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This study contributes to the Global Southern epistemological debates on the professional identity negotiations of Global-North-educated English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instructors. Using semi-structured interviews, the study analyses how two Saudi Arabian EFL instructors, during their PhD studies in the United States, and upon their return home, coped with the phenomenon of native-speakerism and navigated their way through the binary of Native English-Speaking Teachers (NEST) and Non-Native English-Speaking Teachers (NNEST) in their teaching. They appreciated their Western education not due to the traditional privileged-Global-North-andunderprivileged-Global-South binary but because of the many ways in which it helped them negotiate their translingual identity. They saw themselves as better placed to give constructive feedback to learners but critiqued the NESTs' inability to base themselves in the local culture and positioned themselves above NESTs due to their knowledge of indigenous Saudi culture. Thus, they dismantled the traditional privilege associated with nativespeakerism but did not hail one category over the other. Instead, they picked from both categories the materials, ways, means and attitudes that best served their purpose. They strove for hybridity. Through their negotiation of their foreign education and local challenges, they developed a unique translingual identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current article is to present the history of the Spanish lexeme perro ‘dog’ in Spanish lexicography. We will begin with an overview of the discussion of the etymology of the word itself and information about its earliest attestations. Subsequently, we will trace both the presence and the content of the dictionary entries for this lexeme from the beginnings of Spanish lexicography. The final part of the article considers contemporary lexicography, and thus we will address the rich phraseology associated with the lexeme perro, which may serve as a basis for further language and culture-related research. The article contributes to the field of cultural linguistics, but due to the examined corpus, it also includes observations of a lexicographic nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translating humour across languages and cultures is a complex task that requires more than just linguistic competency. It requires understanding the cultural background and social context of both the source and target languages. This study examines the applicability of cultural conceptualisations in translating Persian jokes into English. The study adopts Cultural Linguistics as an investigative framework (Sharifian, 2017) to analyse five Persian jokes and offer a strategy for translators to follow when translating jokes containing cultural conceptualisations. The study argues that cultural conceptualisations, such as cultural schemas, cultural categories, and cultural metaphors, play a crucial role in translating humour. By identifying and using cultural conceptualisations in the translation process, translators can ensure that the humour of the original joke is retained in the target language. This framework involves three stages: identifying the source language cultural conceptualisation, finding the equivalent cultural conceptualisation in the target language, and translating the joke to ensure laughability in the target language. The study also shows that humour is closely tied to cultural knowledge and assumptions and that what may be considered funny in one culture may not necessarily be funny in another. Therefore, cultural conceptualisations can serve as a bridge between different cultures and can help translators translate humour across cultural and linguistic boundaries effectively. The findings of this study offer important implications for translators and cultural communicators who aim to efficiently communicate humour and other forms of cultural content across languages and cultures.

When it comes to the perception and processing of social information, role schema serves as a key concept in cultural linguistics, which processes information about the perception of humans to make sense of the complex world and society, information about people, social groups, and events; therefore, the theory is valuable in deciphering culturally constructed concepts with the full range of human experience expressed through the linguistic picture of each ethnic community. Recognizing that the hierarchical cultural characteristics of the two ethnic communities of Vietnam and Japan are most clearly shown through the kinship words in the family and display the meaning of the role of each person in each family and society, we have named the paper "Similarities and Differences in Vietnamese-Japanese Language and Culture: A Study on the Domain of Words Indicating Kinship Relations from Role Schema Theory." In this paper, based on the theoretical perspective of the role schema in cultural linguistics, a survey and a study are conducted in detail on the similarities and differences between the Vietnamese and Japanese kinship words with collected data from Từ Điển Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese Dictionary; Phe, 2021) and Japanese dictionary - Shinmeikai Kokugojiden (Yamada et al., 2021). Based on the semantic characteristics, structural system, and cultural characteristics of Vietnam and Japan, the qualitative method is deployed to definitely demonstrate the characteristics through specific hierarchies in the class from kinship. In addition, quantitative methods are applied to draw diagrams and tabulate the number of kinship words in Vietnamese and Japanese to clarify the ability to operate similar and different cultural characteristics in these two languages. Thereby, we apply the research results of the article as a source of materials that not only support teaching and translation of a second foreign language but also serve as a foundation for applying situations of intercultural communication between Vietnamese and Japanese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prace Jezykoznawcze is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tanulmanyok is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anaquel de Estudios Árabes is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lesan-on Mobeen-on is the property of Imam Khomeini International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Working chiefly within the tenets of Cultural Linguistics (CL), this study examines the cultural and cognitive motivations that underlie selected death-oriented personal names among the Igbo of South-eastern Nigeria. Based on the cultural linguistic perspective, the analytical tool for the study is shaped by insights from cultural schemas, cultural categories and cultural metaphors as signifiers of ideation and social meaning. The cultural frames enable the language user to have a better understanding of the cultural and cognitive motivations that underlie the conceptualization of names and naming among the Igbo. Much has been done on the structure and sociological forms of Igbo personal names and their meanings, but only a few studies have been undertaken on the names that express the notions of death and dying in Igbo. More importantly, no previous study has used insights from Cultural Linguistics (CL) or the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) to explain the motivations for the preponderance of death-oriented names among the Igbo people. Thus, this study specifically aims to address the lacuna. The study reveals that the Igbo, like most African and other human societies, recognize and accept the inevitability of death. Consequently, they use language in diverse forms and contexts to express their perceptions of the horrors and pains associated with the inevitability of death. Songs, proverbs and ritual practices are some of the verbal and social semiotic forms through which the Igbo express their knowledge of and attitude toward death and dying. However, names and naming are the most vivid cultural cognitive patterns by which the Igbo show their understanding of the nature of death and dying and their psychological effects on the living. Constrained by space and scope, this study identified and classified six major death-oriented names among the Igbo, as follows: names that depict the overwhelming power of death; names that make an appeal to death; names that depict death as wicked/evil/terror; names that depict death as no respecter of wealth/social class; names that challenge/mock the assumed power of death; and names that depict death as an insensitive entity. Thus, the above frames constitute the major paradigms by which the Igbo express their knowledge of and attitudes toward death and dying.

The present study applies a cultural conceptualizations framework within the multidisciplinary field of Cultural Linguistics to the analysis of gratitude in dissertation acknowledgements (DAs), as a culturally-embedded genre written in Persian and English by native speakers of Persian. Benefitting from a corpus analysis approach to Cultural Linguistics, 185 English and 196 Persian DAs from language-related fields were selected randomly from DAs written in national universities in Iran as the corpus for the study. Grounded theory-driven analysis revealed a number of similar and different representations of Persian cultural schema and cultural metaphors between the sampled Persian and English DAs. Additionally, the unclosed cultural conceptualizations revealed a selective transfer of Persian cultural conceptualizations to the DAs written in English. The paper concludes with reference to the emergence of Persian English in the DAs. By complementing genre analysis with a Cultural Linguistics perspective, the study contributes to the literature on comparative genre analysis of DAs, moving it beyond move-step analysis to a more systematic in-depth cultural analysis. In addition, the findings advance the literature on Cultural Linguistics by revealing a relationship between cultural schema and cultural metaphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opera Slavica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relation between language, culture and cognition has attracted the attention of many scholars from various fields of study. Cultural Linguistics, as a multidisciplinary area of research that investigates the interrelationship between language and cultural conceptualizations, has managed to attract researchers from around the world. Drawing on different methodological approaches, researchers have employed its analytical and theoretical framework in a wide range of languages to look into the relationship between cultural cognition and language. In this article, after a brief introduction of Cultural Linguistics and its theoretical and analytical framework, some thoughts about several current issues in Cultural Linguistics are shared, including the lack of clarity of some terms, the relation between values and cultural conceptualizations, the interconnected nature of theoretical and analytical tools, the universality and variation of conceptualizations, some methodological issues in research, and globalization, politics and reconceptualization. This article hopes to encourage constructive discussions on these issues in Cultural Linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kurmanji is one of the three main varieties of Kurdish language, scattered across some areas of Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and both the West and Northeast parts of Iran. The current study adopted the taxonomy organization approach in analyzing the lexicon related to conceptualization of domestic animals in Kurmanji according to Ecolinguistic frame. The data collection method follows the Guide to collecting dialects for the treasury of Iranian dialects. It operates through three stages: literature study, individual interview, and focus group interview. Data was analyzed based on lexican process suggested by Malt, Sloman, & Gennari and, the analyzing frame of folk biological classification and nomenclature, presented by Berlin, Breedlove, & Raven. Participants were selected based on convenience sampling, and the interview process continued till the saturation point was reached. Participants were native speakers aged 45-75 years old. Results revealed that “Same porotypes, different boundaries”, and “Nesting” imply a significant role in Kurmanji nomenclature‌ of domestic animals and led to a recognizable classification of the lexicon based on factors like gender, age, color, verbs, treatment, and occupation. The Kurmanji culture seems to be enriched by the Folkbiological knowledge of speakers and their direct experiences. Also, cultural factors such as the experience of direct exposure and extensive ecological knowledge regarding domestic animals have led to the lexicalization of various concepts to illustrate the magnitude value of animals in Kurmanj’s culture and lifestyle.

Introduction. The article deals with the linguocultural units of value considering them as the main objects of cultural and cognitive analysis to obtain data for compiling nationally oriented lexicographic sources, namely, a nationally oriented linguistic and cultural dictionary for the Vietnamese who study Russian. The authors of the article argue that the implementation of a detailed analysis of value-marked elements that reflect cultural facts and realities, which are rooted in the national linguistic consciousness, is a recurrent theme in modern comparative lexicography. The scientific novelty and significance of the study are based on the practical application of its findings in the field of comparative lexicography, a successfully developing scientific area.Methodology and sources. The article focuses on a comparative study of phraseological units of Russian and Vietnamese linguocultures. The comparative study is carried out using interpretive analysis as well as analysis of definitions. There are used data from dictionaries of various types.Results and discussion. The key objects of cultural and cognitive analysis are linguocultural units reflecting the realities of culture and values of a particular nation. The material of the study allowed the authors to consider some characteristics of the conceptual division of the world and of its conceptualization with the assistance of language distinctive for both Russian and Vietnamese linguocultures. Thus, a comparative analysis of Russian and Vietnamese set phrases, which reflect the peculiarities of the national worldview, made it possible to draw conclusions about the existing national and cultural differences between Russians and Vietnamese, and, that is most importantly, about the existing of discrepancies in the attitude of Vietnamese and Russians to certain values - a circumstance, that must be taken into account in development of linguistic and cultural educational lexicography.Conclusion. The concept of nationally oriented educational lexicography as a special field in a number of other linguistic disciplines aims at fulfilling the tasks of acquiring foreign cultural awareness avoiding any possible interference. The importance of nationally oriented educational lexicography arises from the need to create such teaching aids that will most adequately facilitate the process of foreign language mastering. In our specific case, it will assist a Vietnamese to study the Russian language as a means of intercultural communication.

The article considers causes that generate impediments to scientific synergy of "western", Polish and post-Soviet versions of Cultural Linguistics (CL): (1) language "preservation", (2) "terminological indifference", (3) profanation, (4) feeble imitation and (5) ideological commitment. The common problems for all three versions of CL are revealed. They are language "preservation" and terminological indifference" that have been caused by the lack of proper cooperation between representatives of different scientific schools. Therefore, in post-Soviet CL the severity of these problems is exacerbated by autochthony and ideological barriers. Just at this point, the substitution of linguomethodology for autochthonous culturological ideas engenders not only profanation and feeble imitation, but creates a basis for linguonarcissism and even linguonationalism.

Translation is considered to be the most economical type of intercultural communication. This idea is announced by Monica Năstase, a Romanian researcher who investigated the difficulty of translating realia words from Romanian into English. Realia are words and expressions for culture-specific items. As realia carry a very local overtone, they often represent a challenge for translators. They are born in popular culture, and are increasingly found in very diverse kinds of texts. In this paper we discuss the translation variants of such realia words as “colac”, “ie”, “mămăligă”, “horă” and “dor” from Romanian into English as they represent translatable lacunas and the interpreter has to be very accurate in transposing them into another language. At the same time we concentrate on the ways of rendering word combinations containing „privacy” lexeme in English, a value which is typical to the English and American cultures, and analyse variants of these realia words translated into Romanian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines animal metaphor in Akan. It hinges on cultural linguistics and its sub-branches cultural metaphor and worldview metaphor by Sharifian (2017, 2015) and Lakoff and Johnson's conceptual metaphor (1980). The paper postulates that Akans use animal behaviour, structure and movements to represent human behaviour in metaphors. The areas to be covered are proverbs, panegyric poetry, Akan state and clan totems and symbols. The paper argues that Akans use animal metaphor to depict their indigenous knowledge, philosophy, worldview and environmental knowledge about fauna. The study is qualitative, and employs library studies, internet sources and interviews from four renowned Akan scholars. The paper argues that even though animal metaphor is universal, the attributes for specific animals are language and culture specific. This paper delves into Akan interdisciplinary research in cultural linguistics, ethnography of communication, cognitive linguistics, anthropology and oral literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the article lies in the need to identify the socio-cultural and national semantic components of the precedent name Lenin in the cultural space of Russian language native speakers. Studying precedent names is a key to describing and identifying cultural and national values of native speakers of a particular language. The purpose of the research is to consider and identify the cultural and national features of the perception and understanding of the name Lenin by native speakers of the Russian language. To achieve the research goal, descriptive and statistical methods, methods of observation, psycho-semantic and linguistic-cultural analysis were used. The material for the analysis was provided by etymological and encyclopedic dictionaries of the Russian language, the data of free association experiments from Russian Associative Dictionary, Siberian Associative Dictionary, the Russian Regional Thesaurus Dictionary, contexts with the name Lenin from modern Russian media, selected from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The novelty of the study is that it is for the first time that the semantics of the proper name Lenin in the Russian language is described, an associative field for the stimulus Lenin in the Russian language consciousness is constructed, cultural and national peculiarities of perception and understanding of the given name in the texts of modern Russian mass media are considered and identified, socio-cultural and national semantic components of the precedent name Lenin in the cultural space of Russian speakers are identified. The scientific significance of the research lies, on the one hand, in a preliminary attempt to apply linguoculturological and psycholinguistic approaches to analyzing precedent names in the Russian cultural space, and on the other hand, in the possibility of using the material in teaching theoretical courses of cultural linguistics, psycholinguistics and media linguistics, as well as in courses on the theory and practice of intercultural communication.

The article describes an adapted version of the innovative technology flipped classroom, which can be used in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, especially in the context of distance learning. The relevance of the study lies in the need to create a methodology that meets the interests of the modern generation of students and is effective in the context of remote educational process. The purpose of the research is to describe the methodology for using the flipped class technology in a foreign language audience with the use of authentic Russian films - screen adaptations of literary works. To achieve this goal, analysis, systematization, generalization, description and other methods were used. The research materials were the feature film It Cant Be! (directed by L. Gaidai, 1975), stories by M.M. Zoshchenko Galosh, Funny Adventure, Wedding Accident, the play Crime and Punishment, files with theoretical and regional information, a file with tasks, a questionnaire. The methodology has been successfully tested with foreign students of non-philological specialties. A hypothesis was put forward, the innovative technology flipped classroom was adapted to teaching Russian as foreign language in the context of distance learning, authentic films-adaptations of Russian artistic texts were selected, and a system of exercises was developed. An experiment was carried out, and then the hypothesis was corrected, taking into account the questionnaire survey and control testing of students. The main results of the study are that the use of the suggested methodology increases the efficiency of the educational process, motivation of foreign students to study the Russian language, literature, traditions of Russian native speakers, literacy of students and their linguistic and cultural competence. It also forms the ability of foreign students to self-study and self-organization, as well as to successfully conduct the educational process in a distance learning environment. The authors of the article consider it promising to use the flipped classroom technology in teaching Russian as a foreign language based on the material of linguocultural and regional studies, with the help of which students will be able to master educational information in accordance with different levels of language proficiency.

The article compares the motivating signs of the concepts of bogatstvo and wealth based on eleven Russian etymological dictionaries and seven English etymological and four explanatory dictionaries. The author analyzed the words bogatstvo and wealth as the main representatives of the concepts in question and identified their motivating signs. The interpretation relied on the theory of mentality. The Russian concept of bogatstvo appeared to have 15 motivating sings that could be grouped into five blocks: 1) material wealth, 2) allocation of resources, 3) a share of property, 4) spiritual wealth, 5) values. The English concept of wealth demonstrated fourteen motivating signs represented as three blocks: 1) material wealth, 2) values, 3) spiritual wealth.

Language and culture are the main tools that constitute concepts in human cognition. Being a language unit, idioms are accepted as transmitters of culture. In this respect, idioms represent linguistic, cultural and national background of the history of humanity and gives various clues regarding worldview, linguistic worldview, national linguistic worldview, historical, social, cultural, material and spiritual life conditions of different cultures. The departure point of this study is the fact that each culture has its own time rhythm and time language. In this study, the idioms with the word "zaman" in Turkish, "время" in Russian and "time" in English were examined, and the concept of "time" was compared in these three languages. For this purpose, the cultural linguistic method that enables to foreground nationalcultural characteristics of the language transmitters in aforementioned languages was used within the framework of the approach in Russia. The novelty of the study results from the fact that the concept of "time" having a significant place in human life was dealt for the first time comparatively in Turkish, Russian and English idioms that included the word "time" by means of cultural linguistic method. As a result of the study, it was seen that the mentality, socialcultural characteristics, national cognition and etnocultural characteristics of the mentioned language transmitters were reflected in their idioms, and the way they perceived and used "time" gave important clues regarding their ethnic time perception, universal time and time worldviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the marked presence of humour in many areas of thought and language, as well as in people's social, emotional, and aesthetic experiences, it comes as no surprise that humour studies are considered an interesting interdiscipline worth studying. This paper is, therefore, an attempt at joining three academic fields, namely advertising discourse, Cultural Linguistics, and humour studies. The author will enquire into the operation of (debatable) humour applied in multimodal advertising discourse. She will make the cultural aspect the focus of attention in order to highlight the role of cross-cultural differences in the perception of humour. Based on her previous studies (Stwora 2020a, 2020b) on attitudinal responses to controversial humorous ads in English, she will join in an exploratory discussion with a view to showing the ways in which ad reception may be influenced by the culture-specific force of humour. Working towards a more comprehensive outlook on humour in use in the context of advertising discourse, the present paper will start with a few words on humour in general and on debatable humour in ads. Then, the cultural side of humour will be discussed. Finally, the author will discuss her research from the cultural standpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the metaphors, metonymies and their interaction in Jordanian Arabic (JA) to conceptualize ANGER. It also investigates the differences/similarities in the conceptualization of ANGER in JA and English to determine if culture has a role in its metaphorical and metonymical conceptualization. The study adopts Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Cultural Linguistics (CL) as theoretical frameworks to identify and analyze the target metaphors and metonymies. The JA data was collected from two sources: 20 female and male JA native-speaker informants and a Jordanian comedy show called 'Female'. The English ANGER metaphors and metonymies were collected from Lakoff and Kövecses's (1987) study. The qualitative data analysis has revealed that ANGER is conceptualized in JA through conceptual metaphors with a metonymic basis, pure conceptual metaphors, pure conceptual metonymies and conceptual metonymies with a metaphorical interpretation. The results show that similarities were found in the conceptualization of ANGER through metaphor and metonymy in both languages which were ascribed to universal embodied cognition. Differences were also detected between the two languages, especially in the use of culture-specific source domains and in the use of metaphtonymies (conceptual metonymies with metaphorical interpretation) that may reflect cultural beliefs related to ANGER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to show how cultural linguistics, a newly created multidisciplinary field of inquiry, can contribute to translation studies and the translation of humor as a culturally constructed feature. The study begins by outlining the research's goals and objectives and the fundamental principles that make up our model of analysis by implementing the General Verbal Theory of Humor (GVTH). Then, as the study's major goal, we offer a new model for humor translation that includes a typology of conceptual structures for humor translation analysis, a significant step forward in translation studies that contributes to ongoing research in translation theory and practice. Later, we show how the suggested model and its typology of conceptual structures can be used in studies to analyze samples selected from novels in translation into English. The data was obtained from 50 data points from five selected audio books from three novels: Jane Eyre, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, and Ivanhoe. Six parameters were used to analyze the data: script opposition (SO), logical mechanism (LM), situation (S), target (T), narrative strategy (NS), and language. The findings showed that the most important contributions and implications of LM are varied and simple narrative strategies combining dialogue study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a brief report about the international scientific and practical conference “Japanese Language in Educational Space”, held on March 11–13, 2021 at the Institute of Foreign Languages of the Moscow City University. The first conference on teaching the Japanese language was held in 1994 at the IAAS Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov. Later, such conferences began to be held, first, once a year, and, later, twice a year. These conferences deal with the problems of teaching the Japanese language, as well as various methodological, linguistic, and linguo-cultural issues. The organizers of this conference are Moscow City University (MGPU), the Association of Teachers of the Japanese Language of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries, and the Japan Foundation. These conferences are necessary to improve the methodological and professional level of Japanese language teachers. They are of great importance for young teachers, since there is an opportunity to listen to reports at the conference on various issues of methods of teaching the Japanese language, reports on linguistics and linguo-cultural studies. The program also includes reports in Japanese, which helps to improve the language proficiency of teachers. A collection of articles is published based on the materials of the presentations made at the conference.

The problems of lexicography of new words that appeared in the Russian language in the 21 st century are considered based on the materials of the upcoming thematic Explanatory Dictionary of Unity and Enmity in the Russian Language of 2000–2020. The author of the article is one of the dictionary compilers. It is stated that the difficulties of describing new borrowed lexical units, that are at the stage of usage, are associated with the establishment of their lexical, grammatical and stylistic characteristics. Criteria for their determination are proposed. The principles of choosing the variant of heading word spelling in a dictionary entry are argued. Based on the methods of definitional, linguoculturological and content analysis using textual material extracted from mass media resources, a methodology for compiling a dictionary entry has been developed, which makes it possible to give a detailed description of the lexical, grammatical, stylistic, paradigmatic and pragmatic characteristics of current borrowings. As a result of this technique application, a dictionary entry of Brexit neologism is presented, reflecting the unstable position of this lexeme in the Russian language system, the status of which fluctuates between a proper name and an appellative. The material and methodology for its systematization can be considered when compiling explanatory dictionaries of new words in the Russian language.

This article discusses the issue of the relationship between euphemisms and regional phenomena. The author dwells on the definition of euphemisms and the indication of their main features, emphasizing that the main aspect in understanding euphemisms is replacing a rude or undesirable word with a softer and more appropriate one. According to the author, understanding euphemisms that are found in the speech of residents of a certain geographical area is very important for heads of administrations at various levels, employees of departments, working with the local residents, i.e. for managers who ensure the well-being of city dwellers. The notion of euphemisms is closely related to culture and social attitudes that are developed in society. It is the link between euphemisms and culture, certain stereotypes, traditions of society, systems of values, etc. that makes the existence of regional euphemisms possible. In this study, a hypothesis is put forward about the presence of euphemistic substitutions, characteristic of a certain region. As part of the research, an attempt was made to identify euphemisms characteristic of the Tula region (Russia). Examples of direct discussion of Russian-language publications made in the “Overheard in Tula” community of the VKontakte social network serve as the empirical material for the study. As a result of the analysis, it was proved that in most cases, participants in communication use euphemisms when discussing the shortcomings and problems of their region. Understanding such use of euphemisms can help city managers in their work. The research reveals which regional events most often induce the residents of the Tula region to use euphemistic substitutions. Based on the comparison of selected discourse samples and data from lexicographic sources, it is determined whether the used substitutions can be considered euphemisms. The authors come to the conclusion that it is possible to speak about the existence of the very phenomenon of regional euphemisms and that its further study is much needed as it can improve the efficiency of city managers.

The research objective was to describe the Russian macroconcept of mother. The author analyzed its motivating and symbolic signs. The study was based on the National Corpus of the Russian language (www.ruscorpora.ru) and featured 15 etymological dictionaries. Nine out of 34 motivating signs could be identified as symbolic: creator, educator, Mother of God, head, earth, queen bee, start, reason, source. Most of the motivating signs indicated the antiquity of the macroconcept. Symbolic signs appeared to make up a quarter of the total volume of motivating signs. They can be combined into three groups: 1) (Divine) motherhood (four signs: creator, educator, Mother of God, earth); 2) foundation (three signs: start, reason, source); 3) superiority / leadership (two signs: head, queen bee). These three groups reflect the peculiarities of the Russian linguistic mentality, which preserved the memory of the cult of the Great Mother, reproduced first as the Mother Earthand later as Theotokos.

The research objective was to describe the structure of the borrowed macroconcept army, i.e. to determine its motivating and concept signs in the Russian mentality. The study involved nine etymological dictionaries and revealed six motivating signs, while nine explanatory dictionaries and language material made it possible to identify 32 conceptual signs: 1. Types and kinds of military units (eleven signs): air; (field) troops; armed (motivating signs to arm); (highest military / large) unit; naval; as opposed to naval and air forces; opposite of the elite military units; one / different branches of the armed forces; missile; ground (infantry / cavalry); without privileges. 2. Armed people (seven signs): Bolshevik (military forces) / Red Army; (military) men; army; aggregate; forces; composition of (several) corps and divisions; part of the active armed forces (at the front). 3. Purpose (six signs): war; to make capable of fighting (motivating signs); for conducting military operations; protection (of the state); ensuring the inviolability of borders and independence of the state; service. 4. Combat equipment (four signs): weapon (motivating signs); device (motivating signs); supply (motivating signs); to equip (motivating signs). 5. Leadership (two signs): state; under the general command of the chief military leader. 6. Association of people on a certain basis (two signs): a large number of people (united by a common feature: profession, social status, the same problem); proletariat / workers / workers.

This article examines the changes in the linguistic and cultural concepts of freedom (自由 zìyóu) in the Chinese linguistic worldview, which have occurred as a result of extralinguistic and socio-cultural transformations brought by globalization processes between the 20th and 21st centuries. The starting point of the research is the traditional ideas about freedom, rooted in Confucianism and the Taoist worldview, according to which disobedience and self-will of the individual can lead society and the country to chaos, so freedom should be limited by norms and prohibitions. By studying empirical data with the help of definitional, quantitative, interpretative, and contextual analysis, a total of more than 1000 phrases with the lexical unit of interest were gathered. Thus, the idea of freedom in modern Chinese society was described in great detail. The results obtained were accompanied with the data of the quantitative analysis of the most frequent collocations based on the materials of the Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese in Peking University. The article provides many examples that prove that the lexeme 自由 zìyóu occurs in phrases that describe numerous and diverse spheres of human activity. The conclusion was made that it has expanded its combinability capabilities as a result of the semantic shift that took place with the penetration of liberal ideas into China from the West. The research is of great importance and benefit for Chinese philologists, as well as for anyone interested in studying globalization processes and their impact on the traditional cultures of the East.

The article is aimed at a brief overview of the three basic lines of the cognitive approach to phraseological studies in Russian linguistics: modelling the concepts, represented by phraseological units, applying the theory of frames to the analysis of the formation of phraseological semantics, and interpreting the conceptual foundations of phraseological semantics against the cultural background. The most significant characteristics and variety of the three lines of research are determined; herewith the connection of these lines with one another is stated. The relation of the lines of cognitive approach to the paradigmatic and syntagmatic studies of phraseological signs is established. The article reveals the dominance of synchronic-diachronic view of the semantics of phraseological units, taking into account their etymology and the actual motivation, as well as their usage in the text. In conclusion, the prospects of the studies of phraseological units within the framework of cognitive linguistics are stated.

.The present multidisciplinary and descriptive-analytical study compares meaning representations (mental models) and conceptualizations of the Persian verb pooshidan and its English equivalent wear, in respect of covering the human body, in the general framework of psycholinguistics, cognitive semantics, and cultural linguistics. The aim of the study was to investigate the mental models and conceptualizations of Persian speakers and English speakers regarding the prototypical concepts of ‘pooshidan’ and ‘wear’. To do this, the authors availed of mental tableaus suggested by Johnson-Laird (1983). All Persian and English key words and phrases carrying the concept of ‘wear/cover’ existing in six monolingual and bilingual dictionaries made the statistical population and the sample included words and phrases containing the above-mentioned concepts. The results indicated that the mental models of Persian speakers and English speakers and also their conceptualizations have significant differences with little similarities in this domain. In addition, Persian speakers’ conceptualizations and meaning representations are wider and more complex. This results from their different cultural knowledge in the domain. Besides, Persian speakers, unlike the English speakers, avail of a number of light and compound verbs collocating with various covering objects to express the concept of ‘wear/cover’ which results in a wider polysemy for pooshidan than wear. .

This article focuses on the use of impoliteness strategies in the discourse of American, Bulgarian, Polish, and Ukrainian parliaments. Our research of impolite rhetoric, also known as unparliamentary language, is located on the intersection of cognitive pragmatics, cultural linguistics, and discourse analysis. We use an integrative framework, in which the pragmatics of impoliteness is underpinned by the cognitive model of the concept of impoliteness. We offer a description of impoliteness strategies in parliamentary discourse, single out the leading strategy of devaluation of the opponent, and define the stereotypical for each parliament verbal means of the strategy of devaluation and its tactics: criticism and belittlement of one’s merits and importance. Their verbal markers are lexicalized and syntactic units bearing the meaning of negative characterization, disrespect, mockery, sarcasm. We hypothesize that the variation of impoliteness strategies is different parliamentary discourses corresponds to linguistic, pragmatic, and sociocultural dissimilarities, and provide support for this through an empirical study. Linguistically, discursive means of devaluation in the American, Bulgarian, Polish, and Ukrainian parliaments are context free and context dependent, and their ratio varies. In all these parliamentary discourses, the lexicalized markers of impoliteness come from common mental source domains: negative evaluation, legal offence, democracy, deception, hostilities, their variation is due to corresponding construals of the world. Culturally, we claim that the form and content of impoliteness strategies is indirectly connected with a low-context culture in the USA as opposed to a high-context type of Slavic cultures. In the former, devaluation of opponents is mostly reached by lexicalized markers with inherent negative meaning; and in the latter, by syntactic context-dependent means. Pragmatically, the specific properties of impoliteness strategies in the four parliamentary discourses reveal their relation to the dominant politeness principles, which are negatively oriented in modern English and positively in Bulgarian, Polish, and Ukrainian.

The article is devoted to the multimodal analysis of the representation of the national-cultural phenomenon “Confucianism” in the field of advertising in modern China on the examples of nationally-oriented advertising texts of different thematic varieties. The relevance of the work is due to the importance of preserving and continuing the heritage of Confucianism in modern Chinese society, especially in the media space. Particular attention is paid to the multimodal analysis of verbal and non-verbal means of expressing the key concept of Confucianism “five constancies of a righteous person” in Chinese nationally oriented advertising texts. It is shown that the concept of “five permanencies” as one of the important components of Confucianism gets its continuation in the field of advertising in modern China, develops in accordance with the social life of the Chinese people in the modern era. It has been established that the use of the Confucian idea of the five permanencies of a righteous person can be considered as one of the most important and effective ways to create advertising with the aim of influencing the target audience of the Chinese domestic market. The conclusions and results of the study allow us to get a general idea of the concept of the five constancies of Confucianism, as well as the practice of its application as methods of manipulating public consciousness in modern Chinese advertising, which is of great importance for sinological research in various scientific fields.

The features of word-formation objectification of the concept FRIENDSHIP in the Russian linguistic picture of the world are considered. The research focuses on the structure and semantics of words that form a word-formation nest with apex “friend” in Russian. It was found that the word-formative nest with the top “friend” in Russian includes 53 words. The question is raised about the verification and clarification of the cognitive features of the “Friendship” concept identified at the previous stages of the analysis. It is shown that substantive derivatives embody in conceptual block I “friendship as a feeling and attitude” such new cognitive features as “uniting someone based on friendship, unity of views, interests; cooperationʼ and friendly, benevolent attitude towards someoneʼ, and in conceptual block II the subject of friendshipʼ — such new cognitive features as ʽthe subject of marital relations (only for females)ʼ, ʽthe object that is paired with another object, forming together whole. The analysis of verb derivatives revealed a new cognitive feature for conceptual block III “friendship as a process” is a cognitive feature “to render a friendly service, to serve”. The analysis of adjective and adverbi-al derivatives helped to substantiate the need to introduce into consideration a new conceptual block IV — “quality, property, feature, characteristic of attitude / feeling of friend-ship”, in which 9 new cognitive features were found.

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Kurmanji is one of the three main varieties of Kurdish language, scattered across some areas of Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and both the West and Northeast parts of Iran. The current study adopted the taxonomy organization approach in analyzing the lexicon related to conceptualization of domestic animals in Kurmanji according to Ecolinguistic frame. The data collection method follows the Guide to collecting dialects for the treasury of Iranian dialects. It operates through three stages: literature study, individual interview, and focus group interview. Data was analyzed based on lexican process suggested by Malt, Sloman, & Gennari and, the analyzing frame of folk biological classification and nomenclature, presented by Berlin, Breedlove, & Raven. Participants were selected based on convenience sampling, and the interview process continued till the saturation point was reached. Participants were native speakers aged 45-75 years old. Results revealed that “Same porotypes, different boundaries”, and “Nesting” imply a significant role in Kurmanji nomenclature of domestic animals and led to a recognizable classification of the lexicon based on factors like gender, age, color, verbs, treatment, and occupation. The Kurmanji culture seems to be enriched by the Folkbiological knowledge of speakers and their direct experiences. Also, cultural factors such as the experience of direct exposure and extensive ecological knowledge regarding domestic animals have led to the lexicalization of various concepts to illustrate the magnitude value of animals in Kurmanj’s culture and lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the linguocultural aspect of the emergence of the coronavirus pandemic neologisms. The similarities and differences between the English and Russian vocabulary of the coronavirus pandemic, generated by the specifics of the cultural code of intercultural communication participants, are analyzed. The relevance of the study is ensured by the continuous expansion of the coronavirus pandemic vocabulary, the permanent interest of linguists in the most popular part of the neological discourse of the English and Russian languages, the need for a scientific interpretation of collective experience reflected in the coronavirus pandemic vocabulary. The objective of the article is a linguistic and cultural analysis of the English and Russian coronavirus pandemic vocabulary to identify the peculiarities of the mindset of these neologisms’ creators in the definitions and contextual field of the given examples. The material of the study is the lexical units used in the speech of the inhabitants of the English-speaking (Great Britain, Ireland, the USA, Canada, Australia, India, South Africa) and the Russian-speaking areas recorded on the Internet. The fundamental research method is linguoculturological analysis supplemented by stylistic, semantic-axiological, comparative and componential analyzes. The role of the borrowing factor in compiling the corpus of the coronavirus pandemic vocabulary is also investigated. The regional specifics of lexical units that reflect the consequences of the spread of the disease is revealed. In particular, the article considers the specificity of the reflection of the emergence of new values on the stylistic layer of these neologisms in both Russian and English speeches.

The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of development and the current state of linguacultural meanings in colour terms that are used in English-language women’s prose. In the course of the analysis of the theoretical and methodological material, it has been revealed that the colour terms in the literary text contribute to the fact that the descriptions and pictures drawn by its author are perceived as correctly as possible by the reader, and the latter more accurately perceives the sensations and emotions experienced by the characters at different moments of the story. During the analysis of the corpus of selected contexts (more than 700 fragments) with colour terms (500 units) from the works of fiction of modern women’s prose – criminal literature of the British writer Elizabeth Haynes – a number of features have been established. All the analyzed works are rich in the use of various colours, generally the main ones, and their shades, but there are also other colours. Thematic groups of colour terms include descriptions of the appearance of the main and secondary characters, everyday realia of the surrounding world, phenomena and objects of the natural world, and other abstract notions. Frequently occurring primary colour terms that do not have a transfer of meaning have been distinguished, and less frequent secondary colour terms with a transfer of meaning, and the secondary ones usually had a more complex morphological and syntactic structure. The selected colour terms that describe the appearance of the characters and have a transfer of meaning are divided into two groups, one of which includes colour terms with a metaphorical component, and the other contains colour terms that form transferred epithets. Within the framework of the description of natural phenomena and objects, the authors distinguish fully metaphorized colour terms, partially metaphorized colour terms that include a metaphorized component that does not extend its influence to the other structural elements of the colour term, as well as colour terms represented by an explicit comparison. In general, colour terms fill the work with a deep content, an additional meaning that the author lays down when writing a literary work.

The article introduces the lexical-semantic aspect of the adjective poor in English, its synonyms, and antonyms. The analysis featured five English dictionaries: Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus, Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary, The Free Dictionary, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, and Merriam-Webster Dictionary. The author analyzed the lexical-semantic variants of the adjective and determined its meanings. The component analysis allocated 46 semes and sememes, which were combined into eight thematic groups: 1. People: (poor) people / a group, poverty, emaciated, not very skilful (in a particular activity), needy, humble, meek; 2. Animal: (hungry) animal; 3. Material means: having, material, possessions, mean, petty / (little) money / insufficient wealth, used of land, barren (land), unproductive (land); 4. Lack / shortage: lacking / deficient; 5. Something material: very little of the substance, (little of a particular) substance, (poor) food; 6. Resources: supply (of something specified – resources, materials), (poor) country; 7. Evaluation: bad / not good, (being of a very low) quality, (being of a very low) quantity, (being of a very low) standard, inferior / very little (in quality), inferior (in value), (less) amount, (less) rate, (less) number, little / few, (in bad) condition, not normal, less (than adequate) / scanty / inadequate, negative, small (in worth), quality; 8. Emotional attitude: exciting , pity, (deserving) sympathy, unlucky, disappointing , disagreeable, indifferent, unfavorable, no pleasure. The adjective poor appeared to have 37 synonyms and 13 antonyms.