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Abstract In this work, we study the evolution of an evaporating black hole, described by the Kerr–Taub–NUT metric, which emits scalar particles. We found that allowing the black hole to radiate massless scalar particles increases the angular momentum loss rate while decreasing the loss rate of the NUT parameter and black hole mass. In fact, it means that angular momentum will disappear faster than the other black hole parameters (mass and NUT parameter) during the evaporation process. We also calculate the time evolution of the mass, angular momentum, and NUT parameter in order to get the evolution of the Von Neumann entropy of the black hole. We found that the entropy follows approximately the so-called Page curve, where the $$\beta $$ β parameter, which quantifies the amount of radiation, affects the evaporation process. Implying that high $$\beta $$ β values accelerate the evaporation process of a Kerr–Taub–NUT black hole.

Raptors usually show use for a particular habitat to settle during the breeding period. In this study, we aimed to study the habitat use of the breeding populations of Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus) in Spain, which represents the southern distribution limit of the species. We used GPS/GSM data from 17 individuals during 21 breeding periods. We analysed space and habitat use using 95% kernel density estimators to obtain home ranges during the breeding period. Then, we performed a third-order habitat selection analysis, extracting the percentage of locations on each land use and comparing it with random points generated within each home range. Furthermore, an Agricultural Use Index was created to classify harriers with agricultural or forest use depending on habitat. The results showed that harriers had a general use for agricultural land and, to a lesser extent, habitats with natural vegetation scrubs. Nest location was key to habitat selection, and these uses varied with latitude, with natural vegetation being chosen as the nesting habitat in the north and agricultural fields in the south, probably due to the availability of habitats in different parts of Iberia.

Background: Chemsex has been defined as the deliberate use of drugs for prolonged sexual intercourse between gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Drugs associated with chemsex can trigger mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, risk of psychosis and suicidal ideation, social isolation, stigmatization, and even loss of impulse control and lack of coping strategies. Currently, the increase in illicit drugs in a sexual context is considered an outbreak of a public health emergency. Objective: The aim of this study is the construction and validation of the Chem-Sex Inventory (CSI), a new scale to assess the mental health risk of chemsex behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted to study 563 participants. Data were collected through an online questionnaire between January and April 2023, and the construct validity of the CSI was assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The sample was, on average, 36 years old (SD: ±9.2). The majority of gender identity was cisgender (97.7%). A factor structure was found that can be summarized in four dimensions: emotional instability, risk of psychosis, altered body perception, and risk of suicide. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) presents adequate reliability values, with a Cronbach’s alpha above 0.87 for all dimensions and a McDonald’s omega above 0.88 with a good fit of the 42 items. Conclusions: Our study has shown that the Chem-Sex Inventory (CSI) scale has factorial validity and could be used in clinical practice and research to measure the behavioral contribution of the chemsex phenomenon in MSM.

The evaluation of the competencies corresponding to the different professional profiles of future nursing graduates is fundamental to their training. In this regard, students’ self-evaluation must be part of their training. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test the Perceived Self-Efficacy in Nursing Competencies (PSENC) Scale. This study was conducted in two phases: selecting and adjusting items and assessing the instrument’s psychometric properties. A sample of 1416 students completed the scale online. Exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Inferential analysis was carried out. The exploratory factor analysis of the PSENC scale with 20 items resulted in five factors (76.3% of variance). All factors showed Cronbach’s alpha coefficients > 0.70. The confirmatory factor analysis measurement model showed satisfactory and adequate goodness-of-fit indices. The developed scale showed the psychometric adequacy and usefulness to the self-assessment of nursing students regarding their self-efficacy expectations in competencies during their clinical practicum. This study was not registered.

Abstract We revisit Duff, Okun, and Veneziano’s divergent views on the number of fundamental constants and argue that the issue can be set to rest by having spacetime as the starting point. This procedure disentangles the resolution in what depends on the assumed spacetime (whether relativistic or not) from the theories built over it. By defining that the number of fundamental constants equals the minimal number of independent standards necessary to express all observables, as assumed by Duff, Okun, and Veneziano, it is shown that the same units fixed by the apparatuses used to construct the spacetimes are enough to express all observables of the physical laws defined over them. As a result, the number of fundamental constants equals one in relativistic spacetimes.

The conflict in Ukraine has meant that the supply of ball clay from this country has been cut off, giving rise to a serious setback for the manufacture of porcelain tile, as this raw material was a basic component for the formulation of this type of ceramic tile. This work proposes the use of a clay from the Afyon area in Turkey as an alternative, which is formed by a complex mixture of clay and non-clay minerals.In the first part of the study, a complete characterisation of the clay has been carried out, comparing it with a standard Ukrainian clay. In a second part, a composition in which Afyon clay is the main clay component has been formulated and characterised in comparison with a standard composition formulated with Ukrainian clays. Overall, the results show that, although some properties for Afyon clay differ from those for Ukrainian clays, the behaviour of the proposed composition in the different stages of the process, milling/deflocculation, pressing and firing, is similar to that of the standard composition, thus adapting it to the requirements of industrial practice. This provides a feasible alternative way of replacing Ukrainian ball clays. Resumen: El conflicto en Ucrania ha supuesto el corte de suministro de arcilla «ball clay» procedente de este país, causando un serio contratiempo para la fabricación de gres porcelánico, ya que esta materia prima era un componente básico para la formulación de este tipo de baldosa cerámica. Este trabajo propone como alternativa el uso de una arcilla procedente de la zona de Afyon en Turquía, la cual está formada por una mezcla compleja de minerales arcillosos y no arcillosos.En la primera parte del estudio, se ha llevado a cabo una caracterización completa de la arcilla, comparándola con una arcilla ucraniana estándar. En una segunda parte, se ha formulado una composición en la cual la arcilla de Afyon es el principal componente arcilloso y se ha caracterizado comparándola con una composición estándar formulada con arcillas ucranianas. En conjunto, los resultados muestran que, aunque algunas propiedades para la arcilla de Afyon difieren de las de las arcillas ucranianas, el comportamiento de la composición propuesta en las diferentes etapas del proceso, molienda/desfloculación, prensado y cocción, es similar al de la composición estándar, adaptándose así a los requisitos de la práctica industrial. Ello constituye una alternativa viable para sustituir las arcillas plásticas ucranianas.

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the impact of clinical and socio‐economic factors on glycaemic control and construct statistical models to predict optimal glycaemic control (OGC) after implementing intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) systems. Methods This retrospective study included 1072 type 1 diabetes patients (49.0% female) from three centres using isCGM systems. Clinical data and net income from the census tract were collected for each individual. OGC was defined as time in range > 70%, with time below 70 mg/dL

This study analyze the effect of a single functional neurology session on sports performance, pain perception, fatigue perception and thermographic muscular response in an international female weightlifting athlete with incapacity to tolerate weight. Functional neurology is a discipline leveraging neuroplasticity for non-invasive recovery and performance optimization. We found how a single session of functional neurology improved load tolerance, enabling her to lift weights at pre-injury levels after just a single session of functional neurology and reduced pain perception from 80 to 0 and fatigue perception from 90 to 20 on a 100-point scale while thermographic data showed up to a 15% decrease in body temperature indicating reduced inflammation and improved muscle recovery. Then, we found how a single functional neurology intervention produced an improve in sports performance, pain and fatigue perceptions, and peripheral vascular response in an inter-national female weightlifting athlete with an initial incapacity to tolerate weight. This supports the incorporation of functional neurology into sports rehabilitation, under-scoring its potential in optimizing athletes' health and performance.

In this article, we highlight the epitaxial growth of non-polar a-plane ZnO and aluminium-doped ZnO using the low-cost, non-vacuum and highly up-scalable intermittent spray pyrolysis technique. We successfully deposited epitaxial ZnO and Al: ZnO thin films over r-sapphire using our optimized homemade Spray Pyrolysis setup. The epitaxial relationships are those usually found in the samples grown by the conventional well established epitaxial growth methods, that is, with a ZnO(112¯0)∥Al2O3(011¯2) out-of-plane direction. We investigated the effect of growth temperature on the growth of ZnO over r-sapphire substrate in the temperature range 300 °C to 600 °C and found that under the growth conditions that were used, there was an optimum growth temperature range of 450 °C-500 °C in which we could grow very compact uniform epitaxial ZnO thin films. At both, lower and higher growth temperatures, due to the instability induced in growth conditions (Ehrlich-Schwoebel effect and stress-induced instability, respectively), there was surface roughening. The effect of aluminium doping on ZnO was also investigated for the optimum growth temperatures 450 °C and 500 °C using morphological, structural and electrical (Hall measurements) characterisation. The Al:ZnO sample with a nominal aluminium concentration of 1 % without any post-deposition treatments had a carrier concentration of 5.03 × 1019 cm-3 and mobility of 10 cm2/V·s.

Summary: Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its more severe form steatohepatitis (MASH) contribute to rising morbidity and mortality rates. The storage of fat in humans is closely associated with these diseases’ progression. Thus, adipose tissue metabolic homeostasis could be key in both the onset and progression of MASH. Methods: We conducted a case-control observational research using a systems biology-based approach to analyse liver, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), omental visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and blood of n = 100 patients undergoing bariatric surgery (NCT05554224). MASH was diagnosed through histologic assessment. Whole-slide image analysis, lipidomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics were performed on tissue samples. Lipidomics and proteomics profiles were determined on plasma samples. Findings: Liver transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics revealed interconnected pathways associated with inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lipotoxicity in MASH. Paired adipose tissue biopsies had larger adipocyte areas in both fat depots in MASH. Enrichment analyses of proteomics and lipidomics data confirmed the association of liver lesions with mitochondrial dysfunction in VAT. Plasma lipidomics identified candidates with high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.919, 95% CI 0.840–0.979) for screening MASH. Interpretation: Mitochondrial dysfunction is also present in VAT in patients with obesity-associated MASH. This may cause a disruption in the metabolic equilibrium of lipid processing and storage, which impacts the liver and accelerates detrimental adaptative responses. Funding: The project leading to these results has received funding from ‘la Caixa' Foundation (HR21-00430), and from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI21/00510) and co-funded by the European Union.

IntroductionCardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of mortality worldwide. This category includes cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Secondary prevention is effective for patients with a history of cardiovascular events, with antihypertensives, statins, and acetylsalicylic acid being the most prescribed drugs. Therapeutic adherence is crucial, as the lack of it increases morbidity, mortality, reduces quality of life, and raises healthcare costs. However, less than half of patients adhere to all three drugs within the first year post-event. Furthermore, non-adherence is more pronounced in primary care.ObjectiveBased on our hypothesis that in patients undergoing cardiovascular secondary prevention, an intervention grounded in the application of the Chronic Care Model improves adherence to the three preventive drugs, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a health education intervention, which implements this model, to increase adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease.MethodsAn open-label randomized controlled trial will be conducted, selecting patients who meet inclusion criteria through consecutive non-probability sampling. Random assignment will be performed using the random number table method. Based on a therapeutic adherence rate of 50% in the control group and 80% in the intervention group, with a type I error of 5% (95% confidence interval), a type II error of 20% (80% power), and accounting for a 15% loss to follow-up, the final sample size will be of 45 patients per group. Follow-up will last for 1 year. Following data collection, univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses will be performed to isolate confounding factors and assess the intervention’s impact on adherence.DiscussionIf the results obtained in this study are favorable and the intervention is successful in enhancing therapeutic adherence, its applicability would be substantial, representing a feasible intervention for implementation in primary care. This approach addresses a significant public health issue, namely the lack of therapeutic adherence and its associated consequences. Moreover, this is particularly pertinent for high-risk patients, such as those in secondary prevention, given that cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. This trial has been registered at clinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06510946.

Loneliness is an increasingly significant social and public health issue in contemporary societies. The available evidence suggests that social support is one of the key psychosocial processes for the reduction and prevention of loneliness. This study investigated the role played by sources of social support in the experience of social and emotional loneliness, identifying seven sources of support split between family (spouse/partner, children, grandchildren, siblings) and non-family (friends, neighbours). The study population comprised people aged 65 years and over living in Spain, with a partner (without cohabiting children), alone or in a nursing home. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining data from a survey involving 887 participants (quantitative phase) and data from semi-structured interviews with 30 older adults (qualitative phase). The relationship between the various sources and loneliness was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) for the survey data and thematic analysis for the qualitative information. The results from both phases of the study suggest different association dynamics between sources of social support and the social and emotional dimensions of loneliness. Lower levels of emotional loneliness were related to support from the following sources: spouse, children, grandchildren, siblings and friends. Lower levels of social loneliness were related to support from the following sources: spouse, grandchildren, siblings and friends. In contrast, greater levels of emotional loneliness were related to support from neighbours and greater levels of social loneliness were related to support from children. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the association between social support and loneliness and suggest that interventions aimed at reducing loneliness could be more effectively targeted by considering the specific effects of support derived from different sources.

Las microalgas cultivadas en fotobiorreactores (FBR) se utilizan para producir biocombustibles renovables (biodiésel, bioetanol, biogás y biohidrógeno) por su capacidad de poder producir 20-50% lípidos del peso seco de la biomasa, además para producir bienes y diseño de servicios. El modelado del FBR mediante el modelo Droop, o Droop Model, se ha utilizado para describir la dinámica y la limitación de sustratos en este bioproceso. Así, muchos procesos de producción de microalgas en FBR están normalmente controlados mediante controladores clásicos todo/nada sin considerar el modelo sistema. Debido a la importancia de mantener el/los sustrato(s) dentro de valores determinados para maximizar la productividad, en este estudio, abordamos el problema de regulación de la concentración de sustrato en el FBR mediante la implementación numérica de un nuevo controlador no lineal en la dinámica de un FTB basado el modelo Droop. La respuesta de la dinámica no lineal del sistema a lazo abierto ante diferentes tasas de dilución (D=0.5,1.0,1.5 ,2.0 1/d) fue estable y controlable y la influencia del parámetro cinético K_q en las concentraciones biomasa, quota y sustrato en el FBR fueron más sensible a diferencia de los parámetros cinéticos ρ_m, K_m, μ_m en el modelo de Droop. El controlador propuesto se compara con un controlador clásico Proporcional-Integral PI. Los resultados del desempeño de los controladores fueron evaluados numéricamente mediante el índice de desempeño ITSE frente a diferentes perturbaciones. Como resultado, se encuentra que el controlador propuesto presento un mejor desempeño para diferentes cambios de los valores de referencia de la concentración de sustrato.

IntroductionFunctional dependence on the performance of basic activities of daily living (ADLs) is associated with increased mortality. In this study, the Barthel index and its activities discriminate long-term mortality risk, and whether changes in this index are necessary to adapt it to detect mortality risk is examined.MethodsLongitudinal study, carried out at the Orcasitas Health Center, Madrid (Spain), on the functional dependent population (Barthel ≤ 60). It included 127 people, with a mean age of 86 years (78.7% women and 21.3% men). Functional capacity was assessed using the Barthel index, and this index and each item it contains were analyzed as a test in relation to survival at three years, using tools that evaluate precision, discrimination, and calibration. The date of death was obtained from the health system.ResultsGreater dependency to perform chair-to-bed transfers was associated with an increased mortality risk (HR 2.957; CI 1.678–5.211). Also, individuals with severe (HR 0.492; CI 0.290–0.865) and moderate (HR 0.574; CI 0.355–0.927) ADL dependence had a reduced mortality risk when more independent in chair-to-bed transfers. Among people with moderate ADL dependence, this percentage was 48%. Using dependence-independence for chair-to-bed transfer as a screening test for mortality, the test showed high sensitivity (0.91) and specificity (0.83), a positive likelihood ratio of 5.45, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.11. The area under the ROC curve was 0.814 (CI 0.658–0.970; p = 0.001), with a χ2 = 0.235; p = 0.889, according to the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. The concordance C index was 0.814. According to Nagelkerke’s R2, the model explained 53.1% of the variance in survival. As a screening test, “chair-to-bed transfer” was superior to the Barthel index.ConclusionADL dependence for chair-to-bed transfers is an independent risk factor for mortality for any level of dependency. Therefore, a new classification of the Barthel index is proposed, in which “being dependent or requiring great assistance to perform chair-to-bed transfers” is considered severe dependence, even when the total score obtained via the Barthel Index is ≥40. We propose its use as a screening test in parallel to the Barthel index. The study suggests that the Barthel Index may have limitations in adequately discriminating mortality risk.

This study contributes to the improvement of the knowledge about quality of life (QoL) in cities, deepening not only in its antecedents, but also in its outcomes, under the theoretical approach of the resource-based view. On the one hand, we hypothesize that QoL in a city can be driven by governance resources such as transparency and reputation; on the other hand, we propose that QoL can be seen as a strategic resource leading to a higher city competitiveness, which in turn can act as an inducer of a higher smart city index. The latter relationship could be explained as a positive resource spiral in cities, relying on resource conservation theory. Our study also provides favorable evidence for these theoretical relationships set out in a structural equation model with a sample of Spanish Smart cities.

Access to clean drinking water remains a challenge in many developing countries, emphasizing the critical need for affordable, scalable and sustainable water treatment technologies. This study employs an electrochemical flow cell incorporating a 3D-printed biomimetic flow field for efficient in situ electrochlorination, avoiding water recirculation or external chloride dosing. The impact of varied ionic compositions of groundwater on electrochlorination efficiency is examined using synthetic groundwater samples, reflecting diverse hydrogeological conditions within a region in a developing country. Employing a Multilevel Factorial Design (MFD), the study highlights the significant influence of water ionic composition, flow rate, and applied current on free chlorine production. The results affirm the capability of the reactor to generate free chlorine species in a range of 0.32–6.13 mg·L−1. The specific energy consumptions oscillate between 0.49 and 19.67 Wh·mg−1 for chloride concentration in the samples ranging from 24 to 146 mg·L−1. This confirms the potential of the suggested electrochemical cell design for broad use in the studied region, and possibly in similar settings worldwide.

Abstract Background The management in primary care (PC) of the patients with Heart Failure (HF) is different from the management hospital, in a special way compared to cardiology departments. Objective To define the characteristics in both phenotypes of HF in prevalent and incident cases of HF in patients recruited in a large PC sample. Methods We proposed a and longitudinal analyses, in patients of the IBERICAN cohort, that recruited 8,066 patients in the Spanish primary care system, with 15,488 patients-years of follow-up. Of them, 252 patients (3.1%) had diagnoses of HF. HF was classified according to the 2014 guidelines in two groups: HF with a reduced eject fraction or HFrEF (LVEF

Antifonte de Ramnunte es un orador de talla excepcional cuya contribución al estudio de la (ir)religiosidad en Atenas, una faceta de importancia primordial en el siglo V a.C., resulta fundamental. Mediante el presente artículo, que afecta a la Tetralogía Segunda (pieza maestra donde Antifonte despliega admirablemente su pericia retórico-judicial), comentamos y estudiamos ciertas innovaciones léxico-semánticas de nuestro rétor que inciden en la originalidad de Antifonte sobre el manejo de aspectos relevantes para la comprensión del fenómeno (ir)religioso en el siglo V a.C.

This paper introduces an innovative approach to predicting bus ridership andanalysing transportation scenarios through a fusion of machine learning (ML) techniques and multi-agent simulations. Utilising a comprehensive dataset from an urban bus system, we employ ML models to accurately forecast passenger flows, factoring in diverse variables such as weather conditions. The novelty of our method lies in the application of these predictions to generate detailed simulation scenarios, which are meticulously executed to evaluate the efficacy of public transportation services. Our research uniquely demonstrates the synergy between ML predictions and agent-based simulations, offering a robust tool for optimising urban mobility. The results reveal critical insights into resource allocation, service efficiency, and potential improvements in public transport systems. This study significantly advances the field by providing a practical framework for transportation providers to optimise services and address long-term challenges in urban mobility

A lo largo del siglo XX, Venezuela se consolidó como una nación exportadora de petróleo, un rasgo crucial no solo en términos económicos, sino también políticos y culturales. Los discursos asociados a su condición de “nación petrolera” vincularon los proyectos futuros a la apropiación y distribución de la renta petrolera, sintetizados en la expresión “sembrar el petróleo”. Durante las últimas décadas, diversos proyectos políticos han dado contenido a esta consigna, apuntando a transformar la riqueza petrolera en una fuente permanente, autosostenible y que beneficie a todos los venezolanos. En este artículo, discutimos la fuerza de esta metáfora, dialogando especialmente con la obra de Fernando Coronil. Reflexionamos sobre cómo se naturalizan los efectos del petróleo, a pesar de que su distribución está relacionada con la capacidad de compra en el mercado externo derivada de su exportación. Analizamos, en contraste, la perspectiva de Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo, quien en las décadas de 1960 y 1970 criticó la dependencia petrolera utilizando la metáfora del "excremento del diablo". Para él, la abundancia de divisas asociadas al petróleo conducía al despilfarro. Pérez Alfonzo proponía limitar la explotación petrolera para evitar los efectos negativos de la abundancia de divisas y promover un desarrollo económico sostenible. El texto asocia esta perspectiva crítica con los debates contemporáneos sobre el extractivismo en América Latina. Destacamos cómo autores como Eduardo Gudynas critican el modelo extractivista, señalando que la dependencia de la exportación de recursos naturales debilita los vínculos productivos internos y causa impactos sociales y ambientales adversos. Finalmente, reflexionamos sobre las promesas del nacionalismo petrolero y la crítica actual al extractivismo como claves para comprender la historia reciente de Venezuela y otros países de la región.

Tungsten is a key material for applications of spallation targets and fusion reactors. Irradiation-induced transmutation products can significantly affect the mechanical and thermal properties of tungsten. However, detailed quantitative analysis of transmutation elements of irradiated tungsten has not been reported and is therefore in high demand, especially in the cases of spallation targets where a large amounts of transmutation elements are produced. In this work, we analyzed the transmutation products in pure tungsten samples irradiated in a target of Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ) at doses of 6.4 and 28 dpa, the latter being the highest dose ever achieved in spallation targets. Quantitative measurements of 40 nuclides ranging from 144Sm to 188Os were performed using the atom probe tomography (APT) technique. The measured concentrations of transmutation elements are in good agreement with those of neutronic calculations. The APT analysis also revealed clusters of transmutation elements. Due to low irradiation temperature (

Background: Neuroblastomas account for 8–10 % of all cancer diagnoses among children. Most patients present with advanced, high-risk disease and 90 % are less than five years old. The burden of morbidity and mortality is high and is quantifiable by measures of health-related quality of life (HRQL). Measuring quality of life in under five-year-old children is a particular challenge that has been met with the development of the Health Utilities Pre-School (HuPS) instrument. Quality of life studies in children with cancer are scarce in low- and middle-income countries and are usually conducted at a single center, thus limiting any conclusions drawn. This pilot study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life of children at the time of diagnosis of high-risk neuroblastomas. Method: This prospective cross-sectional multicentric study assessed the quality of life of children with high-risk neuroblastoma. The Health Utilities Pre-School instrument was applied to under five-year-olds, and the related Health Utilities Index Mark 3 instrument to over five-year olds. Main Results: Eleven patients participated in this study. There was a high burden of morbidity at diagnosis, often equating to severe disability, indicative of states of health with scores worse than being dead in two under five-year-old children. Conclusion: The results of the current study will help to set research priorities for subsequent investigations and provide a basis to improve supportive care for children with high-risk neuroblastoma.

Purpose: This research assesses the compost barn system's effectiveness in dairy cattle production, aiming to merge high productivity and quality with animal well-being and environmental sustainability. It examines the loss of mass and basal soil respiration rates in bedding materials like sawdust and wood shavings, focusing on the impacts of various storage heights, moisture levels, and temperatures. Method: The study was conducted via two experiments. The first measured mass loss in standard bovine waste and compost barn materials across three storage heights (2 cm, 4 cm, 8 cm), two moisture conditions (wet and dry), and two temperatures (20 °C, 30 °C). The second experiment investigated mass loss rates and basal soil respiration in entisol and oxisol soils under different moisture and temperature conditions. Results: Findings indicate the compost barn treatment reduces bovine manure decomposition rates compared to traditional methods, with taller stacks showing lesser decomposition. Dry conditions increased decomposition rates, contrary to microbial respiration trends. Temperature significantly affected decomposition, with varying effects between experiments. Higher temperatures boosted microbial respiration. Entisol treatments had lower decomposition but higher microbial respiration than oxisol treatments. Conclusion: The compost barn system is a sustainable, viable option for dairy cattle producers, promoting animal well-being and environmental integrity. By effectively managing these factors, producers can enhance agricultural productivity and support eco-friendly practices. Research Highlights • The Compost Barn system is a sustainable and viable alternative for dairy cattle producers, enhancing animal well-being and promoting environmental sustainability. • Higher stacking height is associated with reduced manure decomposition, indicating that management practices related to stacking height can significantly influence decomposition efficiency. • Dry manure decomposed faster than wet manure, although microbial respiration showed an opposite pattern, highlighting the complexity of decomposition processes. • Effective and sustainable management is essential to optimize decomposition and ensure the efficient use of Compost Barn material in agricultural production, emphasizing the importance of strategic management to maximize environmental benefits. • The hypothesis was partially confirmed, with the Compost Barn treatment consistently showing lower manure decomposition rates compared to the conventional treatment, underscoring the potential of the Compost Barn system for sustainable agricultural practices.

La gestión escolar desde su visión integral es un motor para la transformación educativa que debe impulsar el desarrollo de todos los elementos que intervienen en el proceso educativo. El objetivo de este artículo fue fortalecer la gestión escolar centrada en la persona para el desarrollo de una cultura de aprendizaje organizacional para el éxito de los actores educativos. La investigación utilizada fue de tipo teórica. Los hallazgos derivados del análisis documental refieren que la gestión escolar para la calidad de la educación centrada en la persona se caracteriza por el desarrollo de varias dimensiones como: descentralización del aprendizaje; aprendizaje experiencial y basado en proyectos; utilización de tecnología emergente; evaluación holística y formativa; desarrollo de habilidades socioemocionales y una cultura de innovación y experimentación. Las reflexiones finales señalan que la gestión escolar centrada en la persona busca transformar la educación hacia una experiencia adaptativa y significativa, priorizando el liderazgo, la planificación flexible y la participación, promoviendo una cultura colaborativa e innovadora.

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) with its chronic inflammatory component. In the treatment of MS, corticosteroids are usually implemented to reduce the disease's inflammation rate. In this case study, we present a patient with MS that initially received corticosteroids, which heightened his vulnerability to infections, particularly respiratory ones. Consequently, the treatment was changed to the administration of dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) “Oral Transferon”. To this day, the rate of inflammation has been reduced, slowing the evolution of MS, decreasing the clinical manifestations of the disease, and improving the patient's quality of life. This may be attributed to the immunomodulatory effects of the Transferon. More studies are needed in MS patients implementing a treatment based solely on Transferon to establish its effectiveness as an immunomodulator (specifically for this autoimmune disease).

A inclusão da experimentação nas aulas de Química representa uma ferramenta pedagógica para aprimorar a compreensão dos conceitos, capacitando os estudantes a estabelecer conexões entre conteúdos e práticas científicas. Por meio da experimentação, é possível enriquecer a experiência de aprendizado ao estimular o desenvolvimento do pensamento químico e das habilidades cognitivas dos estudantes. Neste estudo, analisamos os diferentes níveis de habilidades cognitivas demonstradas por estudantes de um curso de Química ao responderem questões disponibilizadas durante uma atividade experimental. Também investigamos se esses níveis estão relacionados às variáveis de progresso do pensamento químico. Os dados foram coletados em uma disciplina ministrada para o último ano de um curso de graduação em Química-Licenciatura de uma universidade da região Sul do Brasil. A análise dos dados foi conduzida segundo os princípios da análise de conteúdo. A coleta de dados incluiu diversos documentos, como as questões pré e pós-experimento presentes no roteiro da aula, além das respostas escritas dos licenciandos a essas questões. As questões e as respostas dos estudantes foram categorizadas em diferentes níveis de habilidades cognitivas. Além disso, as respostas dos estudantes foram categorizadas segundo as variáveis de progresso do pensamento químico. Verificamos que a atividade permitiu que os estudantes transitassem por diferentes variáveis e manifestassem níveis de habilidades cognitivas de alta ordem. Identificamos conexões entre os níveis de habilidades cognitivas nas respostas dos estudantes e os níveis das questões. Por fim, propomos um modelo que integra diferentes níveis do conhecimento químico, distintas habilidades cognitivas e as variáveis de progresso do pensamento químico, permitindo que o ensino e a aprendizagem em Química transcendam a mera assimilação de informações, abrangendo uma compreensão aprofundada da natureza da química.

Enseñar deliberadamente destrezas creativases difícil porque se convierten en analíticas o reproductivas para el alumnado en la siguiente tarea. El presente trabajo exploratorio tuvo como objeto proponer al profesorado un método para utilizar los problemas creativos de tipo insight en la instrucción. La propuesta se basa en métodos analíticos para facilitar al alumnado la generación de inferencias necesarias para la solución de este tipo de problemas, y también a relacionar las ideas, inferenciales y del enunciado, mediante el razonamiento lógico. Varios expertos generaron y consensuaron inferencias necesarias durante la resolución de algunos problemas insight. Luego, estas inferencias y las ideas del enunciado se relacionaron entre sí usando reglas lógicas. También se diseñaron rúbricas cuyos niveles se basan en la capacidad del alumnado para realizar, o no, ciertos procesos mentales determinados mediante las resoluciones analíticas. Estas rúbricas fueron validadas tentativamente con una muestra de 127 estudiantes de secundaria en 8º y 11º grados. Su uso permitió valorar sus avances y obstáculos específicos en aspectos como la descomposición de unidades o la relajación de restricciones, típicas de estos problemas insight, así como comparar entre cursos.

This research involves the development of a thermoplastic polymer biocomposite in a matrix of recycled expanded polystyrene reinforced with banana pseudostem fiber and crushed peanut shells. Six models were produced with different doses, of which the one that obtained the best result was the last one, with a content of 63% EPS, 25% banana fiber (40 mm), and 12% crushed peanut shells (1 to 3 mm). In the bending test, it achieved an MOR of 12 N/mm2 and an MOE of 55 N/mm2; the compressive strength was 8.60 N/mm2; moisture absorption was 10%; and in the thermal conductivity test, it had a value of 0.095 W/m‧k, which means it has an adequate insulating capacity. The values obtained comply with the Ecuadorian standard INEN 3110 for particleboards. This work shows the capacity of the materials used to produce different light, resistant, insulating components that can be used in buildings.

O presente texto relata um trabalho realizado por nós, integrantes do projeto de pesquisa Teatro e Prisão: práticas de infiltrações das Artes Cênicas em espaços de vigilância, coordenado por Vicente Concilio. Desde 2017 a proposta articula ensino, pesquisa e extensão proporcionando ações da universidade em espaços de privação e restrição de liberdade. A partir de atividades artístico pedagógicas, realizamos uma pesquisa participante, registrando essas práticas em desenhos, dramaturgias, escritas criativas e artigos. As principais ações do projeto acontecem no Presídio Feminino de Florianópolis, no Centro de Internação Feminino (CIF) e no Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico de Florianópolis (HCTP). É nesse contexto que buscamos desenvolver metodologias de ensino do teatro; cada instituição com suas necessidades específicas. Refletimos sobre seus pontos de contato e suas divergências, enfatizando nosso desejo de construir uma pesquisa em rede, materializando o trabalho realizado pelo grupo. As práticas teatrais que desenvolvemos dentro dos espaços de privação de liberdade visam promover acesso à educação e à cultura, na tentativa de construir um espaço outro, em forma de práticas coletivas. Pensamos em como essas práticas, quando infiltradas nas instituições totais, podem suscitar um pensamento coletivo não conformista com a situação da vida encarcerada, favorecendo certa emancipação destes indivíduos e manifestando nosso vínculo a uma perspectiva abolicionista penal: é possível pensar por meio das artes o fim das prisões?

Neste Dossiê, acolhemos textos originais e inéditos nacionais que abordem pesquisas e/ou iniciativas resultantes de ações, eventos, projetos e/ou programas de extensão que tenham contribuído para estreitar os laços entre os campos da cultura e/ou das artes cênicas com grupos comunitários de distintos contextos. O intuito é o de perceber caminhos epistemológicos, procedimentais e artístico-pedagógicos que fortalecem horizontalmente as relações entre universidade e sociedade.

Based on the case of Vox, the main far right party in Spain, this article problematizes the relationship between the notions of militarism and political polarization with the aim of adapting the latter to the Spanish context. Both concepts, militarism and polarization, are ambiguous and rarely used together, even sharing similar principles and premises such as radical political dichotomization, the irreconcilable nature of disagreements or the centrality of conflict. This particular approach to polarization arises from the evidence of the strong influence of military institutions and their logics in the construction of the political field and power in Spain. For this reason, this research argues that it is possible, in the precise context of the rise of the far right in Spain and based on a study of symbols, imaginative worlds, speeches and political programs of Vox, to analyze how militarism constitutes an asset and a part of political polarization.

INTRODUCCIÓN. La Educación Infantil es una etapa educativa en la que se atiende al alumnado durante los primeros años de su vida y que debe encargarse de contribuir a su desarrollo integral, entendiendo como una parte de este desarrollo la vertiente artística. MÉTODO. Esta es una investigación de corte cualitativo en la que el grupo docente se muestra como un colectivo investigador-observador sobre una propuesta metodológica de talleres llevados a cabo entre dos clases paralelas de 3 años de una escuela pública de Manises (Valencia). El objetivo es valorar los beneficios que presenta el arte para el desarrollo del alumnado. RESULTADOS. Los resultados se presentan como muestra visual de todos los talleres artísticos de este estudio realizados entre los meses de octubre y mayo durante el curso escolar 2023-2024. De hecho, la a/r/tografía queda relacionada con esta manera de presentar los resultados. DISCUSIÓN. El estudio visibiliza la importancia que tiene el arte en el desarrollo integral del alumnado y la globalidad que permite el área para abordar una pluralidad de saberes, procesos educativos, vivencias, etc., que resultan enriquecedoras para el grupo de menores.

Dengue virus has four distinct serotypes and the genetic diversity within each of the four serotypes contribute to its complexity. An important aspect of dengue molecular evolutionary studies has been the dissection of the extent and structure of genetic variation among major genotypes within each serotype. It is important to understand the role of dengue genetic variability and its potential role and impact in the effectiveness of the dengue vaccine. Demographic data and blood were collected from patients seen at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines and clinically diagnosed with dengue from 2014-2019. Dengue virus (DENV) RT-PCR was used to confirm infection and positive samples underwent whole genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on 127 samples (25 DENV-1, 19 DENV-2, 70 DENV-3, and 13 DENV-4). We observed a serotype shift in 2014 and 2022. We detected the following genotypes per serotype for the wild-type (WT) DENV sequences: genotype IV (DENV-1), cosmopolitan (DENV-2), genotype I (DENV-3) and genotype IIa (DENV-4). WT DENV belonged to different genotypes versus the QDENGA strains and except for DENV-4, belonged to different genotypes versus the Dengvaxia strains. Comparing Dengvaxia vaccine sequences with WT DENV, we observed 23, 24, 34, and 9 positions with amino acid changes in the entire envelope protein, with 1, 5, 1, and 2 positions with amino acid changes identified among the important human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeted epitope positions. We detected 24, 25, 36 and 12 positions with amino acid changes in the E protein with 0, 5, 1, and 2 positions with amino acid changes among the important mAbs targeted epitope positions for DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4, respectively when comparing QDENGA vaccine sequences with the WT DENV. We showed low genotype complexity, genetically distinct clades and local evolution for DENV circulating in the Philippines.

As 2023 became a disruptive year, due to the accelerated appearance of AI tools such as ChatGPT, the educational systems started to change and adapt to the new approaches observed in students, teachers, and employers. Although AI is likely to be integrated into different industrial and academic processes, its indiscriminate use could hinder the development of soft skills, including oral and written communication. Hence, it is important to identify any AI-generated assignments to secure a successful learning process. For those reasons, in this work, the effectivity of three plagiarism checkers, namely Turnitin, Unicheck and GPTZero, was evaluated on an engineering-based written text generated in ChatGPT in the Spanish language. A comparison with the plagiarism rate obtained for an original piece was conducted with One-way ANOVA. In all the cases, based on the low plagiarism rates (Unicheck: 14.44%, Turnitin: 12.43%), no plagiarism was detected in the AI-generated texts. Likewise, the GPTZero platform detected low AI-Origin in the texts created in ChatGPT (1.04%). Both results denoted the low efficiency of these platforms for assignments in Spanish and the high risk of conducting plagiarism without implications. Additionally, different alternatives were proposed for either integrating ChatGPT in learning activities or replacing the use of AI to ensure the development of skills and competencies in the students.

En el presente artículo, con motivo de la celebración del «Año de Investigación Ramón y Cajal (2022-2025), se exponen y analizan las obras sobre la vida del Nobel dirigidas al público infantil o juvenil que se han editado en España durante este primer cuarto de siglo. El propósito del trabajo es doble: por un lado, compilar el corpus actual de las obras que tratan este tema y, por otro, poner el foco en el valor de dar a conocer la biografía cajaliana, como un medio singularmente idóneo para impulsar y fortalecer entre los jóvenes valores, actitudes y comportamientos como el amor al trabajo o la perseverancia para lograr aquello que se persigue. Cajal constituye un modelo excepcional para promover las cualidades referidas, entre otras, porque consiguió alcanzar la cumbre, a pesar de vivir en un entorno social poco propicio para hazañas científicas, gracias a su incansable labor y su obstinado esfuerzo.

This paper introduces a foundational approach toward defining a Function-Oriented Assessment Methodology (FOAM) for evaluating the functional condition of buildings during the operation and maintenance phase. Although various national classification systems exist, a unified international system for organizing construction elements has not been widely adopted. To bridge this gap, the paper proposes adopting an international standard-based classification system for identifying objects within a function-oriented structure. Traditional inspections often focus on damage, overlooking the functional condition of construction elements. This research addresses these limitations with a comprehensive methodological approach tailored to assess functional condition. It employs a multiple-choice questionnaire adapted from international rating scales to ensure consistency and minimize subjectivity among inspectors. A case study validates the effectiveness of this strategic framework, demonstrating high consistency and accuracy in evaluating functional conditions. Overall, this research lays the groundwork for FOAM, offering a clear path for its broader application in the built environment.

Background: Molecular tests have contributed to reducing the mortality rate through early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). This is due to their low processing complexity and diagnostic accuracy superior to conventional methods. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of Cobas MTB and Logix Smart MTB compared to Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Design: A cross-sectional study of diagnostic tests was carried out in a clinical laboratory in Lima, Peru. Methods: All pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples from patients with presumptive TB who had been subjected to smear microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, Cobas MTB, Logix Smart MTB, and mycobacteria culture were included to determine their diagnostic performance. Results: A total of 175 samples were included, 102 (58.3%) of pulmonary origin and 73 (41.7%) of extrapulmonary origin. Among the total samples, 19 (10.9%) had positive cultures (all were pulmonary samples), 48 (27.4%) had positive Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra results, 45 (25.7%) had positive Cobas MTB results, and 36 (20.6%) had positive Logix Smart MTB results. The agreement between Cobas MTB and Logix Smart with the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra was 97.1% and 93.8%, respectively. Compared to Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, the area under the curve/receiver operating characteristic and sensitivity of the Cobas MTB and Logix Smart methods were 0.95 and 91.7%, and 0.90 and 81.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Cobas MTB and Logix Smart presented adequate performance for diagnosing pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis comparable to the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra.

Reseña del libro Ratzinger y los filósofos. De Platón a Vattimo, de Alejandro Sada, Tracey Rowland y Rudy Albino de Assunçao.

Este trabajo proporciona una visión generalizada del estado actual de los algoritmos genéticos cuánticos (QGAs), mostrando los avances realizados en esta área de investigación los últimos 24 años. Los QGAs combinan conceptos de la computación cuántica y los algoritmos genéticos clásicos (CGAs), lo que les permite abordar problemas complejos de optimización y búsqueda de manera eficiente. Se presentan los principales hallazgos y contribuciones de estos algoritmos cuánticos destacando las tendencias y los enfoques más prometedores, así como los desafíos y limitaciones que deben superarse. Se presentan nuevos enfoques y técnicas de implementación de QGAs, incluyendo operadores genéticos cuánticos y esquemas de codificación eficientes que contribuyen a mejorar el rendimiento y la convergencia de los algoritmos. Se comparan los QGAs y otros enfoques similares, como los CGAs y los algoritmos cuánticos puros, destacando las ventajas y desventajas relativas de los QGAs en comparación a sus versiones clásicas. Se muestra también una implementación de QGA utilizando la biblioteca Qiskit. Se presentan la selección de los métodos usados para la generación de la población inicial, el cruzamiento y la mutación de las distintas poblaciones de los circuitos cuánticos simulados en los experimentos realizados, ejemplificando las ventajas significativas que estos pueden traer en comparación con los enfoques clásicos.

La histerectomía es la cirugía electiva más común, generalmente realizada por patologías benignas, y se prefiere el abordaje mínimamente invasivo. El manipulador uterino es crucial para garantizar el éxito, ya que facilita la disección y reduce complicaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y crear un prototipo de manipulador uterino que cumpla con las expectativas del ginecólogo e incorpore un sistema de iluminación para mejorar la disección y la colpotomía. El manipulador uterino fue diseñado con una varilla de acero inoxidable recubierta y copas intercambiables según las necesidades. En la parte distal, se incluyó una copa inversa para evitar la pérdida del neumoperitoneo y prevenir perforaciones al elevar el útero. Utilizamos impresiones 3D para desarrollar las piezas y lo probamos en una histerectomía laparoscópica, comparándolo con otros manipuladores. El tiempo de inserción del manipulador fue de 2:25 minutos. La movilidad uterina fue adecuada, aunque limitada por el tamaño y peso del útero. La visualización de la copa no fue la esperada, y la ergonomía fue aceptable, aunque con mayor flexibilidad de la esperada. El sistema de iluminación no funcionó como se anticipaba y no se midió el tiempo de colpotomía. A pesar de los inconvenientes, este manipulador uterino es el primer prototipo nacional con un bajo costo y sistema de iluminación integrado. Con las correcciones necesarias, se espera que sea un dispositivo eficaz en la cirugía ginecológica mínimamente invasiva.

Abstract The primary objective of the present review was to report the safety profile of oral ketorolac in adults using the systematic review and meta‐analysis methodology based on clinical trials. The present study is a PRISMA‐based systematic review and risk ratio (RR) meta‐analysis of the adverse events reported in clinical trials that used oral ketorolac; the review includes 50 clinical trials. The RR for the comparison of a single intake of oral ketorolac versus placebo, including all types of adverse events, was RR = 2.59, IC95% (1.5102; 4.4360) with p = 0.02, the RR for the comparison of a multiple intakes of oral ketorolac versus placebo for all types of adverse events was RR = 1.39, IC95% (0.95; 2.05) with p = 0.093, the RR for the comparison of a single intake of oral ketorolac versus active drugs for all types of adverse events was RR = 0.61, IC95% (0.49; 0.77) with p

Los simuladores para la colocación de la aguja de Veress en cirugías laparoscópicas representan una herramienta crucial en la formación quirúrgica. Este dispositivo permite a los médicos practicar el acceso seguro a la cavidad abdominal, evitando complicaciones como lesiones vasculares o intestinales. Al recrear la resistencia de las capas abdominales, los simuladores ayudan a desarrollar precisión y control, reduciendo riesgos en pacientes reales.. Objetivo: Desarrollar un simulador para la inserción de aguja de Veress en cirugías laparoscópicas, en el Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, entre febrero y noviembre de 2024. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y comparativo que incluyó a 25 especialistas en Ginecología y Cirugía General. Se validó el simulador mediante la observación de las técnicas de los médicos y el análisis de encuestas. Resultados: El 84 % de los participantes requirió 3 intentos para una correcta colocación de la aguja; el 16 % necesitó 4 o más intentos, con un riesgo de lesión vascular del 20 % en estos casos. El 68 % manipuló el tejido con mínimo daño, y el 52 % mostró eficiencia en el uso de los instrumentos. En la percepción del simulador, el 72 % afirmó que se asemeja a la experiencia quirúrgica real, y el 96 % lo consideró útil para la enseñanza. Conclusión: El simulador demostró ser una herramienta eficaz para el entrenamiento quirúrgico, mejorando habilidades y reduciendo el riesgo de complicaciones. La percepción positiva de los participantes respalda su implementación en el entrenamiento clínico.

Abstract The increasing demand for precise neuromodulation necessitates advancements in techniques to achieve higher spatial resolution. Magnetic stimulation, offering low signal attenuation and minimal tissue damage, plays a significant role in neuromodulation. Conventional transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), though noninvasive, lacks the spatial resolution and neuron selectivity required for spatially precise neuromodulation. To address these limitations, the next generation of magnetic neurostimulation technologies aims to achieve submillimeter‐resolution and selective neuromodulation with high temporal resolution. Invasive and nanoinvasive magnetic neurostimulation are two next‐generation approaches: invasive methods use implantable microcoils, while nanoinvasive methods use magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution of magnetic neuromodulation. This review will introduce the working principles, technical details, coil designs, and potential future developments of these approaches from an engineering perspective. Furthermore, the review will discuss state‐of‐the‐art microfabrication in depth due to its irreplaceable role in realizing next‐generation magnetic neuromodulation. In addition to reviewing magnetic neuromodulation, this review will cover through‐silicon vias (TSV), surface micromachining, photolithography, direct writing, and other fabrication technologies, supported by case studies, providing a framework for the integration of magnetic neuromodulation and microelectronics technologies.

En el ámbito de la comunicación política, los partidos intentan apropiarse en el discurso público de los temas con los que se les asocia positivamente, aprovechando su supuesta competencia en la resolución de determinados problemas. El fenómeno de la desinformación puede erosionar los ejes en que se vertebran las soluciones a estas problemáticas e influir negativamente en la toma de decisiones políticas de la ciudadanía al distorsionar la realidad. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las desinformaciones provenientes de los actores políticos españoles, para comprobar en qué asuntos de la agenda política se centran y si existe un sesgo ideológico en la difusión de información falsa. Desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, se analizan todos los fact-checks realizados por Newtral y Maldita sobre declaraciones falsas o engañosas de políticos desde octubre de 2018 hasta marzo de 2023 (n = 1415). Los resultados revelan una mayor desinformación en los partidos mayoritarios, de la oposición y de derechas. Los picos más altos se observan durante periodos electorales, especialmente en elecciones generales. Los políticos desinforman negativamente sobre sus rivales cuando están en la oposición y positivamente sobre sí mismos cuando gobiernan. Cada bloque ideológico se centra en apuntalar los temas con los que la gente les identifica, difundiendo información falsa sobre la gestión de estos temas por parte de sus oponentes. Estos hallazgos apuntan a una consolidación del uso de la desinformación en la estrategia de comunicación política de todos los partidos.

Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited disorder whose causal variants involve sarcomeric protein genes. One of these is myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3), being previously associated with a favourable prognosis. Our objective is to describe the clinical characteristics and events of a molecularly homogeneous HCM cohort associated with truncating MYBPC3 variants.Methods and results A cohort of patients and relatives with HCM diagnosis and carrying a truncating MYBPC3 variant were retrospectively recruited. Subjects had an average follow-up of 7.77 years, with an incident HCM phenotype of 10%. They were middle-aged adult patients (47±16.8 years) without significant comorbidities or symptoms. Hypertrophy was discrete with a significative difference between probands and relatives (17.5±4 mm vs 14.6±5 mm; p