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Background Phone calls between pharmacists and prescribers play an important role in resolving potential errors and other issues. Despite their importance in patient care, and sometimes causing frustration for pharmacists, there is little research on these calls. Objective To quantify how long calls between pharmacists and prescribers are, how often phone calls occur, why calls are made, and who is called. Method An observational study was conducted with 130.5 h observed in 11 community pharmacies over 8 weeks in Dunedin, New Zealand, recording information about all incoming and outgoing calls. Data captured included information on length, date, time, reason for call, pharmacy staff involved, health professionals involved, and the place being called. We also surveyed pharmacists' perceptions of this communication. Results Data on 95 phone calls was captured. The mean length was 110 s (95% CI 88-133), at an average of 0.7 calls per hour. The most frequent reasons for calling were clarifications and dose inquiries. Conclusion Calling prescribers is perceived as a frustrating; however the frequency of calls we observed was low, but some were long. The amount of time spent for pharmacist interventions may be reduced using alternative communication methods but these need further study.

The initial paradigm of Video Relay Service (VRS) in the United States viewed interpreters as merely conduits for telephone communication; however, this paradigm has begun to shift. Recent research suggests that VRS interpreters are actively involved in coordinating interpreted interaction (Marks 2015; Warnicke and Plejert 2012, 2016). This study aims add to the body of VRS research by analyzing features of turn management in ASL-English video relay interpreted calls. These features of turn management are grouped into two categories: techniques and strategies. Techniques denote acts that are performed in addition to the rendition, and strategies refer to instances of turn management that are embedded within renditions. Results show that VRS interpreters employ a variety of turn management techniques and strategies, especially in cases of overlapping talk between Deaf and hearing callers. The findings presented are relevant to the shifting paradigm of VRS interpreter work and training.

Obstructive sleep apnea can have consequences such as cardiovascular disease and motor vehicle accidents. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard treatment, but nonadherence limits efficacy. This project used a telemedicine strategy that included remote adherence monitoring and telephone communication from a nurse practitioner in the first week of CPAP therapy to promote adherence. Of patients who received the telemedicine, 71% were adherent at follow-up. Incorporating telemedicine into clinical practice may promote adherence to CPAP therapy.

El presente artículo contiene un estudio acerca de la prueba ilícita, partiendo del recuento de diversas teorías que se han manejado en el mundo a través de la historia, para centrarse en el manejo que se ha dado al tema de la prueba ilícita en Colombia, como Estado Social de Derecho, garante de derechos fundamentales de significativa importancia como el debido proceso. Se analiza y reflexiona acerca de un caso de trascendencia nacional como fue el denominado “miti- miti” generado por la interceptación de una comunicación telefónica entre dos ex ministros, quienes pretendían adjudicar unas radiofrecuencias sonoras sin el cumplimiento de la normatividad vigente para dicho proceso, facilitando abordar con claridad lo relacionado con la exclusión de la prueba ilícita cuando se vulneren derechos fundamentales, así mismo la existencia de algunas excepciones a la hora de aplicar la regla de exclusión, haciendo énfasis en la Sentencia SU 159 de 2000 M.P: Dr. Manuel José Cepeda Espinosa.

International audience; Objectives: Telephone use correlates with quality of life, and is one of the most important expectations of cochlear implant candidates. The aim of the present study was to assess the benefit of a progressive intensive 18-session training program, conducted by telephone in cochlear implant recipients.Material and methods: Nine cochlear-implanted adults underwent telerehabilitation focused on telephone use, with before-and-after assessment of: auditory performance, on Lafon monosyllabic words and MBAA sentences in quiet, cocktail-party noise and by phone; telephone use, on ad-hoc surveys and number of calls per week; and quality of life on ERSA and APHAB questionnaires.Results: Before training, monosyllabic word comprehension was poorer by telephone than by direct voice (64±5.7% vs. 26±5.3%; P

Background Hospitals and other health care providers frequently experience difficulties contacting patients and their carers who live remotely from the town where the health service is located. In 2016 Nurse Navigator positions were introduced into the health services by Queensland Health, to support and navigate the care of people with chronic and complex conditions. One hospital in Far North Queensland initiated an additional free telephone service to provide another means of communication for patients and carers with the NNs and for off-campus health professionals to obtain details about a patient utilising the service. Calls made between 7am and 10pm, seven days per week are answered by a nurse navigator. Aim To report utilisation of the service by navigated clients and remotely located clinicians compared to use of navigators’ individual work numbers and direct health service numbers. We report the reason for calls to the free number and examine features of these calls. Methods Statistical analysis examined the call reason, duration of calls, setting from where calls originated and stream of calls. Interactions between the reasons for calls and the features of calls, such as contact method, were examined. Results The major reason for calls was clinical issues and the source of calls was primarily patients and carers. Clinical calls were longer in duration. Shorter calls were mainly non-clinical, made by a health professional. Setting for calls was not related to the reason. The most frequent number used was the individual mobile number of the NN, followed by the hospital landline. Although the free number was utilised by patients and carers, it was not the preferred option. Conclusion As patients and carers preferred to access their NN directly than via the 1800 number, further research should explore options best suited to this group of patients outside normal business hours.

How to mine social links with sparse data is a traditional problem. Researchers have ever studied the issue with transfer learning and achieved good results on telephone communication network or other acquaintances networks. However, the method would not work well on social networks sometime, as the social relationships in many social networks are not necessarily acquaintances. In this paper, we propose a new model, MS-TrBPadaboost, based on transfer learning and multiple social networks to solve the issue. The model could transfer information from multiple sources reasonably and self-adaptively so as to select more suitable knowledge and samples. The experimental results shows that our model yields better performance than state-of-the-art baselines, demonstrating the effectiveness of the model.

An 18-month-old domestic short hair male castrated cat presented with a history of fever of unknown origin of 1-year duration. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a mixed echogenicity mass. Cytological examination of the fluid obtained through fine needle aspiration was consistent with a retroperitoneal abscess. The cat underwent a midline celiotomy and the abscess was opened, lavaged, and omentalized. Antibiotics were also administered. Two months after surgery, the cat represented with a fluctuant swelling in the right flank region at the lumbodorsal triangle. Abdominal and mass ultrasound showed a mixed echogenicity swelling in the right flank. Under gas anesthesia, the swelling was surgically explored and a 0.4 cm long grass awn was found and removed. Telephone communication with the owners 6 months after surgery found the cat to be free of clinical signs.

Background National guidelines place an emphasis on patients, carers and health professionals being able to access specialist palliative care advice at all times (National Council for Palliative Care, 2015; Department of Health, 2008). The advice line enables this timely support and guidance. However, whilst running alongside the Inpatient Unit, the specific skills and knowledge required to handle calls can be overlooked (Carr, Lhussier & Wilcockson, 2008). Aims To support all Registered Nurses working on the Inpatient Unit to feel more confident and competent in taking advice line calls (Purc- Stephenson & Thrasher, 2010) delivering up to date, safe and consistent advice, whilst enabling a culture of feedback and support. Methods The development of advice line training following consultation with unit staff, feedback from other hospices and literature review, with sessions balancing specific telephone communication skills alongside clinical knowledge and practical elements (Yardley, Codling, Roberts, O’Donnell et al., 2009); The implementation of a new framework to help guide more complex calls – encouraging staff to think of completing a jigsaw puzzle without being able to see the picture on the box, and by putting together ‘pieces’ of information to guide the advice given by remembering to ‘delve’ and ‘tell me more…’; The commencement of regular feedback sessions enabling protected time for staff to ‘offload’, discuss difficult calls and for feedback and ongoing teaching from an Inpatient Unit Consultant or other palliative care professional; The development of an information pack to accompany training and an advice line resource folder for staff to reference during calls. Conclusion Acknowledging that for some staff the advice line can be stressful, the implementation of training and support has had a very positive impact, with staff reporting a more confident approach when taking calls. The new resources have been welcomed and already proven useful, particularly when dealing with medication related calls. This work is already enabling the delivery of more consistent, confident and quality advice and in time this will undoubtedly increase caller satisfaction (Moscato, Valanis, Gullion, Tanner et al., 2007).

Purpose To better understand the longitudinal risks and benefits of telephone disclosure of genetic test results in the era of multi-gene panel testing. Patients and Methods Adults who were proceeding with germline cancer genetic testing were randomized to telephone disclosure (TD) with a genetic counselor or in-person disclosure (IPD) of test results (i.e., usual care). All participants who received TD were recommended to return to meet with a physician to discuss medical management recommendations. Results 473 participants were randomized to TD and 497 to IPD. There were no differences between arms for any cognitive, affective or behavioral outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Only 50% of participants in the TD arm returned for the medical follow-up appointment. Returning was associated with site (p

Brazil's interest in Africa is in no way accidental. The oil crisis of 1973 forced Brazil to consider the benefits to be derived from closer association with the larger oil-producing countries of Africa, namely, Angola, Nigeria, and Gabon. Brazil made its moves armed with a reassuring rationale: Its ties with Africa were rooted in history and culture. One learns how Africa can benefit from Brazil's technological expertise and how Brazil can most effectively conduct its business dealings in Africa. The Brazilian presence in Africa is not confined to goods alone, but extends to experts and technicians at work on a variety of projects, including road building in Mauritania, construction of tile and brickwork factories in Ghana, and improvement of telephone communication networks in Nigeria. In June 1980, the president of Guinea-Bissau, Luis Cabral, went to Brazil. And President Figueiredo himself went to Africa in 1981, the first Brazilian president to do so.

Background Up to date patient data is a cornerstone of optimal safety and care, so admission to hospital requires transfer of data held in the community to secondary care. Despite the advent of electronic medical record systems such as Connecting Care and EMIS, the telephone remains the mainstay of communication. Methods A prospective cross-sectional quality improvement project was conducted to assess the time taken in telephone communication between primary and secondary care doctors and determine if access to the electronic shared system, Connecting Care, would improve efficiency. As part of normal junior doctor activity, fifty GPs were contacted between September 2015 and February 2016 to obtain medical data on patients admitted to UH Bristol. Time taken to contact each GP and the duration of the conversation was recorded. One hundred patient records were accessed using Connecting Care between October 2015 and February 2016 and the length of time taken to access information documented. Results Out of 50 phone calls 27 resulted in direct transfer to a GP with time to transfer ranging from 12 seconds to 19 minutes 51 seconds (mean 8 minutes 10 seconds, median 7 minutes 16 seconds). A total of 28 messages were left with the receptionist with 16/28 phone calls being returned and time taken for the call to be returned ranged from 34 minutes to 21 hours 3 minutes (mean 5 hours 50 minutes 4 seconds, median 4 hours). Information was available for 88/100 patient records accessed using Connecting Care with a mean duration to access information required of 1 minute 47 seconds. This was significantly shorter than the mean duration of conversation with GPs (4 minutes 22 seconds), mean total duration of telephone call and mean total duration of time to achieve aim of call with GP practices of 13 minutes 18 seconds and 2 hours 14 minutes 11 seconds respectively. Conclusions This study identifies areas of potential improvement in current methods of communication between primary and secondary care. Direct telephone contact will always have an important role in sharing information. However, access for secondary care doctors to electronic patient records, with patient consent and consideration for confidentiality, would improve efficiency and alleviate time pressures on both busy primary and secondary care doctors. This would have a positive impact on patient care and safety.

In an effort to reduce shelter intake, Miami-Dade Animal Services (MDAS) Pet Retention Program offers caretakers with an opportunity to have animals treated for certain medical conditions, free of charge. Discovery of new, simple surgical techniques for low-cost procedures provides veterinarians with more surgical solutions, expands the capacity for services provided through low-cost veterinary clinics and other shelter programs, and provides shelters with life-saving alternatives that will increase adoptability of homeless pets and reduce euthanasia rates. The aim of this clinical trial was to describe and to evaluate the use of the autologous tunica vaginalis communis as a free graft to repair perineal hernia (PH) in intact male dogs at an animal shelter facility. In 2018, seven male intact dogs, diagnosed with perineal hernias (PH), were presented to MDAS. All dogs had the surgical reconstruction of the pelvic diaphragm repaired by using the tunica vaginalis communis obtained at the time of castration, prior to the perineal access, and sutured directly into the perineal defect. Clinical outcome including postoperative complications and hernia recurrence were obtained via telephone communication. The median follow-up time was 13 months. None of the dogs included in this study had recurrence of the PH. All dogs were adopted, were transferred to animal rescue organizations or were returned to their owners after the surgical procedure. The use of tunica vaginalis communis autograft is a simple, low-cost surgical technique that requires less surgical expertise and training and can be used for perineal herniorrhaphy in dogs, without long-term recurrence.

Bu tezde, sayıları ve çeşitleri hızla artan telsiz iletişim kullanıcıları ve uygulamaları nedeniyle, gelecek nesil telsiz iletişim sistemlerine yönelik olarak ortaya çıkan teknik gereksinimleri karşılamak üzere yenilikçi fiziksel katman teknikleri üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Bu gereksinimlere yönelik olarak önemli avantajlara sahip çok taşıyıcılı ortogonal olmayan dalga biçimleri araştırılmıştır. Bu dalga biçimleri içerisinde öne çıkan Genelleştirilmiş Frekans Bölmeli Çoğullama yapısının ortogonal olmaması nedeniyle verici ve alıcı yapılarında karşılaşılan problemlere çözümler oluşturmak üzere çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Genelleştirilmiş Frekans Bölmeli Çoğullama yapısının, sağladığı spektral verimliliği nedeniyle öne çıkan çok girişli çok çıkışlı iletim, spektral ve enerji verimliliği nedeniyle öne çıkan indis modülasyonu iletim teknikleri ile etkin ve verimli bir şekilde birleştirilmesi konusu derinlemesine ele alınmıştır. Yeni verici-alıcı yapıları önerilmişve bu yapılar, enerji verimliliği, spektral verimlilik, işlemsel karmaşıklık ve hata başarımları açılarından ele alınıp optimize edilmiştir. In this thesis, the combination of MIMO and IM techniques with GFDM has been investigated and novel transceiver structures have been introduced. These transceiver structures has been optimized in terms of energy, spectral and computational efficiency. In the first stage of the thesis, the combination of the IM technique with GFDM is investigated. In the second stage of the thesis, the integration of GFDM with space and frequency IM (SFIM) techniques is discussed in detail and a framework for the combination of GFDM with IM concept is presented. In the third stage of the thesis, a novel MIMO-GFDM scheme, which combines spatial multiplexing (SMX), GFDM and IM, is proposed in order to provide an efficient transmission scheme for beyond 5G wireless networks. Thanks to studies conducted during this thesis, GFDM has gained spectral and energy efficiency while preserving its inherent advantages. As a result, it has been considered that GFDM becomes a strong PHY candidate for future wireless networks. 162

Mobil düğümlerin coğrafi konumlandırılması, yeni nesil mobil ağlarda gelişmiş konum tabanlı servislerin (KTS'ler) geliştirilmesi için çok önemli bir süreçtir. Bu tezde, Uzun Süreli Evrim (USE) ağlarında gelişmiş hücre kimliği (G-HK) yönteminin konumlandırma performansı ve Ortogonal Olmayan Çoklu Erişim (OOÇE) tabanlı 5G ağlarda konumlandırma incelenmiştir. Bölüm III ve Bölüm IV'te, sırasıyla, kullanıcı adaleti özelliği üzerinde özellikle durularak, farklı şebeke koşullarında uplink kooperatif OOÇE için Varış Zamanı (VZ) ve Alınan Sinyal Gücü (ASG) bazlı konumlandırma teorik sınırları incelenmiştir. Her iki bölümde de kooperatif OOÇE ve kooperatif Ortogonal Çoklu Erişim (OÇE) ağlarda VZ ve ASG tabanlı konumlandırması incelenmiştir. Cramer-Rao alt sınırları (CRAS), her iki bölüm için de Güçlendir-ve-Gönder (GG) ve Kodçöz-ve-Gönder (KG) geçişleri göz önünde bulundurularak pozisyon tahmini hatasının temel sınırlarını göstermek için elde edilmiştir. Her iki şema için sayısal sonuçlar, röle sayısının ve kullanıcı ekipmanlarının (KE) sayısının, VZ ve ASG tabanlı konumlandırma performansındaki farklı aktarımların etkileri dikkate alınarak sunulmuş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Güç tahsisatının kooperatif OOÇE'in kullanıcı adaletliliğine etkileri de incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, kooperatif OOÇE'in kooperatif OÇE'den konumlandırma açısından daha iyi performans gösterdiğini göstermektedir. Kooperatif OOÇE farklı ağ koşullarında yüksek hassasiyetli konum doğruluğu ve kullanıcı adaletliliği sağlar. Ek olarak, Bölüm V'de, USE ağı için referans sinyali alınan güç (RSAG), azimut parametreleri ve COST 231 Walfish-Ikegami yol kaybı modeli kullanılarak yeni G-HK bazlı konumlandırma yöntemleri önerilmiştir. Sonuçlar, USE ağları için önerilen konumlandırma yönteminin HK tabanlı konumlandırma yönteminden daha iyi performans gösterdiğini ve USE ağlarındaki pratik yerelleştirme uygulamalarında kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Geolocation of mobile nodes is a crucial process for enabling advanced LBSs in next generation mobile networks. In this dissertation, we investigate the positioning performance for enhanced cell ID (E-CID) method in LTE and NOMA based 5G networks. Theoretical limits of TOA and RSS based positioning for uplink cooperative NOMA (C-NOMA) under different network conditions with special emphasis on the user fairness feature are investigated. Furthermore, the performance of the TOA and RSS based positioning of C-NOMA and cooperative OMA (C-OMA) are compared. The CRLBs are also derived in order to show the fundamental limits of position estimation error by taking AF and DF relaying into account for both chapters. The numerical results for both schemes are presented and compared considering the effects of the number of relays and user equipments (UEs), different relaying on the performances of TOA and RSS positioning. The effects of power allocation on the user fairness of C-NOMA are also investigated. The results show that the C-NOMA outperforms C-OMA in terms of positioning. C-NOMA provides high precision position accuracy and user fairness under different network conditions. Additionally, a novel E-CID based positioning methods for LTE network based on RSRP, azimuth parameters and COST 231 Walfish-Ikegami path loss model are proposed. The proposed positioning methods are evaluated by using real measurement data. The results reveal that the proposed positioning method for LTE networks outperforms the CID based positioning method in terms of positioning accuracy and can be used in the practical localization applications in LTE networks. 79

Пояснювальна записка випускної роботи містить: 71 сторінок, 22 рисунків, 6 таблиць, 22 формули і 5 розділів. Об'єкт розробки – пристрій захисту від помилок для міні-АТС. Мета роботи – спроектувати систему захисту від помилок для цифрової системи комутації на базі міні-АТС. У першому розділі проведений огляд технічної літератури за даним напрямком проектування, розглянуті існуючі характеристики і варіанти побудови подібних пристроїв. У другому розділі міститься науково-дослідна частина, присвячена розрахунку параметрів системи для котрої далі буде проектуватися пристрій. У третьому розділі обґрунтовується вибір схеми алгоритму, а також проводиться синтез структурної та електричної функціональної схем. У четвертому розділі проводиться вибір елементної бази та розрахунок принципових електричних схем вузлів і блоків системи та розробка принципової схеми. П’ятий розділ містить техніко-економічне обґрунтування для розроблюваної системи . У додатку наведено програмне забезпечення, яке було розроблено у ході проектування.

Çalışmada Çanakkale Cephesi'nde haberleşme hizmetleri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için post-pozitivist paradigma altında nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Yoğunluklu olarak Genelkurmay Askerî Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt Daire Başkanlığı Arşivi'ndeki belgelerden yararlanılmıştır. Modern haberleşme tarihi ile ilgili birkaç kitap ve birkaç makale var olsa da Çanakkale Harbi'nde haberleşme ile ilgili bilimsel bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Araştırma, beş bölüm olarak sunulmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti'nde modern haberleşmenin başlamasından kısaca bahsedildikten sonra Çanakkale Muharebelerine kadar muhabere hizmetlerinin nasıl yürütüldüğü aktarılmıştır. Haberleşmede esas olan teşkilat-malzeme-kadro bilgisi 'malzeme' başlığı altında kurgulanmıştır. Bunlar büro, santral ve levazım malzemeleri, teknik malzemeler, personel ve destekleyici unsurlardır. Savaşta bile olsa teşkilat yapılanmasındaki kadrolarda hem eleman hem de sahra postaları açısından artış gözlemlenmiştir.Muhabere hizmetlerinde dört temel çalışma paralel düzeyde sürmüştür. Öncelikle gerekli yerlere telefon ve telgraf santrallerinin kurulumu, haberleşme aktarım sistemi ve malzemeleriyle İstanbul Muhabere ve Muvasala Genel Merkezi'nden Akçay Körfezi'ni ve tüm Trakya Bölgesi'ni kapsayan askerî haberleşme ağı kurulmuştur. Haberleşme hizmetlerinde ikinci temel hizmeti oluşturan bakım-onarım ve gözetleme hizmetleri son derece titizlikle yürütülmüştür. Muhaberedeki bir yılı aşkın hizmete bakıldığında tüm elemanlar olağanüstü fedakarlıklar göstererek ne pahasına olursa olsun haberleşmeyi sağlamışlardır. Teknik anlamda haberleşme ağı ile ilgili birçok harita, kroki, şema ve listeler profesyonelce hazırlanarak hiçbir şey tesadüfe bırakılmamış olduğu gözlemlenmiş ve kayıt altına alınmıştır.Sonuç olarak seferberliğin ilanı ile birlikte Çanakkale Müstahkem Mevki Komutanlığının görevi devralmasından başlayarak 18 Mart 1915 zaferi ile sonuçlanan savunmadaki haberleşme hizmetleri çok başarılı bir sınav vermiştir. Yaklaşık sekiz buçuk ay süren kara muharebelerinde Gelibolu Yarımadasının kuzey ve güney bölümleri ile Rumeli ve Anadolu Yakasını da kapsayan haberleşme ağı her türlü fedakarlıkla mükemmele yakın hizmet vermiştir. 'Önce muhabere sonra muharebe' doktrini Çanakkale Muharebelerinde bir defa daha yaşanmış ve de başarılı olmuştur. In this study, communication services in Çanakkale front were investigated. In order to reach this aim, document analysis technique which is one of the qualitative research methods has been used under post-positivist paradigm. The documents of the General Staff Military History and Strategic Studies Department were used intensively. Although there are a few books and articles about the history of modern communication, there is no scientific study on communication about Canakkale War. The research is presented in five chapters.After the brief introduction of modern communication in the Ottoman Empire, how the communication services were carried out until Canakkale War were discussed. Organizational-material-cadre information, which is the basis of the communication, is structured under the title material. These are office, power plant and supplies, technical materials, personnel and supporting elements. Even in case of war, there has been an increase in both staff and field posts in the cadres of the organization structure. The three basic works in the communication services continued on a parallel level. Installation of telephone and telegraph plants in necessary places preemptively, a military communication network which is covering the Akcay Gulf and the entire Thrace region from the Istanbul Headquarters and Muvasala Headquarters by using communication transmission system and materials has been established. Maintenance and repair services, which constitute the second basic service in communication services, have been carried out with utmost care. Over a year of service, all the personnels showed extraordinary sacrifices and provided communication at all costs. Technically, many maps, sketches, schemes and lists related to the communication network have been prepared professionally and nothing has been left to chance and it has been observed and recorded.As a result, with the announcement of the mobilization, communicatinon services during the defense which is started from take over of Çanakkale Fortune District Command and resulted in the victory of 18 March 1915 passed a very successful test. The communication network covering the northern and southern parts of the Gallipoli Peninsula and the Rumelian and Asian sides of the Gallipoli Peninsula provided excellent service during the land battles which lasted about eight and a half months. First communication then battle doctrine has been experienced in Canakkale War and has been succesful again. 217

İlk mobil haberleşme sistemi 1980'lerde hayatımıza girmiştir. Analog sistemler üzerine kurulu ilk nesilden sonra ikinci nesil sistemlerle birlikte mobil şebeke üzerinden ses trafiğine ek olarak veri trafiğinin taşınmasına da başlanmıştır. Üçüncü nesil sistemlerle birlikte artan bant genişliği ve veri hızları mobil cihazlardan multimedya servislere erişimi mümkün kılmıştır. Bu gelişmeler mobil kullanıcı ve cihaz sayısını büyük bir hızla arttırmıştır.Dördüncü nesil sistemlerle birlikte sağlanan yüksek hızlı bağlantı imkanıyla birlikte bu artış hızı daha da yükselmiştir. Müşteri tarafındaki artan mobil cihaz ve kapasite ihtiyacı, mobil operatörler tarafında gün geçtikçe yönetimi zorlaşan, sistem kaynaklarını kullanıcılar arasında paylaştırma sorununu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Günümüzde internet trafiğinin büyük çoğunluğunu yüksek çözünürlüklü video, IPTV, çevrimiçi oyun, sosyal medya gibi uygulamalar oluşturmaktadır. Müşteriler artık sabit genişbant ağları kullanmayı azaltarak onun yerine mobil genişbant ağları kullanmaya yönelmektedir. Yakın gelecekte hayatımıza dahil olması beklenen beşinci nesil mobil haberleşme sistemleriyle birlikte nesnelerin interneti (Internet of Things - IoT) teknolojisi mobil şebekeden kaynak talebinde bulunacak mobil cihaz sayısını daha da arttırcaktır.Kullanıcılara yüksek veri hızı sağlamanın yanı sıra, bu hızı adaletli bir şekilde sağlamak da bir o kadar önemlidir. Müşterilerden sadece küçük bir kesiminin yüksek veri hızlarına ulaşmaları sistem kaynaklarının verimli kullanılması açısından iyi olsa da, bu durum genel müşteri memnuniyeti açısından kabul edilebilir bir durum değildir. Bu noktada radyo kaynaklarının kullanıcılara en verimli şekilde paylaştırılmasının önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır.Radyo kaynaklarının paylaştırılması için çeşitli zamanlama algoritmaları geliştirilmiştir. Ancak mobil cihaz sayısındaki artışın radyo kaynakları tarafındaki artış hızının çok üzerinde olması yeni algoritma ihtiyaçlarına sebep olmaktadır. Zamanlama algortimalarının tasarımındaki en büyük zorluklardan biri olarak kullanıcılar arasındaki adalet ve sağlanan veri hızınının birlikte maksimize edilmesi gösterilebilir.Bahsedilen bu gereksinimler doğrultusunda bu çalışmada, algoritmalar arasında en yüksek veri hızını sağlayan Best CQI algoritmasının adalet ölçütünün arttırılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak; kaynak tahsis edilecek kullanıcının seçiminde, karar mekanizması geçmiş kaynak kullanımı bilgisinin de eklenmesiyle yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Elde edilen algoritma ile adalet ölçütünün önemli derecede arttırılmasıyla beraber veri hızındaki üstünlük de korunmuştur. The first generation of mobile communication systems was developed during the seventies and launched 1980s. They all have in common that the user traffic, which is voice is transmitted with analog Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA). The new thing with second-generation systems was that they supported both voice and data traffic with digital Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). With the increase in demand for multimedia and broadband services, the next step has been the third generation communication systems. The video was also conveyed over the mobile network with voice and data transmission. The third generation system for Release 99 (3G - Third Generation), High Speed Downlink Packet Access (3.5 G), High Speed Uplink Packet Access (3.5 G), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) various versions such as High Speed Packet Access + (3.9 G) have been developed. The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has standardized Long Term Evolution (LTE) to make a structure for 3G evolution towards 4G. LTE is an all-IP packet based system which is aims supporting high data rates, low latency, improved system capacity. In order to achieve these targets, it employs some technologies such as Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), Multiple-Input And Multiple-Output (MIMO), and Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ).OFDMA is a multiple-access modulation scheme based on resources in the time and frequency domains. The smallest resource in the frequency domain is subcarriers and the smallest unit in the time domain is slot. For scheduling, the smallest unit is resource block (RB), which occupies 12 subcarriers in frequency domain, and 1ms in time domain.The uplink transmission technique, SC-FDMA. is realized in a similar manner as for the downlink (OFDM) and is also called Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFTS-OFDM). The time domain structure is also similar in uplink and downlink. SC-FDMA has much lower Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) than OFDM. This is one the reasons for the choice of SC-FDMA for the uplink since the power amplifier in the user equipment (UE) can be manufactured lower cost then.MIMO refers to the use of multiple antennas for transmission and reception in a cell. Multiple antenna configurations are expressed in the form mxn MIMO, where m represents the number of transmit antennas and n represents the number of receive antennas. For example, downlink 2x2 MIMO means that the eNodeB uses two antennas for transmission and the UE uses two antennas for reception;downlink 4x4 MIMO means that the Evolved NodeB (eNodeB) uses four antennas for transmission and the UE uses four antennas for reception.A Medium Access Control (MAC) HARQ layer with fast feedback provides a means for quickly correcting most errors trom the radio channel. To achieve low delay and efficient use of radio resources the HARQ operates with a native error rate which is sufficient only for services with moderate error rate requirements such as, for instance, VolP. Lower error rates are achieved by letting an outer Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) layer in the eNodeB handle the HARQ errors.Schedulers are located at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The basic function of a scheduler is to allocate appropriate system resources to UEs in each subframe for uplink and downlink transmissions, without which the UEs would be unable to transmit and receive data.In digital communications systems, modulation is the process of varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier with a digital baseband signal to convey information using the carrier. A higher-order modulation scheme is one that modulates more bits of information into each modulation symbol, resulting in higher overall spectral efficiency of LTE networks. However, a higher modulation order also requires better channel quality for the receiver to be able to maintain a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) that is high enough to allow for accurate demodulation of the signal. The UE measures its current channel situation to calculate Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) and then sends feedback to the eNodeB. Finally, the eNodeB relates this CQI index to prefer a specific level of MCS and designates RBs accordingly for this UE.In the downlink, data is terminated in UEs instead of eNodeBs. Therefore, eNodeBs cannot measure the downlink SINR for evaluating downlink channel quality. UEs report channel quality indicators (CQIs) to eNodeBs to indicate the downlink channel quality of services from the eNodeBs. The eNodeBs then determine which modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to use based on these CQIs. CQI values include 0 to 15. The larger the CQI value, the better the channel quality.Modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) are selected during scheduling. Each MCS represents a specific combination of a modulation scheme and a channel code rate. Scheduling is the process where the scheduler allocates RBs and selects MCSs for UEs.Common modulation schemes include downlink and uplink quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), downlink and uplink 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM), and downlink 64QAM. To meet the demand for the ever increasing data rates required for today's services, 3GPP has also introduced uplink 64QAM and downlink 256QAM. If channel quality is good enough, these modulation schemes help increase uplink and downlink transmission efficiency for UEs.eNodeBs use different MCSs to ensure transmission efficiency and the quality of UE services. If the channel quality is good, an eNodeB selects an MCS with a high-order modulation scheme combined with a high code rate. If the channel quality is poor, the eNodeB selects one with a low-order modulation scheme and a low code rate (the code rate is higher if fewer redundant bits are inserted). A CQI table maps CQI indexes to modulation schemes.The development of mobile communication systems has also triggered an increase in the number of users. With the high-speed connection, this rate of increase has risen. Decent use of resources is critical to achieving targeted data rates and improving service quality. The scheduling of resource allocation is a radio resource management problem. Various algorithms have been developed for scheduling of resources. The basic scheduling algorithms in the literature are Round Robin (RR), Best CQI and Proportional Fair (PF).In this thesis, it is aimed to develop a scheduling algorithm which may be an alternative to the existing scheduling algorithms in the literature. A new scheduling algorithm that balances the performance between fairness and throughput is proposed. By the proposed scheduling algorithm, it is aimed to increase the fairness index which can be considered the most negative aspect of Best CQI algorithm.The number of resource blocks that mobile devices have reached in the past has been used in the decision mechanism. Performance metrics compared with Best CQI, PF, and RR.The proposed algorithm is better than the Best CQI algorithm in terms of fairness. At the same time, it has been achieved to allocate resources to users who have never reached the resources. According to the results of the simulation, the criteria of throughput fairness increased together with the distribution fairness criteria. 59

Более 140 лет назад был изобретен телефон – событие, которое не только ознаменовало начало новой эры в области электросвязи, но и коренным образом изменило жизнь всего человечества. Общепринято считать "отцом телефонии" А. Г. Белла. Однако мало кто знает имена многих ученых, и особенно отечественных, работы которых предшествовали этому изобретению, а также тех, кто довел телефонную технику до совершенства. Русские специалисты совершили немало важных открытий в телефонном деле. Приведенные в статье факты позволяют по-новому взглянуть на историю развития телефонии в России, правильно оценить роль личности и коллектива в техническом прогрессе, соотнести их с историей страны и мирового сообщества., More than 140 years ago, the telephone was invented an event that not only marked the beginning of a new era in telecommunications, but also radically changed the life of all mankind. It is generally accepted to be considered the “father of telephony” by A. G. Bell. However, few people know the names of many scientists, especially domestic, whose work preceded this invention, as well as those who brought telephone technology to perfection. Russian specialists have made many important discoveries in telephony. The facts cited in the article make it possible to take a new look at the history of telephony development in Russia, correctly assess the role of a person and team in technical progress and relate them to the history of the country and the world community.

Client communication is a core clinical skill that is taught as part of the required curriculum at many veterinary colleges. Although much client communication occurs face-to-face, telephone communication is used to provide patient updates, relay results of diagnostic tests, and check on discharged patients. This research explored fourth year veterinary medical students&rsquo, telephone communication skills. We recorded and analyzed the transcripts of 25 calls students made to clients of three different services in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Additionally, we explored the perspectives of veterinary educators by distributing a survey to university faculty and house officers (n = 57). Results indicate that students excelled at identifying the patient and purpose of the call and incorporating professional language and clear explanations. They require development in providing structure and incorporating core communication skills. Compared with our survey results, the student findings are at odds with clinicians&rsquo, expectations of students&rsquo, communication abilities. We conclude that additional training is required to familiarize students with expectations regarding telephone communication, including reviewing the case thoroughly, preparing to answer questions and provide explanations, following organizational protocol, and incorporating open ended questions, reflective listening, and empathy. This data will inform design, and help to measure the impact, of telephone communication education and training that will be incorporated into the existing veterinary communication curriculum.

Introduction and objectives The relationship between early cancer stage and patient outcome is well recognised. It is suggested that streamlined diagnostic pathways could improve this. UK cancer targets are being redefined by publication ‘Achieving World Class Cancer Outcomes’. This includes the target of 95% of patients being definitely diagnosed or excluded of cancer and the results communicated to the patient within 28 days by 2020. The National Optimal Lung Cancer Pathway (NOLCP) was published in 2017 defining a timed framework for lung cancer investigation to meet this goal. WUTH introduced an IT driven local version of the NOLCP in October 2017. Using radiology requests from primary care it is a paperless system linking primary care with secondary care radiology, respiratory and outpatient booking services (including endoscopy). A daily consultant virtual clinic forms diagnostic plan from CT scan (day 0), all further diagnostic investigations are pre-arranged (including PET) and where required first method of contact is telephone communication from lung CNS. Information is linked real time to primary care. Methods Post NOLCP implementation comparison study of pathway timescales over 3 months (January- March 2018) with 3 month baseline September-November 2014 (traditional one-stop clinic) Results Total patients- 210, 69/210 triage to cancer OPD, 61/210 discharged to primary care, 70/210 downgraded with cancer excluded, 4 referred to other tumour group. Those triaged to cancer clinic 34/69 (49%) confirmed lung cancer, 11/69 (16%) other malignancy, 24/69 benign (total 65% conversion to malignancy). Time from virtual review to formal cancer OPD- mean 5.8 days (target 5 days). Time Flagged CXR (or CT request) to MDT discussion (target 21 days)- 23.9 days (median 22), comparison 2014–38.9 days (median 32). 85% patients informed of treatment plan within 28 days (2014%–39%) Conclusion Three months following adoption of electronic trackable NOLCP and virtual clinic we have seen shortened diagnostic timeframe by average of 15 days and are on target to meet the 95% target by 2020. We are now completing real-time audit for areas of delay. We feel that 28 day target is achievable even outside tertiary centers.

Dear SirIt was interesting to see the focus on simulation-based teaching in the recent issue of Medical Teacher. As final year medical students at the University of Bristol, we have experienced a c...

ObjectivesVisibility of tobacco products at the point of sale (PoS), in settings where open display of tobacco is allowed, is one of the last remaining ways in which the tobacco industry can legally promote their products. The aim of this study was to map the visibility of tobacco products and advertisement both inside and outside retailers, among different types of retailers.SettingThe study was conducted in two districts in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ParticipantsAll potential tobacco retailers were visited within the districts, and were mapped using Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates.InterventionObservational data was collected for each tobacco retailer using a checklist with characteristics of the internal and external visibility of tobacco products and advertisement. Retailers were categorised into supermarkets, hospitality industry, tobacconists and ‘other retailers’ (convenience stores, office supply stores, gas stations, drug stores and telephone communication stores). Data were collected in April-May 2017.ResultsEighty-two tobacco retailers were identified. Among all retailers, 52.4% had external and 91.5% internal visibility of tobacco products. Tobacconists had the highest level of internal and external visibility of tobacco products (both 100%), followed by ‘other retailers’ (100% and 56% respectively) and supermarkets (79% and 47%, respectively). Retailers in the hospitality industry had low external visibility (28%), but high internal visibility (90%), as 83% sold tobacco through vending machines.ConclusionVisibility of tobacco products was high among all types of retailers, including those previous studies show are commonly visited by youth.

International audience; Aims: The aim of this study was (i) to document the main features of surgery nurses' telephone calls, with a special focus on newcomers' calls; and (ii) to identify the main activities accomplished during the newcomers' calls.Design: Mixed methods study.Methods: We audio recorded telephone calls internal to the hospital in two surgery nursing stations. We performed statistical descriptive analysis of the total collection of calls and of those specifically involving the newcomers and compared both sets. We also performed conversation analysis‐based coding of the main activities accomplished during newcomers' calls.Results: Surgery nurses' telephone calls are extremely brief, predominantly nurse initiated and take place with a wide range of interlocutors who, for the most part, use mobile phones. The newcomers' calls are only slightly longer, take place with a more limited, but still wide, range of interlocutors and are even more often nurse initiated. The main activities of newcomers' calls are requests and activities related to connecting relevant interlocutors.

Evidence from human medicine shows a rise in telephone communication in support of after-hours services and in providing medical advice, follow-up information, etc. While specific training programs are continuously being developed for human medical education, limited publications are available on training veterinary students in telephone communication. Presented is our method of introducing a telephone communication skills exercise to third-year veterinary students. The exercise progressed over three phases and currently follows the principles of the Calgary–Cambridge Guide. Challenges and improvements on implementing a telephone communication exercise are discussed. Within veterinary communication curricula, attention should be given to the specific communication skills required for successful telephone consultations. In the absence of visual nonverbal cues and prompts during a telephone interaction, communication skills must be applied with greater intent and attention to achieve an effective consultation outcome.

The objective of the present paper is to evaluate telemedicine sessions involving onboard medical specialists on trip and medical specialist at coastal bases upon using different hardware and operation modes. It is found that the standard shipborne hardware and the videoconference platform POLYCOM allow real-time communication at an acceptable sound and image quality only when distances between ships and coastal bases are small. BGAN INMARSAT portable satellite-mediated communication station and INMARSAT communication channel provide for better sound and image quality at greater distances, but with a 15-minute delay. The complimentary employment of telephone communication makes it possible to obtain advices from qualified specialists residing at coastal bases.

BACKGROUND: Automated telephone communication systems (ATCS) can deliver voice messages and collect health‐related information from patients using either their telephone's touch‐tone keypad or voice recognition software. ATCS can supplement or replace telephone contact between health professionals and patients. There are four different types of ATCS: unidirectional (one‐way, non‐interactive voice communication), interactive voice response (IVR) systems, ATCS with additional functions such as access to an expert to request advice (ATCS Plus) and multimodal ATCS, where the calls are delivered as part of a multicomponent intervention. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of ATCS for preventing disease and managing long‐term conditions on behavioural change, clinical, process, cognitive, patient‐centred and adverse outcomes. SEARCH METHODS: We searched 10 electronic databases (the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE; Embase; PsycINFO; CINAHL; Global Health; WHOLIS; LILACS; Web of Science; and ASSIA); three grey literature sources (Dissertation Abstracts, Index to Theses, Australasian Digital Theses); and two trial registries (www.controlled‐trials.com; www.clinicaltrials.gov) for papers published between 1980 and June 2015. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised, cluster‐ and quasi‐randomised trials, interrupted time series and controlled before‐and‐after studies comparing ATCS interventions, with any control or another ATCS type were eligible for inclusion. Studies in all settings, for all consumers/carers, in any preventive healthcare or long term condition management role were eligible. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane methods to select and extract data and to appraise eligible studies. MAIN RESULTS: We included 132 trials (N = 4,669,689). Studies spanned across several clinical areas, assessing many comparisons based on evaluation of different ATCS types and variable comparison groups. Forty‐one studies evaluated ATCS for delivering preventive healthcare, 84 for managing long‐term conditions, and seven studies for appointment reminders. We downgraded our certainty in the evidence primarily because of the risk of bias for many outcomes. We judged the risk of bias arising from allocation processes to be low for just over half the studies and unclear for the remainder. We considered most studies to be at unclear risk of performance or detection bias due to blinding, while only 16% of studies were at low risk. We generally judged the risk of bias due to missing data and selective outcome reporting to be unclear. For preventive healthcare, ATCS (ATCS Plus, IVR, unidirectional) probably increase immunisation uptake in children (risk ratio (RR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18 to 1.32; 5 studies, N = 10,454; moderate certainty) and to a lesser extent in adolescents (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.11; 2 studies, N = 5725; moderate certainty). The effects of ATCS in adults are unclear (RR 2.18, 95% CI 0.53 to 9.02; 2 studies, N = 1743; very low certainty). For screening, multimodal ATCS increase uptake of screening for breast cancer (RR 2.17, 95% CI 1.55 to 3.04; 2 studies, N = 462; high certainty) and colorectal cancer (CRC) (RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.88 to 2.55; 3 studies, N = 1013; high certainty) versus usual care. It may also increase osteoporosis screening. ATCS Plus interventions probably slightly increase cervical cancer screening (moderate certainty), but effects on osteoporosis screening are uncertain. IVR systems probably increase CRC screening at 6 months (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.48; 2 studies, N = 16,915; moderate certainty) but not at 9 to 12 months, with probably little or no effect of IVR (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.99, 1.11; 2 studies, 2599 participants; moderate certainty) or unidirectional ATCS on breast cancer screening. Appointment reminders delivered through IVR or unidirectional ATCS may improve attendance rates compared with no calls (low certainty). For long‐term management, medication or laboratory test adherence provided the most general evidence across conditions (25 studies, data not combined). Multimodal ATCS versus usual care showed conflicting effects (positive and uncertain) on medication adherence. ATCS Plus probably slightly (versus control; moderate certainty) or probably (versus usual care; moderate certainty) improves medication adherence but may have little effect on adherence to tests (versus control). IVR probably slightly improves medication adherence versus control (moderate certainty). Compared with usual care, IVR probably improves test adherence and slightly increases medication adherence up to six months but has little or no effect at longer time points (moderate certainty). Unidirectional ATCS, compared with control, may have little effect or slightly improve medication adherence (low certainty). The evidence suggested little or no consistent effect of any ATCS type on clinical outcomes (blood pressure control, blood lipids, asthma control, therapeutic coverage) related to adherence, but only a small number of studies contributed clinical outcome data. The above results focus on areas with the most general findings across conditions. In condition‐specific areas, the effects of ATCS varied, including by the type of ATCS intervention in use. Multimodal ATCS probably decrease both cancer pain and chronic pain as well as depression (moderate certainty), but other ATCS types were less effective. Depending on the type of intervention, ATCS may have small effects on outcomes for physical activity, weight management, alcohol consumption, and diabetes mellitus. ATCS have little or no effect on outcomes related to heart failure, hypertension, mental health or smoking cessation, and there is insufficient evidence to determine their effects for preventing alcohol/substance misuse or managing illicit drug addiction, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV/AIDS, hypercholesterolaemia, obstructive sleep apnoea, spinal cord dysfunction or psychological stress in carers. Only four trials (3%) reported adverse events, and it was unclear whether these were related to the interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: ATCS interventions can change patients' health behaviours, improve clinical outcomes and increase healthcare uptake with positive effects in several important areas including immunisation, screening, appointment attendance, and adherence to medications or tests. The decision to integrate ATCS interventions in routine healthcare delivery should reflect variations in the certainty of the evidence available and the size of effects across different conditions, together with the varied nature of ATCS interventions assessed. Future research should investigate both the content of ATCS interventions and the mode of delivery; users' experiences, particularly with regard to acceptability; and clarify which ATCS types are most effective and cost‐effective.

Aim To determine which aspects of primary nurse-patient telephone communication are viewed positively or negatively in terms of meeting the older persons’ needs. Background Health professionals are increasingly being called on to develop different ways of working and increase their capacity to meet the needs of an ageing population. In some countries telephone communication between primary nurses and patients in General Practice is already seen as a routine practice, but determining the value of this type of communication as a specific health service needs more understanding. Design A qualitative exploratory study as the aim was to explore the older person's experiences. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 older people from General Practices in New Zealand during 2014-2015. Thematic analysis was informed by a constructivist grounded theory approach. Findings The overarching theme was the difficulties older people face in making decisions about whether to contact a health professional by telephone and whether this should be the Primary nurse. Accounting for some of their symptoms as age related added to the uncertainty of decision making. Importantly some older people were not raising concerns e.g. emotional state. Conclusion Decision making by older people around treatment seeking is complex. Increasing the awareness of the nurse role in the General Practice is integral to creating a health system which will meet the needs of a growing older population. Primary care practices can review their systems to better inform older people how the nurse telephone role as a specific health service works and what they can expect when using this service. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

La inadecuada comunicación entre los diferentes locales docentes, administrativos y residenciales, Campus II de la Universidad de Granma, motivó la realización de la presente investigación que tuvo como objetivo brindar una solución de comunicación telefónica basada en la interconexión de dos pizarras telefónicas mediante un enlace IP, la cual posibilita una nueva herramienta de trabajo de los universitarios. Para la realización práctica del proyecto se utilizó varios métodos que permitieron la profundización teórica La solución de comunicación consta de 2 nuevas pizarras telefónicas Panasonic KX-TDE 100, las mismas resuelven las necesidades del cliente y se ajustan al presupuesto planificado para dicha inversión. Esta aprovecha la fibra óptica existente en dicha sede y mediante la cual se realiza un enlace punto a punto entre dos optimux 108 para enlazar las pizarras mediante un flujo E1 con la red pública. Además, se realizó un estudio y cálculo de la cantidad de recursos necesarios para la instalación de las pizarras telefónicas. Al término de la investigación se concluyó que con esta solución de comunicación se logra cubrir la solicitud del cliente y permite que las personas que radican en la sede puedan realizar sus llamadas telefónicas de forma eficiente. Palabras claves: Campus, solución de comunicación, pizarras telefónicas, presupuesto, optimux, fibra óptica, red pública Solution of the telephone communication as a tool for working of the students of Campus II of the university of Granma Abstract The unproper communication among the different academic, admisnistrative and recidentials rooms, Campus II in the University of Granma, Cuba gave path to make of this research that had as a goal to grant a solution for the communication based on the interconection of two telephone boards, which make posible a new tool of communication. For the practicalof the project It was used several methods that permited to deepen in the theoretical aspects. The solution of the communication is made up of two newly Panasinic boards KX-TDE 100, which solve the needs of the users and they are fitted to the budget for the investment. It takes advantages the optical fiber by means of which it is made a link point to point between optimux 108 to linked the boards thruogh a flow E1 with the public network. It was also made a study calculus of the necessary for installing the telephone boards. It was concluded that with solution of communication it is achieved the to satisfy the application of the users and it permits that the persons of the Campus can make use of the communication tools. Keywords: Campus, communication of solution, telephony board, budget optimux, optical fiber, public network

Due to technological advances, new means of obtaining information have been brought up to the field of criminal procedure, among them, the interception of telephone communication. Law 9.296/96 has introduced new actors on to the probative subsystem that play a direct part on the production/gathering of information that may be taken in consideration by the judge. The inexistence of proper procedural regulation that delimitates the manner in which such investigation must be carried out, the defense finds grave difficulty to try and trace the source of the proof. Fearing the risks associated with the production of defective evidence, the present study focuses on the importance of the chain of custody as a mean to track and assure the reliability of set information. With the purpose of knowing the rite to obtain the data through telephone interception and the verifying its credibility, a theoretical-bibliographic study was carried out and combined with an analysis of the statistics on means of investigation of proof provided by the CNJ and, finally, followed by an analysis of the technology systems developed to carry out the interception of communications measure., As mudanças tecnológicas levaram ao processo penal novas formas de obtenção de informações, dentre elas, a interceptação das comunicações telefônicas. A Lei no 9.296/96 introduziu, nesse subsistema probatório, novos atores, que não existiam no sistema penal tradicional, os quais interferem diretamente na produção da informação valorável pelo julgador. A lei é silente quanto à forma de execução da medida, bem como do rastreamento da informação, relegando tal tarefa às empresas de tecnologia da informação. Temendo os riscos associados a uma possível produção de evidências defeituosas, o presente trabalho versa sobre a importância da cadeia de custódia como garantia de rastreabilidade e fiabilidade. Com o intuito de conhecer o rito para obtenção da informação por meio da interceptação telefônica e da constatação a respeito de sua idoneidade, aliou-se um estudo teórico-bibliográfico à análise dos dados sobre esse meio de obtenção de prova fornecidos pelo CNJ, seguida de análise dos sistemas de tecnologia da informação desenvolvidos para execução da medida de interceptação das comunicações.

Tematem niniejszego artykułu jest komunikacja telefoniczna w życiu społeczności getta warszawskiego. Moim celem jest ukazanie – głównie na podstawie źródeł autobiograficznych – w jakich sytuacjach mieszkańcy „dzielnicy zamkniętej” korzystali z telefonów, na jakie tematy rozmawiali. Poddaję analizie to, jak ich aktywność na tym polu zmieniała się w różnych okresach przymusowej izolacji, od jej początków aż do wybuchu powstania w getcie, i rozważam, w jaki sposób możliwość komunikowania się przy użyciu telefonu wpływała na codzienną egzystencję tej grupy ludności Warszawy

The research background was based on the existence of internet facility through PLIK program on line, had made the community entered to the global information network. The society has a facility to access and gain various information, data, knowledge and networking unlimitedly via telephone communication and internet. But the implementation program in reality is differed. This research used case study method to the PLIK organizer which spread in town/regency in West Java. The aim of Research is to knot The implementaion , the obstacle and the Solutions of PLIK dissemination. The result of this research showed that the implementation can be categorized done by PLIK organizer to overcome the obstacles. They did a report to local government, to PLIK operator into three types. They are passive PLIK, stagnant PLIK and creative PLIK

Few English for Medical Purposes studies focus on the spoken communication between doctors in the professional setting. This study examined the effectiveness of telephone calls from International Medical Graduate (IMG) doctors to a more senior doctor as part of simulation training to increase patient safety and well-being. We adopted genre analysis to examine 12 telephone consultations about a critically ill patient made by junior IMG doctors to a senior doctor. With the assistance of the senior doctor informant, two successful calls were identified and analysed functionally for their generic structure and linguistic features. Feedback comments from the senior doctor on all the calls were transcribed and analysed thematically. The findings from the genre analysis of the successful calls as well as from the senior doctor feedback informed the development of an analytical tool to examine the less effective calls. Insights from the senior doctor highlight the institutional, professional, and situational variables contributing to the effective calls. A generic structure of nine stages was identified for the effective calls. In the less effective calls, the findings show difficulties with sequencing, realisation of stages, and interactional management with shifts from workplace discourse to apprenticeship discourse features. Implications of the findings for EMP course design are discussed.

ObjectivePrevious studies in cardiac patients noted that early patient follow-up with general practitioners (GPs) after hospital discharge was associated with reduced rates of hospital readmissions. We aimed to identify patient, clinical and hospital factors that may influence GP follow-up of patients discharged from a tertiary cardiology unit.DesignSingle centre retrospective cohort study.SettingAustralian metropolitan tertiary hospital cardiology unit.Participants1079 patients discharged from the hospital cardiology unit within 3 months from May to July 2016.Outcome measuresGP follow-up rates (assessed by telephone communication with patients’ nominated GP practices), demographic, clinical and hospital factors predicting GP follow-up.ResultsWe obtained GP follow-up data on 983 out of 1079 (91.1%) discharges in the study period. Overall, 7, 14 and 30-day GP follow rates were 50.3%, 66.5% and 79.1%, respectively. A number of patient, clinical and hospital factors were associated with early GP follow-up, including pacemaker and defibrillator implantation, older age and having never smoked. Documented recommendation for follow-up in discharge summary was the strongest predictor for 7-day follow-up (pConclusionAfter discharge from a cardiology admission, half of the patients followed up with their GP within 7 days and most patients followed up within 30 days. Patient and hospital factors were associated with GP follow-up rates. Identification of these factors may facilitate prospective interventions to improve early GP follow-up rates.

Implementation Lessons 1. Mobile telephony use in the hospital setting is complex and sub-optimal implementation of mobile communication technology can create inefficiencies in clinical workflow 2. Objective measurement of mobile technology's impact on clinical communication workflow is necessary to identify and remediate associated inefficiencies in real-time 3. Functionality between mobile applications and devices should be evaluated when implementing technology, particularly when an application is non-native to a device 4. Continual collaboration between front-line clinicians and technical teams allows for early identification of adverse impacts from, and optimization of, mobile communication technology implementation.

With an increasing demand for genetic services, effective and efficient delivery models for genetic testing are needed.In this prospective single-arm communication study, participants received clinical BRCA1/2 results by telephone with a genetic counselor and completed surveys at baseline, after telephone disclosure (TD) and after in-person clinical follow-up.Sixty percent of women agreed to participate; 73% of decliners preferred in-person communication. Anxiety decreased from baseline to post-TD (p=0.03) and satisfaction increased (p0.01). Knowledge did not change significantly from baseline to post-TD, but was higher post-clinical follow-up (p=0.04). Cancer patients had greater declines in state anxiety and African-American participants reported less increase in satisfaction. 28% of participants did not return for in-person clinical follow-up, particularly those with less formal education, and higher post-disclosure anxiety and depression (p0.01).Telephone disclosure of BRCA1/2 test results may not be associated with negative cognitive and affective responses among willing patients, although some subgroups may experience less favorable responses. Some patients do not return for in-person clinical follow-up and longitudinal outcomes are unknown.Further evaluation of longitudinal outcomes of telephone disclosure and differences among subgroups can inform how to best incorporate telephone communication into delivery of genetic services.

A global index of communication quality is considered as a linear discriminant function developed previously for channel-switching systems. This index is proposed for use in packet-switched systems. We formulate three problems of the E-model modification used for assessing the quality of Internet telephone and video telephone communication.

Introduction Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) patients “boarding” in ICUs other than the designated home unit have been shown to suffer increased rates of complications. We hypothesized that ICU rounding practices are different when SICU patients are housed in home vs. boarding ICUs. Material and methods SICU rounds were observed at an academic quaternary medical center. Individual patient rounding time and order seen on rounds along with patient data and demographics were recorded. Multivariable regression analysis was used for comparison between patients. Results Non-boarders were older, observed on a later post ICU admission day and were more likely to be mechanically ventilated. Boarded patients were often seen at the end of rounds and for less time. Not being a boarder, age, APACHE II score on admission, vasopressor use, and positive pressure ventilation all predicted increased rounding time. Conclusions Surgical ICU patients boarding in non-preferred units are often seen at the end of rounds, result in a greater reliance upon telephone communication, and receive less bedside attention from ICU provider teams.