Search

Introduction: Given the high cost of AIDS, research on high-risk behaviors associated with AIDS is an essential requirement today. Therefore, the present study aimed to construct and standardize tests associated with AIDS-related risky behaviors. Methods: To assess the validity of the questionnaires, the experts' viewpoints from different domains were qualitatively and quantitatively included. Additionally, to assess the reliability of the questionnaires, a sample of 31 subjects was selected and then examined on two separate occasions in a fortnight's time. Then, the validity and reliability of the instruments were assessed in a sample of 475 subjects. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that for AIDS health literacy and AIDS risk perception questionnaires two factors are extractable; while for the questionnaires of self-efficacy in controlling risk behavior and controlling risk behavior associated with AIDS one factor is extractable. Finally, 14 items were approved for each of the AIDS health literacy and self-efficacy in controlling risk behavior questionnaires; while 13 items were approved for each of the controlling risk behavior associated with AIDS and AIDS risk perception questionnaires. Each of the four questionnaires had a good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha > 0.70). Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) amounts related to the test-retest reliability were greater than 0.80, which indicates the reliability of the instruments. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it was concluded that all four AIDS-related questionnaires enjoyed acceptable validity and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studying personality traits and patterns is of significant importance in adopting healthy behaviors. Therefore, the current study investigates the relationship between Enneagram personality types and perceived risk of heart disease and readiness to lifestyle modification.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 190 noncardiac patients (82.3% female) in an outpatient clinic in western Iran were selected using a simple random sampling method to fill out standard questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis.Results: The findings show that the performer personality (Type 3) can directly predict increasing readiness to lifestyle modification (P < 0.001). In contrast, there is a reverse significant relationship between the challenger personality (Type 8) and readiness to lifestyle modification (P = 0.019). Moreover, the helper personality (Type 6) is able to directly predict increasing the perceived risk of heart disease (P = 0.012).Conclusions: In the Enneagram system, unique personality types possess a unique risk perception and readiness to adopt healthy behaviors. The results of the current study can provide valuable information for healthy lifestyle programs professionals with regard to preventing cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to perform a cluster analysis on sleep quality and insomnia severity in addition to predicting the clusters based on personality traits, experiential avoidance, stress, anxiety, depression, and dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted on earthquake victim in Kermanshah (western Iran) in 2017. Data collection began 15 d after the earthquake and lasted for 2 weeks. First, 1002 copies of the questionnaire were distributed and, finally, analyses were performed for 778 individuals. Data analysis was conducted using cluster analysis. Results: Based on sleep quality and insomnia severity, four clusters were formed, and a correlation existed between some personality traits, psychological distress, experiential avoidance, and dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep with unhealthy clusters (P<0.05). The summary of the model showed the sufficient fit of the model (P<0.001) and that it could predict 22.8%-42.4% of the variance of unhealthy clusters. Conclusion: Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, experiential avoidance, stress, anxiety, depression, and personality traits could contribute to sleep problems and reduce sleep quality in earthquake victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is one of the most important consequences of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and to control and treat it, it is necessary to identify its direct and indirect triggers and underlying factors. Therefore, the current study aims to evaluate and investigate the mediator role of aggression in the relationship between marital stress and depression. Methods: The sample of current cross-sectional study includes 212 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Iran evaluated from Jan to Jun 2017. The required data were gathered using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire, Buss and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), and Hudson's Marital Satisfaction Index (HMSI). The data were analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS20 and AMOS software. Results: The mean age of participants (68.4% male) was 58.5 ± 8.9. The results show that there is a significant positive relationship between all the variables (P < 0.05). The results of the model show that marital stress cannot directly predict depression (P = 0.586). However, through aggression, marital stress can significantly predict 18% of the variance of depression (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Not directly, but indirectly through aggression, marital stress can significantly predict increased depression among patients with CAD. The physiological and psychological pathways of the findings can be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of emotion in the quality of sleep is very important. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the mediating roles of repetitive negative thoughts in the relationship between sleep quality and each of emotional dysregulation and experiential avoidance. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with random sampling method, which two groups of samples were selected (clinical sample and non-clinical sample, n1 = 120 and n2 = 200 people, respectively). Then after data collection, two models were designed and examined using the AMOS-2 software, path analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results: The results of the present study revealed that in both samples, the standard coefficient of the experiential avoidance path to sleep quality was not significant through the repetitive negative thoughts, while the emotional deregulation path to sleep quality was significant through repetitive thoughts (β = 0.55, P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that emotional dysregulation leads to reduced sleep quality when the level of repetitive negative thoughts is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The assessment of a dream and its mechanisms and functions may help us to percept cognitions, emotions, and complex behaviors of patients. Hence, the present study aimed to assess (i) the rate of perceived dream and its emotional load and content and (ii) the relationship between functions of dream with anxiety and depression.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 167 cardiac patients who had undergone rehabilitation in the western part of Iran were assessed during May-October 2016. Research instrument included Beck depression inventory, Beck anxiety inventory, Schredl's dream emotions manual, and content analysis of dreams manual. The findings were analyzed through Pearson's correlative coefficient and multiple regression analysis.Results: The mean age of participants (66.5% men) was 59.1 ± 9 years. The results indicated that the emotional content of patients' dreams included happiness (49.1%), distress (43.1%), sad (13.8%), fear (13.2%), and anger (3%). Although women report more sad dreams than men (P = 0.026), there was no difference between them in terms of other components of dreams, anxiety, and depression. Regression models showed that anxiety and depression were significantly able to predict perceived dream rates (P = 0.030) and emotionally negative dreams (P = 0.019).Conclusion: The increased rates of depression, especially anxiety, are related to increasing perceived dreams with negative and harmful emotional load. Regarding severity and negative content of dreams are reflexes of stressful emotional daily experiences, the management of experienced psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety is concerned as an undeniable necessity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Given the significance of sleep quality among pregnant women and its effects on the health of the fetus and the lack of sufficient studies in this field as well, the present study aimed to both identify some of the psychological factors associated with sleep quality among pregnant women and investigate the relationship between sleep quality among pregnant women and other variables, including depression, anxiety, stress, resilience, perceived social support, and marital adjustment. Materials and methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 425 pregnant women, visiting Islamabad and Ravansar-based prenatal care centers (randomly selected from the townships of Kermanshah Province (Iran)) in 2015, were selected. To collect the required data, the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test (LWSMAT), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RIS), Zimet's Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and depression, anxiety and stress scales were used. Results: The results of data analysis demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between the quality of sleep and variables like depression, anxiety, stress, perception, social support and marital adjustment. Further, the results showed that the hierarchical regression of all variables could predict 31% of the changes of sleep quality. Additionally, anxiety, depression and stress were ranked first, second and third in terms of the shares of variables in predicting the quality of sleep. Whereas, resilience, perceived social support and marital adjustment were unable to predict the quality of sleep. Conclusion: Given the results of the present study, it is suggested that the roles of the psychological factors be considered in improving the quality of sleep among pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim is to achieve the standard tools for heart health, the present study aimed to design, develop, and standardize the two questionnaires of perceived heart risk scale (PHRS) and heart health literacy scale (HHLS).Methods: The present study was a methodological research conducted on the residents of Kermanshah Province, Iran, using the multi-stage cluster sampling. Further, considering the scientific methods in the psychometric field, the design of the research questionnaires was conducted. In addition, the viewpoints of experts in different domains were qualitatively and quantitatively included to assess the validity of the questionnaires. To assess the reliability of the questionnaires, a sample including 31 subjects was first selected and studied within a fortnight's interval. Then, the reliability and validity of the scales were assessed using factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha in a sample of 771 subjects.Results: After reviewing the viewpoints of experts, the items were adjusted and implemented in the first sample at two stages. The results were indicative of the stability and acceptability of the Cronbach's alpha. In addition, the validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed in the second sample too.Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the two questionnaires of PHRS and HHLS had acceptable reliability and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Investigating previous studies show that personality traits have an important role in controlling risky behaviours related to AIDS; therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between AIDS health literacy, personality traits and mental health and controlling risky behaviours related to AIDS through self‐efficacy. Methods: The statistical population includes all the young people in western provinces of Iran, 2015. Data analysis was carried out for a sample of 756 participants (59% female). Results: The results show that except for the socializing trait, all the other variables are related to controlling risky behaviours. In addition, variables of health literacy related to AIDS, mental health, activity, impulsive sensation seeking and hostility have a direct relation to controlling risky behaviours. Also, the predicting behaviours can predict 62% of the variance in controlling risky behaviours related to AIDS. The analysis results show that health literacy has an indirect impact on controlling risky behaviours through self‐efficacy. In other words, health literacy related to AIDS leads to controlling risky behaviours when self‐efficacy is high for controlling risky behaviours. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is recommended that the role of self‐efficacy in controlling risky behaviours be considered as a strategy for preventing AIDS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dependency on substance abuse is a chronic, progressive and destructive disease. The effective psychological on patients beliefs have important role in treatment of this disease. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the effect of the individual metaphor therapy in the irrational beliefs of dependents. Materials and Methods: This study used a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. The population of the study included all the opioids dependents referred to the MMT centers in Kermanshah, Iran (Spring 2014). Random cluster sampling was conducted and 38 patients were randomly selected to be assigned to either the experimental group or the control one. Millon Multidimensional Personality Inventory and Jones Irrational Beliefs Questioner were utilized as a measurement tool and an individual metaphor therapy as an intervention for experimental group. To compare the differences between the pre and post-intervention scores, a MANOVA was run using SPSS 20. Results: The results of the study revealed that the metaphor therapy is significantly effective in reducing "the need of demand for approval", "high self-expectation", "frustration reactivity", " anxious over concern", and " perfectionism" (P< 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the metaphor therapy can neutralize the patient's reactions without increasing the anxiety and help the patient through the creation of awareness or reframing his condition, it is suggested to use this therapy for the treatment of cognitive restructuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Studies on behavioral patterns and personality traits play a critical role in the prediction of healthy or unhealthy behaviors and identification of high-risk individuals for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in order to implement preventive strategies. This study aimed to compare personality types in individuals with and without CVD based on the enneagram of personality. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 96 gender-matched participants (48 CVD patients and 48 healthy subjects). Data were collected using the Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator (RHETI). Data analysis was performed in SPSS V.20 using MANOVA, Chisquare, and T-test. Results: After adjustment for age and gender there is a significant difference between two groups (and male) in term of personality types one and five. In CVD patients, score of personality type one (F(1,94)=9.476) (P=0.003) was significantly higher, while score of personality type five was significantly lower (F(1,94)=6.231) (P=0.014), compared to healthy subjects. However, this significant difference was only observed in the score of personality type one in female patients (F(1,66)=4.382) (P=0.04). Conclusion: Identifying healthy personality type one individuals before CVD development, providing necessary training on the potential risk factors of CVDs, and implementation of preventive strategies (e.g., anger management skills) could lead to positive outcomes for the society and health care system. It is recommended that further investigation be conducted in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aggression is one of the negative components of emotion and it is usually considered to be the outcome of the activity of the Behavioral Inhibition and the Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS): components which can be considered as predisposing factors for personality differences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between brain behavioral systems and the characteristics of the five factor model of personality with aggression among students. Methods: The present study has a correlation descriptive design. The research population included all of the Razi University students in the academic year of 2012-2013. The sampling was carried out with a random stratified method and 360 people (308 female and 52 male) were studied according to a table of Morgan. The study instruments were Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, NEO Personality Inventory (Short Form), and Carver and White scale for BAS /BIS. Finally, SPSS20 was utilized to analyze the data using Pearson correlation, regression analysis, and canonical correlation. Results: The data showed a significant positive relationship between the neurosis and agreeableness personality factors with aggression; but there is a significant negative relationship between the extroversion, openness, and conscientiousness personality factors with aggression. Furthermore, there is a significant positive relationship between all the components of brain behavioral systems (impulsivity, novelty seeking, sensitivity, tender) and aggression. The results of regression analysis indicated the personality characteristics and the brain behavioral systems which can predict 29 percent of the changes to aggression, simultaneously. Conclusions: According to a predictable level of aggressiveness by the personality characteristics and brain behavioral systems, it is possible to identify the personality characteristics and template patterns of brain behavioral systems for the students which be presented to them as a necessary training in order to control and manage of anger and aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Social context that encompass individuals, are from the most important predictors of their health and well-being. This study was done with aim of surveying the relationship between social trust and psychological disorders in general population of Kermanshah, Iran. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was done in 476 people of Kermanshah city, winter 2013 and multistage sampling method was applied. Study tools were demographic scale, the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and social trust questionnaires. Data analyzed by SPSS-18 using Pearson and canonical correlation tests. Results: Mean age of respondents was 30.33±9.72 and 57.6% of them were female. Results of Pearson correlation test showed that "trust to people" variable have had the most negative correlation with "paranoid ideation" and then "depression"subscales.Canonical correlation results showed that from predictor variables, the weight of "trust to government" subscale was equal 0.91 and have had the most relationship with first combined (latent) variable of dependent variables (psychological disorders subscales). The Willk'slambda was 0.871 that means about 13% of dependent variables variance was predicted by trust variables. Conclusion: The social trust variable, comprised from trust to government and trust to people variables, can explain mental healthsignificantly and is related withdecrease of psychological disorders. Therapists can consider trust issue in the treatment of psychologicaldisorders examined in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There are significant gender differences in the epidemiology and presentation of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), physiological aspects of CVDs, response to diagnostic tests or interventions, and prevalence or incidence of the associated risk factors. Considering the independent influence of gender on early dire consequences of such diseases, this study was conducted to investigate gender differences in patients' beliefs about biological, environmental, behavioral, and psychological risk factors in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Materials and Methods: This study has cross sectional design. The sample was composed of 775 patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation unit in Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. The data were collected using clinical interview and patients' medical records. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and chi-square test. To do the statistical analysis, SPSS version 20 was utilized. Results: As the results indicated, there was a significant difference between the beliefs of men and women about risk factors of heart disease (X2= 48.36; P<0.01). Men considered behavioral (55.1%) and psychological (33.7%) risk factors as the main causes of their disease, respectively. On the other hand, women regarded psychological (38.2%) and behavioral factors (26.6%) as the most common causes of cardiac conditions, respectively. Both men and women considered stress as the most important heart disease risk factor (21% and 22.3%, respectively). Also, women were less aware of the risk factors, compared to men. Conclusion: From the patients' perspective, psychological and behavioral risk factors were the most important causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); moreover, stress was the most influential risk factor for developing cardiac diseases. Thus, learning to control and manage these risk factors can help to prevent the development of CVDs and reduce the occurrence of subsequent cardiac events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: According to dimensions of mental disorders and researches focusing on mental disorders in the general population, the relationship between alexithymia, positive affect and negative affect with mental disorders has been investigated in this paper. Materials and Methods: for this study, 300 students were randomly selected from Razi University. In order to gather the data, questionnaires of sq_90, alexithymia (FTAS-20) and scale of positive and negative effects (PANAS-X) were employed. For data analysis, statistical indices such as correlation and regression were used. Results: The results obtained from the data analysis showed that there is a significant and positive correlation between Alexithymia and negative affect with mental disorders. It was found that there is a significant and negative correlation between negative affect and mental disorders. Conclusions: The results indicated that Alexithymia and negative affect can predict mental disorders; however, positive affect is not able to predict the mental disorders. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the Alexithymia and negative affect have a negative role in mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds and Objectives: Given the importance of family in shaping the characters, current study was conducted to examine the role of gender, differentiation and attachment styles inon predicting the incidence of Alexeithmia. Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlative study was conducted. For to predicting alexithymia, and obtaining a predicting equation. The discriminant analysis method was used based on spss19 software. In this study, 325 students from Kermanshah Razi University were selected using stratified random sampling method. Data collection instruments was (DSI-R) questionnaire and adult attachment styles questionnaire, and for alexithymia we used FTAS-20 Questionnaire. Results: The results showed that secure attachment and avoidant attachment style and differentiation total score are able to predict the alexithymia. Therefore, if a person have the highest differentiation and secure attachment style and has the least avoidant attachment style, they are less likely subject to alexithymia characteristics. But the results showed that gender cannot predict the alexithymia Conclusion: The results are with the family's role in the occurrence of alexithymia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dream, as a kind of mental activity, includes various functions such as mood regulation, adjustment and integration of new information with the available memory system. The study was done for assessing the relationship between physiological and psychological components of cardiac diseases with emotionally negative dreams in cardiac rehabilitation. Methods: At the baseline of this cross-sectional study, 156 patients from Western Iran participated during April--November 2016. People 20 years--80 years able to recall the emotional content of dreams after cardiac surgery entered the study. The Beck depression inventory (BDI), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), Buss and Perry's aggression questionnaire (BPAQ) and Schredl's dream emotions manual were used for collecting data. A binary logistic regression analysis used for the study of the relationship between risk factors and emotionally negative dreams. Results: The mean age of participants was 59 (SD = 9) years (men: 64.1%). The results showed that 25% of patients have negative emotional content. After adjustment for demographic variables, the results showed that increased anxiety [adjusted odds ratio (adj OR) = 1.08 [1.01-1.16], P = 0.020] and anger (adj OR = 1.03 [1.00-1.06], P = 0.024) and hypertension (adj OR = 2.71 [1.10-6.68], P = 0.030) can predict the dreams with negative content significantly. Conclusion: The increasing rates of anxiety and anger and history of hypertension are related to increasing dreams with the negative emotional load. The control of risk factors of dreams with negative emotional load can be the target of future interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental disorders contribute significantly to the burden of diseases in Iran. Therefore, the current study aims to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and their associated factors among youth in Kermanshah province of Iran. Methods: The current study is a part of the first phase of Ravansar Cohort (a part of the PERSIAN Youth Cohort) including 2991 participants aged 15 to 34 from Ravansar district in western Iran. Enrollment and data collection for this phase were performed from end April 2015 to early April 2017. The data were gathered using structured interviews and national and international standard questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using multinomial logistic regression and chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of any psychiatric disorder among the selected population was 31.3%. Major depressive disorder (MDD) (21.6%), followed by generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (6.4%) and dysthymia (1.9%) were the most prevalent disorders among the study individuals. The prevalence of alcohol and opioid/stimulant use disorders was 4.6% and 5.1%, respectively. Moreover, there was significant relationship between location of residence (city or village) and marital status with prevalence of the disorders. Conclusion: Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that the prevalence of mental and psychiatric disorders among the youth in Ravansar district, western Iran is relatively high and needs specific plans and interventions to control it [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difficulty falling asleep and/or maintaining sleep are common complaints in patients visiting medical clinics. Insomnia can occur alone or in combination with other medical or psychiatric disorders. Diagnosis and management of insomnia at times are perplexing. This updated study review aimed at a clinical algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in adults. We developed an easy-to-apply algorithm to diagnose and manage insomnia that can be used by general practitioners and non-sleep specialists. To this end, our team reviewed the previous studies to determine the prevalence, evaluation, and treatment of insomnia. We used the results to develop a clinical algorithm for diagnosing and managing insomnia.Insomnia occurs in a short (less than 3 months duration) or chronic form (≥3 months duration). Insomnia management includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. There is ample research evidence for the impact of a variety of non-pharmacological treatments, but both types of treatments can be used for each patient. If there are any contradictions in the diagnosis process, therapists should use objective instruments, such as polysomnography, but they should not be in a hurry to use these instruments.

Background: Apnea disorder is influenced by social and environmental factors. By assessing its hot spots and geography, the foci of this disorder and its at-risk groups can be identified for health interventions. This study was conducted to investigate the spatial pattern of apnea disorder using GIS in the Kermanshah metropolis., Methods: In cross-sectional study was conducted in kermanshah, the statistical population were 119 people (73.95% male and 26.05% female) of Kermanshah residents, which referred to the sleep center from 2012 to 2018 due to apnea disorder. Information was collected from the records of patients referred to the Sleep Disorder Center of Farabi Hospital, which is the only service center in the west part of Iran. The statistical tests were the mean center, standard distance, Getis-Ord Gi * index, nearest neighbor index, and kernel density estimation test in GIS software., Results: The spatial pattern of patients with apnea disorder has cluster formation in the Kermanshah metropolis. The age group of 50-54 had more apnea disorder than other age groups. In this age group, women were more prone to apnea than men. In terms of education, people with high education are more affected by this disorder; So that with the increase in education level, apnea disorder had also increased. Also, the findings showed that the disorder was more common in unemployed, married, overweight people with BMI (25-30), and obese people (30-40)., Conclusion: The spatial pattern of patients with apnea disorder was clustered and does not correspond to the high population density centers located in the marginal and slum areas of the city. These can be used by stakeholders, including governmental organizations and health authorities at the national-regional level., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

Background: Child abuse and violence toward children has become a complex phenomenon in nowadays societies leaving hurt children with numerous complications such as lowered self-efficacy. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the effect of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) in physically abused children self-efficacy., Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial. From this statistical population of all abused children aged 9-12 in Kermanshah in 2016-2017, 40 were divided into intervention and control groups randomly. Tools used in this study were Maurice self-efficacy questionnaire and child abuse questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Chi-square test, paired t -test, and independent t -test., Results: It was revealed that the mean difference between two groups was not meaningful before intervention. After TF-CBT in intervention group, self-efficacy mean scores of social (17.95 vs. 24.20) and emotional (15.05 vs. 19.05) domains showed meaningful differences, whereas academic self-efficacy mean score did not change significantly (14.10 vs. 14.65) ( P < 0.086). In control group, social (16.20 vs. 15.55), emotional (13.90 vs. 14.35), and academic (13.40 vs. 13.90) mean self-efficacy scores were not of significant difference ( P > 0.001)., Conclusions: TF-CBT can be used as an appropriate therapy intervention to improve social and emotional self-efficacy in abused children., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.