Search

This article examines the conceptual backgrounds of the lion metaphor in 1 Peter 5:8. Utilizing the framework for mapping leonine metaphors in the Old Testament by Troy W. Martin, it compares the Jewish background with the Greco-Roman background proposed by Boris A. Paschke, who argues that the ad bestias execution informs the metaphor. In contrast to the tendency to offer highly particularized interpretations of the metaphor by drawing from one background, the synthesized view offered here argues that the text draws simultaneously from both backgrounds and centers on the metaphorical transfer of ferociousness. This focus on ferociousness avoids overspecification of the metaphor, heightens the urgency of shepherding the flock in 1 Peter 5:1-5, and broadens the imperatives of 1 Peter 5:8-9 beyond the ultimate concern for apostasy to include the variegated threats of the devil against Christians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphite (PO3-3; Phi) is a reduced form of phosphate (PO3-4; Pi) used in agriculture as a fungicide, fertilizer and biostimulator. In this study, the fertilizing capacity of Phi was assessed in a hydroponic tomato crop (Solanum licopersicum L.) with different levels of Pi, in an inert substrate and with artificial lighting. A randomized complete block experimental design with six treatments and five replications was used. The treatments were assigned following a factorial model (3 x 2) with three levels of Pi (0.05, 1.00 and 2.00 mmol L-1) and presence (1.00 mmol L-1) or absence of Phi. The existence of significant differences between the variables was established by an ANOVA test and, when appropriate, Duncan's Test (P< 0.05) was applied to separate the means. The average dry weight (aerial part) of the seedlings cultivated with 2 mmol L-1 of Pi was higher (4.40 g) than that of those cultivated with 0.05 mmol L-1 of Pi (2.24 g) (P< 0.05), and the average dry weight of the seedlings cultivated without Phi (0.00 mmol L-1) was higher (3.93 g) than that of those cultivated with 1 mmol L-1 of Phi (2.80 g) (P< 0.05). The concentration of Pi in the nutrient solution influenced the foliar concentration of P, Zn, Cu and Mn, and the concentration of Phi influenced that of P. The interaction Pi x Phi was significant for the foliar levels of P and Zn. The results indicate that the seedlings took Pi and Phi, but only the P supplied as Pi favored their growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female circumcision has been widely studied in terms of the causal factors, the motivation of parents to choose female circumcision for medical or non-medical personnel, community knowledge about female circumcision, the relationship between female circumcision and human rights, and the impact of female circumcision on health. But this research focuses on how female circumcision is reproduced and transmitted to society. This study aims to examine how habitus influences agents in Sumenep Regency, Madura so that local agents carry out the reproduction and transmission of female circumcision. A qualitative approach method with the type of case study research is used to extract the data. The theory used in this research is habitus, field (arena), and reproduction of Bourdieu’s social practice. This study found that the social practice of female circumcision is a habit that has been going on for hundreds of years. So it has been internalized in society. Reproduction and transmission of the practice of female circumcision are carried out by various actors from different arenas/fields, both in education, health, and religious institutions. In addition, non-medical personnel such as traditional healers and nyai (calls for women older than the person calling) are also local agents who perform female circumcision reproduction.

Blood is a valuable as well as a perishable commodity that has a limited lifespan. So, keeping it in a blood bank requires careful attention and management. In this study, a management model has been designed for the blood bank that can cover all the requests sent through the hospital subunits in such a way that it has the least waste. First, by examining the blood inventory system of a hospital, the number of inventories per month and the distribution of blood products in subunits of the hospital, and the amount of blood wastage every six months were estimated. Then, using ARENA simulation, all parts of the blood bank, including the request section, emergency blood section, donated blood section, and other sections were simulated. Finally, 10 scenarios were extracted by placing various parameters and the best scenarios were discussed and concluded. The scenarios for the four blood groups included A, B, AB, and O were applied for six months in one year. The results showed that if the amount of blood injected into the blood bank is appropriate and at the right time, the amount of wastage can be reduced by up to 80% for most of the blood groups. The results of this study showed that if the system of receiving blood products built upon a precise management model is predetermined and placed with appropriate parameters, the amount of wastage will be reduced to the minimum possible number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang; (1) hubungan antara produksi sub sektor kriya dengan naiknya kelas sosial pemuda; (2) cara-cara yang ditempuh oleh pengrajin untuk mengatasi persoalan terkait dengan produksi kriya kulit. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Pemilihan informan dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Jumlah informan sebanyak 8 orang pengrajin kerajinan kulit di Surakarta. Peneliti memilih kerajinan kulit Kota Surakarta karena sarat akan nilai budaya yang dimiliki oleh produsen. Kemudian, data divalidasi menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis interaktif. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teori praktik terutama pemikiran Pierre Bourdieu. Penelitian ini menemukan bagaimana strategi dan pertarungan antar agen, proses produksi makna hingga analisis terkait logika kapital dan kelas sosial. Arena produksi kultural seni kriya kulit di Surakarta dalam tren ekonomi kreatif terbentuk dari struktur arena yang terdapat posisi-posisi para agen yang membentuk produk budaya. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan pembahuruan dari teori Bourdieu tentang konsep fashion yang lebih komprehensif terhadap situasi saat ini.

In this article, focus on the simulation of a three-phase perishable product inventory system of a SMEs selling fresh and processed milkfish. This research was conducted to simulate a perishable product inventory system to understand and analyze the problems that occur then propose solutions to fix them. The simulation model was developed with ARENA software, simulation results of the existing condition show that there is 162 kg/month waste in fresh fish, 158 pcs/month in processed product A, and 86 pcs/month in processed product B. A model with a product renewal process mechanism was proposed to overcome this problem, and seven improvement scenarios were developed. The results obtained from the seventh improvement scenario revealed that there was a 100% reduction in fresh fish and processed product B and 94% in processed product A. Besides, there was a saving in need for fresh fish supply of 10 kg/day. In this article, we show how ARENA software can be adopted to simulate inventory system problems effectively. The method in this research can be applied to investigate various supply system scenarios and their consequences before implementing it in a real system.

El análisis de pilotes sometidos a cargas laterales es un aspecto de suma importancia dentro del diseño de estructuras tanto convencionales como también infraestructura marítima. Este artículo presenta resultados de una investigación experimental realizada bajo la hipótesis de que es posible replicar el comportamiento de pilotes con pruebas a escala de modo que estos datos puedan ser de utilidad en futuras investigaciones y diseños. Como parte de la investigación, se desarrolló un aparato que permite la aplicación de carga lateral en modelos de pilotes a pequeña escala. Para los experimentos aquí presentados, se utilizó suelo arenoso y pilotes de madera. Los datos fueron validados mediante la utilización de métodos analíticos que permiten estimar la capacidad última de pilotes bajo cargas laterales. Los resultados muestran una buena correlación entre los resultados experimentales y las predicciones analíticas.

A suitable sequencing and dispatching of jobs on machines is very much essential to improve the performance of any industry. Sequencing is the prioritizing of a set of jobs in a queue based on some decision rule to determine the order in which they will be processed. This paper aims at detailed study and analysis of hybrid rule selection to reduce lead time, waiting time and to increase machine utilization and throughput. In this study four static and eight hybrid dynamic rules were considered and prioritization of jobs is done using TOPSIS algorithm. The hybrid rules are obtained by combining certain dynamic rules. The data includes 47 jobs and 17 machines with different monthly order quantities. Discrete event simulation tool is used for the study and validation of actual data of a manufacturing plant. The results shows that the proposed hybrid dispatching rule, which is a combination of Earliest Creation time (ECT), Shortest waiting time (SWT) and Most work remaining time (MWRT) are very effective in minimizing lead time and maximizing throughput. The another hybrid dispatching rule, which is a combination of Longest Waiting Time (LWT), ECT and MWRT are effective in maximizing the machine utilization.

With the purpose of using recycled glass in concrete mixtures as a partial substitute for sand and cement in Cuba, researches are carried out. This article shows the result at a laboratory scale in substituting fine aggregate and cement with ground glass in dosages of 25%, 50% and 100% for the first one and 10%, 20% and 30% for the second one. The mixtures obtained were compared to a standard for consistency and compressive strength. In the fresh mixes, a directly proportional increase in consistency was obtained with the percentage of replacement of the sand but it was different for cement, however all of them maintained a consistency suitable for use. Compressive strength gradually increased in an interval from 7 to 28 days of mixing’s age obtaining values exceeding the standard sample in M1, M4 and M5 samples. The results support at a laboratory scale, the feasibility of replacing 25% of the sand and up to 20% of cement with ground glass, without affecting the standard compressive strength (25-35 MPa) for traditional concrete.

The management of university libraries in Indonesia has been intervened from foreign institutions through a donation of library materials which seem for the benefit of the academic community, but it is for the benefit of the donors. Academicians, especially the young generation, are a target of donation whether as the readers of books donated to the University or as the audience of programs or activities funded by donor agencies. Based on the background, it is found how the library becomes an arena for the contestation of various interests through some “corners” build inside the University Libraries. Using the concepts introduced by Pierre Bourdieu such as arena and capitals. Supported by Vincent Mosco’s theory of political economy of communication as the tools of analysis, this research reveals how the agents involved in the management of the “Corner” use the library as an "arena" to achieve their benefits. The data obtained were grouped based on the sub-theme of types capital, commodification, specialization and structuration Using phenomenological approach, it is found that Corners in the university Libraries are used as an arena of contestation of agents involved in governance to foster capital. Contestation in this study illustrates the phenomenon of actors involved in the management of Corner into the dominant-subordinate relationship.

La contaminación por microplásticos (MPs) de tamaño menor a 5 mm ha tomado relevancia en los últimos años debido a su impacto en los ecosistemas. En Guatemala, se carece de información relacionada con MPs, por lo que este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la abundancia y características de MPs en cuatro playas del Pacífico de Guatemala, Ocós, Tulate, Sipacate y Las Lisas. Se colectaron muestras de arena en mayo y octubre de 2019. Los MPs se aislaron y se clasificaron por forma, y el tipo de polímero se identificó a través de un equipo de espectroscopia infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (ATR-FTIR). La abundancia expresada en MPs/m2 en mayo fue de 25.6, 5.6, 0.8 y 0 MPs/m2 para Tulate, Las Lisas, Ocós y Sipacate; mientras que en octubre fue de 59.6, 23.2, 17.6 y 17.6 MPs/m2 en Tulate, Ocós, Las Lisas y Sipacate. Fragmentos, foam, pellets y láminas fueron las formas predominantes de MPs que se encontraron en las playas. El análisis por ATR-FTIR muestra que los principales polímeros identificados en las playas son polietileno, poliestireno y polipropileno. Los resultados de este estudio indican que las playas del Pacífico de Guatemala están contaminadas por MPs de diferentes tipos de polímeros. Además, estos resultados ofrecen información importante a los responsables de la toma de decisiones sobre la eliminación y el manejo de la basura plástica marina.

This article uses a case-study approach to develop an understanding of how framing on game telecasts can increase the brand equity of sports venues. In 2014, ESPN ranked the NHL's New York Islanders last in "stadium experience" among all 122 teams in the 4 major North American sports leagues. Given the Islanders' looming relocation, the 2014-15 NHL season afforded the last opportunity to consider how telecasts would portray the team's arena, Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum on Long Island. Based on a textual analysis of Islanders telecasts, 2 frames emerged: atmosphere (loud cheering and tributes to veterans) and nostalgia (famous moments and players from the arena's history). Teams that play in poorly regarded venues can encourage broadcasters to employ frames such as atmosphere and nostalgia to increase attendance and sales of venue-related merchandise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its inception in 1997, the Women's Professional Basketball Association (WNBA) has attempted to present itself as a highly professional sport. With the advantage of its relationship with the successful and established men's National Basketball Association (NBA), the WNBA was able to play in the same arenas immediately, and this included all the trappings of American professional sport, including music, lights, a 'Jumbotron', and half-time entertainment. However, there are important distinctions between the material environments of men's and women's sport, and this has contributed to WNBA games being perceived as unpopular and uneventful. Much of the research on the WNBA has largely focused on the discourses of heteronormativity and gender that structure the league, however by drawing on a new materialist lens and examining the affective forces that circulate the arena, we are better able to understand the WNBA game as an assemblage that develops through the relationship of various material and discursive elements. This article explores the rhizomatic flows of affect that circulate the arena, creating the professional sport spectacle and the stadium assemblage, while highlighting the affective forces of non-human materials, space, and the built environment. It draws upon my ethnographic research with a WNBA team – pseudonymously called the Ravens – and their experience with various arenas, each of which have different histories, stadiums, facilities, entertainment, and relationships to NBA teams. It examines the way in which an affective response is deliberately designed and generated, as the built environment, production values, the crowd, and players' bodies work together to create an arena experience that can either be professional and exciting, or lacklustre and limiting, which in turn can either help or hinder the physical capabilities of WNBA players, and which can direct the 'feel of the game' itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mountain areas are often subject to conflicts between different user interests and protection. The authors examine land use planning processes in Norway applied in accordance with the Planning and Building Act and the Nature Diversity Act and discuss how they might be improved. They find that although influenced by trends of decentralization, inclusion and integration, and principles for multilevel governance, the land use planning approaches for use and protection are still performed in the shadow of instrumentalism and hierarchy with little awareness of their limitations in practical use. The "communicative turn" has stimulated comprehensive participation processes, but these consensus-oriented processes have to some extent been able to handle conflicting interests. The authors conclude that in future planning it will be vital to establish common arenas as trading zones for coordinated municipal, regional and national planning, combining instrumental and communicative practices with agonistic approaches in a multilevel governance network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Religacion: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznanskiej. Organizacja & Zarzadzanie is the property of Poznan University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociology & Space / Sociologija i Prostor is the property of Institut za drustvena istrazivanja u Zagrebu (Institute for Social Research of Zagreb) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Federal Regulation has suggested that all passengers in the airplane should finish the evacuation within 90 s. This research applied a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model to investigate passengers' evacuation paths and decision-making processes for aircraft evacuation under emergency. ARENA® 14 was used on an Airbus A380 cabin configuration with capacity of 538 as the baseline model. Total evacuation time and the congestion conditions of each gate were used as a measure for the evacuation process. The baseline model was validated using a real world A380 certification evacuation drill. An experiment was conducted based on the modification of the baseline model to investigate the effect of different path planning strategies on total evacuation time. Results suggested that a flight attendant directed approach yielded significantly more efficiency than passenger random exit choosing and switching exits. Practical implications and future study were given at the end of the paper to consider a more realistic and dynamics simulation approach to address this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By adequately managing inventories, companies adjust demand and supply over time to provide the necessary goods to meet customer requirements and make a profit. A simulation is a great tool for optimizing inventory management by examining system behavior in a variety of settings. This paper presents a simulation model developed in ARENA software to optimize inventory management, i.e. to determine the level of inventory at which it is necessary to order goods for which the system generates minimal total costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulations can aid in decision making in large-scale emergency response problems limited by insufficient a priori experience. Scenario setting for emergency simulations usually requires complex spatial information, and such issues can lead to a large simulation workload and poor repeatability. Therefore, this study uses a web mapping API to obtain emergency resources and traffic network information and establishes an urban multipoint fire emergency simulation system (UMFESS) for the case of multipoint fire rescue. UMFESS performs traffic network modeling by obtaining real traffic data on a navigation platform, and Arena software is utilized to simulate the process of data collection, information transmission, and department response. The displayed simulation results for firefighting, first aid, transfer and placement can provide the basis for government emergency management. Then, typical cases of single fire and multipoint fires in Beijing are used to verify and validate UMFESS. The simulation results show that the route time and updated information have significant effects on emergency efficiency in the case of concurrent fires with limited resources. Emergency managers should focus on the fairness and stability of resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a severe flood hit the city of Verona in 1882, the massive repair works of the Adige riverbanks led to the expropriation and demolition of Pompei-Camerlengo Palace in San Tomaso street. However, the ornamental stone elements were preserved and, in the 1920s, partly re-employed in the façade of the Castelvecchio Museum Art Gallery. An unpublished list of these materials dating to 1911 enables us to gather further insights on their quantity, as well as on their state of preservation and the place in which they were stored before being re-employed.

In 2017, people in Bungong Keumang village started fasting on Thursday, and they did not follow the government's decision to start fasting on Saturday. They prefer to follow the decisions of religious leaders who often overtake fasting, up to 2-3 days. This difference with the government has been going on for a long time, and almost every year has happened. This paper answers the question of why people in Bungong Keumang prefer to follow the decisions of religious leaders in starting Ramadhan fasting rather than following government decision? With in-depth interviews, answers were obtained that the choice of the community was more due to longstanding social patronage relations based on the exchange of values between religious leaders (patrons) and worshipers (clients) that are mutually beneficial to each other. The determination of 1 Ramadhan which is an area of Islamic law is an 'important arena' to strengthen patronage relations. However, at present the client's obedience to patrons is also shifting. The community is increasingly rational in making choices, access to information is also getting easier, and power relations are also decreasing, so the determination of 1 Ramadhan will become stronger into the area of astronomy and Islamic law.

Este artigo pretende investigar parte da elite política que permaneceu atuante durante o período de ditadura civil-militar no Brasil (1964-1985), a fim de observar como se deu a acomodação dos indivíduos que tiveram suas legendas extintas através do AI-2 em outubro de 1965. Desta forma, o objetivo principal será analisar os dados biográficos e os resultados eleitorais dos remanescentes do Partido de Representação Popular (PRP) que foram eleitos ou suplentes ao cargo de deputado estadual no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, nas legislaturas de 1966, 1970, 1974 e 1978. A abordagem metodológica será a quantitativa, com análise descritiva dos achados, mensurando sete variáveis (legislatura, filiação partidária -Arena e MDB-, total de cadeiras ocupadas pelos ex-PRP, total de votos recebidos pelos eleitos/suplentes, cidade natal, origem sócio-ocupacional e formação). Como resultado, observa-se que os remanescentes do PRP se filiaram em sua maioria na Arena, com uma projeção reduzida em comparação com o período de existência do partido, não sendo, a Assembleia legislativa do RS, um espaço profícuo para os remanescentes do PRP.

Penelitian ini berjudul Perspektif Bourdieu pada Pola Interrelasi pada eksistensi Lengger Lanang Langgeng Sari dalam Pertunjukan Seni di Banyumas bertujuan untuk mengungkap pola interrelasi mendukung eksistensi Lengger Lanang di Banyumas. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang menggunakan teori Bourdieu untuk menganalisis fenomena ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa arena, modal, habitus, dan lintasan adalah unsur-unsur yang saling terkait yang mendukung eksistensi lengger lanang hingga saat ini. Namun, bidang ini menunjukkan sebagai pemantik munculnya kembali Komunitas Lengger Lanang Langgeng Sari dalam seni pertunjukan Banyumas. Lebih jauh, modal diakui sebagai modal budaya dan simbolik di mana mereka dikelilingi oleh seniman tradisional dan pemerintah yang mendukung mereka. Modal simbolis juga mengarah pada penerimaan masyarakat untuk keunikan. Sementara, habitus adalah keterampilan lengkap setiap anggota di masyarakat yang mengikat mereka dalam harmoni. Akhirnya, lintasan ini didefinisikan sebagai penerimaan lengger sepenuhnya karena Lengger dikaitkan dengan Banyumas pada pekerja seni lainnya di Banyumas ini. Penelitian ini berjudul Perspektif Bourdieu pada Pola Interrelasi pada eksistensi Lengger Lanang Langgeng Sari dalam Pertunjukan Seni di Banyumas bertujuan untuk mengungkap pola interrelasi mendukung eksistensi Lengger Lanang di Banyumas. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang menggunakan teori Bourdieu untuk menganalisis fenomena ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa arena, modal, habitus, dan lintasan adalah unsur-unsur yang saling terkait yang mendukung eksistensi lengger lanang hingga saat ini. Namun, bidang ini menunjukkan sebagai pemantik munculnya kembali Komunitas Lengger Lanang Langgeng Sari dalam seni pertunjukan Banyumas. Lebih jauh, modal diakui sebagai modal budaya dan simbolik di mana mereka dikelilingi oleh seniman tradisional dan pemerintah yang mendukung mereka. Modal simbolis juga mengarah pada penerimaan masyarakat untuk keunikan. Sementara, habitus adalah keterampilan lengkap setiap anggota di masyarakat yang mengikat mereka dalam harmoni. Akhirnya, lintasan ini didefinisikan sebagai penerimaan lengger sepenuhnya karena Lengger dikaitkan dengan Banyumas pada pekerja seni lainnya di Banyumas ini.

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo, busca conocer el posible aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos, como es la cáscara de almendra, como sustitución de una parte de la fracción granulométrica del árido grueso para la fabricación de hormigones convencionales. Para ello, primero, caracterizamos los materiales de variables, árido y cascara de almendra. Posteriormente, fabricamos las probetas de hormigón con distintas sustituciones (10%, 20% y 30%) de cáscara de almendra sobre la fracción gruesa del árido y procedemos a la realización de los ensayos marcados por las normas UNE, evaluando su comportamiento a compresión, tracción, flexión, penetración de agua, absorción de agua, hielo y deshielo y térmico. Abstract The present work seeks to know the possible use of organic waste, as is the almond shell, as a substitution of a part of the granulometric fraction of coarse aggregate for the manufacture of conventional concretes. For this, first, we characterize the materials of variables, arid and almond shell. Subsequently, we manufacture the concrete specimens with different substitutions (10%, 20% and 30%) of almond shell on the coarse fraction of the aggregate and proceed to carry out the tests marked by the UNE standards, evaluating their behavior at compression, traction, bending, water penetration, water absorption, ice and thaw and thermal.

Stadiums have recently become one of the most important issues in the economy of professional football clubs with its positive and negative effects. Football rapidly developing worldwide is social, cultural and economic phenomenon and is one of the world's most profitable sports. The transformation of an economics of billion dollars and the transformation of an industrial character from the beginning of the 1990s has caused all eyes to be turned over to the stadiums as a place of production of football over time. Stadiums in the process of industrial transformation of football have transformed into structures that live 365 days and generate significant monetary income, including non-football events. Now the conversion of soccer fans to a "consumer spectators" has led to a new comfort structure that will increase the added value of the clubs' stadiums per seat. In this way, the match day revenues, which will hold an important place in the monetary revenues of football, also started to increase its share in total revenues rapidly. Although this share has increased, because the seat capacity is fixed it has forced the clubs to become even more creative in these matters. Soccer clubs have started to design stadiums in this sense in a way that will make them more functional and monetary. Today, soccer stadiums have grown out of a simple structure and they have become the production center of industrial football and the most important source of income. The income generated by the stadiums is now approaching nearly 40 percent of European soccer revenue. The aim of the study is to examine economic and social efficiency of stadiums and arenas which is a significant source of revenue for professional football clubs and is to examine the economic effects of Turkish football stadiums and arenas in Turkey.

[Introducción]: La bahía El Ferrol enfrenta erosión crítica desde la década de 1970; para contener el efecto destructivo de la zona urbana, se enroca la línea de erosión. [Objetivo]: Describir y analizar el proceso erosivo y plantear escenarios para la aplicación de modelos numéricos. [Metodología]: Revisión y análisis de información bibliográfica, fotografías, cartas fotogramétricas, cartas náuticas, mapas cartográficos, imágenes en Google Earth, y visitas in situ. [Resultados]: Las fuentes de arena proceden del río Lacramarca y el sistema dunar. La bahía ha perdido 6 200 m (45 %) de playa: 50 % enrocado, 27 % con piedras, 13 % con desmonte y 10 % sin protección. El frente de mayor erosión es la Plaza 28 de julio, en donde el enrocado tiene rompeolas para mitigar los efectos destructivos de la zona urbana. Los factores de erosión son: edificaciones (varadero, almacenes, terrazas, molones de acceso a muelles) sobre la zona supralitoral e intermareal que interfieren el transporte litoral; retención de arena en área de muelles y por lodos orgánicos; el propio enrocado, y traslado forzado, en 2009, de la desembocadura del río Lacramarca unos 1 000 m al sur, que descarga en zona calma. El sistema dunar aporta menos arena por incremento de napa freática. [Conclusiones]: Los factores de mayor impacto son las edificaciones, la retención de arena en el sur por reubicación de río, y el enrocado. Para permitir el transporte litoral de arena, se debe retornar la desembocadura del río a la posición de 2009 y retirar la infraestructura abandonada. Se plantean escenarios de modelación numérica para establecer un plan de recuperación.

The original structure of the Royal Arena in Copenhagen consisted of an in-situ concrete multilevel oval covered by a steel roof. The bowl initially included radial frames along the perimeter, interconnected in every floor by continuous slabs with the capacity to distribute lateral forces to four concrete cores with high lateral capacity. This lateral performance allowed the structure to withstand large lateral loads from the roof. Once the construction was ongoing, structural elements which had been planned as cast-in-situ concrete were substituted with precast elements, where possible, to prioritise costs and schedule. This caused a considerable loss of lateral capacity in the bowl, motivating an innovative redesign of the roof to meet the new requirements. This paper reveals the engineering challenges faced in the redesign of the steel roof in order to reduce lateral forces transmitted from the roof to the concrete structure. It introduces the concept of lateral bracing with free expansion. The roof shape, construction sequencing, and interactions between columns/frames and supports/cores were strictly analysed and optimised to achieve the required criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This prospective study was designed to investigate the effects of maternal temperament on uterine blood flow, fetal heart rate, gestational length, and fetal birth weight in a goat experimental model. Based on the arena test, behavioral testing related to fear-eliciting stimulus, goats were divided into nervous (n = 13) and calm (n = 11) groups. After mating, the perfusion of maternal uterine arteries (UTAs) and its related Doppler parameters, blood flow volume (BFV), time-averaged mean velocity (TAMEANV), acceleration (Acce), and resistance impedance (S/D), were evaluated biweekly from week two until the end of pregnancy. Fetal heart rate (FHR) was investigated during the pregnancy in addition to the gestation length (GL) and fetal birth weight (FBW). The UTA-BFV and TAMEANV, as well as Acce and S/D, were influenced by maternal temperament (p < .05). The FHR showed no significant changes between experimental animals of different temperaments (p = .81). Both GL and FBW were increased in calm rather than nervous goats (p < .05). These results indicated that the maternal nervous (temperament) have negative impacts on uterine artery Doppler indices, fetal growth, and gestational length in a goat experimental model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Observatorio Medioambiental is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Museologia e Patrimônio is the property of Museologia e Patrimonio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)