Search

The study presented in this article discusses ancestral African and aphrodiasporic knowledge in order to enhance the teaching of chemistry from the perspective of an anti-racist education. Therefore, a class was given on the foundry and the forging of iron, using the chemical concepts contained in the myth “Ogun creates the forge”. The analyzed fragments identified the relationship between chemical knowledge and ancestral African knowledge, in addition to referring to the discussion on the role of the blacksmith in the struggles of Africans and their descendants in the diaspora.

L’inventaire détaillé des scories et des autres résidus de la métallurgie protohistorique permet d’obtenir une carte des sites de forge jusqu’alors inédite en Alsace. À l’échelle du site, la répartition spatiale des vestiges permet de formuler des hypothèses sur l’emplacement de la forge dont la structure est parfois légère et peut être entièrement effacée. Le classement des scories en familles typologiques renseigne sur la variété des opérations accomplies au sein de l’atelier et autorise à proposer une estimation des volumes de fer travaillé. Les faciès d’atelier définis pour chaque site permettent de les classer selon leur position dans la chaîne opératoire de la transformation du minerai de fer en objet fini. La mise en perspective géographique et chronologique de cet inventaire apporte un éclairage sur l’évolution des échanges liés à l’économie du fer dans une région où les preuves d’extraction et de transformation du minerai demeurent inexistantes pour la Protohistoire. Based on a detailed inventory of slag and other Protohistoric metallurgy residues, I produced a map of forging sites previously unknown in Alsace. The spatial distribution of remains at the sites themselves enabled me to formulate hypotheses on the location of the forge, whose structure is sometimes light and can be entirely obliterated. My typological classification of slags provides information on the variety of operations accomplished within a workshop and enables an estimation of the iron volumes worked. Based on the workshop facies defined for each site, I was able to classify them according to their position in the chaîne opératoire (production sequence) of the transformation of iron ore into the finished object. My geographic and chronological contextualization of this inventory sheds light on the development of exchanges linked to iron in a region in which no evidence has yet been found for the extraction and transformation of ores in Protohistory. Das detaillierte Inventar der Schlacken und anderen frühgeschichtlichen Metallurgieabfälle ermöglicht die Kartierung der noch unveröffentlichten elsässischen Schmiedestätten. Die Kartierung der Funde auf den Fundplätzen erlaubt es Hypothesen bezüglich der Lage einer Schmiede zu formulieren, deren Struktur aufgrund ihrer zuweilen leichten Bauweise nicht immer Spuren hinterlassen hat. Die Klassifizierung der Schlacken in typologische Familien informiert über die unterschiedlichen Prozesse, die in einer Werkstatt stattfanden und erlaubt eine Einschätzung der verarbeiteten Eisenmengen. Die für jeden Fundplatz definierte Konfiguration der Werkstätten erlaubt es, sie in den Arbeitsprozess von der Gewinnung des Eisenerzes bis hin zum Fertigprodukt einzuordnen. Der geographische und chronologische Kontext dieses Inventars wirft Licht auf die Entwicklung der Eisenwirtschaft in einer Region, in der Nachweise der frühgeschichtlichen Eisengewinnung und -verarbeitung fehlen.

L’intervention archéologique menée au printemps 2018 à Rouvres « Les Prés Pourris » est latroisième opportunité de recherches dans la commune. C’est cependant la première à avoir abouti àune fouille complète et les apports pour la connaissance de la mise en place du village ne sont pasnégligeables.Les rares témoins antiques font écho à l’évaluation réalisée en 1998, plus au nord le long de la RN2.Les quelques fosses ou trous de poteau ne permettent pas d’identifier un quelconque établissementou ferme, il s’agit plutôt de témoins ponctuels disséminés le long d’un chemin menant à la rivière etremontant sans doute à l’établissement repéré à ?? au nord.En revanche, une occupation se développe à la fin du Ve et surtout entre le VIe et VIIe siècles. Lechemin et la rivière forment une trame aux vestiges d’habitat (bâtiments sur poteaux, fosse et foursculinaires) qui se répartissent de part et d’autre de la voie. Une extension de cette implantation plusau nord-ouest sous le village actuel est certaine. Durant cette période, le caractère domestique estpetit à petit supplanté par une activité artisanale métallurgique de production et de post-réductionavec de possibles travaux de compactage et mise en forme. Les indices sont multiples et biendocumentés car ils résident à la fois dans les déchets sidérurgiques que dans la variété des structuresde combustion, foyers en fosse et charbonnières. Ce corpus est complété par de l’outillagemacrolithique (broyeur, abraseur, support de frappe) et un moule de clé façonné dans une tuile.Durant la phase VIII-Xe siècles, les vestiges sont moins nombreux et l’occupation se recentre sansdoute sous le noyau actuel du village.Non loin du palais mérovingien de Ver-sur-Launette, cette occupation complète le maillage des sitesdu premier Moyen-Âge localisés sur un itinéraire probable entre Paris et Soissons. L’implantation duvillage a profité de plus d’une position hydrographique à l’intersection de deux bras de la rivière deLaunette. Les abords et le cours sont exploitées au moins dès le VIe siècle. L’installation d’un prieuré,dépendant de l’abbaye de Saint-Martin-aux-Bois (diocèse de Beauvais) et la gestion du cours d’eauseront des axes très prometteurs en cas de prochaines interventions en coeur de village.

A partir do estudo de narrativas ficcionais da literatura brasileira publicadas nas primeiras décadas deste novo século, tem-se por objetivo investigar a presença das mulheres velhas, especialmente aquelas que se destacam como narradoras e/ou como protagonistas. Pretende-se observar se e como a literatura contemporânea tem contribuído para forjar determinadas identidades, ou antes, para reforçar ou (des)construir padrões e papéis comumente atribuídos à figura feminina envelhecida. Busca-se, sobretudo, contribuir para afastar ou minimizar os estereótipos e o silenciamento acerca da velhice feminina (ainda) presentes em nosso cânone. Para tanto, são tomados como corpus os romances Mar azul (Rocco, 2012), de Paloma Vidal; Amor em dois tempos (Companhia das Letras, 2014), de Lívia Garcia-Roza; Quarenta dias (Alfaguara, 2014) e Outros Cantos (Alfaguara, 2016), ambos de Maria Valéria Rezende. Para dar suporte às análises, recorre-se às contribuições de Simone de Beauvoir, Guita Grin Debert, Mirian Goldenberg, Ecléa Bosi e Regina Dalcastagnè, entre outros.

This article examines how children draw on local sources of morality and moral worth to forge connections, build friendship and enforce distinctions across difference in a rural multicultural city ...

The ‘new institutional economics’ (NIE) can go a long way towards comprehending the emerging complexities of local government. As local bodies seek to forge collaborative partnerships with other organisations, they have to decide whether to solve horizontal co-ordination problems through market, hierarchy or network mechanisms. NIE can show that where other governance mechanisms are incomplete or subject to high transaction costs, trust and co-operation can informally develop through the process by which network interactions become embedded within each other. We show how this approach can be revised to take into account the expressive dimension of behaviour in hope-based networks whose members are bound together not so much by structures of resource dependence as by the hope and trust they place in the advancement of common goals. JEL: L38

In the forging industry, rolling is used to produce ring forgings, which are widely used in power and nuclear engineering. According to the technical conditions and established practice, large ring forgings are made using the operations of precipitation, piercing and rolling out with a striker on the mandrel.

This work was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council, under Grant ES/N009614/1 (Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats) with funding from the UK Intelligence Community and participating universities. Learning in extremist settings is often treated as operational, with little regard to how aspiring participants in extremist settings engage with complex and abstract ideological material. This paper examines learning in the context of the amorphous network of digital channels that compose the extreme-right online milieu. Through an in-depth qualitative analysis, we explore how well the prevailing model of extremist ideological learning (in ‘communities of practice’) accounts for the behaviour of aspiring participants of Fascist Forge, a now-defunct extreme-right web forum. The findings suggest that some of the social aspects of communities of practice have been replicated in the online setting of Fascist Forge. However, for a combination of technical and ideological reasons, the more directed and nurturing aspects of learning have not. Several issues are raised about the role of ideological learning in online communities, notably the open accessibility of extremist material, the lack of ideological control leading to potential mutation and innovation by self-learners, and the role of digital learning in the preparation, shaping and recruitment of individuals for real world organising and activism. Publisher PDF

Four generations of historians have studied the Holocaust, but consensus remains elusive. Theodor Adorno famously wrote that the unprecedented nature of this atrocity requires us to forge new means...

The young Borges sought to forge a literary destiny of his own, freed from his family’s expectation that he compensate for the literary destiny that had been denied his father, but it was the failu...

Several archaeological investigations have taken place in the village of Lockarp, just south of Malmö, Scania. These investigations have revealed the remains of a large Viking Age and early medieval farm, or manor. The aim of this article is to discuss the transition from pagan- ism to Christianity on the basis of two buildings in the Lockarp manor that are interpreted as a forge and a chapel. The buildings were situated inside a courtyard, in what was interpreted as the private, innermost area of the manor. The author describes the manor’s social status and the location of these two buildings, and dis- cusses whether the buildings are visible signs of the re- ligious transition.

espanolEn los anos sesenta del siglo XX, agrupaciones musicales provenientes de la sonoridad corralera de la costa caribena colombiana hicieron giras en Mexico. Su influencia propicio el surgimiento de algunas agrupaciones locales en la franja costena afrodescendiente del sur de Mexico, llamada Costa Chica. Uno de estos grupos, Mar Azul, colaboro a fraguar el llamado merequetengue, generico musical que fungio como vehiculo identitario y amasijo de una estetica propia, dando cuenta de procesos glocales y de una marcada localidad regional. La importancia que adquirio esta agrupacion derivo, mas tarde, en procesos translocales, al formar parte sustancial de la vida musical de la poblacion costena migrante, tanto en la Ciudad de Mexico como en varios estados de los EE. UU. El presente escrito analiza estos procesos –que evidencian relaciones Sur-Sur entre poblaciones rurales afrodescendientes–, mediante las nociones de glocalidad, localidad regional y translocalidad musical. EnglishToward the end of the 60s musical groups with origins in the corralero sound from the Colombian Caribbean coast made several tours in Mexico. Their influence led to the emergence of local groups in the Afro-descendant coastal strip of Costa Chica in southern Mexico. One of these groups, Mar Azul, collaborated to forge the so-called merequetengue, a music genre that served as an identity vehicle and a mixture of local aesthetics, evidencing glocal processes and regional locality. Later on, the importance this group acquired led to translocal processes, as it became a substantial part of the musical life of the migrant coastal population, both in Mexico City and in several states of the USA. This paper analyzes these processes –which show South-South relations between Afro-descendant rural populations- making use of the notions of glocality, regional locality, and musical translocality.

A letter from Guy de Bres to the Consistory of Antwerp in 1565 sheds light on a project promoted by the Prince of Orange to forge a union between the Calvinists and Lutherans in the Netherlands in ...

This article explores the development of strategic intelligence practice in Australia’s national intelligence community (NIC) since 9/11. It shows how strategic intelligence practice has been forge...

En este artículo de investigación se muestra, que durante la fabricación de hierro, las escorias han sido una fuente información del producto obtenido. Esto aplica a toda la historia de la fabricación de este metal desde el inicio de la edad del hierro. Los estudios en este campo se conocen como arqueo de metalurgia y se inicia desde la paleo metalurgia hasta el presente. Las escorias primitivas obtenidas a partir de su separación de la masa de hierro sólida obtenidas en procesos muy primitivos (hornos romanos) y más modernas como la forja catalana. Estudios petrográficos, de difracción de rayos X y de fluorescencia de rayos x, han revelado la existencia fayalita, en escorias siderometalúrgicas antigüas a temperaturas por debajo del punto eutéctico,deducidas como entre 1150°C y 1200°C. Más recientemente, la presencia de fayalita ha sido revelada en procesos de reducción operando con temperaturas menores a los 900°C. En este documento se presenta una explicación para tal hecho mediante un análisis de las energías asociadas a los sistemas. Cerámicos compuestos de FeO- SiO2-MgO- P2O5 presentes en dichos procesos. Palabras Clave: Hornos de fundición, hierro, experimentos, escorias, análisis, fayalita. Referencias [1]S.Rovira., “Museo Arqueológico Nacional/Univ. Autónoma de Madrid”, Francisco Burillo(Universidad de Zaragoza). Experimentos de Fundición de Minerales de Hierro en la Ciudad-Estado Celtibérica de Segeda (Mara, Zaragoza), 2004. [2]F.Gómez., “Minería y metalurgia en la antigüedad”. Trabajo Titular de Ciencia dos Materiais e Ingeniería Metalúrgica. Ferrol, Universidad de Coruña, 2006. [3]E.Ringdalen. “Parámetros de reacción del cuarzo en la producción del óxido de los materiales” Rev. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2016, pp. 43-49. [4]M.Meyer. “Caracterización de fase y micro estructural de pellet de mineral de hierro y su relación con prueba de fuerza de trituración en frío”. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review An International Journal, 2016. [5]Z.Sheng . “Relación entre el óxido Férrico y el sistema Fe2O3-SiO2 Al2O3”, 2015. [6]D.Fuller. “Fenómenos de Sinterización de finos en proceso de reducción directa”. Puerto Ordaz ,1965. [7]O.Dam. “Microfotografías de muestras de minerales Australiano (Mount Newman) y Venezolano (San Isidro) procesados en el reactor wustitico, mostrando la presencia de fase Fayalita”, 1993. [8]Q.Odeta. “Study on Formation Mechanism of Fayalite (Fe2SiO4 )by Solid State Reaction in Sintering Process”, 2017.

SUMMARY We expand the application of spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) from typical 1-D Vs profiles to quasi-3-D imaging via Bayesian Monte Carlo inversion (BMCI) using a dense nodal array (49 nodes) located at the Utah Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) site. Combinations of 4 and 9 geophones in subarrays provide for 36 and 25 1-D Vs profiles, respectively. Profiles with error bars are determined by calculating coherency functions that fit observations in a frequency range of 0.2–5 Hz. Thus, a high-resolution quasi-3-D Vs model from the surface to 2.0 km depth is derived and shows that surface-parallel sedimentary strata deepen to the west, consistent with a 3-D seismic reflection survey. Moreover, the resulting Vs profile is consistent with a Vs profile derived from distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data located in a borehole at the FORGE site. The quasi-3-D velocity model shows that the base of the basin dips ∼22° to the west and topography on the basement interface coincident with the Mag Lee Wash suggests that the bedrock interface is an unconformity.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as experiências com o rúgbi promovidas nas duas primeiras décadas do século XX, no Rio de Janeiro, Recife e São Paulo, cidades nas quais os britânicos tiveram notável presença em função do processo de diversificação econômica. Como fontes, foram utilizados jornais e revistas publicados no período em tela. Discute-se as peculiaridades da influência estrangeira na conformação do campo esportivo brasileiro em importante momento de sua consolidação. Debate-se como uma modalidade tão relacionada à identidade britânica foi apreendida e considerada em um país que buscava forjar uma ideia de cultura nacional a partir de leituras de manifestações de diferentes origens. Conclui-se que o rúgbi ocupou uma posição intermediária entre o críquete e o futebol, já que as iniciativas que houve não foram suficientes para popularizar a prática. De fato, tal caso permite perceber as particularidades e limites do processo de trânsito cultural. Abstract This study investigates the rugby experiences promoted in the two first decades of the 20th century in the Brazilian cities of Rio de Janeiro, Recife and São Paulo - where the British had a remarkable presence due to the process of economic diversification. Newspapers and magazines published in the period were used as sources. It discusses the peculiarities of foreign influence in the making of Brazil’s sports field at an important time of its consolidation. It debates how a practice so closely related to British identity was taken over and represented in a country that sought to forge an idea of national culture from readings of manifestations from different countries. It concludes that rugby played an intermediate position between cricket and football. The initiatives were not enough to make that sport popular. In fact, this case allows us to perceive the particularities and limits of the process of cultural transit. Resumen Este estudio tuvo por objetivo investigar las experiencias con el rugby promovidas en las dos primeras décadas del siglo XX, en Rio de Janeiro, Recife y São Paulo, ciudades en que los británicos tuvieron notable presencia en función del proceso de diversificación económica. Como fuentes, se utilizaron diarios y revistas publicados en el período. Se discuten las peculiaridades de la influencia extranjera en la conformación del campo deportivo brasileño en importante momento de su consolidación. Se debate cómo una modalidad tan relacionada a la identidad británica fue aprendida y considerada en un país que buscaba forjar una idea de cultura nacional a partir de lecturas de manifestaciones de diferentes orígenes. Se concluye que el rugby ocupó una posición intermedia entre el cricket y el fútbol, ya que las iniciativas que hubo no fueron suficientes para popularizar ese deporte. De hecho, tal caso permite percibir las particularidades y límites del proceso de tránsito cultural.

More than 50% of atypical meningiomas regrow within 5 years after surgery. FORGE score is a newly created tool to estimate the MIB-1 index in cranial meningiomas. In this investigation, we aimed to assess the predictive value of the FORGE score in combination with major diagnostic criteria of atypical meningioma (brain invasion, mitotic count ≥ 4) regarding recurrence in atypical meningiomas. We included patients operated on primary atypical meningiomas in our center from 2011 to 2019. The study included 71 patients (58% women, median age 63 years). ROC curves revealed a superiority of FORGE score combined with histopathological diagnostic criteria of atypical meningioma (AT-FORGE) in the prediction of tumor progression compared to FORGE score only (AUC: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54–0.91, cut-off: ≥5/&lt, 5, sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 78%). Patients with an AT-FORGE score ≥ 5 had a shorter time to tumor progression (32.8 vs. 71.4 months, p &lt, 0.001) in the univariable analysis. Multivariable cox regression analysis revealed significant predictive value of Simpson grade &gt, II, presence of multiple meningiomas and AT-FORGE score ≥ 5 for tumor progression. The combination of histopathological diagnostic criteria for atypical meningioma with FORGE score might facilitate an effective identification of patients with an atypical meningioma who have an increased risk of tumor progression.

Present study describes the effect of forge application under consideration of friction time on metallurgical and mechanical properties of friction welded joint for AISI 316. Direct drive friction welding (DDFW) has been utilized to obtain welded joints. Three friction times (6.5 s, 8.5 s and 10 s) with two directions for this study were used; the first direction was achieved by forge phase elimination and the second was performed under forge phase application. Macro-microstructure for welded joint, microhardness across the axial direction, tensile tests and tensile fracture morphology were investigated. As a conclusion, flash formation was decreased about 30% without forge compared to forge application. Thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) was extended in 8 mm at the interface without forge and highly plastically deformed zone (HPDZ) can be found at the interface after forge application. At shorter friction time for the two directions, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and ductility were revealed closer to AISI 316. Hence, all tensile fractures were occurred adjacent to the interface at TMAZ, except in the shorter friction time after in forge application, the fracture was happened at the base metal, and that was confirmed with the fracture morphology which has the same character of AISI 316.

espanolEste articulo da cuenta de la complejidad de la relacion naturaleza, sociedad y cultura en el corregimiento de Pueblo Bello, en el departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). Las rupturas en el tejido social ocasionadas por la violencia han desvanecido el encuentro de lo humano con su entorno. La comunidad del corregimiento de Pueblo Bello es un ejemplo de como los acontecimientos tragicos pueden ser una oportunidad para tejer nuevas relaciones desde y con la naturaleza EnglishThis article gives an account of the complexity of the relationship between nature, society and culture in the village of Pueblo Bello, in the department of Antioquia (Colombia). The ruptures in the social fabric caused by violence have vanished the encounter of the human with its environment. The community of the village of Pueblo Bello is an example of how tragic events can be an opportunity to forge new relationships from and with nature