Search

Notoriety is one of the first criteria that strategies for an organization's institutional reputation need to meet in order to achieve a positive image with the public and, consequently, revert this capital to the fulfillment of its organizational objectives. The aim of this article is to present a proposal for a specific communication strategy to reverse the low level of notoriety of the Comunidade Intermunicipal das Beiras e Serra da Estrela (CIMBSE), based on the results of a content analysis carried out based on online news from media based in the 15 municipalities that make up the territory in question. The results indicate that the activities of the "Cultural Heritage" axis of action are, among the others, the most likely to make the messages reach the largest number of stakeholders with the possibility of producing brand memory in these audiences in line with favorable associations -- fundamental factor for notoriety to be associated with a positive institutional image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Anagramas is the property of Editorial Universidad de Medellin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En la última década las organizaciones han sido conscientes de cómo la confianza de la sociedad hacia ellas ha mermado a causa de comportamientos poco éticos y escándalos relacionados con la corrupción. Este trabajo se centra en el uso de la comunicación por el museo como institución histórica y de encuentro de comunidades. El objetivo de esta investigación es el de ahondar en la perspectiva relacional de la comunicación corporativa y, de manera específica, en su poder regenerador de confianza y creador de comunidad. La hipótesis establece que, debido al descrédito en las instituciones, los museos han decidido convertir la comunicación corporativa y, en concreto, las relaciones públicas, en una herramienta estratégica para relacionarse con sus stakeholders y mostrarse como lugares de encuentro multicultural. La investigación se basa en una revisión bibliográfica y una metodología cualitativa a través de entrevistas en profundidad a responsables de comunicación de los principales museos españoles madrileños, catalanes y vascos con un mayor número de visitantes en los últimos cinco años. Los resultados muestran que la comunicación se convierte en un elemento estratégico fundamental para que los museos refuercen lazos con sus grupos de interés y generen espacios de diálogo e inclusión entre comunidades minoritarias.

Este estudio explora cómo las instituciones de salud (es decir, los hospitales) se comunican a través de sus sitios web corporativos para transmitir confiabilidad y credibilidad a fin de establecer relaciones con los usuarios en el campo de los viajes médicos. Los 10 hospitales de turismo médico líderes en el mundo han sido seleccionados en base a la clasificación del International Medical Travel Quality Alliance (2019) y su comunicación estratégica en línea analizada mediante la aplicación de la teoría del encuadre. Metodológicamente, se realizó un análisis de contenido tanto de los sitios web como de los subsitios que estaban dirigidos específicamente a turistas médicos. Concluimos que los hospitales se encuentran en una fase embrionaria en su modelo de gestión comunicativa con su público en el ámbito del turismo médico ya que desconocen el papel potencial de las relaciones públicas. El artículo proporciona información valiosa y útil para los profesionales del turismo y la comunicación en el área del turismo médico.

El interés científico por la comunicación institucional de las universidades es cada vez más notable. Sin embargo, no se identifican investigaciones bibliométricas publicadas en revistas indexadas en Scopus y WOS, que permitan conocer el desarrollo de la producción científica en el ámbito. Así, este trabajo pretende realizar un primer análisis de la producción científica sobre la comunicación institucional de las universidades durante los últimos 30 años. Mediante una metodología cuantitativa y descriptiva, se estudiaron cuatro aspectos: artículos, revistas, autores y contenido. Los hallazgos muestran un estado de crecimiento acelerado de este ámbito de estudio, a pesar de que aún está en una fase de consolidación.

La pandemia de COVID-19 cambió las rutinas profesionales en el sector de la comunicación. Ante una situación de confinamiento y prolongación de la crisis sanitaria en el tiempo, organizaciones y periodistas tuvieron que adaptarse a una nueva situación en la que la rueda de prensa online se convirtió en un recurso habitual. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el uso de este recurso por parte de los gabinetes de comunicación y la percepción de los periodistas en Andalucía. Para ello, se ha planteado un estudio descriptivo basado en una metodología cuantitativa cuya principal técnica ha sido la encuesta, contestada por 188 periodistas de todas las provincias andaluzas. Los resultados muestran que la rueda de prensa online es un recurso de gran utilidad tanto para las organizaciones como para los periodistas, aunque plantea ciertas preocupaciones para estos profesionales, especialmente en el acceso a las fuentes y la posibilidad de repreguntar.

La desinformación ha alcanzado en los últimos años un alto grado de profesionalización. Las campañas de Dark PR o Black PR, son un nivel avanzado de las campañas negativas y en ellas se ficciona la prescripción y la influencia, normalmente con ánimo de desprestigiar al adversario político o el competidor. Se propone en este trabajo una revisión sistemática sobre los resultados de búsqueda de los términos Black PR y Dark PR en Google y Google Scholar. Se pretende identificar en primer lugar las definiciones y orígenes de ambos conceptos, conocer las estrategias utilizadas en estos trabajos así como los casos de estudio que sirven para ejemplificar los mismos. Se observa que ambos términos son aún muy novedosos y son más empleados por medios de comunicación que por la literatura académica aunque presentan definiciones y usos comunes. Se recoge una tendencia creciente de prácticas de influencia negativa con numerosos ejemplos de astroturfing, campañas de desinformación y censura corporativa en distintos países. Esta circunstancia resulta problemática para el sector de las relaciones públicas pues difiere de los principios éticos de la profesión y obliga a quienes la ejercen a participar en prácticas poco honestas.

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The teaching of public relations faces the challenge of competency-based learning in a professional context characterised by the new challenges of the sector. In this context, we review the state of public relations teaching in Andalusian universities in order to determine its suitability in accordance with professional requirements. The methodology employed includes a documentary review of professional reports and a content analysis of the syllabuses, reviewing professional competencies, teaching methodologies and evaluation. To find out whether public relations training in Andalusia meets the needs of the professional sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La innovación social es reconocida por organismos multilaterales como una forma de hacer frente de modo creativo y colaborativo a demandas sociales que no son satisfechas, ni desde lo público ni desde lo privado. Este reto requiere de gestión relacional confiable entre actores con intereses diversos y a veces contrapuestos. En tal sentido, la función social de las relaciones públicas (RRPP) puede prestar un servicio importante para prevenir resistencias a los cambios sociales que entrañan los procesos de innovación. La literatura consultada muestra que las teorizaciones sobre innovación social, recomiendan cultivar capital relacional y las teorías y modelos de RRPP proveen de métodos y técnicas para alcanzar de modo confiable dicho capital. Se presenta una investigación documental y un caso de estudio basado en la investigación-acción-participativa que es la base de un protomodelo teórico de intervención de las RRPP confiables en procesos de innovación social. Es un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo con una metodología secuencial.

La perspectiva relacional de las relaciones públicas centra la atención de la comunicación organizacional en la gestión de las relaciones con la finalidad de que la organización pueda alcanzar sus metas y objetivos corporativos. Este trabajo trata de reflexionar sobre la incidencia de este enfoque sobre las indicaciones geográficas protegidas que, tuteladas por los consejos reguladores, disfrutan de una posición limítrofe privilegiada entre el sector productivo y los públicos de su entorno que permiten gestionar las relaciones organización-públicos clave, en pos de velar por la reputación del producto al que ampara.

The Royal Household is probably the highest institution of the State as a monarchical system. In this sense, it is worth questioning how these organizations have managed communication with their public of interest during a crisis such as the temporary period of pandemic and post-pandemic, where the World Economic Forum states that it is a time of restart where a great social and economic restart is necessary. The main objective of this work is to know the institutional behavior of the British and Spanish Royal Houses through their respective Twitter accounts to determine convergences, synergies, and communicative styles in the digital environment. All this looking for the keys to the strategic management of the relations of both institutions with their citizens. A quantitative methodological design was established, based on content analysis (Kripendorff's alpha coefficient=0.852) on a corpus of 2211 messages issued during 2021 by the official Twitter accounts @RoyalFamily (1025 tweets) and @CasaReal (1186 tweets). The results show a significant difference in the content broadcasted, the regularity of the frequency of tweets per hour of broadcast and the interaction, viralization and engagement rates of each of the accounts analyzed. These results show that Twitter is a powerful communication tool capable of seeking the mutual interest suggested by relationship postulates in periods of transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos.info is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The economic situation in Spain during the first half of the year 2022 was characterised by a rise in prices which had a major effect on fuel prices. Within the framework of crisis communication management, this article discusses the strategies followed by the main companies in the fuel sector on Twitter by using the content analysis method. The results show that silence was the main position adopted by these organizations. This reflects the absence of proactive crisis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TECHNO Review is the property of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper describes the skills required of commercial communication professionals. The method used was descriptive documentary content analysis and the document analysed dealt with job offers with employment contracts at ESIC Business & Marketing School for the second half of 2019. A total of 438 offers were analysed. The demand for hybrid profiles is confirmed and the prominence of digital, content, analysis, social networks, web, SEM/SEO, English C1, advanced Excel, proactivity, ability to communicate and results orientation is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is inspired by the famous works on social influence carried out by the illustrious Edward Bernays, focused on the persuasion of public opinion. Taking as a reference one of the author's multiple campaigns, the work raises the feasibility of obtaining equivalent results in the current communicative context, with the aim of determining the most appropriate techniques to achieve this purpose. The research has been segmented into a total of 3 phases, each designed to achieve a partial objective. Firstly, the 'state of public opinion regarding the use of cosmetics by men' is studied. Secondly, the plausibility of significantly influencing public opinion through communication campaigns. And in the last phase, the techniques employed have been shown to be the most appropriate in achieving this goal. The work deals with an object of study of capital relevance, since it provides a theoretical approach, as well as a practical application, to a crucial topic in the communicative field. The interest in deliberately impacting public opinion resides in the highest purposes of many entities, especially in a social and economic context where the general public has come to occupy the position of power. The document presents a structure designed to lead the reader through the different stages of the study. This journey begins with the research approach, where the author's motivations and objectives are presented. This is followed by the background, conceptualizations and approaches relevant to the theoretical framework. The practical process of the research is formulated in the methodology section, and finally, the results and conclusions reached are announced. In this way, the work proposes a hypothetical emulation of such a campaign, dealing with a current political topic, with the aim of studying which updated communicative techniques would be needed to influence public opinion in contemporary society. All in pursuit of obtaining a large-scale economic benefit. The study is intended to serve as a reference, a first approach to the topic, as well as a precedent for a possible large-scale review in the future. On the other hand, this paper studies those public relations techniques best suited to achieve a change in public opinion today, in the same way that Edward Bernays proved possible a century ago. Even so, the communication paradigm has undergone great changes since then, so that the feasibility of the goal, as well as the tools to achieve it, have required a revision. The study has been structured based on certain parallels related to the "Torches of Freedom" campaign, but focused on dismantling a social taboo that is still in force today: the use of cosmetic products by the male sector. The main objective has been to investigate those brakes based on social behaviours, which limit consumption and deprive companies specialized in the sector of a large potential target audience. Consequently, the work has verified the existence of this social taboo, validated the still existing capacity of communication campaigns to influence, and studied those cases that have proven to be successful in shaping public opinion. To conclude with the elaboration of a list of the most suitable techniques to succeed in this purpose, and finally to apply them in a brief approach to the selected topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The managerial function of communication and PR requires the use of a scientific method for decision-making that makes it possible to correctly define the starting problem of strategic programming through an effective diagnosis, establish the objective to be achieved and, subsequently, evaluate correctly the success achieved, taking into account that the final strategic objective is to establish relationships of trust with the publics. In this article we seek to identify the contents that form competencies and research capacities in strategic planning within the study plans of the own (unofficial) master's degrees directly linked to the function of communication management, offered in Spain during the 2019-2020, to determine if the graduates have been prepared, as future managers, to investigate properly. Matilla (2018) proposes a series of information and research techniques and methods -basic and applied- that should be worked on in the first stage of the strategic planning process and that will serve as a guide for the contents that should be worked on at the training level. Through content analysis, a total of 38 unofficial master's degrees were identified that met the first search requirements in the 2019-2020 academic year, of which, after carefully reading their subjects, competencies and professional opportunities, it was seen that only 13 were directly linked to the communication management function, both from an integrated department of an organization, as well as from agencies and consultancies. The final sample unit showed that the word "research" literally appeared in 7 subject titles of 6 different master's degrees. Likewise, the descriptions or contents of another 26 subjects included at least one concept linked to the initial stage of research, such as "audit", "diagnosis", "analysis" (psychosocial, of publics, of data, of insight, executive...), "measurement", "monitoring", "metrics", "evaluation", "audience map", "information search", "issues management", "research of futures", "interpretation of results" or "social trends". A third of the Spanish master's degrees directly linked to the function of communication management do not offer any type of training in strategic research, despite its importance at a professional level, and only half of them offer at least one specialized subject in research. There is no master's degree that literally includes all the necessary contents identified by Matilla (2018) to correctly carry out the first stage of research, although there are some universities that show a high interest in training professionals capable of empirical research. Reliable proof of this interest is the Carlos III University of Madrid, which offers more than 50% of its ECTS with some mention of research techniques, methods or typologies. In short, it can be seen that depending on the postgraduate training in question, future communication and PR professionals will be trained -or not- to conduct scientific research, so that a third of postgraduates will not have received specific training in strategic research and will not be able to acquire the research skills necessary to adequately exercise the management function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 copied the information content in the media and highlighted the need for responsible communication from all spheres of society to guarantee citizen security and maintain the trust and credibility of the authorities as sources of information. In a context of information multiplatforms, official communication focused on the rotation of public appearances and an increase in fake news, the need to be informed increases the use and consumption of media by citizens, while at the same time rigorous official communication is demanded by the agents in authority. This study aims to describe the relationship of the Guardia Civil with different audiences, as an active agent and formal prescriber during the pandemic based on three objectives: 1. To know the presence of the Civil Guard in the conventional and digital media during the pandemic; 2. To describe the treatment and approach of news about the Guardia Civil in the press during the pandemic; and 3. From the information about its stakeholders in the social responsibility reports, infer the relational role of the Guardia Civil with its audiences in the press news. To achieve the objectives, a mixed methodology with content analysis is used. First, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the strategic communication (media used and stakeholders) described in the Social Responsibility Reports of 2019 and 2020, and in the Sustainability Plan (2021-2025) of the Civil Guard is carried out. Second, based on the search for the keywords "Guardia Civil" and "COVID" in the two generalist newspapers with the largest coverage in Spain (El País and El Mundo), and throughout the six waves (from March 14, 2020 to December 31, 2021), a content analysis of the 198 resulting news items is performed (FACTIVA database). The analysis variables are: year, newspaper, focus, role of the CG in the communication, media treatment, formal agents and publics in the news and level of responsibility in their communicative behavior. The data indicate a segmentation of audiences in the Social Responsibility and Sustainability Plan reports that show a communication strategy based on a motivational relational behavior of the Civil Guard with its stakeholders, as opposed to a prescriptive presence of other official bodies or protagonist with a predominantly informative approach of the news in the media towards the general population. The only exception refers to the group of young people who appear associated with news about the intervention of the Guardia Civil for non-compliance with restrictions. Although the presence of the Guardia Civil in the media decreases in 2020, its strategy maintains -coinciding with several studies- the use of media that generate more trust in the population (traditional and digital) and, in addition, it registers an increase in followers on Twitter and TikTok. The news with informative approaches refer to restrictions, while the motivational ones focus on communicating measures to safeguard health. It is concluded that although its communicative strategy segments audiences, even in its profiles in social networks such as TikTok, it is still not a visible strategy in news about the Civil Guard in the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of women in all spheres of society has expanded exponentially throughout the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries: from nineteenth century suffragism to the entry of women into factories and public services, to modernity: when the ideas and consequences of feminism pervade popular culture and advertising and public relations firms. These have made a considerable leap from the days of pink marketing to the current moment, in which female audiences are seen as diversified as the most, while the perception of their needs and particularities is becoming more and more clear to women and scholars and professionals in the sector. In this sense, neuroscience has the potential to shed the same ray of light on this field as it does on other more minority or sectorally significant audiences. Making the full battery of considerations regarding inclusion, gender equality and emotional intelligence relevant. Not only at a social level, but also at a productive one: because the evidence we have indicates that the consideration of all these factors, when carried out in a calculated and effective way, will make communication more effective, more productive in regarding the specific objectives of Public Relations and Advertising as academic and labor disciplines. This inevitably leads to an understanding of the neurological differences between men and women, and careful planning to take advantage of these in team management and the organization of communication. The future of Public Relations lies in finding new audiences, and new and better ways to reach them. Being inevitable the integration of the same in the communication processes. For several decades now, society has detached itself from the male single market: supported by social achievements such as the entry of women into the world of work and giving them control of their own finances. After her, the gap has widened further with the progressive rupture of the bipolar gender sphere, and with the expansion of markets previously more limited by other social barriers such as age. In this article, the objective is to determine the existing relationships between public relations and the potential of neuroscience in the present context of increasing presence of women in all areas of society, communication, advertising, marketing and politics. The methodology is based on the search and consultation of scientific texts (monographs, academic articles, documentaries, among others), and descriptors related to public relations, communication strategies, the application of neuroscience and the development of the implication of the women in all these processes. A relevant research result is that the functioning of brain areas and the influence of neuroplasticity are still not known with certainty. An important fact if we take into account that attitude and gender differ even when market segmentation is carried out. It is concluded that inclusion in the area of public relations and communication is a logical consequence of the expansion of the female gender as a public: it encompasses half of the potential consumers of almost any product, and, therefore, it is essential to have with public relations teams capable of creating increasingly effective content in the task of achieving the objectives set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the academic and professional experience of the female lecturers who teach public relations subjects in Spanish universities. Specifically, it analyses the case of universities in Andalusia, both public and private, to assess their affinity and relevance to the contents of the curricula, and their work situation, an issue that has been little explored until now. The case of Andalusia represents the most populated region in Spain and concentrates a large part of the national offer of degree courses. In this context we pose the following questions: What is the academic-research profile of women lecturers teaching public relations in Andalusian universities? What is the situation of women compared to men in the academic field of public relations in Andalusia? We want to focus on the actors in the public relations teaching process and learn about the current situation in academia. From the theoretical point of view, this work proposes a triangulation of contents focused on public relations studies in the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), teaching practice and the situation of the teaching staff, with an emphasis on the role of women. From the methodological point of view, we want to achieve two specific objectives: to study the employment situation of public relations teachers in Andalusia, investigating the situation of women; and to determine how the teaching of public relations subjects is structured in the region. Using a descriptive methodology and through content analysis, three parameters were studied: lecturing, research, academic and professional experience. An analysis form has been designed to provide a description of the profile of each lecturer and of the public relations subjects selected, specifically we have reviewed: - Teaching: review of the modules guides of the public relations subjects taught in the selected degrees. We analysed: teaching team, coordination and number of teachers, gender, contractual relationship, number of subjects taught per teacher, type of subject (compulsory, core, optional), credit load and year. - Experience: professional and academic career, training, possession or not of a doctorate and speciality. - Research activity: research production of each subject, lines of research and publications related to the teaching given. The main sources of information have been the universities websites, ORCID, Google Scholar, LinkedIn, Academia and ResearchGate. This study is geographically limited to the Autonomous Community of Andalusia in Spain and to universities (public and private), that offer communication degrees with public relations subjects. Results show many temporary staff and very fragmented subjects, the majority are female lecturers, but with relevant PR teaching and research experience, although with little professional experience in the sector. Furthermore, there is an unequal teaching load in the area between the different universities. Most public relations teaching staff are women, but it is women who fill the most unstable positions (and suffer the consequences of holding such positions), while men in permanent positions are in the majority. To conclude, we consider that the establishment of criteria that would allow for the consolidation of (female) lecturers in their jobs and in the stable choice of public relations subjects would facilitate the work-life balance, improvement and relevance of the teaching and research quality of Andalusian university teaching staff. More needs to be done to improve women's equality in the workplace and their access to academic careers on the same terms as their peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following research is carried out at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the National University of Lomas de Zamora (Argentina) and is part of a broader project on "Transdisciplinary approaches in the Social Sciences in addressing gender issues", where eight (8) research teams worked articulately on lines that link different gender issues addressed from different disciplines of the Social Sciences. A transdisciplinary methodology was adopted to articulate and rethink from different points of view that provide diverse perspectives on the problems associated with gender issues, which do not admit simple or linear explanations. The beginning of this project is marked by a social and political context in the region that challenges society, and therefore the professional field of any discipline, and promotes analysis of the situation of women in the profession. Since there is no specific data about public relations in Argentina, it is hoped that the results of this research can provide information to understand the situation of women in this field in relation to the glass ceiling. The situation was analyzed from the concepts of the glass ceiling, understood as those invisible barriers that women face when they try to ascend in the hierarchical levels of the organization and strongly associated with these impediments in the growth of women, the concepts of : "Sticky Floor" -which explains how women, having to take care of their families; they put aside their continuous training outside of their working hours, they have more difficulties to attend events outside of work, etc. (Upegui Valencia and Cervera Delgado, 2009)- and "male brotherhoods" (Segato, 2010) -or those informal but exclusively masculine spaces that enable the formal promotion of men in organizations-. A qualitative and quantitative methodology has been used, in which more than 250 selfadministered surveys (non-probabilistic randomized) and 17 in-depth interviews with leading PR professionals in Argentina have been analyzed, with the aim of investigating the perceptions of professionals about the phenomenon of the "glass ceiling" in the field of PR in Argentina, its origins, possible explanations, and their experiences in this regard, providing a holistic view of this problem. Given the lack of data on the specific topic of glass ceiling and Public Relations in Argentina, it is expected that the results of this research can provide information to understand what the situation of women in this field is and generate contributions that aim to reduce asymmetries. The final results confirm that there are phenomena in the profession that are recurrent in different regions of the world (for example, the feminization of the profession, the glass ceiling, stereotypes associated with gender, the existence of masculine brotherhoods) and yet in the study, other phenomena appear that contradict some theories and that allow to think of alternative ways to address this social problem. From the role in university teaching, the proposal is the co-construction and co-creation of educational and discursive strategies (Herrera Echenique and Bendezú, 2020) where it is essential to adopt listening as a pedagogical position: conditions must be generated for a new type of society, more inclusive, fair, and egalitarian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Analisi: Quaderns de Comunicacio i Cultura is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Analisi: Quaderns de Comunicacio i Cultura is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Analisi: Quaderns de Comunicacio i Cultura is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Analisi: Quaderns de Comunicacio i Cultura is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Analisi: Quaderns de Comunicacio i Cultura is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es aproximarse al sector de las relaciones públicas en España a través de sus profesionales. Se condujo un análisis cualitativo Delphi entre expertos y un estudio cuantitativo en Qualtrics orientado a estos profesionales. Los resultados determinan fortalezas –como el impulso del sector gracias a la diversificación, la gestión de influencers y la generación de contenidos de valor conseguidas por la transformación digital– y detallan también amenazas generadas por esa disrupción tecnológica donde el sector cambia a gran velocidad, lo que puede suponer una pérdida de confianza en el contenido que generan en los medios por la desinformación y las fake news. Los resultados podrán guiar la toma decisiones empresariales en comunicación en materia de gestión de personas, a la vez que muestran las necesidades formativas específicas de profesionales y estudiantes. La principal conclusión consiste en la exigencia de un equilibrio entre las habilidades blandas -soft- y duras -hard-: las primeras, transversales y que mantendrán su importancia en el tiempo; las segundas exigen a los profesionales una actualización continúa en aspectos técnicos.

The Covid-19 crisis has forced communication and public relations professionals from non-governmental organizations to develop new roles, especially in the new economic and social post-confinement context in Mexico. This study reviews their new roles, and which are the challenges that they face from the pandemic. This research covers the cases of Amnistía Internacional, Cáritas Mexicana, Greenpeace, Hábitat para la Humanidad, Médicos Sin Fronteras, Special Olympics y World Wildlife Fund. The study shows that there is no, a unique single role to manage communication and public relations. Their work is less strategic despite the dominance of the managerial and operational roles in the crisis. Their activity is more represented in the roles of the European four-by-four model of Anne Gregory and Paul Willis and with less relation to the four social roles of the North American model of James E. Grunig and J. White. Nowadays professionals intensify the use of the web and social networks, raise awareness of the pandemic, strengthen alliances between organizations, focus their online management efforts to retain, and attract volunteers. In addition, they try to stay on the media agenda. Likewise, this study considers that there are new challenges to be faced in the next five years. Those challenges include the inclusion of internal communication strategies, the strengthening of trust and reputation, the improvement of its risk strategy, the expansion of its target audiences stand out, as well as paying more attention to sustainability, and inclusion, big data, and algorithms. The great challenge focuses on being less technical and managing a more strategic communication with better leadership and digital skills to achieve greater recognition of their role within the organization and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on economic security. Based on the study of legislative acts of the countries of the European Union, the United States, and relevant scientific literature, an analysis is made of the current situation in the field of economic security, exploring its constituent elements and factors influencing the security of the economy. Among them are ecology, the fight against crime, the financial and taxation spheres, innovative development, and the element itself as a component of the considered social relations, processes, among others. The article outlines the key areas of public relations and other factors that influence the situation's state concerning the issue addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre el concepto de responsabilidad social y muestra los resultados de una encuesta aplicada en el año 2019, a nueve de las más reconocidas agencias de Relaciones Públicas en Costa Rica, en relación con sus prácticas y la forma en que planifican y miden los resultados en este campo. Asimismo, describe el tipo de servicios que les son solicitados por sus clientes (organizaciones), qué tipo de iniciativas usualmente desarrollan y cuáles son los parámetros de medición y evaluación.

The objective of this article is to develop an ex novo model for selecting public relations and communication agencies, or agencies that provide public relations services, based on perceptions from communication managers who work for companies with the highest turnover in Spain and who belong to the Association of Directors of Communication-Dircom. We were inspired by the matrix model of rubrics for competency assessment (Goodrich, 2005). For this purpose, we sent a questionnaire and carried out a factorial analysis and a content analysis to know and classify the attributes that communication managers used when selecting a public relations and communication agency. Results indicate that communication departments consider criteria in the following order of priority: experience, specialization of the sector and client portfolio, professionalism, reliability, quality of the service and the economic proposal. With this model, we seek to enrich chapters offered by the literature on public relations and communication departments and agencies and, professionally, help these communication departments to objectively select a public relations and communication agency, within the framework of final decision models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the skills required of commercial communication professionals. The method used was descriptive documentary content analysis and the document analysed dealt with job offers with employment contracts at ESIC Business & Marketing School for the second half of 2019. A total of 438 offers were analysed. The demand for hybrid profiles is confirmed and the prominence of digital, content, analysis, social networks, web, SEM/SEO, English C1, advanced Excel, proactivity, ability to communicate and results orientation is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifty years after the introduction of Communication studies into Spanish universities, this article presents the results of a descriptive investigation of on-campus university education in Advertising and Public Relations in Spain, with the dual aim of gaining an understanding of how it is formally, and what and how it is taught. A total of 1,815 teaching guides amounting to 10,224 ECTS credits were compiled for the 41 degree courses taught in 38 training centers. The data collected in coding sheets were statistically analyzed and grouped into 57 variables. The results highlight the majority of private initiatives in university education in this area, and the scarce internationalization with only token use of English in teaching. We observe a significant relative presence of cross-cutting content between Communication and other areas, as well as a clear predominance of Advertising training over Public Relations. The most relevant specialized areas are creativity, and advertising and digital marketing. In teaching, a greater weight of practical activities is observed compared with traditional theoretical or master classes. The evaluation of students is also more based on practical work rather than written tests or examinations on theoretical knowledge. These latter aspects confirm the footprint left by the Bologna Plan and the regulations it drove, although the methodological renovation it advocated has yet to be fully achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication studies in Spain have now become consolidated based on their evolution over the last 50 years. The aim of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of the current state of Spanish higher education in Communication. To this end, an analysis is carried out of the structure and composition of the undergraduate and postgraduate degrees (master and PhD studies) in Communication at public and private universities in Spain, paying special attention to the centers that host these studies, the people who contribute to their operation, and their offerings and distribution. Using a descriptive methodology and the content analysis technique, an analysis form is applied to the universities composing the system of Communication studies in Spain, based on their offerings and the information available and accessible on their institutional websites. The results reveal the difficulty of accessing such data and the lack of common criteria (or compliance) for presenting such information on official websites. The results reveal a greater offering at the national level but a wide dispersion of the higher education offering in terms of type, location, type of university, and territorial distribution. We also highlight the gender gap in terms of faculty leadership as well as among teaching staff. We emphasize the phenomenon of double or combined degrees, especially at private universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research brings to the debate social, environmental, economic and cultural issues in order to trace the profile of the Public Relations professional, in order to understand what sustainability practices they develop in organizations. In methodological terms, the following research processes were carried out: documental, bibliographic, quantitative and qualitative, with the development of techniques such as questionnaire and content analysis. Each one of these methodological movements collaborated in a way that dialogued with the objectives of the work and problematized the data obtained. It was found that the professionals have a broad understanding about sustainability, that most of them work or have worked with the subject in the organization, and that the most developed actions in the search for the inclusion of sustainability occur through events and projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media are already part of the communicative routines of most organizations, including communication agencies. Nevertheless, given their duty to serve other companies, these agencies should have an advanced understanding of these platforms, not only in their most profound sense but also in a time-advanced one. In other words, agencies should test emerging social media with the aim of knowing them in-depth and determining whether they serve their communicative purpose. It should be noticed that investment in digital advertising and actions with influencers are greater and greater. Besides, they are platforms that not necessarily remain unalterable, but some of them achieve their life cycle, even disappearing. On this matter, it is necessary to check if agencies really are working on the most recent social networks or only on those which are already consolidated. For such a research, the quantitative method, based on the content analysis, was adopted within a descriptive study. It was used on a sample of the ten communication agencies with the highest billing which operate in Spain. As secondary research objectives, it was considered to analyze the use that agencies do of social media which they are present in, to determine the existence of online content strategies, as well as to value the interaction level of these companies on online channels. The results show that most of analyzed agencies offer web 2.0-related services, such as digital strategy, online content management, monitoring and influencers relations. Social media talking, except for a few cases, communication agencies prefer to maintain a presence on the most consolidated social networks (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn and YouTube). Furthermore, those are the ones that usually have links on their websites. This does not mean that agencies do not use the more recent applications, but that, mostly, they do not do this for their benefit as a brand. Otherwise they keep them in the background. In fact, some agencies use current platforms, such as Twitch or TikTok, publishing suitable content to their characteristics, which means that agencies know their possibilities, although their use is not still usual among them. Among the commonly used social networks, the activity of these agencies remains along the lines of what has already been concluded in previous academic papers: the purpose of information dissemination prevails with a self-promoting role. Communication agencies keep their social profiles updated and, during the month of research, they constantly published content, especially, information about themselves or about the communication sector, followed by news of common interest, clients news and projects carried out. Finally, although they published content frequently, the interaction with other users is low and, when it happens, it usually has, as mentioned, a self-promoting intention. In conclusion, communication agencies, as other kinds of organizations, are used to introduce social media work in their routines. However, it cannot be said that they are early adopters, at least to self-use. Probably, public relations professionals are researching and going deep in these new platforms, but in a private way, so agencies cannot, or prefer not to show their know-how by doing it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]