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In this contribution, I reflect on the relationship between the ecological transition, sustainable development, and the protection and safeguarding of cultural and natural heritage. The environmental question and the heritagization processes have several aspects in common, starting with their emergence as supranational issues in late industrial societies, but they can also present areas of friction that allow the detection of development models, visions of the future, and different interests on goods and values at a local and national/global level, in contexts of socio-economic imbalances. To examine the issue, I analyze some socio-environmental conflicts in Sardinia (Italy), in which civic committees, movements, and associations act in defense of the common goods by opposing works (wind farms, drilling), projected toward a model of economic "development" which is considered "sustainable", based on the exploitation of relatively "clean" (methane) or renewable (wind) energy sources. In particular, this contribution examines the practices and the discursive strategies adopted by the parties involved, focusing attention on the different ways of using environmental issues, and those related to heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their defence of the school Jan Masschelein and Maarten Simons define it as a source of 'free time.' Drawing on Catherine Malabou's compelling reading of Heidegger in her The Heidegger Change, I aim to provide a strong ontological justification for the claims made on behalf of the school concerning free time, common goods, and renewing (changing) the world: the school provides free time; it transforms knowledge and skills into common goods; and it has the potential to give everyone the time and space to renew the world. The paper enquires into what 'free time as non‐productive time,' 'common goods,' and 'changing the world' mean on an ontological register, and why therefore the school is so precious and warrants our utmost care in the face of its conservative and progressive critics alike. I discern a single underlying notion, the notion of essence as mutability, constituting the link connecting free time, common goods, and renewal of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How societies can cope with flood risk along coasts and riverbanks is a critical theoretical and empirical problem – particularly in the wake of anthropogenic climate change and the increased severity of floods. An example of this challenge is the growing costs of publicly-funded flood defense in Britain and popular outcries during the regular occasions that the British government fails to protect property and land during heavy rains. Traditional approaches to institutional analysis suggest that flood management is either a public good that only the government is competent to provide or a private good to which individual landowners are ultimately responsible for supplying. We argue that an important cause of failure in flood management is mismatched property rights. This is where the scale of natural events and resources fail to align with the scale of human activities, responsibility and ownership. Moreover, the spatial dimensions of floods mean that their management is often appropriately conceptualized as a common pool resource problem. As a result, commons institutions as conceptualized and observed by Elinor Ostrom are likely to be major contributors to effective flood management. What governance process should decide the size and scope of these institutions? We argue that bottom-up responses to problems of mismatched property rights are facilitated within larger societies that are characterized by market processes. Moreover, the wider presence of price signals delivers to local communities essential knowledge about the cost of maintaining private property and the relative scarcity of the communal goods. We discuss how our theoretical positions align with experience in Britain and what the implications of our theoretical approach are for facilitating the development of better institutions.

Complementary currencies are usually seen as a by-product of collective movements for social change or as an institutional tool for local development: they are an outcome of collective action, not the origin of collective mobilisation. Empirical research on the Sardex complementary currency, though, suggests that money may support the emergence of collective action. Traditional economic theory considers any collective benefits provided by the economic system as the secondary effects of individual entrepreneurs seeking to maximise their profits. Entrepreneurs belonging to the Sardex network, though, do associate the use of the Sardex currency with direct collective benefits. This means they consider their business activities to be a form of collective action for promoting the common good of Sardinia's socio-economic development. Using the Sardex currency sets this collective action in motion: some Sardex members also work to expand the Sardex network without any expectation of economic gain.

The Municipality of Nonantola (Modena, Italy) has hosted for almost 1,000 years the agrarian ‘Partecipanza’, a shared area of ​​760 hectares today, result of a donation from the Abbey dating back to 1058. Through very complex historical events, this common good, different from a ‘civic use’ or a collective property, is still used by a part of the population where each “participant”, with an allotment every 12 years, assumes the responsibility for the economic use of a part attributed to him with periodic rotation. From the medieval era, in which its use was partly farming partly ‘woody’, since the nineteenth century it passed to a mainly agricultural use, but with the rise of the postindustrial era it experienced an ‘ecological turning point’ not only with the forest rebirth, but also with enhancement and fruition projects in the direction of an ‘environmental education’ which now affects the entire population, including immigrants. Relations with the Municipality are very close, and allude to innovative forms of self-government and widespread socio-territorial responsibility that make Nonantola an exemplary case of participatory democracy.

This article proposes to characterize the forms of conflict that oppose, particularly since 2018 in France, citizen and activist collectives to projects for the location of industrial activities in the economic sectors of digital platforms and leisure complexes. We situate these projects within the framework of private and public territorial development strategies conceived according to the paradigm of the creative economy. We have identified fifteen contemporary conflicts on the national territory related to construction projects of logistic sites for e-commerce or leisure complexes presented as having a cultural and creative dimension. We articulated a socio semiotic analysis of a corpus of press articles and institutional communiqués related to these conflicts with the realization of about thirty interviews with the local actors concerned. We will first show that these conflicts consist of an opposition between different perceptions and conceptions of spaces, at different scales; as such, they are part of a local geopolitics for the control of territories. Beyond local singularities, these phenomena have in common that they confront a set of practices established within public and private institutions with other paradigms of socio-economic development of the territories, claimed by the opponents of these projects. These conflicts concern both values and beliefs that opponents consider “outdated” or incompatible with the major contemporary societal issues (environment, social inequalities, taxation) and the very methods of managing public decisions. To a logic of the Public/Private contract, often covered by secrecy and which tends to invisibilize local socio-economic specificities for the benefit of a global harmonization, is thus opposed a process of construction of common goods, which rests on the articulation of multiple spatial scales. After having characterized the forms of organization and action of the actors concerned by these conflicts, we propose a model of these multiscalar politicization phenomena based on locally anchored contestations.

This paper aims to look for elements of democracy in the origins of the monastic chapter. These elements should be preserved and re-proposed in the legal instruments of civil law that could be most suitable for the management and the reuse of decommissioned monasteries and convents. Starting from the configuration of these goods as “common goods”, the legal instruments of cooperation pacts, participatory foundations and trusts could return these assets to the community as an opportunity of participation and democracy for the whole civil society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The judgement of the Italian Constitutional Court no. 131 of June 26, 2020, ruled on the legal regulation of the Third sector, recognizing the possibility for public institutions and Third-sector organizations to establish a “shared administration channel as an alternative to the profit and market ones”. This article starts from the assumption of “welfare common good” as a hermeneutic category to look at the regulatory horizon outlined by the sentence. Firstly, this category will allow identifying the limits and aporias related to the way in which the principle of subsidiarity has been concretely conceived of within the planning of public policies, specifically social ones, up to now. Secondly, the category of “welfare common good” will help re-signifying the legal devices belonging to the so-called “subsidiary law”, by connecting them to those experiences in which new forms of designing welfare services have been effectively implemented in a participatory sense, albeit they have intersected such a normative itinerary only in part so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The governance of shared resources through collective actions to prevent "the tragedy of the commons" has long been a controversial topic in management studies. Hampered by a lack of formal organisational structures, small locally-governed commons are usually managed through informal networks and, hence, largely studied in this context. However, Italy's formalised network contracts initiative provides a unique and relatively rare opportunity to study how the business-led collective action of a formal meta-organisation influences the use of commons. Using a mixed-methods qualitative approach, this paper reveals how particular organisational features, especially collaborative and social learning, can play a critical role in driving formal meta-organisations towards positive outcomes in three progressive stages: commons protection, commons stewardship, and commons governance. The analysis is framed by two different streams of literature – meta-organisation theory and sustainability science – with implications for the theory and praxis of both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the scientific results of the call for papers in SEPS titled 'Decision-Making Models for Common Goods in Environmental, Health, and Logistics Contexts.' As guest editors in Socio-economic Planning Sciences (SEPS), we describe the domain of our academic initiative and present the collected papers. Interestingly, our collection includes papers employing various methodologies such as multi-criteria decision making, game theory, operations research, microeconomics, computational models and insurance mathematics. We received more than fifty submissions from Asia, Europe and America. However, only thirteen papers were accepted for publication in SEPS. This demonstrates the extensive investigation of the problem of common goods and the ongoing academic debate surrounding it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article establishes the bioethical criteria that should be taken into account in the resolution of conflicts of environmental significance and proposes a procedure of justification and analysis. Its objective is to identify the gaps in knowledge about critical methodologies and urges for deliberative processes that favor plural and proactive participation. It poses as a thesis that in environmental problems it is necessary to understand the contingent nature of life. At the base of environmental problems there exists a controversial way to value biodiversity and the environment, and it is considered convenient to conceive of biodiversity and the environment as common goods, given that the welfare and survival of the population inhabiting the area are depends on them. It concludes by pointing out that the setting of bioethical criteria is a task to be developed and reveals the emergence of a field that unites new knowledge and practices around bioethics.

Collective financing, in the form of either public domestic revenues or pooled donor funding, at the country level is necessary to finance common goods for health, which are population-based functions or interventions that contribute to health and have the characteristics of public goods. Financing of common goods for health is an important part of policy efforts to move towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). This paper builds from country experiences and budget documents to provide an evidence-based argument about how government and donor financing can be reorganized to enable more efficient delivery of common goods for health. Issues related to fragmentation of financing—within the health sector, across sectors, and across levels of government—emerge as key constraints. Effectively addressing fragmentation issues requires: (i) pooling funding and consolidating governance structures to repackage functions across programs; (ii) aligning budgets with efficient delivery strategies to enable intersectoral approaches and related accountability structures; and (iii) coordinating and incentivizing investments across levels of government. This policy response is both technical in nature and also highly political as it requires realigning budgets and organizational structures.

Common goods such as air, water, climate, and other resources shared by all humanity are under increasing pressure from growing population and advancing globalization of the world economy. Safeguarding these resources is generally considered a government responsibility, as common goods are vulnerable to market failure. However, governments do not always fulfill this role, and face many challenges in doing so. This observation—that governments only sometimes address common goods problems—informs the central question of this paper: when do governments act in support of common goods? We structure our inquiry using a framework derived from three theories of agenda setting, emphasizing problem perception, the role of actors and collective action patterns, strategies and policies, and catalyzing circumstances. We used a poll of experts to identify important common goods for health: disease surveillance, environmental protection, and accountability. We then chose four historical cases for analysis: the establishment of the Epidemic Intelligence Service in the US, transport planning in London, road safety in Argentina, and air quality control in urban India. Our analysis of the collective evidence of these cases suggests that decisions to advance government action on common goods require a concisely articulated problem, a well-defined strategy for addressing the problem, and leadership backed by at least a few important groups willing to cooperate. Our cases reveal a variety of collective action patterns, suggesting that there are many routes to success. We consider that the timing of an intervention in support of common goods depends on favorable circumstances, which can include a catalyzing event but does not necessarily require one.

Copyright of Co-herencia is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The 2030 Agenda has influenced the design of public policies in Colombia and other countries in the region, but there are many gaps in the way a global policy can be interpreted and adapted to the territories. Thus, this article aims to critically evaluate the public policy of sustainability implemented in the Colombian Caribbean and to suggest contributions from an intercultural socioenvironmental justice perspective. For this purpose, the public policy of sustainability that orients the plans for the use of insular ecosystems in Cartagena de Indias has been examined and confronted with local evidence that shows significant changes in the forms of life and ecological degradation in multi-temporally analysed coverages. Methodologically, this research is based on three aspects: the theoretical discussion of the notions of sustainability and justice in public policies, spatial databases to analyse the transformation of landscapes and ethnographic work with Afro-descendant peoples to recognise their socioecological systems. We found that the public policy of territorial planning aligned with the 2030 Agenda nominally includes a rights approach, but management practices or governance structures do not consider the very high asymmetry in land tenure, the growing private and non-participatory regulation of coasts and the sea or the exclusion of Afro-descendant peoples who claim tenure and autonomy rights. Then, we propose integrated dimensions of sustainability that overcome the socioecological negativity observed and articulate criteria of intercultural justice in public, social and environmental policies.

ABSTRACT While fastidious microbes can be abundant and ubiquitous in their natural communities, many fail to grow axenically in laboratories due to auxotrophies or other dependencies. To overcome auxotrophies, these microbes rely on their surrounding cohort. A cohort may consist of kin (ecotypes) or more distantly related organisms (community) with the cooperation being reciprocal or nonreciprocal and expensive (Black Queen hypothesis) or costless (by-product). These metabolic partnerships (whether at single species population or community level) enable dominance by and coexistence of these lineages in nature. Here we examine the relevance of these cooperation models to explain the abundance and ubiquity of the dominant fastidious bacterioplankton of a dimictic mesotrophic freshwater lake. Using both culture-dependent (dilution mixed cultures) and culture-independent (small subunit [SSU] rRNA gene time series and environmental metagenomics) methods, we independently identified the primary cohorts of actinobacterial genera “Candidatus Planktophila” (acI-A) and “Candidatus Nanopelagicus” (acI-B) and the proteobacterial genus “Candidatus Fonsibacter” (LD12). While “Ca. Planktophila” and “Ca. Fonsibacter” had no correlation in their natural habitat, they have the potential to be complementary in laboratory settings. We also investigated the bifunctional catalase-peroxidase enzyme KatG (a common good which “Ca. Planktophila” is dependent upon) and its most likely providers in the lake. Further, we found that while ecotype and community cooperation combined may explain “Ca. Planktophila” population abundance, the success of “Ca. Nanopelagicus” and “Ca. Fonsibacter” is better explained as a community by-product. Ecotype differentiation of “Ca. Fonsibacter” as a means of escaping predation was supported but not for overcoming auxotrophies. IMPORTANCE This study examines evolutionary and ecological relationships of three of the most ubiquitous and abundant freshwater bacterial genera: “Ca. Planktophila” (acI-A), “Ca. Nanopelagicus” (acI-B), and “Ca. Fonsibacter” (LD12). Due to high abundance, these genera might have a significant influence on nutrient cycling in freshwaters worldwide, and this study adds a layer of understanding to how seemingly competing clades of bacteria can coexist by having different cooperation strategies. Our synthesis ties together network and ecological theory with empirical evidence and lays out a framework for how the functioning of populations within complex microbial communities can be studied.

We propose an introduction to the knowledge commons based on an attempt to define the commons themselves, and then evaluate how they are related to the intangible fields of knowledge and the digital. It seems difficult to settle on a canonical definition of the commons. Despite a rapidly growing scientific corpus, there are still different approaches according to countries, regions, cultures... But this is certainly a benefit : the commons are above all the result of lived experience. The article presents different approaches to the commons, both in theoretical debates and in the practices of movements associated with resource sharing. It documents the shift from theory mainly concerned with localized resources to cooperative practices expanded through digital technology.

Can open data be considered as common goods? The work to pre-process or edit data in order to make them available on cities’ open data portals transforms them into shared resources. As such they seem to have the potential of being a common good. However, this article points out some elements that limit this statement. Firstly, especially in regards to real time data, providers are not required by license to maintain a continuity of service. Secondly, re-users (developers) do not participate in data governance. Finally, local authorities involved in urban commons never present open data as being open. These conclusions are grounded in analyses of cities’ open data portals and interviews with open data developers.

Giftedness for common goods. Pedagogical reflection on the WISC model of Sternberg. Giftedness represents an emergent topics in the educational and psychological field in Italy. The present paper will focus on the WICS model of Sternberg, an alternative model of giftedness that goes beyond a traditional conception of the construct. Traditional models describe Giftedness as a feature related mainly to high intelligence. According to the WICS Model the main goal of a Gifted person is to pursue the common Good. The paper will describe each component of the model and will bring some educational reflections.

Cooperation, participation, trust: Restorative Circles in governing common goods. In order to avoid the so-called tragedy of commons, Ostrom proposed an alternative approach to the classical state control vs. privatization dichotomy in governing common goods; it is based on the idea that appropriators can co-operate and safeguard common goods without the control of an external institution. In this perspective, understanding which are the conditions that promote cooperation instead of individualistic behaviors is necessary. Among other variables, trust in other group members is very important in cooperative strategies; when referring to groups involved in decision-making processes, the swift trust is often mentioned: it is a form of trust occurring in temporary structures, which is mostly based on cognitive components and stereotypical expectations, it is very quick but also very fragile. In this paper, the method of Restorative Circles is presented; it is a method of group facilitating, used in USA restorative justice and in neighborhood decision-making groups. It is proposed to use Restorative Circles in the governance of common goods, in order to promote a form of trust quicker than ordinary trust, but stronger than swift trust, because it is based on a deeper knowing of other group members. Restorative Circles could be effective in promoting participation, trust among participants and between participants and local institutions, rendering commons’ governance easier and more efficient

The article analyzes, from the Mbya Guarani's way of being and living, the ka'aguy heté reguá cosmoecological category and how it relates to the territory. The study is made after the characterization of their access, use and circulation spaces, among the reciprocity practices that happen inside and amidst the villages that compose the Guarani territory, in Rio Grande do Sul coast. Access conditions are presented, as well as the exchange flow of plants among 13 villages, which encompasses dimensions permeated in spiritual and cosmoecological ways. The territorial mobility is connected to the handling of seeds, leaves and fruits, and it involves multiple knowledges and the coexistence of beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The research aims to verify to what extent the Viva São Pelegrino Project, in Caxias do Sul - RS, is in line with the ideals of the right to the city and the urban common. Discussion: The first topic addresses the concept of the right to the city is pointed out, normative reception and relationship with the meanings of the common. Afterwards, the urban common is studied, identifying the city as common and the city commons. Finally, categories are chosen that summarize the right to the city and the urban common, which will serve to analyze the conformity of the Viva São Pelegrino Project. Methodology: The analytical approach method was used, with bibliographic procedure and case study. Results: Among the seven categories, five were verified, and the shortcomings are in the choice of location, for being a space with infrastructure, and in the insufficient approach to the topic of segregation and property. Social / management contributions: It was verified, when observing the Project under analysis, that the right to the city and the urban commons, normally approached theoretically, can be guidelines for urban management and social mobilization in cities, with concrete results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The point of departure for this study is the understanding of customer relationship management (CRM) as a set of technological solutions key for efficient business management, the benefits of which, highlighted by previous works, are presented and defined here as crucial for entrepreneurial success. Of particular interest for this purpose are the existing studies on sustainability, which provide a viable research model to assess and validate the potential effect of each CRM component (sales, marketing, and services) on the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental, and social). Upon confirmation of our hypotheses, the subsequent validation of such model should bring a better understanding of the way in which CRM-related benefits may increase the positive impact of its components on each dimension of sustainability. CRM can hence be considered a sort of Green IT, oriented toward digital transformation and sustainable business model innovation. Indeed, this research model may be the basis for a more specific methodology to measure the impact and benefits of applying CRM, understood, as we will contend, both in terms of sustainable business models and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Polis (07176554) is the property of Polis - Revista Academica Universidad Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polis (07176554) is the property of Polis - Revista Academica Universidad Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eutopía: Revista de Desarrollo Económico Territorial is the property of Eutopia: Revista de Desarrollo Economico Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the wake of scandals at Cambridge Analytica/Facebook and Sinclair Broadcasting Group, the ethical implications of a digital economy for thought, word and deed come to the fore in political economy. Such questions require media ecological consideration for grounding ethics in the communicative domain between self, other and world. This theoretical exploration parses the historical intersections of studies in media ecology and political economy in an effort to understand both the medium of exchange and the ethical principle or techno-economic paradigm inherent to that medium. Media ecology is necessary for cultivating the ethical ground of political economy and reflectively engaging the implications of a hypermodern techno-economic paradigm for everyday communicative life. Further, media ecological constraints will be understood as perpetuating particular political and economic conditions in terms of the sensorial equilibrium of a noetic economy and the psychodynamics of human culture. After analysing the ethical demands of changing media ecologies, implications for the fields of political economy and media ecology in this hypermodern moment are presented. This exploration is offered as an initial foray into understanding the productive tensions of these two particular fields of intellectual inquiry and providing an adequate response to the questions of digital economics in this current historical moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to analyze the development of neo-extractive industries in South America since the start of the current century and the role which it has played in emerging economies and domestic policies for promoting economic growth in each country. Using a qualitative methodology, it analyses, on the one hand, the growing influence of China in the region, its role in the advance of neoextractive technologies and the economic, social and environmental consequences of that model; and, on the other, the increasing number of socio-environmental conflicts caused by “neo-extractivismo” in Latin America, with an emphasis on those in Córdoba (Argentina) and the social movements which oppose those technologies.

As part of the reflections about urban regeneration, the advanced international disciplinary debate contains new important references concerning endogenous issues of the disciplinary approaches, as well as issues related to the global change of the environmental, socio-economic and cultural context. The Master Plan for Rome (2008) has started the experimentation of an overall regeneration strategy. In this framework, the Programmi integrati stand out thanks to public-private partnership and the complex approach to the construction of the public city. The limited experimentation of these tools, however, opens the way to other innovative practices for resilient regeneration of “common goods”.