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Emerging studies have shown that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) TUG1 (taurine‐up‐regulated gene 1) plays critical roles in multiple biological processes. However, the expression and function of lncRNA TUG1 in cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury have not been reported yet. In this study, we found that LncRNA TUG1 expression was significantly up‐regulated in cultured MA‐C cells exposed to OGD/R injury, while similar results were also observed in MCAO model. Mechanistically, knockdown of TUG1 decreased lactate dehydrogenase levels and the ratio of apoptotic cells and promoted cell survival in vitro. Moreover, knockdown of TUG1 decreased AQP4 (encoding aquaporin 4) expression to attenuate OGD/R injury. TUG1 could interact directly with miR‐145, and down‐regulation of miR‐145 could efficiently reverse the function of TUG1 siRNA on AQP4 expression. Finally, the TUG1 shRNA reduced the infarction area and cell apoptosis in I/R mouse brains in vivo. In summary, our results suggested that lncRNA TUG1 may function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR‐145 to induce cell damage, possibly providing a new therapeutic target in cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Radial artery applanation tonometry (RAAT) has been developed and utilized for continuous arterial pressure monitoring. However, evidence is lacking to clinically verify the RAAT technology and identify appropriate patient groups before routine clinical use. This study aims to evaluate the RAAT technology by comparing systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values in patients undergoing colon carcinoma surgery.Methods: Blood Pressure (BP) values obtained via RAAT (TL-300, Tensys Medical Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) and conventional arterial catheterization from 30 colon carcinoma surgical patients were collected and compared via Bland-Atman method, linear regression and 4-quadrant plot concordance analysis.Results: For SBPs, MBPs and DBPs, means of the differences (±standard deviation; 95% limits of agreement) were -0.9 (±7.6; -15.7 to 13.9) mmHg, 3.1 (±6.5; -9.6 to 15.8) mmHg and 4.3 (±7.4; -10.3 to 18.8) mmHg, respectively. Linear regression coefficients of determination were 0.8706 for SBPs, 0.8353 for MBPs and 0.6858 for DBPs. Four-quadrant concordance correlation coefficients were 0.8740, 0.8522 and 0.7108 for SBPs, MBPs and DBPs, respectively.Conclusions: A highly selected patient collective undergoing colon carcinoma surgery was studied. BP measurements obtained via the TL-300 had clinically acceptable agreement with that acquired invasively using an arterial catheter. For use in clinical routine, it is necessary to take measures for improvement regarding movement artifacts and dilution of noise. A large sample size of patients under various conditions is also needed to further evaluate the RAAT technology before clinically routine use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glycyrrhizin (Gly) protects against brain injury induced by stroke. We studied whether Gly achieves its protection by inhibiting T cell activity and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release in the ischemic brain.Methods: Stroke was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats and mice. Gly was injected intraperitoneally before or after stroke. We measured infarction, neuroinflammatory cells, gene expressions of interferon-γ (IFNγ), IL-4, and IL-10 in CD4 T cells, HMGB1 release, and T cell proliferation in cultured splenocytes.Results: Gly treatment reduced infarctions and neuroinflammation characterized by the infiltration of CD68-positive macrophages and myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophils, which corresponds to a reduction in the number of T cells and their subsets, CD4 and CD8 T cells, in the ischemic brain, as measured by flow cytometry. Unlike in wild-type animals, Gly did not offer protection in nude rats and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice who had no T cells, while Gly reduced infarction in both nude rats and SCID mice whose T cells were reconstituted, suggesting that T cells should be the target of Gly. In addition, Gly administration inhibited T cell proliferation stimulated by ConA in in vitro assays and inhibited HMGB1 release from the ischemic brain. Furthermore, Gly attenuated gene expression of IFNγ, but not IL-4 and IL-10 in CD4 T cells. Lastly, HMGB1 promoted T cell proliferation stimulated by ConA, which was inhibited by the addition of Gly.Conclusions: Gly blocks infarction by inhibiting IFNγ-mediated T cell activity, which is at least partly modulated by HMGB1 activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fluorescent probe for H2O2 is described. It is composed of MnO2 nanosheets and 5-carboxyfluorescein and was characterized by fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The probe, with fluorescence excitation/emission maxima at 490/518 nm, responds to H2O2 in the 1 to 200 μM concentration range and has a 0.33 μM detection limit. The probe was used in enzymatic assays for glucose and cholesterol by using the respective oxidases which produce H2O2. Responses are linear in the concentration range from 0.5 to 200 μM in case of glucose, and from 1 to 300 μM in case of cholesterol. The method was applied to quantify glucose and cholesterol in (spiked) serum samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND [color=black]This study was conducted at a single center and aimed to compare postoperative pain in 70 women with breast cancer following general anesthesia for mastectomy with and without serratus anterior plane (SAP) block.[/color] MATERIAL AND METHODS [color=black]A total of 70 breast cancer patients who met the criteria were randomly divided into the general anesthesia combined with SAP block group (group S) and the general anesthesia only group (group G). Perioperative anesthetic drug dosage, the visual analog scale (VAS) score at different time points, and the patient's satisfaction with analgesia 24 h after surgery, and incidence of postmastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) were statistically analyzed in the 2 groups.[/color] RESULTS [color=black]Compared with group G, group S had lower intraoperative remifentanil dosages (P=0.003), a lower total amount of sufentanil via analgesia pump during the 24-h postoperative period (P<0.001), and lower VAS scores at 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h after surgery, and the differences were significant (P<0.05). Compared with group G, group S had a shorter first flatus time, got out of bed sooner, had a lower incidence of nausea and vomiting (P<0.05), and lower incidence of PMPS at 3 and 6 months after the operation (P<0.05).[/color] CONCLUSIONS [color=black]At a single center, preoperative SAP block can significantly reduce postoperative pain after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.[/color].

Fluorescent detection of glutathione (GSH) in the living system has attracted much attention, but current fluorescent probes are usually exposed to the exterior environment, leading to photobleaching and premature leakage and subsequently limiting the sensitivity and photostability. Herein, luminescent metal-organic frameworks [Ru(bpy) 3 2+ encapsulated in UiO-66] coated with manganese dioxide nanosheets [MnO 2 NS@Ru(bpy) 3 2+ -UiO-66] were prepared by an in situ growth method and further explored to construct a GSH-switched fluorescent sensing platform. Because of the splendid fluorescence quenching ability, special probe leakage blocking role and distinguished recognition of the MnO 2 NS, and the improved fluorescence of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ by UiO-66, a low background, highly sensitive and selective detection of GSH with a low limit of detection as 0.28 μM was realized. At the same time, the preparation of MnO 2 NS@Ru(bpy) 3 2+ -UiO-66 nanocomposites is simple and less toxic, and there was no notable loss of cell survivability after being exposed to MnO 2 NS@Ru(bpy) 3 2+ -UiO-66 below the concentrations of 120 μg mL -1 for 24 h. Consequently, the results coming from this effort suggest that the new sensing platform will have a great potential in the detection of GSH in living cells.

Altered microRNA regulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various disorders, including cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI). However, the regulatory mechanism of miR-130b in cerebral ischemia injury has not been reported. In this study, we explored the role of miR-130b in cerebral ischemia injury and investigated its potential mechanism. Levels of miR-130b were quantified by real-time PCR, and the protein level of AQP4 was detected by Western blotting. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. In vitro, miR-130b levels in astrocytes were found significantly downregulated after OGD. Overexpression of miR-130b by miR-130b mimic decreased LDH release and apoptosis, but promoted cell health of astrocytes with OGD, thus playing a protective role in astrocyte I/RI. The level of miR-130b was also downregulated in ischemic tissues in MCAO model compared with the sham group, and the expression of miR-130b was gradually downregulated over time after reperfusion. AQP4 was upregulated both in two models, and as the reperfusion went on, AQP4 expression gradually upregulated. Our results indicated knockdown of AQP4 could ameliorate astrocyte injury induced by OGD. Finally, we found that miR-130b regulated astrocyte expression of AQP4, and rescue experiments further proved the protective role of miR-130b was mediated by AQP4 downregulation. Our study demonstrated that miR-130b might exert a neuroprotective effect following cerebral I/RI by regulating AQP4 expression at the post-transcriptional level. Therefore, miR-130b may be a potential therapeutic target for stroke treatment., Competing Interests: None.

Objective: To explore the effect of rocuronium on gastric insufflation related to facemask ventilation in general anaesthesia patients., Methods: Eighty patients from June to October 2015 undergoing elective operation under general anaesthesia at Ningbo NO.2 Hospital , ASA I or II grade, aged 18-65, were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups (n=40): Group R (rocuronium) and Group C (for control). Facemask pressure-controlled ventilation was started after general anaesthesia induced with propofol and remifentanil for a 2 min period while gastric insufflation was detected by ultrasonography of the antrum. The cross-sectional antral area (CSA) was measured using ultrasonography before and after facemask ventilation. Respiratory parameters were also recorded., Results: Compared to the antral area before FMV, the CSA significantly increased in group R and C after FMV [post-FMV:(579.5 ± 167.3), (508.1 ± 112.2)mm²; pre-FMV(479.4 ± 110.2), (451.2 ± 103.4) mm²; t=5.938, 4.302, P<0.001]. All the patients were divided into four subgroups according to the gastric insufflation (R+, R-, C +, C-) and there were significant increases in the values of CSA before and after FMV in groups R+ and C+[post-FMV(647.7 ± 150.6), (546.2 ± 121.1) mm²; pre-FMV (501.2 ± 113.6), (422.6 ± 101.5) mm²; t=7.885, 8.719, P<0.001], without any significant increase in groups R- and C-[post-FMV(496.0 ± 150.9), (489.8 ± 105.1) mm²; pre-FMV (452.9 ± 102.8), (465.0 ± 103.3) mm²; t=1.793, 1.663, P>0.05]. Compared with the group R- , the CSA of group R+ significantly increased before and after FMV[group R+ (146.6 ± 87.2) mm²; group R- (43.1 ± 102.1) mm²; t=3.458, P<0.001]; compared with the group C- , the CSA of group C+ significantly increased before and after FMV [group C+ (123.6 ± 51.1) mm²; group C- (24.8 ± 77.4) mm²; t=4.172, P<0.001]; there was no significant difference between the difference value of CSA in groups R+ and C+ before and after FMV (t=0.983, P>0.05). The incidence of gastric insufflation was 55% and 32.5% in group R and C, respectively (χ² =4.114, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in respiratory parameters between group R and C., Conclusion: The study suggests that rocuronium may promote gastric insufflation related to facemask ventilation (15 cmH₂O PCV)in general anaesthesia patients.