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The moisture resistance of Kraft paper was greatly improved when it was coated with silylated soybean oil that was cured via silanol condensation. This moisture barrier coating was prepared from LowSat ® Soybean oil that was grafted with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) using a relatively simple process based on the “Ene reaction”. The viscosity of the resulting oil was unaffected by the silylation reaction and remained low (32 cPs). Thus, the paper coating process required no solvent, additional diluent or the need to emulsify the oil which provided a convenient one-component cure system. Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) was found to be an effective condensation catalyst and under optimal conditions complete cure was achieved in a short period of time. The cure rate was a function of the catalyst concentration, available water and the temperature. Initially, Kraft papers were coated with the silylated soybean oil in the lab and this process was followed by a pilot scale-up using a commercial gravure roll coater. Cobb values and water vapor transmission rate indicated the cured coating provided a good barrier coating. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the coated paper confirmed a uniform coating with good adhesion of the coating material to the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper and ink characteristics effect on print density were investigated. For this purpose three types of papers and four types of printing inks at 2 viscosities levels (25-30, 50-55) were used. Then characteristics of paper & ink were measured. Inks on sampled papers Printed and then printing density was measured. Statistical analysis was conducted based on a complete randomized design in factorial experimental model and means were analyzed and grouped by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) using SPSS software. Result indicated that Solid content, pH and particles diameter of inks have significant effect on print density. While roughness and water absorption of papers do not have on significantly influences print density. There was not any significant different between two viscosity level and print density

Effect of roughness & water absorption of paper and ink characteristics on optical properties was investigated. For this purpose three type of paper and four type of printing ink was used.Then characteristics of paper & ink was measured. Inks on sampled papers Printed and then L, a & b was measured. Result indicated that the effect of roughness and water absorption on L, a & b are not significant. But Solid content, PH and particles diameter of four type of ink on L, a & b have significant effect

The antimicrobial properties of bagasse paper sheets coated with natural polymers (chitosan, different ratios of (gelatin/glycerol) + chitosan, hemicellulose, hemicellulose + glycerol, hemicellulose+chitosan) or synthetic organophosphorus dimer compounds were evaluated in this work. Hemicelluloses showed moderate activity against Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans, while chitosan showed weak activity against B. subtilis. The condition that offered the highest inhibitory activity of bagasse paper was the one coated with 1,3-diaryl-2,2,2,4,4,4- hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane (where aryl is p-chloroaniline or p-anisidine). The developed bagasse papers were evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. The highest inhibitory activity was obtained at a concentration of 200 mg/mL for p-chloroaniline with an inhibition zone that varied for different microbes from 6.9 mm to 26 mm. The highest inhibitory activity was obtained at 300-250 mg/mL for panisidine against most of the pathogenic microorganisms with an inhibition zone that varied for different microbes from 8 mm to 14.75 mm. The observed antimicrobial and antifungal activity properties for bagasse paper coated with 1,3-diaryl 2,2,2,4,4,4- hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane could be attributed to the presence of Cl, P atoms, and the lone pair of electrons on N atoms in the structure of the dimers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various topics within the issue including a method of improving the antimicrobial activity of bagasse packaging paper, effect of reservoir pressure on calcium sulfate and barium sulfate precipitation, and methylene blue as redox mediator.

In this study, antimicrobial packaging was prepared by mixing colloidal silver nanoparticles with cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and depositing this hybrid coating (CNF/Ag) as a layer on different paper substrates. The CNF/Ag-coated papers were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, their antimicrobial activity, and barrier and strength properties were assessed. SEM showed deposition of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of CNF and formation of a relatively smooth, dense coating layer on the paper surface. The results also demonstrated that the CNF/Ag coating exhibited good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) bacteria. Although the coating coverage was influenced by paper surface characteristics and coat weights, almost all properties (except water absorption of greaseproof paper) including the water vapor transmission rate, oil resistance, and tensile strength of the CNF/Ag-coated papers were improved in comparison with uncoated papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Paper/caseinate and paper/caseinate/chitosan films were developed. [•] Chitosan layer on dry caseinate-coated paper provided the best functional properties. [•] Chitosan significantly increased the elongation at break of coated paper. [•] Caseinate/chitosan bilayer systems seemed to be appropriate paper coating materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Iran, due to abundant restrictions on harvesting wood from northern forests by implementing the preservation project and also lack of possibility for sufficient wood production, development of the area of planting poplar is quite inevitable. Poplar wood properties have special importance to produce many wood production, particularly pulp and paper. Paper factories are the major consumers of poplar wood at the global level and this is because of unique morphological, physical, mechanical and technological properties of poplar wood. Therefore, regarding the importance of using this species in making various printing and writing paper, packaging or carton, cardboard and newsprint, in this study, costs of poplar production in one hectare including planting and harvesting were examined and determined. Then, based on conversion coefficients of FAO, required round wood, productivity and the cost of poplar wood were calculated for the producing various kinds of paper. The results indicate that carton and cardboard paper or packaging allocate the lowest cost and highest return, while printing and writing paper had highest cost and lowest return in terms of poplar wood supply needed for paper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many fibrous residual wastes have been considered as potential substitutes of wood pulp, especially oil palm fiber. However, a disadvantage of fibrous residual wastes for packaging production is the poor water resistance properties. To improve these aspects, a beeswax-chitosan solution was applied as coating on packaging paper, and the drying was done by hot pressing. The paper samples were made with different concentrations of NaOH (15%, 17.5% and 20% w/v) in alkali pulping process and with different doses of pulp by moist weight (200–300 g) to a paper frame (400 × 400 mm2) before testing their physical properties (average thickness; grammage; density; and water absorbency time) and mechanical properties (tensile strength; and tensile index). The biodegradation time was also tested. The optimal NaOH concentration found was 20.0%w/v. The average thickness of paper produced with 200, 250, and 300 g pulp per frame ranged from 0.92 mm to 2.20 mm, while the basis weight or grammage increased from 499 g/cm2 to 1461 g/cm2. The average grammage and smoothness of paper were increased by coating in comparison to non-coated paper, but presented bulk reduction from that of non-coated paper partly due to drying by hot pressing. The maximum 21.74 kN/m tensile strength and 96 min water absorbency time were observed for paper coated with beeswax–chitosan solution, while 0.75 kN/m tensile strength and 15 min water absorbency time were found for uncoated paper. About 70% weight losses were seen for all papers over decomposition for up to 60 days when buried in soil. The results obtained from this study opens the door for further work on oil palm fiber in paper making. The oil palm fiber has potential as a resource for fibrous paper production when coated with beeswax-chitosan solution for a long water absorbency time, and its use could contribute against deforestation. [Display omitted] • Oil palm fruit fiber can serve as raw materials of fibrous packaging paper. • A drawback common to cellulosic fibres on making packaging is the poor resistance to water and low mechanical strength. • Oil palm fiber coated with beeswax-chitosan solution could be used to make a fibrous packaging paper. • 70% weight losses were seen for all papers over decomposition for up to 60 days. • A novel type of fibrous packaging base paper in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper is part of LCA studies performed in the frame of FP7 project "Recovered Paper Sorting by Innovative Technologies - SORT IT". It analysis the results obtained by Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) of the reference case for recycled packaging paper manufacturing (current sorting technology), which will constitute a comparison base for new sorting technology developed in SORT IT project. The main stages considered in the life cycle were: recovered paper (RP) transport from collection center to paper mill, RP processing and recycling in paper production, wastewater and solid waste treatment. Special attention has been paid to detailed definition of the parameters that have a relevant impact on the whole assessment such as system boundaries, functional unit, quality standards for input data in term of time, geographic area, etc. Subsequently a life cycle inventory analysis was made. In the impact assessment stage, CML 2001 Dec.07 baseline impact assessment factors developed by the Centre for Environmental Science were used and the adjusted data were entered into the GaBi 4.4 LCA software and modeled into environmental inputs and outputs. The classification and characterization of essential elements in LCIA were applied to the inventory data in order to assess their potential impact on the environment. The contribution to various impacts categories was analyzed and, the characterized results were normalized. The results revealed that in recycled packaging paper manufacturing cycle the most important unitary processes that affect the environmental impact are the consumption of energy (electricity mainly) resources, natural gas used in steam generation, RP transport stage and packaging paper manufacturing unitary process (represented by recovered paper processing, paper machine, boiler and rejects/sludge treatment). All unitary processes were found to be significant sources of air and water emissions that affect the environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was developed here for benzophenone (BZP) detection in package paper samples based on polyclonal antibody. 4-Aminobenzophenone (ABZP) was used as hapten and conjugated with bovine serum albumin for antibody production. Cross-reactivity results showed that the antibody can be recognised BZP, ABZP and Michler's ketone very well (IC50 value was 31.2±7.8 ng/mL, 35.9±8.3 ng/mL and 43.7±8.2 ng/mL, respectively). After optimisation of the effects from pH, ionic strength and organic solvents on immunoassay, we established a rapid method and used for BZP detection in fortified package paper samples with good recovery data (98.5 and 99.7%) at 100 and 600 ng/g spiked level.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Thin aluminum oxide coatings have been deposited at a low temperature of 80°C on various uncoated papers, polymer-coated papers and boards and plain polymer films using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The work demonstrates that such ALD-grown Al2O3 coatings efficiently enhance the gas-diffusion barrier performance of the studied porous and non-porous materials towards oxygen, water vapor and aromas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Water barrier properties of three treated papers and of one plastic film were compared and the potential of these packaging films to prevent moisture loss from a sponge cake during storage in standard conditions (25°C and 50% relative humidity gradient) was evaluated. Sorption isotherms were established at 25°C for both sponge cake and papers, from which diffusivity values in papers were determined for the whole range of A w. Permeability of packaging films was determined in standard conditions. Water sorption was close for all papers, regardless of their treatment, whereas water diffusivity was reduced by coating or calendering. Water vapor permeability in papers was controlled by diffusivity which was characterized by a two-phases (vapor then bulk water state) mechanism. Calendered-coated papers and plastic film were both adapted to prevent moisture loss from intermediate moisture foods such as a sponge cake during usual storage time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The poor barrier properties and hygroscopic nature of cellulosic paper impede the wide application of cellulosic paper as a packaging material. Herein, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based polymer coating was used to improve the barrier performance of paper through its good ability to form a film. Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) was used to enhance the water resistance. The effect of the absorptive characteristics of the base paper on the barrier properties was explored, and it was shown that surface-sized base paper provides a better barrier performance than unsized base paper. Nanoclay (Cloisite Na+) was used in the coating formulation to further enhance the barrier performance. The results show that the coating of PVA/AKD/nanoclay dispersion noticeably improved the barrier performance of the paper. The water vapor transmission rate of the base paper was 533 g/m2·day, and it decreased sharply to 1.3 g/m2·day after the application of a double coating because of the complete coverage of the base paper by the PVA-based polymer coating. The coated paper had excellent water resistance owing to its high water contact angle of around 100°. The grease resistance and mechanical properties of the base paper also improved after coating. This work may provide inspiration for improving the barrier properties of packaging paper through the selection of a suitable base paper and coating formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we fabricated a starch-based flexible coating for food packaging papers with excellent hydrophobicity and antimicrobial properties. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) spectra revealed the homogeneous dispersion of the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) in the composite film within 5% ZnO NP dosage. SEM (scanning electron microscope) and AFM (atomic force microscope) micrographs confirmed the increased roughness on the composite film with the increased dosages of ZnO NPs. Hydrophobic characteristics showed that dramatic enhancement was obtained in the values and stabilities of DCAs (dynamic contact angles) in the resultant film and coated paper. TG (thermogravimetry) results demonstrated the increased thermal stabilities of the composite films. Significantly, a decreased water vapor transmission rate was observed in the coated paper. When 20% guanidine-based starch and 2% CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose) was added, a flexible coating with excellent antimicrobial activity towards Escherichia coli can be obtained. Furthermore, the migration of ZnO NPs into the food simulants was well below the overall migration legislative limit. The resultant starch-based flexible composite film and coated paper established an effective approach to develop a green-based material for food packaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in packaging paper by dansylhydrazine (DNSH) derivatization. The samples were extracted by derivatization reagent for 30 min, and derived for 24 h. After purifying treatment with a PSA/C18 cartridge, a Diamonsil ® C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μ m) was used as stationary phase for separation, the mixtures of acetic acid aqueous solution (pH 2.55)-acetonitrile were used as mobile phases by gradient elution, and the excitation and emission wavelengths were 330 nm and 484 nm, respectively. The results showed that the recoveries of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde spiked in the samples were 81.64%-106.78%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.02%-5.53% ( n =5). The limits of detection of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were 19.2 μ g/kg and 20.7 μ g/kg, respectively. The limits of quantification of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were 63.9 μ g/kg and 69.1 μ g/kg, respectively. The method is simple, sensitive and reproducible. It provides a basic approach for the determination of trace formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.