti sodobnih podjetja. Visoki etični standardi podjetja lahko prispevajo k izboljšanju delovnega interesa zaposlenih, zaposleni pa so tudi bolj ustvarjalni, saj delajo v okolju zaupanja, odgovornega vedenja in visokih ambicij. V današnji družbi je etično ravnanje podjetja že pričakovano. Podjetje, ki ne ravna v skladu s temi pričakovanji, zakoni ter moralnimi normami so lahko deležna zavrnitve okolja. Zakoni so prvo vodilo za etično ravnanje, vendar samo delovanje v skladu z normativnimi pravili še ne predstavlja etičnosti. Etične odločitve so posledica izbire posameznika, ko odločitev predstavlja pravo, a pogosto tudi težjo rešitev za dosego želenega cilja. Pomemben dejavnik zagotavljanja visokih etičnih standardov podjetja predstavlja tudi selekcijski postopek izbire potencialnih novo zaposlenih v organizaciji. Managerji so soočeni z dilemo, kako izbrati posameznike, katerih etični standardi so čimbolj primerljivi z organizacijskimi. Soočajo se tudi z etičnimi dilemami in problemi pri zaposlovanju ranljivih skupin, saj delodajalec ne sme diskriminirati nobenega potencialnega kandidata na podlagi njegovih osebnih značilnosti. Magistrsko delo bralca seznani z razsežnostjo problematike etičnosti zaposlovanja. Delo smo razdelili na teoretični in empirični del. Teoretični del predstavlja odnos med človekom in etiko. Predstavljeni in opredeljeni so osnovni pojmi etike, morale ter poslovne etike. V nadaljevanju opisujemo razmerje med poslovno etiko ter zakonskim okvirjem, etično delovanje in odločanje managerjev ter etične dileme, s katerimi se managerji soočajo na področju zaposlovanja. Sledi poglavje o diskriminaciji pri zaposlovanju, kjer najprej opredeljujemo pojem ter oblike diskriminacije. Opisujemo začetke boja proti diskriminaciji ter ranljive skupine, ki so pri zaposlovanju največkrat diskriminirane. Teoretični del naloge zaključujemo z opisom pravne ureditve področja, tako nacionalne kot mednarodne. Empirični del magistrske naloge predstavlja najpogostejše oblike diskriminacije ter sodno prakso primerov diskriminacije pri zaposlovanju. Diskriminacija na omenjenem področju se kljub ustrezni regulaciji še vedno pojavlja, ranljive skupine so zaradi ekonomskega vidika, stereotipov in predsodkov posameznikov še vedno prepuščene etičnim oz. neetičnim odločitvam managerjev. Company ethics are the cornerstone of a company’s performance in all areas. The high ethical standards of the company increase the work zeal of the employees, and the employees are more creative as they work in an environment of trust, responsible behaviour and high ambitions. In today's society, the ethical behaviour of the company is already anticipated. A company that does not live up to these expectations, laws, and moral norms may receive environmental denunciation. Laws are the first guide to ethical conduct, but acting in accordance with normative rules alone does not constitute ethics. Ethical decisions are the result of the choice of the individual when the decision represents the right but often more difficult solution to achieve the desired goal. Attention for high ethical standards begins with the selection process of choosing potential new employees in the organization. Managers face the difficult task of choosing individuals whose ethical standards are as comparable to organizational ones as possible. They also face ethical dilemmas and difficulties in the employment of vulnerable groups, as the employer must not discriminate against any potential candidate on the basis of his or her personal characteristics. This master’s thesis acquaints the reader with the magnitude of the mentioned problem. The work was divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part embodies the relationship between man and ethics. The concepts of ethics, morality and business ethics are presented and defined. The following describes the relationship between business ethics and the legal framework, the ethical performance and decision making of managers, and the ethical dilemmas that managers face in hiring. The subsequent part is a section on employment discrimination, where we first define the concept and forms of discrimination. We describe the beginnings of the fight against discrimination and the vulnerable groups most often discriminated against in employment. We conclude the theoretical part of the thesis by describing the legal regulation of the field, both national and international. The empirical part of the master's thesis characterizes the most common forms of discrimination and case-law of employment discrimination cases. Despite appropriate regulation, discrimination in this area is still occurring and vulnerable groups are still left to the ethical or unethical decisions of managers due to the economic aspect, stereotypes and prejudices of individuals.

Iz literature lahko razberemo veliko podatkov o zaposlovanju, manj pa o zaposlovanju oseb s kroničnimi boleznimi, še manj pa o zaposlovanju oseb s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1. Sladkorna bolezen je ena najbolj razširjenih kroničnih bolezni, njena pogostnost pa je iz leta v leto večja, zato se z njo srečujemo že vsakodnevno. V magistrskem delu smo se usmerili na raziskovanje zaposlovanja oseb s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1. Dosedanje raziskave kažejo, da je sladkorna bolezen tipa 1 povezana z nižjo kakovostjo življenja, povezano z zdravjem, večjo brezposelnostjo in dodatno bolniško odsotnostjo. Negativna povezanost je bolj izrazita pri ženskah in starejših odraslih. Večina delavcev s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1 pa deluje enako kot osebe brez te bolezni. Za izvedbo mednarodne primerjave smo izbrali Republiko Finsko, saj je to država, kjer je incidenca sladkorne bolezni tipa 1 najvišja. Ugotovili smo, da posamezniki, ki imajo sladkorno bolezen tipa 1, niso zaznavali več ovir pri pridobivanju zaposlitve kot osebe brez sladkorne bolezni tipa 1. Zaposleni s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1 v Republiki Sloveniji in v Republiki Finski poročata o enaki izpostavljenosti stresu na delovnem mestu. Skupina oseb s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1 je v povprečju dlje časa na bolniški odsotnosti, sta pa s trenutnim zdravstvenim stanjem obe skupini enako zadovoljni. Prav tako enako ocenjujeta delovno zadovoljstvo.Pridobljeni rezultati so lahko izhodišče za različna nadaljnja raziskovanja. Ker je še vedno veliko nevednosti o tej bolezni med delodajalci, lahko magistrsko delo prispeva k večjemu razumevanju same bolezni pri delodajalcih in drugih deležnikih. According to various literatures, you can gather a lot of information on employment, less information on employment of persons with chronic diseases, and even less on employment of persons with Diabetes type 1. Diabetes is one of the most widespread chronic diseases its incidence is growing from year to year, so we encounter it every day. In the master’s thesis, we focused on exploration of the employment of persons with Diabetes type 1. Existing research shows, that Diabetes type 1 is linked to a lower quality of life related to health, higher unemployment and additional sick leave. Negative connectivity is more pronounced in women and older adults. Most employees with Diabetes type 1 work the same as people without this disease. To carry out international comparison we have selected the Republic of Finland, as this is a country where the incidence of Diabetes type 1 is the highest. We found, that individuals with Diabetes type 1 did not perceive any more obstacles of obtaining employment as persons without Diabetes type 1. Employees with Diabetes type 1 in the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Finland reported equal exposure to stress in the workplace. On average, the group of people with Diabetes type 1 have longer sick leaves. Both groups also report equal satisfaction with the current health status and both equally evaluate work satisfaction. The obtained results can be the starting point for various further researches. Due to the lack of suitable knowledge and a lot of ignorance about this disease among employers, the master's thesis can contribute to a greater understanding of the disease itself with employers and others.

Socialno podjetništvo je novejši koncept gospodarstva, ki se hitro razvija. Poleg avtonomnega, demokratičnega, k skupnosti in trajnostnemu razvoju naravnanega delovanja, naslavlja tudi problem izobraževanja in zaposlovanja ranljivih skupin. Z različnimi vrstami izobraževanja in usposabljanja odpira najranljivejšemu delu populacije možnost uspešnejšega prehoda na trg dela. S svojo raziskavo želim ugotoviti, če socialno podjetništvo zvišuje integracijo ranljivih skupin na trgu dela in kako ter kaj je za to ključno. Vprašanje, ki bo prav tako aktualno je tudi, zakaj je socialno podjetništvo ena od možnih rešitev za reševanje problematike izobraževanja in zaposlovanja ranljivih skupin ter njihovega prehoda na trg dela. V empiričnem delu je analiza polstrukturiranih intervjujev pripeljala do teh ugotovitev: socialno podjetništvo zvišuje integracijo na trgu dela s pridobivanjem in nadgradnjo kompetenc med delom, s spodbudnim okoljem ter dodatnim izobraževanjem. Pri tem se krepi tudi socialna varnost, finančna samostojnost, nastopa socialno mreženje, možnost prostovoljnega dela in sklepanje pogodb za nedoločen delovni čas. Ključno za uspešno integracijo je ranljivim skupinam dati priložnost, ustrezno mentorstvo in plačo, za to pa je potrebna podpora države. Socialna podjetja so primerna za izobraževanje in zaposlovanje ranljivih skupin zaradi svoje pravno-formalne strukture, namembnosti in načina delovanja, nudijo pa tudi primerno okolje za strokovno ter osebnostno rast. Za uspešnejšo integracijo ranljivih skupin na trg dela bi socialna podjetja morala zmanjšati birokratsko proceduro in se med seboj povezovati, potrebnega pa je tudi več ozaveščanja o njihovem delovanju. Social entrepreneurship is a new concept that is rapidly evolving. It is an autonomous and democratic system which focuses on community and sustainability. Additionally, it addresses the problems of education and employment of vulnerable groups. Through the various types of schooling and training, it opens up the possibility of a successful transition to the labour market of the most vulnerable groups. The research aims to determine if or how social enterprises increase the integration of vulnerable groups into the labour market and which factors play a key role in this integration. Another issue that is going to be addressed is why social entrepreneurship is one of the possible solutions to the problem of education and employment of vulnerable groups and their transition to the labour market. In the empirical section, the analysis of semi-structured interviews led to the following findings: social entrepreneurship is increasing the integration of vulnerable groups into the labour market by gaining and upgrading skills during the work. Also, an encouraging environment with a regular work schedule and additional teaching has a positive effect. Other important aspects are social security, financial independence, social networking and the possibility of doing voluntary work, as well as the option of permanent employment. The key to successful integration is giving the vulnerable groups an opportunity as well as providing appropriate mentorship and a subsidised salary. Social enterprises are a suitable solution for the education and employment of vulnerable groups because of their formal legal structure and means of operation. They offer an appropriate environment for professional and personal growth. Social enterprises should strive to decrease bureaucracy and cooperate to achieve greater success in the integration of vulnerable groups into the labour market. There should also be increased awareness about how they operate.