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Although a heavily-calcified so-called "porcelain" aorta is encountered infrequently, its association presents a formidable problem in cardiac surgery. Here we describe a case of severe aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease combined with the circumferentially calcified aorta. The patient was a 63-year-old man who successfully underwent double coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement during hypothermic perfusion through the right axillary artery with endoaortic balloon occlusion, followed by minimal endarterectomy of the calcified plate along the aortotomy, and closure of the aorta buttressed with bovine pericardium under circulatory arrest.

Co-operative freight transport systems have the potential for solving many of urban traffic problems. This paper presents a co-operative vehicle routing and scheduling model with optimal location of logistics terminals for investigating the effects and materialisation of co-operative freight transport systems. Applications of the model to an urban goods delivery showed that introducing co-operative freight transport systems could lead to a substantial reduction in delivery cost and total travel time within the whole road network, while the profitability of the co-operative freight organisation depends on the area size and the number of customers.

NO x and particulate matter are the main environmental hazards in the diesel exhaust. In order to explore a suitable method to remove NO X as well as particulate matter, we have examined the catalytic reduction of NO X with soot in the presence of oxygen. Pt catalyst loaded on Al 2 O 3 -coated honeycomb was found to be more active than K, Ca and Cu catalysts. Even in the presence of 8% O 2 , NO can be reduced to N 2 by soot with Pt catalyst. NO was completely converted to N 2 in the isothermal reaction at 500°C, and the high activity of the catalyst retained for a long time period. The effects of Pt catalyst and O 2 on the mechanism of C-NO reaction was examined by using step response experiment.

We report nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements of the 63 Cu nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times in YBa 2 (Cu 1- x Ni x ) 4 O 8 ( x =0, 0.005, 0.010 and 0.020) using a spin-echo techniq...

We report zero field chain-site 63 Cu NQR studies of the low-lying magnetic excitations of CuO zigzag double chains in low- T c and non-superconducting YBa 2 (Cu 1− x Zn x ) 4 O 8 , YBa 2 (Cu 1− x Ni x ) 4 O 8 and Y 1− x Pr x Ba 2 Cu 4 O 8 . For the non-superconducting YBa 2 (Cu 1− x Zn x ) 4 O 8 with x = 0.03, we observed a non-vanishing behavior of a 63 Cu nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate divided by temperature 1/ T 1 T at low temperatures, that is, the absence of an energy gap in a magnetic excitation spectrum. The gapless magnetic excitation spectrum of the zigzag chains is characteristic of a quasi-one-dimensional Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. The Zn-, Ni- and Pr-induced stretched exponential 63 Cu nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times suggest that the Zn-induced edge state has different magnetic correlation from Ni and Pr impurities.

The temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility was measured for the S = 1 2 quasi one dimensional antiferromagnet Pb 2 V 3 O 9 under the steady magnetic field up to μ 0 H = 30 T . This material has alternating exchange interaction and a spin-gap at zero magnetic field. An anomaly of magnetic susceptibility indicating the field-induced antiferromagnetic long-range order was observed in high magnetic fields. The Neel temperature at high fields is much lower than the calculated value based on the standard mean-field theory of field-induced magnetic order.

We report 125Te NMR studies for single crystals of CeTe 3 between 22 and 307 K, under an applied field of H = 7.4847 T along a- or b-axis. The 125Te NMR spectrum consists of superposition of broad and sharp peaks, which are assigned to the signals of 125Te(1) in Te(1) sheets and 125Te(2) in CeTe(2) bi-layers, respectively. The broad 125Te(1) NMR spectrum consists of three distinguishable lines, regarded as an evidence for the presence of the incommensurate charge-density wave (ICDW) modulation. The Knight shifts of 125Te(1) widely distribute from - 0.16 % to + 0.58 % at 110 K and the temperature dependence of each Knight shift is proportional to the bulk susceptibility, indicating that the conduction electron spin density is polarized by the Ce local moments in the CDW state.

We studied magnetic excitations of a spin-gapped compound Na 2 Cu 2 TeO 6 , the hole doping effect on the Cu 2 TeO 6 plane via topotactic Na deficiency introduced by soft-chemical treatment, the spin vacancy effect by Zn substitution and the magnetic impurity effect by Ni substitution for Cu by means of magnetic susceptibility measurements. It turned out that unpaired moments of the doped holes by Na deficiency, Zn and Ni impurities induce Curie magnetism and lower the broad maximum temperature T max in the uniform spin susceptibility. The decrease of T max indicates the decrease of a predominant superexchange interaction.

We synthesized four series of bilayer hydrated Na x CoO 2 · y H 2 O samples and studied their duration dependences of superconducting transition temperatures T c 's in a high humidity atmosphere. After the long duration of a year, T c of two series of samples decreased gradually down to 2.7 K, while the other series became nonsuperconductors and were partially resolved into CoOOH. The difference in the duration dependence of superconductivity is ascribed to the difference in an initial content of Na, which results from the reduction during immersing water. A monotonic relation between the superconducting volume fraction and T c suggests an unconventional superconducting mechanism, similarly to high- T c cuprates.

Pb 2 V 3 O 9 is an S = 1 2 alternating spin chain compound with a spin-gap. We have observed field- and impurity- induced antiferromagnetic long range order (AF-LRO) in this system. We made phase diagrams for each case from the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility χ measurement. For both perturbation induced AF-LRO, the increase of T N was commonly observed in the low magnetic field and the low impurity concentration regions. However, the behavior of χ below T N for each case is quite different; one increases and the other decreases. These contrastive behaviors originate from spatially different characters of the induced moments by the perturbations introduced to the spin-gap system.

Na 23 NMR was measured for newly synthesized superconducting and non-superconducting bilayer-hydrated (BLH) Na x CoO 2 · y H 2 O compounds systematically prepared by time-controlling duration-effect method of the sample preparation in high humidity atmosphere. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1 / T 1 of Na 23 shows a ferromagnetic power-law behavior ( T 0.7 ) for both superconducting and non-superconducting BLH compounds in the low temperature regime, which has been also observed in Na 0.7 CoO 2 , while the order of amplitude of 1 / T 1 is substantially suppressed in BLH cases. Therefore, the in-plane ferromagnetic fluctuation still remains after the intercalation of water molecules although the inter-plane antiferromagnetic correlation is weakened, suggesting that the superconductivity occurs in the vicinity of the quantum critical point of the A-type spin fluctuations in the phase diagram of the novel Na x CoO 2 · y H 2 O system.

We present site-selective Zeeman-perturbed plane-site 63Cu(2) NQR studies of vortex cores in the dilute magnetic flux lattice of oriented powder YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 - δ ( T c = 92 K ) at a magnetic field of 96 mT along the c -axis. The local spin correlation around the vortex cores near a lower critical field H c 1 was found to be moderately enhanced, in contrast to the strongly enhanced local spin correlation around the in-plane non-magnetic impurities Zn.

We report the doping dependence of the planar 63 Cu Knight shift ( 63 K ), the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 63 (1/ T 1 T ) and the Gaussian spin-echo decay rate 63 (1/ T G ) for the high- T c monolayer HgBa 2 CuO 4+δ over a wide doping range [ T c =50, 72, 82 K (underdoping), 96 K (optimal doping) and 30 K (overdoping)], measured by the Cu NMR spin-echo technique. We found the following new facts; (1) both the static and the dynamical spin susceptibilities exhibit the pseudo spin-gap behavior over a wide q region around the staggered mode Q , (2) the dynamical pseudo spin-gap in 1/ T 1 T can mainly be ascribed to the static one in 1/ T G , and (3) a spin fluctuation amplitude probed by the empirical ratio T 1 T /( T G ) 2 is a monotonic decreasing function of the doping level but not proportional to T c . From comparison with La 2- x Sr x CuO 4 , we discussed the role of the pseudo spin-gap in the high- T c superconductivity.

The doping dependence of low-frequency spin dynamics is discussed from a viewpoint of the self-consistently renormalized spin-fluctuation theory for the experimental planar Cu nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/ T 1 in the doped high- T c Cu oxides, La 2- x Sr x CuO 4 ( x =0.06, 0.15 and 0.20). We report that the crossover temperature T * of T 1 T deviating from the high- T Curie-Weiss law increases with reduced carrier density. We found that the doping dependence of T * is not consistent with the current spin-fluctuation theories in which the actual metal-insulator transition is regarded as the disorder-to-order transition. The present suppression of the staggered spin fluctuation is an anomaly near half-filling, inclusive of the pseudo spin-gap.

We have measured the temperature dependence of the planar 63 Cu nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate, 1/ T 1 , up to 700 K in underdoped La 2- x Sr x CuO 4 ( x =0.08, 0.10, 0.12). The observed 1/ T 1 T for those samples show Curie-Weiss like behaviour at high temperatures as previously reported. However, we can extract a characteristic temperature, T * , below which the data deviate from the high temperature Curie-Weiss law for each sample. The hole concentration dependence of T * is discussed from a viewpoint of the pseudo spin-gap in this single layer system. We have also found an anomalous behaviour in which the copper relaxation rate, 1/ T 1 , depends on the NQR frequency especially in under-doping region. In this system, it is important to recognize microscopic disorder of the CuO 2 planes which modifies the intrinsic spin dynamics.

Dynamic random access memory data retention characteristics were investigated as a function of operating voltage. Based on a statistical process, called the trap-level-distribution model, which was proposed in our previous report, we further assumed that the junction leakage current by Shockley–Read–Hall process is enhanced by an electric field through the trap-assisted-tunneling process. We incorporated into the model two processes that cause variation in the electric field at the traps; the variation of electric field itself and the spatial trap distribution. By comparing the Monte Carlo and analytical calculations with the experimental results, we found that the retention time distribution is not only caused by the energy level and spatial distributions of the traps, but by the space-charge-region field distribution among the cells. A possible origin of the field distribution is the variation of dopant profile among the junctions.

We found the field-induced magnetic ordering for a quasi-one-dimensional alternating spin chain compound Pb2V3O9, which can be understood by Bose–Einstein condensation of triplons. In this paper, we present the temperature-field magnetic phase diagram, which is drawn from magnetic susceptibility, high field magnetization and 51V NMR measurements.

We report on 7Li NMR studies of a spin S = 3/2 triangular lattice antiferromagnet LiCrO2 (Neel temperature TN = 62 K) in the paramagnetic state by using the free-induction decay of 7Li nuclear magnetization. We observed critical divergence of the 7Li nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T1 near TN, a narrow critical region, and a critical exponent w = 0.45 from a fit of 1/T1 $\propto$ (T/TN - 1)$^{-w}$. Although spin frustration effects have been explored for this system, the dynamical critical phenomena suggest that LiCrO2 in the critical region is a poor low dimensional antiferromagnetic system., 6 pages, 4 figures, to appear in JPS Conf. Proc. (SCES2013)

We report on Cu nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) and NMR studies of an optimally hole-doped superconductor Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2 (Tc ~ 28 K for x ~ 0.2). In spite of robust oxygen composition, we observed a multiple broad NQR frequency spectrum and nonexponential Cu nuclear spin-lattice relaxation, being similar to those of La2-xSrxCuO4-d., Comment: 2 pages, 3 figures; to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn (short note)

The temperature ( T ) dependence of the planar 63 Cu nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/ T 1 ) and its anisotropy have been measured for 63 Cu-enriched high- T c Cu oxides, La 2- x Sr x CuO 4 ( x =0.13, T c ∼34 K; and 0.18, T c ∼35 K), where the Cu(A) and the Cu(B) resonance lines are clearly discriminated. We found that 1/ T 1 T shows a sharp maximum at 45–50 K above T c . From the T -dependent anisotropy of 1/ T 1 , possible origins for the peak of 1/ T 1 T are discussed based on current spin fluctuation theories.

Measurements of the temperature (T) dependence of the planar63Cu nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1)for the63Cu-enriched high-Tc Cu oxides, La2−xSrxCuO4 (x=0.13 and 0.18; Tc∼34K), are reported. 1/T1T shows a maximum around 50 K, similar to that for V2O3 under a high pressure and for the bilayered high-Tc Cu oxides. The T-dependent anisotropy of 1/T1 suggests that the T-dependent antiferromagnetic correlation length ξ can explain the peaked T-dependence of 1/T1T.

A statistical model to investigate the distribution of dynamic random access memory data retention times is proposed. The model assumes that the retention time is determined by a junction leakage current generated at carrier traps by a Shockley–Read–Hall process, and that the trap levels are randomly distributed not only among the memory cells but also within a cell. Monte Carlo results based on the model were in excellent agreement with experimental results, which confirmed the validity of the model. An analytical expression of the retention time distribution was also derived, and proved a good approximation near the 50% cumulative probability. Based on the model, variation in the retention time distributions among samples was found to be related to different trap‐level distributions at the SiO2/Si interface.

We report Cu NMR and NQR studies of the cupric sulfide CuS from 4.2 K to room temperature. We have assigned the site for two distinct 63 Cu NMR lines based on an abrupt change of the Cu NMR spectrum at 55 K due to a structural phase transition for both the powder and the oriented CuS. We found that the Cu nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/ T 1 is magnetic in origin and highly anisotropic, and that the temperature dependence of 1/ T 1 T is similar to that of the uniform magnetic susceptibility χ 0 ( T ). The orbital contribution to the relaxation rate and the nature of the electron spin correlation at the Cu sites are discussed.

Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/ T 1 of 63 Cu was measured from 100 K to 800 K in La 1.85 Sr 0.15 CuO 4 , and is compared with the previous result of the parent compound La 2 CuO 4 . There exists a distinct difference in the values of 1/ T 1 at high temperatures between the metallic La 1.85 Sr 0.15 CuO 4 and the insulating La 2 CuO 4 . The contribution of an antiferromagnetic mode around q ∼ Q =(π/ a , π/ a ) to 1/ T 1 ((1/ T 1 ) AF ) was evaluated. The extracted rate (1/ T 1 ) AF shows a broad peak at T * ∼300 K. The value of (1/ T 1 T ) AF follows the Curie-Weiss law C /( T +θ) above and below T * . This result suggests a crossover from the high-temperature regime with negative Weiss temperature θ to the low-temperature regime with positive θ.

We report the temperature( T )-dependence of the planar 63 Cu nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate, 1/ T 1 , both at the Cu(A)-site (77.3 K≤ T ≤500 K) and at the Cu(B)-site (77.3 K≤ T ≤300 K) in the high- T c Cu oxide, La 1.80 Sr 0.20 CuO 4 ( T c ∼30 K), measured by the Cu NQR spin-echo technique. We found that 1/ T 1 at the Cu(B)-site is different from that at the Cu(A)-site, and that 1/ T 1 at the Cu(A)-site has a superlinear T -dependence in the T -range of 300∼500 K. Comparisons of the present 1/ T 1 are made with the data for other systems. The difference in 1/ T 1 between two Cu sites is discussed from the viewpoint of local inhomogeneous electronic states.

A memory effect of in-plane-gated field-effect transistors (IPGFETs) has been observed on hydrogen-terminated and oxygen-terminated diamond surfaces. The hysteresis characteristics are achieved by the hole traps in the oxygen-terminated surface of the IPGFETs where the threshold voltage shift by the gate voltage sweep is confirmed in the Id–Vg characteristics. This feature is observed under light illumination, and depends on the radiant flux density. The hysteresis characteristics become very small under the condition of no light irradiation at room temperature. It is assumed that carrier trap sites on the insulating part of IPGFET cause the hysteresis characteristics. Radiant flux enhances carrier migration.

In order to investigate the hole doping dependence of the spin-gap behavior in Y123 system, the temperature dependence of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time T 1 of Cu(2) site was measured in ...

We studied narrow $^1$H NMR spectra of Mg(OH)$_2$ and Ca(OH)$_2$ powders at 100$-$355 K and 42$-$59 MHz using pulsed NMR techniques. The Fourier transformed NMR spectra of the proton free-induction signals show the superposition of broad and narrow components, which can be assigned to immobile protons and extrinsic mobile protons, respectively. We found that a narrow spectrum develops on heating above about $T_c$ = 260 K and widens above a Larmor frequency of about $f_c$ = 50 MHz for Mg(OH)$_2$. The temperature-induced NMR spectrum and the characteristic frequency $f_c$ of 50 MHz are the noteworthy features of the nuclear spin fluctuation spectra of the extrinsic protons., 6 pages, 9 figures

The wave-number dependent BCS spin susceptibility χ( q ) with various-type anisotropic superconducting gap parameters Δ( q ) is calculated for a two dimensional nearly antiferromagnetic Fermi liquid model with the random-phase-approximation (RPA). The Δ( q ) anisotropic but gapful on the Fermi surface gives rise to a significant reduction of χ( q ) around q = Q [=(π,π)]. The enhanced χ( q ∼ Q ) below T c as large as above T c can be traced to the d ( x 2 - y 2 )-wave gap parameter or the nodeless anisotropic gap parameter with the specific minimum gap, Δ m i n (0.35

Nafamostat mesilate (FUT) is a protease inhibitor with inhibitory effects of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregation. We occasionally experienced intraoperative and postoperative hemostatic disturbances in total hepatic vascular exclusion (THVE) with veno-venous bypass in spite of using heparin bonded circuit. It has been considered that more significant changes in hemostasis occur during the anhepatic period with the use of venous bypass. Therefore we tried FUT as an anticoagulative and antifibrinolytic agent for venous bypass. We herein present a 58-year-old woman with giant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occupying the right lobe. Preoperative imaging studies revealed massive HCC involving the inferior vena cava. The patient successfully underwent extended right hepatectomy using THVE technique with conventional venous bypass. Non heparin bonded circuit was used in this case. FUT was continuously infused during bypass. We did not find the tendency of oozing after reperfusion, intracurcuit clots formation, and any complications due to thrombus. Postoperatively, the patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged 20 days after the operation. We believe that FUT is useful for reduction of blood loss as a new anticoagulant and antifibrinolytic agent for hepatic veno-venous bypass without heparin bonded circuit.

The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/ T 1 and the indirect nuclear spin-spin relaxation rate 1/ T 2g for 63 Cu in La 2 CuO 4 ( T N =312 K) were reexamined from 400 K to 1000 K, expanding the temperature range of the first observation by Imai et al. The temperature dependence of 1/ T 1 is in good agreement with the previous result, while 1/ T 2g decreases more rapidly with temperature. The temperature dependences of both 1/ T 1 and 1/ T 2g closely follow the renormalized classical (RC) formula below about 600 K, but deviate from the RC prediction above 600 K. The scaling relation between 1/ T 1 and 1/ T 2g was not confirmed above 600 K, in conflict with the theoretical prediction for the quantum critical (QC) regime. Hence, we argue that the deviation from the RC formula above 600 K does not necessarily correspond to a crossover from the RC to the QC regime.

The temperature ( T ) dependence of the static staggered spin susceptibility χ( Q ) for the high T c Cu oxides, YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.98 and YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 , extracted from the Cu nuclear spin-spin relaxation measurements is discussed. The self-consistent-renormalization (SCR) calculation for a two dimensional antiferromagnetic Fermi liquid well reporoduces the experimental Curie-Weiss-type T -dependence of χ( Q ), but the random-phase-approximation does not. This shows that the Curie-Weiss-type χ( Q ) of the high T c Cu oxides results from the SCR spin fluctuations at finite temperatures but not from the strong nesting of the Fermi surface.

Temperature ( T ) dependence of the static and the dynamic electron spin-spin correlation is discussed through the planar 63 Cu(2) nuclear spin-spin relaxation rate 1/ 63 T G and the spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/ 63 T 1 T for YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.6 ( T c ∼60 K), YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 ( T c ∼82 K), YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.98 ( T c ∼92 K), and Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6+δ ( T c ∼85 K). The restricted moment sums S =( 63 T 1 T ) AF /( 63 T G ) 2 [∼χ( Q )Γ( Q )] for the lightly doped Cu oxides tend to have constant values at high temperatures and those for the other ones are nearly T -independent at all the measured T ( T c < T

We report the temperature dependence of the planar 63 Cu(2) nuclear spin-spin relaxation rate for high- T c Cu oxide superconductors YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.98 ( T c ∼ 92 K), LaBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.93 ( T c ∼ 92 K) and Y 2 Ba 4 Cu 7 O 14.95 ( T c ∼ 60 K), including the previous report for YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 ( T c ∼ 82 K). The Gaussian decay rate 1/ 63 T G below T c shows a slight decrease but remains enhanced as above T c . A secondary reduction of 1/ 63 T G for YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.98 and LaBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.93 has also been observed below about 30 K. We associate this with a change in the character of the superconducting order parameter. We conclude that Cooper pair of the high- T c superconducting state is basically in a d -wave gap state.

We have measured the temperature ( T ) dependence of the Gaussian decay rate 1/ T G associated with the 63 Cu nuclear spin-spin relaxation of Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6+δ ( T c ∼85 K) by the NMR spin-echo technique. 1/ T G increases from T c up to T sp ∼120 K and decreases monotonically in a Curie-Weiss-like law above T sp . In spite of the nonmonotonic T -dependence of (1/ T G ) 2 [∼χ( Q )], we have found that (1/ T G ) 2 scales to 1/ T 1 T and hence 1/ T 1 ∝ T χ( Q ) is valid above T c . This result indicates that the antiferromagnetic spin-fluctuation theory for the two-dimensional itinerant electron system holds for the present overdoped monolayered Cu oxide without a dynamical gap.

We report microstructures on the surface of graphite particles found in practicable carbon anodes by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The surfaces consist of “closed-edge” structures constructed in a similar manner as carbon nano-tube. We have also investigated the formation mechanism of these nano-structures using molecular dynamics simulations based on the Tersoff potential. From electrochemical measurements, the carbon anodes composed of these “closed-edge” structures show actually high battery performance with a large discharge capacity and a small irreversible capacity.

The patient is a 47-year-old female. She had undergone abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer at 39 years of age. Two years and 9 months after surgery, she was diagnosed with a vagina invasion. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy (UFT/ LV) were performed. After 4 courses of UFT/LV, a complete response (CR) was noted. Four years and 3 months after surgery, she was diagnosed with a sacrum metastasis. Chemotherapy with S-1 was performed. After 2 courses of S-1, a CR was noted. There has been no recurrence sign to date.

We have measured the temperature (T) dependence of the transverse relaxation rate (TG−1) of the Cu(1) nuclear spin in YBa2Cu3O6.98 (Tc=92 K) and YBa2Cu4O8 (Tc=82 K). From the scaling ratio ofTG−2(Cu1) toTG−2(Cu2), we have estimated the strength of a covalent bonding between the CuO2 plane and the CuO chain to be B≈0.38×Azz. The experimentalTG−1(Cu1) in YBa2Cu4O8 was of the same order of magnitude as the estimated one fromTG−1(Cu2). These results appear to indicate that the electrons in the CuO2 plane fairly spread out of the plane in both compounds.

Sixteen cases (20 knees) of arthroplasties using the AMK prosthesis were clinically and radiographically evaluated. The mean age was 69 years in the osteoarthritic group (11 cases) and 58 years in the rheumatoid arthritic group (5 cases). The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 27 months (mean 19 months). Mean JOA knee rating score improved from 55 to 78 points in the OA group and from 51 to 73 in the RA group. Supine active flexion averaged 125° preoperatively and 111° postoperatively in the OA group, and 100° preoperatively and 105°postoperatively in the RA group. Radiolucencies, present in two cemented tibial components, were less than 1mm. Sclerotic lines were noticed at the bone-implant interface in five tibial components and one femoral component.No cases of dislocation or subluxation of the patellofemoral joint were seen on the axial view.

We reveal the mechanism of assembly stress in pad areas of flip chip package by using our new local stress evaluation technique in μm resolution. The technique is designed to evaluate the characteristic change of high-k/metal gate transistors (Trs) that are arrayed in μm pitch. In this structure, the downward stress increases the ids of these Trs. The causes of assembly stress in pad areas are: 1) Local stress concentration to the Under Bump Metal (UBM) step at the Polyimide film (PI) aperture edge, which is induced by the contraction of the PI 2) Global stress to the solder bump, which is induced by the contraction of the Underfill resin (UF). These stresses have temperature dependence, and are relaxed between the UBM formation temperature and the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the UF. Based on the mechanism, we propose a new structure without step in the UBM, and expect to reduce assembly stress by 30% with the new structure.

We reveal the mechanism of assembly stress in pad areas of flip chip package by using our new local stress evaluation technique in µm resolution. The technique is designed to evaluate the characteristic change of high-k/metal gate transistors (Trs) that are arrayed in µm pitch.

Carbon-intercalation effects on weakly ferromagnetic ${\text{Ni}}_{3}\text{Al}$ have been studied by $^{27}\text{A}\text{l}$ spin-echo NMR techniques. The Knight shift $K$ and the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time ${T}_{1}$ of $^{27}\text{A}\text{l}$ have been measured in the carbon-intercalated ${\text{Ni}}_{3}{\text{AlC}}_{x}$ with $x=0$, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1, whose Curie temperatures are 36 K, 18 K, $l2\text{ }\text{K}$, $l2\text{ }\text{K}$ and $l2\text{ }\text{K}$, respectively. The magnitude of the negative $^{27}\text{A}\text{l}$ hyperfine coupling constants were found to decrease at first, and then increase with the carbon intercalation into the body-center site of ${\text{Ni}}_{3}\text{Al}$. The linear relations between the $1/{T}_{1}T$ and the magnetic susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$ indicate that the three-dimensional ferromagnetic spin fluctuations are dominant in the ${\text{Ni}}_{3}{\text{AlC}}_{x}$ system. We estimate the evolution of the characteristic temperature of spin fluctuations, ${T}_{0}$, in frequency space when the system changes from weak ferromagnetism to a nearly ferromagnetic state. Then, we analyze the temperature dependence of inverse magnetic susceptibilities and discuss the feature of the spin fluctuations in this system. As a result, the carbon-intercalation effect was found to be over a long range, inducing three-dimensional ferromagnetic quantum phase transition at $x\ensuremath{\sim}0.02$.

We have measured the temperature dependence of the transverse relaxation time of 63 Cu(2) nuclear spin in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.98 , YBa 2 ( 63 Cu) 3 O 7 , and YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 . After subtraction of the T 1 process, the decay curve of the spin-echo envelope for YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 in a strong H 1 followed a single Gaussian form from 280 K to 4.2 K, while for YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.98 it follows only above T c . The absolute value and the temperature dependence of the decay rate 1/ 63 T G could be understood by the combined contributions of the direct dipole-dipole and the temperature-dependent indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling via χ( q ). From the temperature dependence of 1/ 63 T G for YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 below T c , we considered that χ( Q ) even below T c remains enhanced. In a viewpoint of the 63 Cu(2) nuclear spin-spin relaxation experiments, so far as YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 is concerned, the high- T c superconductivity seems to exhibit the d -wave pairing.