80 results on '"Toshikazu Yamanouchi"'
Search Results
52. [Insulin sensitizer drugs--review]
- Author
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Toshikazu, Yamanouchi
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Rosiglitazone ,Thiazoles ,Troglitazone ,Adipose Tissue ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Pioglitazone ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Insulin ,Thiazolidinediones ,Chromans ,Insulin Resistance - Published
- 2002
53. [Chemical structures and pharmacological characteristics of novel non-thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer (JTT-501, FK614)]
- Author
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Toshikazu, Yamanouchi
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Oxadiazoles ,Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ,Isoxazoles ,Lipid Metabolism ,Receptor, Insulin ,Thiazoles ,Drug Design ,Animals ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Thiazolidinediones ,Insulin Resistance ,Transcription Factors - Published
- 2002
54. 15-anhydroglucitol
- Author
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Toshikazu, Yamanouchi
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Hyperglycemia ,Humans ,Deoxyglucose ,Postprandial Period ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Biomarkers - Published
- 2002
55. Post-load glucose measurements in oral glucose tolerance tests correlate well with 1,5-anhydroglucitol, an indicator of overall glycaemic state, in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance
- Author
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Tae Inoue, Eri Ogata, Nori Sekino, Nobuyuki Ogata, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Tomoe Yoshimura, Akiko Kashiwabara, Kaoru Ichiyanagi, and Takahiro Kawasaki
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Deoxyglucose ,Impaired glucose tolerance ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oral administration ,Internal medicine ,Blood plasma ,Glucose Intolerance ,Medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Oral glucose tolerance ,Inverse correlation ,Aged ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Glucose tolerance test ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Glucose Measurement ,General Medicine ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,chemistry ,1,5-Anhydroglucitol ,Female ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Using both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods, we investigated the relationship between post-load serum glucose concentration in a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and overall glycaemic state in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Glycaemic state was assessed by measuring glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and the serum concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG). In the cross-sectional study, the concentration of 1,5-AG, while remaining within a normal range, was reduced to a degree proportional to the post-load glycaemic level. Although the correlation between HbA1c and post-load plasma glucose was relatively weak (r = 0.281, P < 0.001), a significant inverse correlation (r =-0.824, P < 0.0001) was found between 1,5-AG and mean post-load plasma glucose concentration in 211 subjects with IGT. Fasting plasma glucose (r =-0.539, P < 0.0001) and 2 h plasma glucose (r =-0.621, P < 0.0001) were correlated with 1,5-AG less strongly than was post-load glycaemia. Both 1,5-AG and HbA1c were correlated weakly but significantly with the fasting insulin concentration. In the longitudinal study we measured 1,5-AG and mean post-load plasma glucose with an OGTT once yearly for 10 years in 15 subjects with IGT. Strong inverse correlations were seen between 1,5-AG and mean post-load plasma glucose in each subject (range of r values among subjects of -0.584 to -0.978). These findings suggest a close relationship between post-load plasma glucose concentration measured by OGTT and overall glycaemic state in subjects with IGT.
- Published
- 2001
56. Acute glucosuria after continuous glucocorticoid loading in the rat in vivo
- Author
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Eri Koshibu, Hirono Funato, Nobuyuki Ogata, Takahiro Kawasaki, Tae Inoue, Tomoe Yoshimura, Nori Sekino, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, and Hideo Miyashita
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Deoxyglucose ,Dexamethasone ,Excretion ,Glycosuria ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,Rats, Wistar ,Infusions, Intravenous ,Glucocorticoids ,Progesterone ,Pharmacology ,Kidney ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Estradiol ,Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Renal glucose reabsorption ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Renal physiology ,Steroid diabetes ,Glucocorticoid ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We investigated the effects of the continuous infusion of various steroids in rats on renal tubular reabsorption of glucose in vivo to elucidate the pathogenesis of steroid-induced glucosuria. Urinary glucose excretion increased 60 min after administration of dexamethasone (2.38 mM). By 120 min, urinary excretion of glucose was three times higher in the dexamethasone group than in the control group (24.1 +/- 4.6 versus 72.4 +/- 16.7 micromol); the plasma level of glucose did not increase. Dexamethasone had no effect on the resorption of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, which is a glucose-resembling polyol that is actively absorbed by the renal tubules as glucose. Neither estradiol nor progesterone increased urinary excretion of glucose. These findings suggest that continuous administration of a high-dose glucocorticoid selectively influences the glucose reabsorption system in the kidney.
- Published
- 1998
57. Common reabsorption system of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, fructose, and mannose in rat renal tubule
- Author
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Takaomi Shinohara, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Ieo Akaoka, Hideo Miyashita, Yumi Tachibana, and Nobuyuki Ogata
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sucrose ,Monosaccharide Transport Proteins ,Biophysics ,Carbohydrates ,Mannose ,Fructose ,Deoxyglucose ,Biochemistry ,Absorption ,Excretion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Glycosuria ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Molecular Biology ,Kidney ,Reabsorption ,Renal Reabsorption ,Renal glucose reabsorption ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Kidney Tubules ,chemistry - Abstract
1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol (AG) is a major polyol, 99.9% of which is reabsorbed by the kidney. However, such reabsorption is inhibited by competition with glucose excreted in excess, i.e., glucosuria. Under such conditions, AG is excreted into the urine. We administered various types of sugars to rats by continuous intravenous infusion for two hours to evaluate the competition between AG and these sugars for renal reabsorption in vivo. The reabsorption of AG was significantly inhibited by competition with fructose and mannose. The excretion of AG in the 120 min after a load of 3.64 mmol of fructose was 1.99 +/- 0.33 mumol, that after 3.64 mmol of mannose loading was 2.34 +/- 0.43 mumol. These levels were comparable to the AG excretion observed after the administration of the same amount of glucose (3.87 +/- 0.61 mumol). No competition was observed with sucrose, xylose, myoinositol or galactose. The reabsorption of fructose and mannose was significantly inhibited by the presence of AG (P < 0.001) after a mixed load. Results suggest that AG is reabsorbed in the renal tubule by an AG/fructose/mannose-common transport system that is distinct from the major glucose reabsorption system. These findings may help to clarify the specific transport systems for various sugars in the renal tubule, as well as their physiological importance.
- Published
- 1996
58. Mitochondrial diabetes mellitus: prevalence and clinical characterization of diabetes due to mitochondrial tRNA(Leu(UUR)) gene mutation in Japanese patients
- Author
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Kouichi Inukai, Yoshio Yazaki, H. itaoka, Nakaaki Ohsawa, Motonobu Anai, Hisamitsu Ishihara, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Yoshitomo Oka, I. Asano, K. Isukuda, Hideki Katagiri, and Masatoshi Kikuchi
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Non-Mendelian inheritance ,Mitochondrial DNA ,RNA, Transfer, Leu ,Diabetes mellitus and deafness ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Disease ,Gene mutation ,Deafness ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Diabetes mellitus genetics ,Japan ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Leukocytes ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,Point Mutation ,Aged ,Base Sequence ,business.industry ,Point mutation ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Pedigree ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Phenotype ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Female ,business - Abstract
Mutations in the mitochondrial gene were recently identified in a large pedigree of diabetes mellitus and deafness. As the mitochondrial gene is maternally inherited, Japanese diabetic patients whose mothers were also diabetic were screened, using peripheral leucocytes, for an A to G transition at nucleotide pair 3243 of the mitochondrial gene, a tRNALeu(UUR) mutation. This mutation was identified in four pedigrees from among 300 unrelated patients who were screened. Diabetes co-segregated with the mutation, except in one young subject, and was maternally inherited. The apparent onset of disease occurred between 11 and 68 years of age. Some of the affected members developed hearing impairment and congestive heart failure due to cardiomyopathy, though generally long after the onset of diabetes, and these patients had therefore not been diagnosed as having a specific form of diabetes. The duration of sulphonyl-urea treatment was not more than 8 years in these pedigrees and affected members were prone to progression to insulin-requiring diabetes. Thus, these patients were secondary sulphonylurea failures. Long-term follow-up revealed that the underlying disorder in affected members is a progressive impairment of insulin secretion. Some were initially diagnosed as having IDDM based on an apparent acute onset in youth and the clinical severity of their diabetes. Others were regarded as having MODY with an aggressive course. The mitochondrial gene mutation or diabetes is not transmitted to all offspring of the affected mothers. In conclusion, a mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) gene mutation accounts for slightly more than 1 % of diabetic patients with maternally inherited disease and manifests a wide range of diabetic phenotypes, from the NIDDM phenotype to IDDM, in Japanese.
- Published
- 1994
59. Estimation of plasma glucose fluctuation with a combination test of hemoglobin A1c and 1,5-anhydroglucitol
- Author
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Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Hitoshi Moromizato, Susumu Minoda, Ieo Akaoka, Hideo Miyashita, and Takaomi Shinohara
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Urine ,Deoxyglucose ,Excretion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Glycosuria ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Blood plasma ,medicine ,Humans ,Glycemic ,Osmolar Concentration ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Hemoglobin A ,Carbohydrate ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,chemistry ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,1,5-Anhydroglucitol ,Female ,Hemoglobin - Abstract
We investigated the effect of plasma glucose fluctuation on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol (AG) levels, especially in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Plasma AG is a new marker that provides sensitive and analytical information on glycemic control. The basic mechanisms underlying both the reduction and recovery of the plasma AG level, ie, the excretion into urine with glucosuria and the amount supplied to the body, were presumed to be similar in IDDM and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. The correlation coefficient for mean plasma glucose and AG was -.591, and it was .578 for mean plasma glucose and HbA1c in IDDM patients. In NIDDM, the correlation between mean plasma glucose and AG was -.869, and between mean plasma glucose and HbA1c, .875. The plasma AG levels in the IDDM group showed a lower range than in the NIDDM group, even with similar HbA1c levels. All the cases showing lower plasma AG levels among those with similar HbA1c levels manifested greater fluctuation of plasma glucose and a larger amount of urinary glucose. The lower AG level in IDDM patients was reversible to the level in NIDDM patients when the greater fluctuation of plasma glucose was corrected. Thus, it was suggested that because urinary glucose excretion is intermittently high in IDDM patients, plasma AG is frequently low, even though the mean plasma glucose and HbA1c levels suggest good control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1992
60. Comparison of 1,5-anhydroglucitol, HbA1c, and fructosamine for detection of diabetes mellitus
- Author
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Shigeaki Baba, Yasuo Akanuma, Kinori Kosaka, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Tadashi Kawai, Takeshi Kuzuya, Syouji Kawazu, Meisei Ohta, Takayoshi Toyota, Yasunori Kanazawa, and Shigetake Yoshioka
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Deoxyglucose ,World health ,Impaired glucose tolerance ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Reference Values ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Medicine ,Humans ,Glycemic ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,business.industry ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Hexosamines ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,Control subjects ,medicine.disease ,Fructosamine ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes screening ,chemistry ,1,5-Anhydroglucitol ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
To evaluate the use of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (AG) levels in screening for diabetes mellitus, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of HbA 1c , fructosamine (FA), and AG in 1620 randomly selected subjects in 11 institutions throughout Japan. Most individuals were receiving diet and/or drug therapy for diabetes. Subjects were separated into four groups based on World Health Organization criteria: nondiabetic control subjects, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), patients with diabetes, and patients with other disorders without IGT. The overlap of AG values between each group was less than that of HbA 1c or FA values. AG levels were significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose ( r = −0.627), HbA 1c ( r = −0.629), and FA ( r = −0.590) levels. If we took 14 μg/ml as the normal lower limit, AG level was highly specific (93.1%), and a decreased AG level indicated diabetes mellitus (84.2% sensitivity). According to the selectivity index (sensitivity value times specificity value), AG determinations were superior to both HbA 1c and FA measurements for diabetes screening. When combinations of these tests were used, only AG and HbA 1c together were slightly better than AG alone. Thus, together with other advantages of AG, e.g., its wide variance with relatively fair glycemic control and the negligible influence of the sampling conditions, AG level has more potential than HbA 1c or FA level as a screening criterion for diabetes.
- Published
- 1991
61. Mechanism for acute reduction of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in rats treated with diabetogenic agents
- Author
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Yasuo Akanuma, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, I Akaoka, E. Miyashita, and Hiroshi Akanuma
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Physiology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Urinary system ,Urine ,Deoxyglucose ,Streptozocin ,Excretion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Isomerism ,Glycosuria ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Alloxan ,Deoxy Sugars ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Glucose Injection ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,Streptozotocin ,Rats ,Kinetics ,Endocrinology ,Glucose ,chemistry ,Organ Specificity ,1,5-Anhydroglucitol ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The mechanism for acute reduction of plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol (AG) in experimental diabetic rats was studied. Acute AG decrease was induced not only by diabetogenic agents, such as streptozotocin (STZ) and alloxan, but also by phloridzin, which caused glucosuria but not hyperglycemia. A similar reduction also occurred in hyperglycemia induced by glucose injection. The AG reduction induced by STZ was completely abolished by bilateral nephrectomy or by euglycemia with insulin treatment. The decrease of plasma AG was well correlated with the degree of urinary excretion of AG, which in turn reflected the degree of urinary glucose excretion, irrespective of the kind of agent causing the glucosuria. Under conditions of continuous glucose infusion, AG concentration decreased not only in plasma but also in various tissues and organs. The amount of AG lost was estimated to be almost equal to that excreted into urine during the period of infusion. These observations suggest that the degree of reduction of plasma AG depends simply on the urinary excretion of glucose, and it was assumed that the urinary excretion of 0.5 mg AG corresponds to the urinary excretion of 100 mg glucose during a short period after the onset of glucosuria.
- Published
- 1990
62. Glucokinase-defective NIDDM
- Author
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Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Yoshitomo Oka, Hideki Katagiri, Tomoichiro Asano, and Yoshio Yazaki
- Subjects
Genetics ,Glucokinase ,business.industry ,Mutation (genetic algorithm) ,Medicine ,General Medicine ,business - Published
- 1993
63. Detrended Fluctuation Analysis Is Considered to Be Useful as a New Indicator for Short-Term Glucose Complexity.
- Author
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Naomune Yamamoto, Yutaka Kubo, Kaya Ishizawa, Gwang Kim, Tatsumi Moriya, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, and Kuniaki Otsuka
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
64. Origin and disposal of 1,5-anhydroglucitol, a major polyol in the human body.
- Author
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TOSHIKAZU YAMANOUCHI, YUMI TACHIBANA, HIROSHI AKANUMA, SUSUMU MINODA, TAKAOMI SHINOHARA, HITOSHI MOROMIZATO, HIDEO MIYASHITA, and IEO AKAOKA
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
65. Mechanism for acute reduction of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in rats treated with diabetogenic agents.
- Author
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TOSHIKAZU YAMANOUCHI, IEO AKAOKA, YASUO AKANUMA, HIROSHI AKANUMA, and HIDEO MIYASHITA
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
66. Sorbitol Determination by Liquid Chromatography: Application to Red Blood Cells of Diabetic Rats1
- Author
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Yasuo Akanuma, Keiichi Nomura, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Hiroshi Akanuma, and Hideki Ono
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Aldose reductase ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Periodate ,General Medicine ,Carbohydrate ,Biochemistry ,Aldose reductase inhibitor ,Red blood cell ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Polyol ,medicine ,Sorbitol ,Ion-exchange resin ,Molecular Biology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
This report describes an application of liquid chromatography to the determination of sorbitol in red blood cells. The chromatograph employed in the present study was made up of sub- and main-separation systems and a detector portion. The sub-separation system was for concentration of polyols and involved two small columns, each containing the same anion exchange resin. The first was a tiny column which, in borate form, served as the concentrator of polyols and sugars charged in a large volume, while the second, in acetate form, separated the carbohydrates from the borate. The main system was for the fine separation of each carbohydrate and employed cation exchange columns. The detector part utilized a flow fluorometric method comprising two successive reactions: periodate oxidation followed by the Hantzsch reaction. The resulting whole chromatographic system was applied to the determination of sorbitol in red blood cells obtained from normal rats and rats made diabetic by the administration of streptozotocin; a part of the latter group had also received an aldose reductase inhibitor. Our results supported the concepts that a prolonged duration of high blood glucose level induces an elevated level of sorbitol inside red blood cells and that aldose reductase inhibitors are effective in reducing this level.
- Published
- 1985
67. Plasma 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol as new clinical marker of glycemic control in NIDDM patients
- Author
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Susumu Minoda, Ieo Akaoka, Yasuo Akanuma, Hiroshi Akanuma, Hideo Miyashita, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, and Masahiko Yabuuchi
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urinary system ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Pregnancy in Diabetics ,Clinical marker ,Deoxyglucose ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Glycosuria ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Deoxy Sugars ,D-glucitol ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Glycemic ,Aged ,business.industry ,Plasma ,Fasting ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,1,5-Anhydroglucitol ,Female ,Hemoglobin ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
To elucidate the value of using plasma 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (AG) as a marker of glycemic control in diabetic patients, the relationship between the plasma concentration of AG and glucosuria was examined in 152 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). After recovery from the deterioration of glycemic control in NIDDM patients had started, AG began to increase day by day. The recovery of plasma AG showed a constant linear increase curve when excellent glycemic control was attained. The ordinary daily recovery rate of plasma AG was estimated to be 0.3 microgram/ml, which was independent of body weight, sex, age, the difference in treatment, the duration of diabetes, or the level of plasma AG among NIDDM patients. This rate decreased according to the increase in urinary glucose. When we calculated the decrease rate of plasma AG (delta AG), assuming 0.3 microgram/day to be the maximum increase rate in a day, we found a high correlation between delta AG and urinary glucose at almost all AG levels except the normal range and observed that plasma AG (A) times urinary glucose (G) was relatively constant. The formula A x G = 16 is a simple equation for rough estimation of urinary glucose from the plasma AG concentration in a stable glycemic-controlled NIDDM patient, and we call it the A.G index. The plasma AG also correlated significantly with fasting plasma glucose (r = -.810) and glycosylated hemoglobin (r = -.856) in the same stable glycemic-controlled NIDDM patients. Based on these observations, we propose that plasma AG can serve as a new marker that may provide sensitive and analytical information about glycemic control.
- Published
- 1989
68. COMPETITIVE INHIBITION OF CHOLECYSTOKININ-STIMULATED 2-DEOXYGLUCOSE UPTAKE BY PROGLUMIDE IN MOUSE PANCREATIC ACINI1
- Author
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Reiko Nakamura, Yasuhiko Iwamoto, Yasuo Akanuma, and Toshikazu Yamanouchi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Proglumide ,Endocrinology ,Non-competitive inhibition ,Chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Deoxyglucose ,medicine ,General Medicine ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Cholecystokinin ,medicine.drug - Published
- 1983
69. Reduction of plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1-deoxyglucose) concentration in diabetic patients
- Author
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Ieo Akaoka, Hiroshi Akanuma, Yasuo Akanuma, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, and T Nakamura
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Renal function ,Newly diagnosed ,Deoxyglucose ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex Factors ,Isomerism ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Deoxy Sugars ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Liver Diseases ,Age Factors ,Healthy subjects ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Creatinine ,1,5-Anhydroglucitol ,Female ,business ,Hormone - Abstract
The plasma concentration of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol(AG)(1-deoxyglucose) is known to decrease in diabetic patients. In order to evaluate the usefulness of this polyol as a diabetic marker, we examined the specificity of the plasma AG reduction in various diseases: the plasma AG level was determined in 108 newly diagnosed diabetic patients, 229 normal subjects and 200 patients with various other disorders. The mean plasma AG concentration in diabetes mellitus was 1.9 +/- 1.8 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD), which was definitely lower than that in healthy subjects and patients with other diseases including some metabolic and hormonal diseases (mean value range: 13.4-28.3 micrograms/ml). Only the "malignancies" group showed statistically different mean values from that in normal subjects; however, these values were much higher than those of diabetic patients. The AG concentration seemed to be relatively low in some severe by uraemic patients, but is likely to be little influenced by the glomerular filtration rate. Upon adjustment for sex and age, AG concentration was not found to be correlated with the degree of obesity in both healthy subjects and diabetic patients. The plasma AG concentration showed a tendency to be higher in healthy males than in healthy females in all age-matched groups; however, statistically significant differences were not seen. Also, no significant influence of age was observed.
- Published
- 1988
70. Differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells is accompanied by an increase in insulin receptors
- Author
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Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Kazuo Shizume, Yuji Sato, Hitomi Murakami, Toshio Tsushima, Kazuo Oshimi, and Hideaki Mizoguchi
- Subjects
Vitamin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cellular differentiation ,Biophysics ,Biochemistry ,Cell Line ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Calcitriol ,Internal medicine ,Insulin receptor substrate ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Phorbol esters ,Molecular Biology ,biology ,Dimethyl sulfoxide ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Receptor, Insulin ,Kinetics ,Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ,Leukemia ,Insulin receptor ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,biology.protein - Abstract
Changes in insulin receptors accompanying cell differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) were studied. Cell differentiation was induced by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , vitamin A, dimethyl sulfoxide, or phorbol esters. 1α,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D 3 increased the ability of HL-60 cells to bind insulin in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in insulin binding was due to an increase in the number of insulin receptors. Vitamin A, dimethyl sulfoxide and phorbol esters were also effective in increaseing insulin receptors. Thus, the differentiation of HL-60 cells was accompanied by an increase in insulin receptors.
- Published
- 1982
71. Marked Depletion of Plasma 1,5-Anhydroglucitol, a Major Polyol, in Streptozocin-induced Diabetes in Rats and the Effect of Insulin Treatment
- Author
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Yasuo Akanuma, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Fumimaro Takaku, and Hiroshi Akanuma
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chromatography, Gas ,Time Factors ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Deoxyglucose ,Streptozocin ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polyol ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Deoxy Sugars ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Insulin ,Tissue Distribution ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,Metabolism ,medicine.disease ,Streptozotocin ,Rats ,Dose–response relationship ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,1,5-Anhydroglucitol ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Plasma levels of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5AG), a major polyol resembling glucose in structure, fell rapidly and dramatically in streptozocin (STZ)-treated rats. 1,5AG fell immediately after STZ injection, reaching a plasma level 6 h after administration of the drug that was one-third that in the plasma of control rats. Reduction of 1,5AG was independent of the profile of blood glucose induced by STZ. After intravenous injection of [14C]-1,5AG, its plasma half-life was determined to be between 120 and 180 min. After a phase of acute decrease, the reduction of 1,5AG became gradual, stopping within 6 days after treatment. However, in some cases, the drop in 1,5AG was partially reversible by insulin treatment. The extent to which 1,5AG fell did not strictly correspond to the dose of STZ. The particular organ(s) consuming or accumulating 1,5AG was not identified. However, aside from the large amount of 1,5AG in plasma and the small amount of 1,5AG in the urine, the liver appears to be a significant organ for metabolism Of 1,5AG.
- Published
- 1986
72. Reduced Renal Reabsorption of 1,5-Anhydro-D-Glucitol in Diabetic Rats and Mice
- Author
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Shunichi Kametani, Yasuo Akanuma, Yutaka Hashimoto, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, and Hiroshi Akanuma
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urinary system ,Urine ,Deoxyglucose ,Biology ,Kidney ,Biochemistry ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Absorption ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,Excretion ,Mice ,Glycosuria ,Internal medicine ,Deoxy Sugars ,medicine ,Animals ,Tissue Distribution ,Carbon Radioisotopes ,Molecular Biology ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Mice, Inbred ICR ,Reabsorption ,Kidney metabolism ,Renal Reabsorption ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,General Medicine ,Streptozotocin ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A stable amount, approximately 60 micrograms, of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (AG) was detected in the 24-h-urine of normal young rats fed ad libitum. Upon administration of streptozotocin (STZ), this amount was temporarily elevated to as much as 1.1 mg and AG was concomitantly removed from the circulation. The plasma AG level stayed almost null thereafter while the acutely elevated urinary AG excretion declined within 24 h to another stable excretion level that was three times as high as that of the untreated rats. In contrast, glucosuria developed much more slowly in the drug-treated rats. Normal rats and mice retained exogenous [14C]AG to a considerable extent and the radioactivity was distributed all over the body. Only a marginal fraction of the radioactivity was excreted as expired CO2. The radio-activities retained in the body and excreted into the urine were mostly attributed to unmetabolized AG. The observations of AG's metabolic stability and its relatively low level of leakage into urine suggested the concept of effective renal AG reabsorption. On the other hand, the rats with STZ-induced diabetes and NOD-mice with spontaneously developed diabetes retained little of the radioactive AG in their bodies; most of the injected radioactivity was recovered in the urine within 24 h. This observation was interpreted as due to reduced renal AG reabsorption in these animals. The concept of reduction in renal AG reabsorption in diabetes could account for the reduced plasma AG level generally observed in human diabetic cases.
- Published
- 1987
73. Characteristics of insulin receptors and insulin action in human myelogenous leukemia cell line K-562
- Author
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Yasuo Akanuma, Fumimaro Takaku, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Masato Kasuga, Hideaki Mizoguchi, and Toshio Tsushima
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Cell Line ,Internal medicine ,Insulin receptor substrate ,medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Binding site ,Receptor ,Proinsulin ,biology ,Temperature ,DNA, Neoplasm ,Carbon Dioxide ,Receptor, Insulin ,Neoplasm Proteins ,Insulin receptor ,Red blood cell ,Kinetics ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell culture ,biology.protein ,Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute - Abstract
Specific binding sites for insulin have been identified and characterized for the human erythroleukemia cell line K-562. The binding of [125I]-insulin to the cells increased as a function of time, reaching a maximum at 20 min when incubation was performed at 37°C. The binding of [125I]-insulin was dose-dependently inhibited by insulin or proinsulin. Scatchard plot of the binding data was curvilinear, and the number of insulin receptors was approximately 39,000. Insulin at concentrations of 0.05–10.0 ng/ml stimulated CO2 production and DNA and protein synthesis in K-562 cells in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that the insulin binding sites are functionally important in mediating these biochemical events induced by insulin. Maximal insulin responses were elicited at concentrations of
- Published
- 1985
74. Variables that regulate production of insulin-like peptide(s) in human leukemia cell line (HL-60)
- Author
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Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Masato Kasuga, Toshio Tsushima, and Fumimaro Takaku
- Subjects
Peptide Biosynthesis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biophysics ,Peptide ,Cell Count ,Biology ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,Biochemistry ,Cell Line ,Calcitriol ,Somatomedins ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Molecular Biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Cell growth ,Myeloid leukemia ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,Somatomedin ,Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ,Endocrinology ,Glucose ,chemistry ,Cell culture ,Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ,Peptides ,Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 - Abstract
A human myeloid leukemia cell line (HL-60) produces a peptide or peptides with insulin-like activity which is distinct from insulin or insulin-like growth factors (somatomedins). Factors regulating the production of this peptide (HL-ILP) were explored in the present study. The production of HL-ILP was maximal in the early log phase of cell growth and declined with increasing cell density. Differentiation of HL-60 cells to macrophages, induced by dihydroxyvitamin D 3 or phorbol esters, was also associated with a decrease in HL-ILP production. Glucose consumption by the cells in the early log phase was closely related with HL-ILP production, and HL-ILP was found to stimulate glucose consumption by HL-60 cells. Production of HL-ILP was dependent on glucose concentrations in the culture medium and glucose concentrations higher than 1mg/dl suppressed the release of HL-ILP. These observations are not inconsistent with a hypothesis that HL-ILP is involved in the glucose metabolism of the HL-60 cells that produce this peptide.
- Published
- 1985
75. Urinary excretion of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol accompanying glucose excretion in diabetic patients
- Author
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N. Fukuzawa, M. Morita, Hiroshi Akanuma, Yasuo Akanuma, and Toshikazu Yamanouchi
- Subjects
Glycosuria ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Urinary system ,Urine ,Deoxyglucose ,Excretion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polyol ,Isomerism ,Reference Values ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Deoxy Sugars ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Humans ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,1,5-Anhydroglucitol ,Renal threshold ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
The urinary excretion of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, a pyranoid polyol, in humans was studied. The plasma of nondiabetic human subjects contained high concentrations of this polyol (greater than 110 mumol/l), and there was a tendency for the 24-h excretion of it to become more variable in direct proportion to its plasma concentration. In contrast, diabetic patients showed lower plasma concentrations of this polyol, and the variation in the 24-h excretion of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol was especially notable among the patients with an extremely low plasma concentration of the polyol. This diabetic group showed a statistically significant correlation (p less than 0.01), between the urinary 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol and urinary glucose. This correlation was more markedly demonstrated during a 100-g oral glucose tolerance test: parallel changes were observed in the concentrations of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol and glucose in the urine collected every hour after the glucose load. These observations led to the proposal that low plasma concentration of this polyol, which is observed in diabetes mellitus, may be the result of a frequent and/or prolonged high blood glucose concentration beyond the renal threshold for glucose excretion.
- Published
- 1988
76. Demonstration of two different vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding proteins in rat intestinal mucosa
- Author
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Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Sachiko Moriuchi, and Norimasa Hosoya
- Subjects
Vitamin ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Ileum ,Biology ,Calcium ,Jejunum ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Intestinal mucosa ,Calcium-binding protein ,medicine ,Animals ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Vitamin D ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Proteins ,Vitamin D Deficiency ,Molecular biology ,Rats ,Molecular Weight ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Sephadex ,Duodenum ,Female ,Protein Binding - Abstract
The characteristics and location of rat intestinal proteins with calcium binding properties were reexamined using both a 45Ca-equilibrated Sephadex G-100 column and the chelex 100 method in the assay of 45Ca binding activity. The rat intestinal mucosa was found to have three different proteins with calcium binding properties. Two of these proteins were found to be vitamin D-dependent and were examined in detail. Thee larger vitamin D-dependent protein, found predominantly in the jejunum and ileum, had a molecular weight of 27, 000 and demonstrated low affinity for calcium; the detection of this protein by the chelex 100 assay was very difficult. The smaller vitamin D-dependent protein, which was associated mainly with duodenum and jejunum, had a molecular weight of 12, 500, and demonstrated a high affinity for calcium.
- Published
- 1975
77. Reduction and recovery of plasma 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol level in diabetes mellitus
- Author
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Tomoichiro Asano, Yasuo Akanuma, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Chieko Konishi, Hiroshi Akanuma, and Ieo Akaoka
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Deoxyglucose ,Impaired glucose tolerance ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Deoxy Sugars ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,D-glucitol ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Animals ,Humans ,Circadian rhythm ,Longitudinal Studies ,Glycemic ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,C-Peptide ,business.industry ,Insulin ,Metabolism ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,chemistry ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,1,5-Anhydroglucitol ,Female ,business - Abstract
The plasma concentration of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (AG) was measured in 135 newly diagnosed patients who were referred for oral glucose tolerance tests. AG concentrations in the nondiabetic patients indicated that the mean value of normal AG concentration was 21.8 micrograms/ml (SD = 5.9 micrograms/ml, range 9.6-38.8 micrograms/ml). This distribution of AG concentration was significantly different from that in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (13.3 +/- 5.4 micrograms/ml) and definitely different from that in diabetic patients (2.1 +/- 1.8 micrograms/ml). In a standard glucagon test, it was suggested that the decrease of plasma AG was affected not only by glycemic control of the patients but also by pancreatic cell secretory activity. The reduction of AG concentration was more marked in IDDM patients than in NIDDM patients. In longitudinal studies, AG concentration was shown to be sensitive to glycemic control. However, its recovery showed a tendency toward much delay after the improvement of fasting blood glucose or HbA1 concentrations. On the other hand, AG concentration showed negligible diurnal change and no immediate change as a result of diet, oral glucose load, or acute shift of the insulin level in both normal and diabetic subjects.
- Published
- 1987
78. [A case of pneumococcal arthritis in a patient with gout]
- Author
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Yasuo Ono, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Otohiko Kunii, Hideo Miyashita, Susumu Minoda, and Ieo Akaoka
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gout ,medicine.disease_cause ,Internal medicine ,Sepsis ,Streptococcal Infections ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,medicine ,Synovial fluid ,Humans ,Cefbuperazone ,Cefamandole ,Immunodeficiency ,Arthritis, Infectious ,business.industry ,Penicillin G ,General Medicine ,Pneumonia ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,Cephalosporins ,Sputum ,Septic arthritis ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A 62 year-old man had suffered from gout and mild renal insufficiency since he was 40 years old. He was admitted to our hospital complicated by a productive cough, high fever and a right swollen knee joint. The chest radiographs demonstrated a left upper lobe infiltration shadow. Streptococci pneumoniae were found in the sputum, arterial blood and synovial fluid of the right knee joint, suggesting a severe pneumonia followed by pneumococcal septicemia which led to purulent arthritis. He was treated with cefamandole (CMD) and penicillin G (PC-G) for one week, but the chest X-ray findings were not improved. After treatment with cefbuperazone (CBPZ) and latamoxef (LMOX), his fever and other symptoms gradually resolved. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an uncommon organism of septic arthritis. Pneumococcal arthritis in a patient without immunodeficiency such as this case is very rare, and has not been reported in Japan.
- Published
- 1989
79. New powerful insulin-like protein from human promyelocytic leukemia cells
- Author
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Kazuo Shizume, Yasuo Akanuma, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Fumimaro Takaku, Toshio Tsushima, and Hideaki Mizoguchi
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Nonsuppressible Insulin-Like Activity ,Cell Line ,Radioligand Assay ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Insulin ,Secretion ,biology ,Molecular mass ,Immune Sera ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,Trypsin ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Insulin receptor ,Leukemia ,Kinetics ,Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ,Glucose ,Adipose Tissue ,Cell culture ,Sephadex ,biology.protein ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Potent insulin-like activity was found in the conditioned medium of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. The conditioned medium of HL-60 cells at high density stimulated [3H]glucose incorporation into lipids in rat adipocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The dose-response curve for this factor was not parallel to that for insulin, and the maximal effect achieved was much greater than reached by insulin or multiplication-stimulating activity. Moreover, the maximal effect reached by either insulin or the conditioned medium was additive. The insulin-like activity was not suppressed in the presence of antiinsulin antibody. Insulin-like activity was not detectable by radioreceptor assay for insulin, suggesting that the factor does not act through the insulin receptor. The factor in the conditioned medium of HL-60 cells was heat stable and sensitive to trypsin. When the conditioned medium was subjected to gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column, the major part of insulin-like activity eluted in the position corresponding to an apparent molecular weight between RNAase and insulin markers. The remaining activity, approximately 10% of the total, appeared with a larger molecular weight species. On isoelectric focusing of the smaller molecular species, insulin-like activity was largely focused in the position corresponding to pI 7.8-8.2.
- Published
- 1984
80. A low plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1-deoxyglucose) level as a marker of glycemic control in diabetes mellitus
- Author
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Yasuo Akanuma, Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Hiroshi Akanuma, and I Akaoka
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Deoxyglucose ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,1,5-Anhydroglucitol ,business ,Glycemic - Published
- 1987
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