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The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of frontoethmoidal cells in normal Chinese subjects.Two hundred and two Chinese subjects without symptoms of frontal sinus disease were undergone spiral computed tomography (CT). The multiplanar reconstruction images were evaluated using a standard triplanar reconstruction protocol on a computer workstation.There were 121 males and 81 females. The mean age was (39.4 +/- 13.5) years. Of all the frontal cells identified in 159 sides (39.4%) of frontal recesses, the prevalence of type I, type II, type III and type cells were 24.3% (98 sides), 6.9% (28 sides), 8.2% (33 sides) and 0% (0 side) respectively. Suprabulbar cell, supraorbital ethmoid cells, and frontal bulbar cell were identified in 148 sides (36.6%) Jian-hu, 22 sides (5.4%), and 36 sides (8.9%) respectively. While the interfrontal septal cells was found in 25 patients (12.4%). The prevalence of agger nasi cell was 94. 1% (380 sides). Two hundred and forty-four uncinate processes (60.4%) had one superior attachment for each uncinate process; the other 160 uncinate processes (39.6%) had two superior attachments for each uncinate process. The single superior attachment of the uncinate process into the surrounding structures was identified to have the following distribution: 53.0% (n=214) to the lamina papyracea, 5.2% (n=21) to the middle turbinate, 2.2% (n=9) to the skull base. Most of the uncinate process' two superior attachments were either into the lamina papyracea and the skull base (27.5%, n=111) or into the lamina papyracea and the middle turbinate (8.7%, n=35). The other 14 uncinate processes (3.5%) superiorly attached to the skull base and the middle turbinate. The prevalence of recessus terminalis was 89.1% (n=360).The result demonstrated the normal frontal recess pneumatization patterns in normal Chinese.

The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of frontal recess cells in Chinese patients who did not have frontal sinus disease related symptoms.Forty-nine Chinese patients without frontal sinus disease symptoms were undergone spiral computed tomography (CT). Then multiplanar reconstruction images were evaluated using a standard triplanar reconstruction protocol on a computer workstation.The prevalence of agge rnasi cell was 94% (92/98). Sixty-four uncinate processes (65%, 64/98) had one superior attachment for each uncinate process, the other thirty-four uncinate processes (35%, 34/98) had two superior attachments for each uncinate process. The uncinate process' single superior attachment into the surrounding structures was identified to have the following distribution: 53% (52/98) to the lamina papyracea, 9% (9/98) to the middle turbinate, 3% (3/98) to the skull base. Most of the uncinate process' two superior attachments were either into the lamina papyracea and the skull base (24%, 23/98) or into the lamina papyracea and the middle turbinate (10%, 10/98). Only one uncinate process (1%) superiorly attached to the skull base and the middle turbinate. The prevalence of recessus terminalis was 87% (85/98). Of all the frontal cells identified in 32 sides (33%) of frontal recesses, the prevalence of type I, type II, type II and type IV cells were 23% (23 sides), 2% (2 sides), 7% (7 sides) and 0% (0 side) respectively. Supra bullar cell, frontal bullar cell and interfrontal septal cell were identified in 30 sides (31%), 7 sides (7%) and 7 patients (14%) respectively.The result characterized normal frontal recess pneumatization in Chinese. That, together with the variations of the uncinate process' superior attachment emphasized the roles of agger nasi cell and the uncinate process in endoscopic frontal sinus surgery.

To understand the anatomy of the supraorbital ethmoid cell and its relationship with the frontal sinus drainage pathway.Five patients (5 sides) who had supraorbital ethmoid cell underwent endoscopic frontal sinus surgery. Computed tomographic (CT) scans of the sinuses were obtained in coronal and axial views. The frontal sinus ostium and the supraorbital ethmoid cell were endoscopically identified respectively.On coronal CT scans, the supraorbital ethmoid cell was a separate cell lateral to the frontal sinus. And on axial CT scans, it was lateral and posterior to the frontal sinus drainage pathway. Under endoscope, its opening was lateral and posterior to the frontal sinus ostium.The supraorbital ethmoid cell extended superolateral the boundaries of the lamina papyracea and the roof of the ethmoid to pneumatize the orbital plate of the frontal bone.

To observe the relationship between histomorphological changes in mucosa of chronic sinusitis (CS) and aerosol particles.The ethmoidal sinus mucus specimens of 60 patients with CS type I, II and III, and 16 cases of normal controls were collected. Meanwhile the pulmonary specimens in autopsy of 5 adult and 5 fetus cases were also collected. The specimens were stained by HE staining and Warthin-Starry (W-S) special aerosol particles staining method respectively, the ethmoidal sinus mucosa basement membrane were displayed by Van Gieson's (VG) special staining method, and its thickness was measured.By the W-S staining, some black aerosol particles were found depositing on the epithelial cells layer of damaged mucosa and in the plasm of the epithelial cells. The degree of deposition was gradually increased in type I, II and III of CS. The number of cases of slight, medium and heavy depositing in type I were 11/20, 7/20, 2/20, in type II 5/20, 9/20, 6/20, and in type III 3/20, 6/20, 11/20 respectively; the more particles deposited, the more thickening the basement membrane. The thickness of the basement membrane in type I, II and III of CS were (12.15 +/- 4.73), (16.67 +/- 2.22), (23.75 +/- 3.48) microm respectively. There were significant differences among type I, II and III (P0.01). The black particles in the mucosa epithelium tissues of normal control group and non-damaged mucosa epithelium and desquamation area were seldom seen. On the other hand, the aerosol particles were not seen in the pulmonary specimens of the fetal autopsy.In damaged mucosa epithelial cells of the CS, there are aerosol particles existing which may relate with the morphological changes of CS.

ZrIrGe and HfIrGe crystallize in the TiNiSi-type structure and exhibit a superconducting transition at 2.75K and 4.98K respectively. TiIrGe and HfRhGe have two allotropic varieties and their superconducting properties are strongly influenced by their crystal structure. On the other hand no superconducting transition has been observed above 1.6K for TiTGe (T = Ru,Os,Rh), ZrTGe (T = Ru,Os) and HfTGe (T = Ru,Os) which adopt either the ordered Fe 2 P-type or the TiFeSi-type superstructure. This investigation shows clearly that the TiNiSi-type structure favors occurence of superconductivity in ternary germanides as previously found for ternary silicides.

New equiatomic ternary silicides MIrSi (M = Y, Ti, Zr, Hf) crystallizing with the TiNiSi-type structure (antiPbCl/sub 2/) have been prepared. Those with Y(T /SUB cr/ = 2.70 K), Zr(T /SUB cr/ = 2.04 K) and Hf(T /SUB cr/ = 3.50 K) are the first superconducting ternary silicides having such a structure. The titanium compound has not been found to be superconducting above 1.7 K.

The compounds GdFe 8 Al 4 and GdFe 10 Al 2 with the ThMn 12 structure were obtained by melt spinning and annealing at 450 °C. They are ferri-magnetic with net moments at room temperature of 6.1 and 10.6 μ B formula unit −1 respectively. Iron hyperfine fields range from 19–27 T in GdFe 10 Al 2 . There is no non-magnetic iron site. The extrapolated Curie temperature for “GdFe 12 ” is 600 K.

The compounds GdFe 8 Al 4 and GdFe 10 Al 2 with the ThMn 12 structure were obtained by melt spinning and annealing at 450 °C. They are ferri-magnetic with net moments at room temperature of 6.1 and 10.6 μ B formula unit −1 respectively. Iron hyperfine fields range from 19–27 T in GdFe 10 Al 2 . There is no non-magnetic iron site. The extrapolated Curie temperature for “GdFe 12 ” is 600 K.