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This research paper presents the main theme of the revenge of conscience in John Grisham’s A Time to Kill (1989) is connected with the law especially when the law is misused by statesmen according to many causes such as an identity problem, judicial, racism, and black people oppression in the American community. The aim of the study is too dependent upon the psychology field according to Freud's personality psychoanalytic theory (1923). The protagonist of the novel who is Carl Lee Hailey (Samuel L. Jackson), decides to take his own right after the law fails to convict the two murderers (Cobb and Willard ) who raped his ten-year-old daughter Tonya Hailey and left her on the brink of death. For this reason, Carl lee decides to take the way of revenge against the two white men for his daughter and racist bigotry spread against every black man at a time when the south of the USA considered blacks as second-class citizens which leads to the psychological struggle in Carl lee Hailey's mind and leads him to take his own right by the revenge of conscientious for the two crimes: raping his daughter and racial oppression.

Compared with other biblical books that are named after its main protagonist, Job mentions many (at least 72) body parts. Yet hair is explicitly referred to only once, even when it plays a relatively significant role in other books in the Hebrew Bible. This virtual absence of hair in the book can at first glance be explained by the shaving of Job’s ‘head’ as early as 1:20, using a different verb, גזז, from the one in Leviticus 13:33 and 14:8.9, גלח, where the context is that of צָרָעַת, wrongly translated as ‘leprosy’, but probably referring to the same skin problem from which Job is suffering. This connection to the skin is important, because the two body parts seem to be almost mutually exclusive, as also suggested by 1:21 immediately after the aforementioned shaving, where Job considers himself to be essentially עָרֹם [naked]. This means that hair has, amongst other functions, also a clothing-like role in the book of Job. Three questions will hence be explored: how ‘absence’ is to be psychoanalytically interpreted and more specifically, what consequences all of this has on the virtual absence of hair in the Book of Job and, finally, what relevance this absence has for the South African context. Contribution: Applying a psychoanalytical perspective to both the body and to absence, the biblical text is contextualised on a broader horizon than what the purely historical-critical approach can render. The additional African context widens the relevance of the ancient book even further.

Our understanding of mothers' experience of perinatal obsessive‐compulsive disorder (POCD) is limited. While symptoms of POCD have been documented in the literature, the wider lived experience of people with this condition has received less attention. This study used a psychoanalytically informed research method to explore mothers' experiences of POCD. Five participants each engaged in three unstructured interviews, where participants were given time and space to discuss their personal experience. Three major themes emerged from the interviews conducted: a difficult road to motherhood, which related to the challenges participants faced becoming mothers; protector/aggressor, which described the tension between participants' intrusive thoughts and their desire to protect their baby; and mothers' loss, which described participants' sense of sadness having experienced POCD at this special time in their lives. These themes are discussed in relation to their significance for our thinking about mothers' experience of POCD during pregnancy, postnatally and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Part I contemporary psychoanalytic concepts about suicide were synthesized with other theories and empirical research findings. Here the focus is on applying those principles and describing an integrative psychodynamic approach to treatment, one emphasizing the therapeutic alliance, unconscious and implicit processes, exploration of fantasy, and use of the therapeutic relationship as an implicitly interpretive vehicle for change. It is "integrative" because it draws on ideas and techniques described in dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), as well on developmental and social psychology research. Psychotherapy with suicidal patients is inherently challenging, requiring the therapist to bear intense emotional pain while attending to potentially derailing countertransference pressures. The therapist plays an active role in helping the patient navigate affect storms and counter harsh self-attack, and instilling hope that treatment can lead to meaningful change. The integrative psychodynamic approach offers a pathway to a lessening of harsh self-judgment, greater connection with the body, improvement in continuity of experience, positive changes in narrative identity, emergence of the patient's genuine capacities, and more satisfying interpersonal relationships. These changes promote affect tolerance, improve life satisfaction, and decrease the likelihood of suicidal behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychodynamic psychotherapy has an important role in suicide prevention. The psychoanalytic study of suicide has taught us a great deal about the human experience and the process of suicidality. There is also much to be learned from other fields of study and from empirical research that can be integrated into psychoanalytic therapies. Central to the psychoanalytic approach to suicide has been understanding the patient's internal subjective experience of unbearable emotional or psychic pain and the urgent need for relief. Emotional pain can include intense affects such as shame, humiliation, self-hate, and rage. Factors that can increase vulnerability to suicidal states include problems with early attunement, dissociation and deficits in bodily love and protection, conscious and unconscious fantasy, and certain character traits and dynamics. Empirical research has confirmed many basic psychoanalytic concepts about suicide, including escape from unbearable pain as the primary driver of suicidal behavior, the role of dissociation in increasing risk of bodily attack, and the importance of unconscious processes. Further research into implicit processes and their role in the suicidal process holds potential to improve suicide risk assessment and to enhance psychotherapy by bringing otherwise inaccessible material into the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this writing aims to be a critical reflection of the psychoanalytic notion of hysteria in light of the contributions of gender studies. It makes visible how, from an interdisciplinary intertwining from the notion that the author proposes of "renunciation gesture", different perspectives can cooperate in deconstructing psychoanalytic categories broadening the horizons of both theoretical and clinical approach. The objective is to carry out an interdisciplinary work in order to seek a psychoanalytic science that thinks from complex logics and is more committed to the current socio-historical-political and gender movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sigmund Freud considers that personality comprises three major subsystems that interact and control human behavior: the self, the self, the superhuman. S. Freud detected a series of consistent themes that were nothing but expressions of unconscious fears or desires, themes similar to those seen in the analysis of dreams or childhood memories. Sigmund Freud, as he is well known, placed great importance on becoming the personality of the first years of his life. Mostly, he spoke about the fact that the first five years of life are those responsible for establishing the psycho-behavioral base and for constituting the individual unconscious. Freud, at the time, did not enjoy a special collaboration with those in his professional guild. This was also due to the fact that, due to its histrionic structure, it did not accept any opinions from colleagues or disciples. On the other hand, it has restructured its conception of personality, but as some specialists show, also within the same dogmatism.

The objectives of this study are to analyze how is the obsession of the women characters and to explain how the obsession of the women characters influences their behavior described in Daphne du Maurier’s Rebecca. The object of the study is a novel entitled Rebecca, written by Daphne du Maurier. This study is a descriptive qualitative study by applying Freudian psychoanalytic theory. The data of the study were collected by reading, identifying, inventorying, classifying, selecting, and reporting. By using Freudian psychoanalytic theory, the analysis focused on the women's character's obsession. The results show (1) Rebecca’s obsession in gaining power through fake appearances to get wealth and honor. Then, Mrs de Winter obsession in getting her husband’s love influenced by her father’s figure so that she has an electra complex. Further, Danvers obsession in loving Rebecca makes her have selfishness. (2) The influence of Rebecca’s obsession makes her have a narcissistic personality disorder. Then, the influence of Mrs de Winter obsession makes her envy, and finally she imitates Rebecca to increase her confidence in getting her husband’s love. Further, the influence of Danvers obsession makes her a Rebecca worshiper.

Our understanding of postnatal depression (PND), and in particular the emotional world of mothers who experience this, and the relational processes involved remain today quite limited. Indeed, what has been called "PND," likely as explored here a catch‐all term for a variety of composite states of mind, seems quite prevalent and likely too has a significant impact on both mother and baby, as well as on the wider figures and systems that are involved. This study used a psychoanalytically informed research method to access material that emerged around women's postnatal depressive experiences. Each of the six participants engaged in three interviews. The main themes that emerged were the following: (a) Starting on a bad note: difficult experiences in birth and breast‐feeding; (b) Support falling away: the absence of mother's support at key times in pregnancy and birth; (c) No space for mother's mind: the absence of space for processing experience in systems around women; and (d) Unwelcome familiar feelings: the contradictory responses evoked in motherhood. These themes are discussed in relation to their significance for our thinking about supports for mothers in the period prior to and following birth. Also discussed here is whether the technology of birth, important in safeguarding baby, may have reduced the space for mother's emotional well‐being in our systems of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EUL Journal of Social Sciences / LAÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of EUL Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many psychotherapists across a range of modalities remain unaware that, from the late nineteenth and twentieth century on, lesbians and gay men were pathologized in classical psychoanalytic theories. For decades lesbians and gay men had been deemed 'unfit' to train as psychoanalytic practitioners due to failures in their early sexual development. In this article I describe the history of the challenges for lesbian and gay clients, applicants to training, trainees, and qualified psychotherapists in the UK from 1986. As emphasised by the French philosophers, Ricoeur and Doss, the work of remembering is vital if we are to prevent the repetition of failures from the past. It is important to recognise history is never linear and points of achievement are never stable; in the past four years, for example, homophobic hate crimes have trebled in the UK. I describe how lesbian and gay psychoanalytic psychotherapists, along with establishing counselling and psychotherapy services accessible to lesbians and gay men, organised conferences, spoke publicly, published, and demonstrated. Our challenges to heteronormative psychoanalytic theorising included an engagement with other disciplines such as fiction, biography, and poetry written by lesbians and gay men, post-colonial theorising, queer theory, and philosophical texts. Challenging universalising interpretations of the 'causes' of 'homosexuality' we emphasised the critical importance of attending to differences in individuals' experiences of their sexualities and identities. In 2015 the crucial Memorandum of Understanding which protects the public through a commitment to end the practice of 'conversion therapy' was signed by twenty organisations (amended in 2017 to include gender), including psychoanalytic training organisations, and released at the Department of Health. This was widely welcomed after nearly thirty years of fighting for recognition of the effects of the pathologizing of lesbian and gay sexualities on people' lives, including those of people who identify as heterosexual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of the global outbreak of Covid-19, the question of why therapists experience remote psychotherapy as more taxing than traditional face-to-face encounters, is interrogated. From an experience-near perspective, I draw on concepts such as reverie, the frame, and holding; self psychological constructs such as self-states and empathy; and reference emotion regulation from the perspectives of neuroscience and social psychology. At a meta-level, this different way of working is unusually tiring because rapid change without warning in response to a pandemic—which is happening to therapists too—is intrinsically demanding. Anxiety is a key consideration. At a finer scale, I proffer a set of ideas regarding the implications for core aspects of the psychoanalytic scaffolding: how reverie can be hampered and confidentiality compromised; how holding can become less reliable, empathic attunement harder to maintain, and therapist self-cohesion disrupted. In consequence, the therapist has to work harder. The heightened importance of therapist self-care, ongoing professional development, and the need to hold the frame in mind, are suggested as strategies for ensuring clinically and ethically sound practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As current era necessitates access to information technology, people of all ages are exposed to the prevalent online hate speech. This literature analysis aims to analyse the psychological characterisation of Fatih, one of the characters in Syahid Muhammad’s novel Egosentris, to address how current social media interactions negatively affects one’s mental health. This article described characterisation and psychological conflict using the literary psychology approach based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, in line with the characterisation theory proposed by Nurgiyantoro (2007). Psychoanalytic theory is a staple theory of human personality that is often used in the world of literature, which is divided into three structures of human nature, i.e., id, ego, and superego. The analysis involved several steps, such as categorisation, tabulation, interpretation, inference, and validity of the data. The results of the study revealed that Fatih's personality in the Egosentris novel is kind, honest, sensitive, critical, and caring. Though in some situations, Fatih's character was found to employ some negative characters such as being stubborn, spiteful and bad-tempered. This present article also found the psychological conflict experienced by Fatih includes emotions such as anger, anxiety, fear, regret, pressure, and resentment. These kinds of psychological conflict have changed his personality to be an inclusive person. The study reflects the outcomes of psychological analysis on Fatih’s character to raise public awareness about regarding importance of noticing people’s mental health and to diminish the spread of hate comments and harmful speech to others.

Critical discussions of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple and The Third Life of Grange Copeland have particularly focused on the intention(s) of the authors and on the assumed meaning(s) of the texts. Little or no attention has been paid to the factors which necessitated the transformation/renewal of the lives experienced by the characters in the texts. However, these two texts construct an individual identity directed and supported by African-American communal values and expounded by the female voice. Therefore, this paper concerns itself with the task of investigating the issues evident in the texts which yielded the grand renewal of lives in its different forms as it is witnessed in the novels. It adopts Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality development as its theoretical framework. From our analysis, it has been discovered that sublimation and its attendant productivity is central to the characters’ transformation/renewal and also that there is a shift from the death instinct to life instinct in the psyche of the characters in both narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkish Literature has evolved vastly with the declaration of the Republic. Orhan Veli Kanık is an intellectual who played a significant role in this change in Turkish Literature. The poems of Orhan Veli Kanık, who is one of the most powerful representatives of Republican Turkish poetry, are interpreted in most sources or by many people as works that reflect idle and intellectually shallow everyday subjects. However, the poems of the modernist poet Kanık, who left such a deep mark in our history of literature, are consistently filled with metaphors. These poems that can carry different meanings once interpreted from different perspectives and by using different theories, reflect the poet's subconscious and his specific stance. This study, taking Sigmund Freud as reference, examines subject fiction using the analysis of psychoanalytic poetry through the metaphors used by the poet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the influence on outcome of exploration of the patient-therapist relationship (that is, transference work) in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. We hypothesized that depressed adolescents would have better long-term effects from psychoanalytic psychotherapy with than without transference work. Methods: Depressed adolescent (16 to 18 years) were recruited in health authority funded out-patient clinics in Oslo and Vestfold County, Norway. They were randomized to 28 weeks of treatment with psychoanalytic psychotherapy with or without transference work. Change was assessed using linear-mixed models. The primary outcome measure was the Psychodynamic Functioning Scale (pre- post-, and 1-year post-treatment). Level of depression was measured at the same time points and during therapy (week 12, and 20). Results: 69 adolescents were treated with (N = 39) or without (N = 31) transference work. The mean number of sessions was 18.6 (SD = 8,6) in the transference work group and 18.0 (SD = 10.9) in the non-transference work group. Both groups showed large and significant improvement on Psychodynamic Functioning Scale during the whole study period. The difference between the two groups was not significant during the treatment period (95% CI −.79 to 1.2, p =.674, F =.18), or from post-treatment to one-year follow-up (95% CI −.13 to.96; p =.134; F = 2.3). For the secondary outcome measures the transference work group had significantly better outcomes from 12 weeks in treatment to one-year follow-up (Beck Depression Inventory, 95% CI − 1.7 to −.14, p =.022; Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, 95% CI − 1.6 to −.23, p =.009). Conclusion: The findings suggest that exploration of the adolescents' relations to the therapist amplify the effects of short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy on their depressive symptoms for adolescents with a Major Depressive Disorder. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. Id: NCT01531101. Registered 8 February 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflexivity has come to be accepted as standard methodological practice in qualitative tourism research, enabling researchers to reflect on how their subjectivity inevitably impacts on their work. However, reflexive accounts vary enormously from intimate, in-depth explorations to more modest reflexive disclosure statements, which are usually relegated to 'safe' spaces in the text such as the methodology section. Additionally, there is an implicit assumption in tourism studies that, while reflexivity is to be encouraged, some information is too private or embarrassing to be shared publicly. I introduce the notion of deep reflexivity, a radical approach to positionality and intersectionality developed by psychosocial researchers. Deep reflexivity implies that reflexive practice should be extended to include critical reflections on the researcher's emotions, embodiment and unconscious processes that may impact on research. Such information can be accessed through introspection, the interpretation of fantasies, or even dream analysis. This approach is particularly applicable to psychological interview-based research in tourism, but I argue that it has wider relevance and potential. Deep reflexivity in practice is illustrated by sharing a personal account of conducting fieldwork in a volunteer tourism setting in Kenya and I reflect on the challenges that this form of reflexivity presents in terms of ethics, professional integrity, and methodological accuracy. I conclude by arguing that psychosocial studies and the concept of deep reflexivity present a promising avenue for methodological disruption and advancement in critical tourism research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study aims to identify and describe the character of characters contained in the short story Future of Silence and No Longer Sky Blue by Radhar Panca Dahana. This research is qualitative approach by applying psychoanalytic study. Various character behaviors are identified in terms of id, ego, and super ego. The results showed that psychologically the character of the characters in the short story is an idealistic figure. The character is described as a character always defeated and dikalhkan in life. Mesikipun overwritten with various persolan that heavily he remains firm to face it. The results of this study can be used as a medium of appreciation of work among students and students. --- Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serta mendeskripsikan mengenai karakter tokoh yang terdapat dalam cerpen Masa Depan Kesunyian dan Langit tak Lagi Biru karya Radhar Panca Dahana. Penelitian ini berpendekatan kualitatif dengan menerapkan kajian psikoanalitik. Bergai perilaku tokoh diidentifikasi dari segi id, ego, dan super ego. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa secara psikologi karakter tokoh dalam cerpen tersebut adalah sosok yang yang idealis. Sang tokoh digambarkan sebagai tokoh selalu kalah dan dikalahkan dalam kehidupan. Mesikipun ditimpa dengan berbagai persolan yang bergitu berat ia tetap tegar menghadapinya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media apresiasi karya pada kalangan mahasiswa dan pelajar. DOI :10.15408/bat.v24i1.7442

SUMMARY: Patients with psychiatric illness present a unique challenge to clinicians: in contrast to the traditional medical model, in which patients are conceptualised as being stricken by a disease, patients with certain psychiatric illnesses may seem complicit in the illness. Questions of free will, choice and the role of the physician can cause clinicians to feel helpless, disinterested or even resentful. These tensions are a lasting legacy of centuries of mind–body dualism. Over the past several decades, modern tools have finally allowed us to break down this false dichotomy. Integrating a modern neuroscience perspective into practice allows clinicians to conceptualise individuals with psychiatric illness in a way that promotes empathy and enhances patient care. Specifically, a strong grasp of neuroscience prevents clinicians from falling into the trap in which behavioural aspects of a patient's presentation are perceived as being separate from the disease process. We demonstrate the value of incorporating neuroscience into a biopsychosocial formulation through the example of a 'difficult patient'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ivan Karamazov's famous dictum 'If there is no God, anything is permitted' in fact appears as a central meta-theme in many of Dostoevsky's works. Western philosophers and writers repeatedly reinterpreted this idea. The most recent versions belong to the contemporary psychoanalytic and Freudian–Marxist philosophy. E.g. Jacques Lacan famously said that "if there is a God, then anything is permitted", and Slavoy Zizek attributed this to Dostoevsky himself. The paper demonstrates which versions of this saying are present in Dostoevsky's novel The Brothers Karamazov, what meaning this meta-theme has within the integral structure of these literary works, and which of them express the author's own position. The paper also provides insight into those bright reinterpretations of Dostoevsky's central meta-theme that were given by certain representatives of contemporary European psychoanalytic philosophy. These readings are regarded as the significant attempts to explain the present from the standpoint of European psychoanalytic philosophy, made on the basis of elements of Dostoevsky's artistic thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I explore conscious and unconscious dynamics in relation to questions of power and vulnerability which frequently permeate relationships between psychoanalytic colleagues. Such dynamics have frequently led to splits in psychoanalytic training institutions. I focus particularly on the anxieties, rivalries, and alliances emergent in relationships between psychoanalytic colleagues in the UK between 1934 and 1945. I highlight how the transgenerational transmission of these dynamics has continued to affect the development of psychoanalytic organisations in the UK contemporaneously. I argue that attention to our own and to our colleagues' vulnerabilities is generative of productive, creative and mutually enhancing professional relationships which allow for critical questioning and differences. Such attention is crucial for psychoanalytic practices if we are to enable our patients to discover the power of their own independent voices. It is also vital for the development and survival of psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the current political climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australia's treatment of refugees and asylum seekers has been found to constitute a regime of cruelty and neglect that amounts to torture. This article seeks to answer the question: how did Australia become a state that uses torture on refugees? It uses Freud's work on mourning and melancholia to suggest the majority of the Australian electorate made a decision to forgo the work of mourning in 1996, to deny the need to bury the myth of the kindly coloniser. This stillborn mourning became melancholia. As a consequence of denying the need to bury the myth of the kindly coloniser, a majority of the electorate reverted to the primitive and defensive split position to create a 'good' compassionate and generous Australia to the 'bad' manipulative refugees. Isolation, propaganda, law as tactic and privatising detention then led to an operationalising of this defensive melancholia, which ultimately culminated in torture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present article is a response to Armando Simón's article: "Goodbye Sigmund Freud: The Case for Exorcising the Ghost of Freud from the Field of Psychology." I acknowledge Freud's shortcomings, suggest why Freud's ideas continue to be promulgated despite these shortcomings, and argue that Freud cannot realistically be expunged from psychology. While acknowledging that Simón makes some valid points and criticisms, I offer that the present means of framing the situation better explains the issue and also is more productive/realistic in addressing this matter within a contemporary psychology milieu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It would seem that there has been a growing concern about the body during the composition of the Hebrew Bible, just as the body has awakened in the mind of the humanities during the last three to four decades in Western culture. Parallel to that has been a growing interest in psychological understanding often linked to the wisdom writings, and now again when the historical–critical approach has shown its limitations. The aim of psychoanalysing the body image of Job has several advantages: it allows the recipient to sense the body of the protagonist and so penetrate into the core of the narrative. Moreover, psychological sense can be made of the deeper meanings underlying certain body parts, which play a particularly important role for Job. In such a way, a network of subtexts can be accessed. This study will trace the image of Job’s body in the mind of the external world around him but more so in his own internal reality as depicted by the text. This will then constitute a body image which shifts amongst the characters and as the narrative develops. The clusters of attention imply the relations between the body parts in Job’s mind and suggest the tensions of his still unintegrated body image.

Alongside social anthropology and discursive psychology, conversation analysis has highlighted numerous ways in which cultural forms of perceiving and acting in the world are primarily rooted in socially shared normativity. However, when consideration turns to the origins and purposes of human affect and emotion, ethnomethodology, and conversation analysis appear to face particular difficulties that arise from the over-arching focus on sense-making practices. This article considers the proposal that psychoanalytic thinking might inform our understanding of how socially shared normativity emerges during infancy and early childhood. First, a framework is sketched out that highlights the fact that from the beginning, an infant’s earliest experience is bound up with those procedures, practices, and social actions that make up what conversation analysts call members’ methods. Second, comparisons are drawn between conversation analysis and psychoanalytic accounts of early experience for infants during the first years of life. Discussion then moves to the Kleinian notion of object relations and the concept of projective identification. Essentially, this is a theoretical account of how “what-was-once-one” (the mother-infant unit) somehow differentiates resulting in the gradual emergence of the “individuated being.” What is often glossed over in this account is the discursively embedded nature of projective identification; a process that is itself interdependent with the embodiment that makes up the infant’s lived engagement with the world. Whatever might constitute consciousness emerges from somatic, embodied, material-physical, tactile/affective experience – that is, a fundamentally social milieu. Ultimately, this raises the question of how transformation (i.e., from the social to the individual) occurs. One answer may be Winnicott’s idea of the transitional space, where the “good-enough” parent is said to be somebody, who can “contain” both negative and positive identifications coming from the infant, transform and re-project such identifications, but in modified form. In this way, the infant begins to recognize/experience what it is they are “feeling.” Such projective identifications are conveyed within and through the prevailing discourses that constitute all social practices. Concluding comments note that conversation analysis may find in psychoanalytic thinking a framework for understanding the interdependence between affect and action, given that in psychoanalytic thought, we find a thoroughly relational conception of human nature.

Taking inspiration from Frommer, this paper is part of a shift towards incorporating death as a defining psychic issue. With a sense that I am surrounded by death, the author presents two brief vignettes of clinical cases to illustrate the impact of the therapist’s relationship with death on the therapeutic process. Each case shows a different level of engagement with the client when the focus is on death-talk, and reflects, on the one hand, the therapist’s ability and readiness to work with death as an object of analysis, and on the other hand, the therapist’s lack of processing of experiences of death of others, and the resultant failure to successfully work with death in analysis. The one case is arguably more successful therapeutically than the other, and highlights some issues that come into play in the light of the therapist’s relationship with death. These issues are: i) the importance of the therapist’s development with regards to processing experiences of death and dying cannot be underestimated when working with death as an object of scrutiny; ii) empathy remains core to the process and getting in touch with how the client experiences the death of the other. Without recognition, however, no (grief) work can begin. The therapist needs to psychologically recognise the other to be able to connect to, and empathize with, the clients process; iii) the impact of the death of the other often transforms into the work of the impact of the death of self; iv) if clients have a sense that the therapist knows what they are speaking about because the therapist has done some of the work of making meaning of death, clients may feel more confident in working with death as an object of analysis.

Although therapist empathy has long been recognized as one of the most important ingredients of successful psychotherapy, its role in the treatment of schizophrenia has been neglected, relative to the treatment of other psychiatric disorders. In this article, the authors aimed to explore historical and modern conceptions of the use of empathy in work with patients with schizophrenia, review the research on empathy as applied generally in psychotherapy and as it pertains to this population, and offer a case study demonstrating empathy's instrumental role in the management of schizophrenia. Empathic understanding of patients with schizophrenia has relevance across treatment settings: in psychotherapy, on inpatient psychiatric units, in the emergency department, and at home with family or caregivers. An empathic understanding of the psychological process occurring in schizophrenia is a vital component of effective treatment., Competing Interests: The authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.

This article sets out to explore the researcher's transference in psychoanalytically informed qualitative research. To this end, it is suggested the researcher's transference is a) rooted in the past/childhood experiences and events and b) occurs in all research activities, such as interviews. The researcher's transference may have some elements of unresolved or unsymbolized psychological issues that are transferred to the research process. Such transference may manifest in the research as a) expulsion of unwanted psychic material into the research process, as in projective identification; b) a form of unconscious communication (not necessarily unwanted unconscious content); c) a way to displace unwanted psychic material onto the research (projection); or d) a combination of these psychic dynamics. The term "the researcher's transferential implant" is introduced to capture these transferential dynamics. Finally, a suggestion as to how to methodologically work with the researcher's transference is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article introduces a case study and describes a mutually integrative approach to treating a complex presenting problem. This article examines the specific issues surrounding integration when a supervisor and supervisee hold different theoretical perspectives. On occasion, such a relationship demands that the supervisee adhere to the model being taught by the supervisor. Examining integration in this format presents many advantages for both treatment and training. The key to the mutual integration is that two schools of psychotherapy can be combined in a way that creates a synergy; in that, together they are more powerful than either may be in isolation. A genogram with symbols from each model is incorporated to focus the treatment and create a format for the mutual integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alongside social anthropology and discursive psychology, conversation analysis has highlighted numerous ways in which cultural forms of perceiving and acting in the world are primarily rooted in socially shared normativity. However, when consideration turns to the origins and purposes of human affect and emotion, ethnomethodology, and conversation analysis appear to face particular difficulties that arise from the over-arching focus on sense-making practices. This article considers the proposal that psychoanalytic thinking might inform our understanding of how socially shared normativity emerges during infancy and early childhood. First, a framework is sketched out that highlights the fact that from the beginning, an infant's earliest experience is bound up with those procedures, practices, and social actions that make up what conversation analysts call members' methods. Second, comparisons are drawn between conversation analysis and psychoanalytic accounts of early experience for infants during the first years of life. Discussion then moves to the Kleinian notion of object relations and the concept of projective identification. Essentially, this is a theoretical account of how "what-was-once-one" (the mother-infant unit) somehow differentiates resulting in the gradual emergence of the "individuated being." What is often glossed over in this account is the discursively embedded nature of projective identification; a process that is itself interdependent with the embodiment that makes up the infant's lived engagement with the world. Whatever might constitute consciousness emerges from somatic, embodied, material-physical, tactile/affective experience – that is, a fundamentally social milieu. Ultimately, this raises the question of how transformation (i.e., from the social to the individual) occurs. One answer may be Winnicott's idea of the transitional space, where the "good-enough" parent is said to be somebody, who can "contain" both negative and positive identifications coming from the infant, transform and re-project such identifications, but in modified form. In this way, the infant begins to recognize/experience what it is they are "feeling." Such projective identifications are conveyed within and through the prevailing discourses that constitute all social practices. Concluding comments note that conversation analysis may find in psychoanalytic thinking a framework for understanding the interdependence between affect and action, given that in psychoanalytic thought, we find a thoroughly relational conception of human nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I analyse aspects of the experience of some female University students who have been raped drawing on a Kleinian psychoanalytic perspective and Layton's concept of 'normative unconscious processes'. I suggest that Klein's writing provides a theoretical basis for thinking about the projective and introjective processes that may be at play between perpetrator and 'victim'. Here, I focus upon Kleinian conceptualisations of castration anxiety, fragmentation, envy, greed and guilt. In terms of 'normative unconscious processes', I explore how castration anxiety (in a more symbolic sense of powerlessness), fragmentation, envy, greed and guilt may also operate within social discourses around sexual violence. Specifically, I draw upon Freyd's concept of DARVO and Payne's Rape Myth Acceptance Scale which both explain 'victim blaming' in terms of the social reversal of the positions of perpetrator and 'victim'. I illustrate this social process with reference to representations of rape within the mainstream media. My hypothesis is that, although the 'psychic' and the 'social' are two contrasting positions theoretically, it is possible to draw on both of them to make sense of the experience of working with rape clinically. The clinical context of this paper is my work as a psychodynamic counsellor at a modern London-based University. I draw on composite case studies of women who have been raped, drawing on both 'psychic' and 'social' perspectives. I seek to explore how the 'psychic' and the 'social' can be integrated in different ways depending upon the clinical situation. I suggest that they can be mutually enriching ways of working. Through approaching how the 'psychic' and the 'social' might interrelate from a clinical viewpoint, I conclude that the idea of 'working psychosocially' is of most use when approached as a flexible concept that different clinicians may draw on in different ways with different patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article had as objective to present the work developed during the basic supervised stage in screening, Attending the eighth semester of the psychology course from the University Center of Várzea Grande - UNIVAG, Performed at the neurology outpatient clinic Physiotherapy of the Integrated Clinic of the University Center of Várzea Grande - UNIVAG. By means of the early stimulation of children with organic deficiency and with parents, the study presented here, intervenes to re-signify the parents-baby and professional relationships, and thus to facilitate the building of bonds between the subjects involved in this process. The development of this work was due to the increase in the number of cases of children born with organic deficiencies in Brazil from 2015, according to the Health Ministry and the importance of taking care of the relationships between children, parents and professionals for a better development of the child. To this purpose, this study used bibliographic research and experience reports that sought the basis of psychoanalytic theory, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Employing practice‐based research methods, we addressed the need to examine the effectiveness of psychodynamic treatment as a supplement to the efficacy evidence offered by randomized clinical trials. Method: We used person‐centered analyses to generate latent subgroups of clients (N = 118; Mage = 40.92; 53.4% female; 81.4% Caucasian; 80.5% heterosexual) receiving contemporary relational psychotherapy (CRP) at a psychodynamic community mental health training clinic. Results: Subgroups of clients reported a change in depression, social conflict, and anxiety symptomatology, and overall life satisfaction, depicted by significant quadratic growth curves. Findings also offered exploratory support for a theoretical proposition from CRP that improved relational functioning would correspond to improved affect dysregulation and overall life satisfaction. Conclusion: Clinical and training implications highlight the need to distinguish subgroups of "responders" and "nonresponders" to inform treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It would seem that there has been a growing concern about the body during the composition of the Hebrew Bible, just as the body has awakened in the mind of the humanities during the last three to four decades in Western culture. Parallel to that has been a growing interest in psychological understanding often linked to the wisdom writings, and now again when the historical–critical approach has shown its limitations. The aim of psychoanalysing the body image of Job has several advantages: it allows the recipient to sense the body of the protagonist and so penetrate into the core of the narrative. Moreover, psychological sense can be made of the deeper meanings underlying certain body parts, which play a particularly important role for Job. In such a way, a network of subtexts can be accessed. This study will trace the image of Job's body in the mind of the external world around him but more so in his own internal reality as depicted by the text. This will then constitute a body image which shifts amongst the characters and as the narrative develops. The clusters of attention imply the relations between the body parts in Job's mind and suggest the tensions of his still unintegrated body image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, aims to have as its object, features of fantastics in the Albanian literature and more specifically of the dreamer character in the Kutel's prose, as one of the distinguished representatives of the dreaming, symbolistic and fatastics prose in the Albanian literature. The Methodology of the research focuses on psychoanalitical studies, and aims to point out main literary features that the author holds, by describing the unconscious of his caharacter. The psychoanalytical point of view is an approach of surveillance and analysis over characters in terms of sensitivity and emotions they convey. In the Freud's assertion "the dream interpretation is the gold way toward the acknowledgement of the unconscious element in the psychic life". This approach creates the opportunity for an investigation of an incentive or impulse that effects in the unconscious of the character, that can be expressed in his conscious as result of suppresion and becomes a source of expression only in dreams. Kuteli as a writter has a certain individuality and tendency in the "narrative of dream" which was introduced as a lireary novelty of those times. By analysing the prose of this author, i will try to unbuckle the dream as a forbidden desire in the codification of fantastics in order to create the impression of satisfaction of the narrative. Following on this logic the author himself in a certain number of its narratives besomes a genuine witness of the psuchological analyses. We know that one of the most important functions of the literary elment in the text of prose is closely linked with the description of the emeotional state of the character, which witness in the text for indicators of linguistic diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What are the binding commonalities that demark and define any and all psychoanalytic supervision perspectives? What do we all do as psychoanalytic supervisors that practically matters? Furthermore, might there be a unifying model that anchors those binding commonalities together into a supervision meaning-making, explanatory framework? In this two-part paper, I take up those questions. In Part I, based on a century-spanning literature review, I identify 50 (non-exhaustive) common Support and Learning factors that appear present across the panoply of psychoanalytic supervision perspectives. Relational, educational, and interventional, these 50 factors reflect the very stuff of which psychoanalytic supervision is made. In Part II, I present and elaborate upon the Contextual Psychoanalytic Supervision Relationship Model (CPSRM) – a theoretically-grounded model that anchors and contextualizes those common Support and Learning factors. Because common factors can be seen as nothing more than atheoretical amalgamation (i.e., lists of desirable characteristics endlessly strung together), the CPSRM is proposed as a theoretically-based antidote. A supervisory extrapolation of Wampold's contextual psychotherapy relationship model, the CPSRM accentuates relational connection, expectations/goals, and educational action as preeminently supervisee change inducing and learner affecting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking inspiration from Frommer, this paper is part of a shift towards incorporating death as a defining psychic issue. With a sense that I am surrounded by death, the author presents two brief vignettes of clinical cases to illustrate the impact of the therapist's relationship with death on the therapeutic process. Each case shows a different level of engagement with the client when the focus is on death-talk, and reflects, on the one hand, the therapist's ability and readiness to work with death as an object of analysis, and on the other hand, the therapist's lack of processing of experiences of death of others, and the resultant failure to successfully work with death in analysis. The one case is arguably more successful therapeutically than the other, and highlights some issues that come into play in the light of the therapist's relationship with death. These issues are: i) the importance of the therapist's development with regards to processing experiences of death and dying cannot be underestimated when working with death as an object of scrutiny; ii) empathy remains core to the process and getting in touch with how the client experiences the death of the other. Without recognition, however, no (grief) work can begin. The therapist needs to psychologically recognise the other to be able to connect to, and empathize with, the clients process; iii) the impact of the death of the other often transforms into the work of the impact of the death of self; iv) if clients have a sense that the therapist knows what they are speaking about because the therapist has done some of the work of making meaning of death, clients may feel more confident in working with death as an object of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychoanalytic social work scholars lament the marginalization of psychodynamic theory in contemporary social work academia. Modern conflict theory applied to social work theories of pathogenesis and cure can serve as a means to explore this marginalization. Unconscious fantasy is important for understanding the resistance to psychodynamic theory in social work education. I offer some psychoanalytically informed strategies that might begin to restore psychodynamic theory in mainstream social work academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stanley Kubrick's The Shining still generates intense interest nearly four decades after its release. There are numerous books, documentary films, websites, blogs, and YouTube videos dedicated to analyzing the film's content. Many of these analyses are wildly speculative. For example, the film is a coded confession by Kubrick that he faked the Apollo 11 moon landing footage. What about The Shining's content may contribute to some viewers generating such unusual interpretations? The present article applies psychoanalytic theory, supported by findings from cognitive science, to answer this question. It is argued that The Shining's ambiguity generates an "intolerance of uncertainty" for some viewers, which leads them to project their own beliefs and experiences onto the film's scenes and narrative. Additionally, the film's oedipally themed content evokes archaic associations that some viewers may struggle to integrate, which promotes cognitive regression to a less demanding mode of thought. Although this article focuses on a fictional film, its method and findings are potentially generalizable to other phenomena in which idiosyncratic interpretations are expressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]