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This article discusses the power of words and their impact on society throughout history. It highlights examples such as Father Charles Coughlin's hate-filled radio sermons in the 1930s, which incited violence against Jews, and Mississippi officials' use of words to perpetuate white supremacy in the 1950s and 1960s. The article also explores the historical context of language used in 19th-century press coverage of land use policies and the role of words in shaping public opinion on climate policy. Lastly, it tells the story of Tel Ra Productions, a Philadelphia-based film production company that played a significant role in capturing sports on film for early television. The author emphasizes the importance of documenting and retelling historical events truthfully and honestly to prevent the repetition of past wrongs. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the transformative impact of Title IX on organized sports in the United States, emphasizing the increased equity in funding and participation for women in college athletics. It explores the historical context, challenges, and achievements of women athletes, particularly focusing on the early years of the women's basketball program at the University of Illinois from 1974 to 1982.

On June 12th 2019, in the middle of the UK Conservative party's leadership contest, journalist Marie le Conte tweeted 'so this is my first proper leadership contest as an actual Westminster person and honestly it's such a hoot...huge fan of the drama'. This tweet is exemplary of a wider phenomenon. Politics is the activity through which power and resources are allocated across society – who gets what, when and how. Politics, and what it does to all of our lives, is consequential. Yet, despite this, many of those who pay the most attention to politics do so from the position of a fan, engaging with it in the way that others engage with entertainment forms like sport and television shows. Previous studies have paid attention to the fandoms and anti-fandoms that develop around individual politicians and movements – in other words, they maintain a focus on the behaviours and actions of these fans of politics. By contrast, in this paper we explore the construction of politics itself as an object of fandom, asking what happens to politics when it is treated in this way. The activity of politics can be socially constructed by humans to serve some purpose. Thus, who does the constructing and how they do this, affects what it becomes. Our claim is that constructing politics as an object of fandom (i.e. constructing it as 'the drama') affects politics itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tracks the activities of Hungarian Television's Executive Committee, elected during the October 1956 revolution, which played a key role in the establishment of said television. The work of the Executive Committee included the development of a new television programme policy and structure, as well as the first transmissions of sports events, operas and theatrical performances, the renewal of newscasts and the introduction of entertainment and scientific programmes. It had a long-lasting impact and provided a solid basis for the future operation of Hungarian television. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the significance of individual-level brand management in the sports industry. It emphasizes the need for strategic approaches to brand creation and management in the growing and commercialized global sports industry. The article presents various studies that examine different aspects of individual-level sport brands, including marketing strategies for elite disability sport athletes, athlete perspectives on product innovations, the impact of personal life and romantic relationships on brand perception, self-branding strategies employed by Black British sportswomen, and consumers' perceptions of athlete brands in relation to social and political advocacy. The article introduces the Individual-Level Sport Brand Management Framework (ISBMF) to better understand the development and management of individual-level sport brands, and discusses external factors that influence the sport brand ecosystem. It concludes by highlighting the importance of brand relationships between individual-level and organizational-level brands in shaping brand perceptions. The text also discusses the concept of Individual and Individual-Level Sport Brands (ILSBs) and their relationships with other brands within and beyond the world of sports. It emphasizes the role of star athletes, managers, owners, and other individuals in shaping the perception and success of ILSBs. The text also highlights the importance of communication content and distribution in managing ILSB brands, including the use of frontstage, backstage, and offstage content. It concludes by suggesting future research directions and the need to consider the evolving landscape of technology and external factors in managing ILSB brands. [Extracted from the article]

Sports literature, or literary or literary-like writings that dealt with sports, especially "football", is one of the marginalized writings that did not occupy a seat in the center of literary writings, despite it being - football - the first sport in the world, in terms of wrapping The masses around it, the interest of different institutions and sectors in it, and its occupation of the fore in journalistic or various sports writings that went beyond newspapers, news channels, and specialized classes to its penetration in cinema, documentaries, and even literature specialized in sociology, psychology, economics, politics, tourism, and the arts. The positioning of football literature in the margins places it in the category of "crowd culture" or "marginal literature", despite the centrality of football in reality. That is why I decided in this paper to look into the discussions of this subject in the press and in literary, critical, cultural and other writings, in order to find out the location of this sport in the interest of authors, writers and intellectuals in general, and to monitor the size of the substantive overlaps that those interested in it stopped at, and formulated for it from the compositions what takes it out of the realm of sports into Literature, culture and criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Cup is among the most popular televised sport events. This case study examined how enjoyment from and transportation into World Cup broadcasts affected WhatsApp use on a second screen. The authors hypothesized a negative correlation between World Cup enjoyment and WhatsApp use (both match related and unrelated), mediated by transportation into the match. Based on an online survey of 454 participants, they found that the more enjoyment the viewers experienced, the less they used WhatsApp for non-match-related purposes and (contrary to their hypothesis) the more they used it for match-related purposes. It was also found that the more enjoyment viewers experienced, the more transported they were into the match, leading to higher match-related and lower non-match-related WhatsApp use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the frequency with which the regional broadcasts of the 30 Major League Baseball (MLB) teams featured traditional and modern/advanced statistics. To understand these portrayals, 60 games, two from each MLB team, were coded. The coded content consisted of any on-screen graphic featuring one or multiple baseball statistics, as well as any comment from the broadcasters about statistics. The results indicated a clear spectrum of teams, with some featuring a high level of advanced metrics in their graphics and commentary, while some were substantially more traditional. Through the lens of framing, potential ramifications for statistical knowledge within different fan bases were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1930 and 1943 over 400 public radio receiver installations were erected by Japan's national broadcaster in public parks around Japan. They were intended to bring radio broadcasting, during this period the voice of the state, to a wider audience and to play a part in Japan's home-front mobilisation efforts. The majority of installations seem to have been destroyed during or shortly after World War Two but roughly 40 are known to be extant, these have yet to receive systematic attention from either Japanese or foreign academics, they thus offer a fresh focus for research into the relationships between the interwar Japanese state and the listening publics. This paper aims primarily to draw attention to the existence of these little—known objects, it also offers a sketch of the media landscape into which they emerged, and covers two significant contemporary social developments—the growth of coordinated mass sport and exercise, and the 'year 2600' celebrations of 1940—which contributed to the spread of radio towers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on European Sport Economics Association (ESEA) establishing the Peter Sloane Award (PSA) in 2019. Topics include analytical approach in which football teams maximize playing success subject to minimum losses has had continued support in the literature; and evaluating the proposals to provide a recommendation as to who should receive the award.

Drawing on hegemonic masculinity and critical mass theory, this study investigates the representation of women board members in sport governing bodies (SGB) and the extent to which boards can be assigned to subgroups based on the number and share of women board members. The study examines the organisational characteristics of SGBs with low, medium, and high representation of women on the board. Data were gathered from the websites of German national and state sport associations and federations (n = 930), including information about the size and gender composition of the board and several organisational characteristics (e.g. type of sport, headquarter location, membership figures). On average, SGBs have 1.8 women on the board reflecting a share of 20.1%. Three groups of SGBs emerged from the cluster analysis: Organisations with low (0.08 women; share of women: 0.3%), medium (1.63; 18.4%), and high representation of women (3.87; 42.6%) on the board. These clusters differ significantly regarding organisational characteristics. Specifically, SGBs with low representation of women have on average smaller boards and represent non-Olympic sports or 'typically masculine' sports. Sport federations are more frequently represented in the clusters with medium and high representation of women on the board. SGBs in the third cluster represent 'typically feminine' sports like dancing or equestrian and have the most women and youth memberships. The findings help sport policy makers target respective groups of organisations with interventions to implement gender policies and explain the important role of such policies for attracting new women board members or gaining legitimacy from public institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic review of empirical studies that used quantitative, qualitative, or a mixed-methods approach to content analysis sports betting advertising was conducted. Study attributes were examined including the main findings, key themes, research design, focus of analysis, type of interpretation, use of theory, media type, inter-coder reliability measures, and recommendations for future studies. The findings showed that the studies (N=15) were all published relatively recently (since 2012), predominantly focused on the content of television advertisements, and there was a general lack of reporting on inter-coder reliability. The narratives most commonly identified within sports betting advertisements were friendship and humour. Advertisements were found to be embedded into professional sports games, and this type of advertising occurred more frequently when compared to commercial advertising during televised sporting events. In order to enhance the sports betting advertising literature, researchers need to ensure that they are meeting scientific standards, especially when it comes to reliability measures. Such studies can add to an understanding of how sports betting advertisements are presented to the public and infer what the potential impact of the availability and exposure of these advertisements may be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While major sporting mega-events have begun to feature equitable amounts of coverage, portrayals of male and female athletes can reinforce gender stereotypes about sports. It is important to examine viewer preferences for broadcasts featuring male and female athletes to determine if viewing choices reflect stereotypical sporting beliefs and behaviors. Drawing on gender schema theory and social dominance orientation, this study examines viewing behaviors during sports broadcasts that vary by the sex of the athlete and the perceived gender of the sport. Results show that viewers tend to spend more time watching sports broadcasts that reinforce rather that challenge existing stereotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective - This paper focuses on analyzing the significance of sports footwear brands by processing large text data from the Internet. In a modern environment, the brand distinguishes a company's products or services from those of its competitors. A strong brand can help build trust with customers as they perceive the brand as reliable and trustworthy. Methodology/Technique - The study uses NLP (Natural Language Processing) methods to analyze rich text content on the Internet. The research focus is based on the application of innovative methods to determine the importance and value of a brand using NLP techniques by analyzing the content of a large corpus of text originating from websites dealing with sports footwear brands. The NLP analysis models were programmed using the low-code analysis tool KNIME. Findings - The analysis is carried out for the most well-known sports footwear brands such as Nike, Adidas, Puma, Under Armour, Reebok and Asics. The research object refers to the analysis of brand significance and the evaluation of consumer opinions on sports footwear, based on the processing of large text data from the internet. Novelty - The research results are based on an innovative approach to measuring and evaluating the brand significance in sports footwear using NLP methods to analyze large text content from the Internet. The results obtained show that this new approach to metrics and evaluation can significantly improve existing methods of brand evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sport & Tourism Central European Journal / Sport i Turystyka Srodkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe is the property of Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: There has always been a need to conduct studies to understand the underlying game characteristics of kabaddi sport, but the number of studies is insufficient. Hence the researcher took a novel approach to conduct the current research on Pro Kabaddi league tournament. Aim of study: The study aimed to enhance the existing knowledge, to understand the game characteristics, and evaluate the significance of the observed parameters concerning the ranking of a team in the tournament. Methods: Data from 653 matches were taken in this study from the official website of the Pro Kabaddi League, which was held for seven seasons. A total of 22 variables was formulated for the study. Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlation were calculated using IBM SPSS Version 25.0. Results: Attack variables, total raids (819.44 ± 182.67), total raid points (353.43 ± 105.26), average raid points (18.19 ± 2.57), all out conceded (22.88 ± 6.79), total point conceded (616.93 ± 157.99), rate of successful raids (34.04 ± 5.59), rate of empty raids (43.35±5.78), etc., and defence variables, total tackles (445.99 ± 106.53), total tackle points (185.66 ± 49.01), average tackle points (9.62 ± 1.17), all out inflicted (22.88 ± 9.21), rate of successful tackles (38.08 ± 5.17), etc. were calculated. Two attack variables and six defense variables exhibited significant correlation with the result variable, i.e., ranking after league matches. Conclusions: The results revealed that the defense variables might have contributed more to achieving top ranking in the Pro Kabaddi league tournament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational dissent is ubiquitous in task-oriented groups, including sports teams and leagues. Yet, how and to whom that dissent is voiced and the responses to dissent can vary extensively. This study investigates how professional athletes enact displaced dissent and how the public reacts via sentiment analysis of Trevor Bauer's YouTube channel. Findings identified 53 triggering agents that were consistent with those of subordinates in traditional workplaces. A novel triggering agent of external stakeholder management was also identified, which addressed Major League Baseball's focus and consideration for its public, their interest in baseball, and relationships with athletes. Bauer expressed his dissent via 94 messages, mainly featuring a combination of rhetorically effective strategies and emotional release. Sentiment analysis of commenters' 1,612 replies revealed rhetorically competent messages were either unassociated with or enhanced negative sentiment, but positive sentiment was created through entertainment (i.e. humor and pressure), inclusion (i.e. coalition building), and shared ideals (i.e. inspiration). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of NEU Journal of Faculty of Architecture (NEU-MFD) / YDÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of NEU Journal of Faculty of Architecture (NEU-MFD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Capoeira is an Afro-Brazilian fight-game with live music, historically practiced in Brazil since colonial times. Over the years, capoeira activities have been archived in a variety of art forms, from ethnographic drawings to documentary photography and motion pictures, many of which carry racist connotations. Contrary to this trend, in this article, we take a closer look at a series of modern capoeira drawings by Carybé, published in the 1951's book Jogo da Capoeira. Widely reproduced and appropriated, these drawings continue to inform how we imagine capoeira today and, in 2014, was included in the recognition of capoeira as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. Our examination pays close attention to few overlapping game tactics or attitudes related to fight, play, dance, sports and drama. In short, we argue that Carybé's artistic depictions of capoeira post have been instrumental to the recognition of this Afro-centric practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the sociocultural context of China, this study applies a textual analysis to the coverage of Paralympic champions on China Central Television's sports channel from 2008 to 2019. Three discursive themes through which Paralympic champions are portrayed are identified. When viewing Paralympic sports through the lens of social model and critical perspectives, the portrayal of para-athletes as national heroes represents Paralympic champions as a commendable group that contributes to the establishment of the national identity and reputation, while the supercrip portrayal of these champions as superhumans connects them to non-disabled society. Their depiction as self-reliant figures establishes a role model for retired athletes in the Chinese context, meanwhile also advocating a logic of independence from state-sponsored welfare across divergent fields related to disability. Thus, disabled persons are incorporated into discursive systems directed by the state, media, and society in the interactions among politics, social norms, and the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of my pet peeves when watching televised sports is when the commentators declare that one or another player or team "has momentum" or that "the momentum has shifted." Typically, this statement is made shortly after a team or player does something that puts them in a better position to win the game, and the implication seems to be that this change in momentum will carry someone to victory. But there are at least two problems with this all-too-typical sportscaster pronouncement. One is that "momentum" is a mathematically well-defined notion in physics, where it means the mass of an object multiplied by its velocity; linear momentum is also a vector quantity, and has both a magnitude and a direction. It is this complexity that allows momentum and changes in momentum—in conjunction with an account of the various forces at work on the object—to explain the object's trajectory. A well-kicked football has momentum in the physics sense, but it is quite unclear how the "momentum" of a player or a team might be calculated, to say nothing of the various forces at work on the player or team's movement through the playing of a game. Hence both the determination of a player or team's "momentum," and the use of that "momentum" in explaining or predicting the outcome of a game, necessarily remain at the level of metaphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cultural-interpretive essay offers critical commentary on Koreanness, racial ideology, hegemonic racial power, and racialized cultural taste with the aim of interpreting the sport–music nexus by examining a case of the interface between music and sport: The authors focus on the case of the Olympic ice dance that the South Korean team performed for the Korean traditional folk song Arirang at the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. The authors argue that music and sport can be understood as a semiological system that shapes non-Whites' ideological belief system. In addition, this essay engages with a discussion of cultural classification that often racializes skaters of color as the aforementioned are informed by Orientalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deploys a qualitative media content analysis to examine discourses linking sport, head injury, and longer term neurocognitive decline. It draws on a seminal British television documentary and associated print media coverage to demonstrate that the representation of sport-related brain injury is intricately connected to both conceptions of risk in sport and a wider social response to aging and dementia. The article augments existing North American analyses to provide the first cross-cultural comparison of this phenomenon and, in doing so, illustrates how the social prominence of cultural representations of sport-related brain injury relates in part to the distinct characteristics of the sport-related phenomenon, which extend and amplify both the broader cultural crisis of concussion in sport and existing representations of dementia. The study is therefore important because it provides a unique perspective on both a key contemporary sporting issue and this global health concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inhibitory control may be vital in elite sport. The authors examined the link between athletic expertise, inhibitory control, and sport performance in a two-part quasi experiment. Inhibitory control was indexed using the Stop-Signal Task, athlete expertise was categorized on literary recommendations, and sport performance was assessed using athlete and coach ratings. Study 1 examined cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of inhibitory control across athletic expertise. Study 2 investigated whether the inhibitory control-sport performance relationship was moderated by expertise. Study 1 showed that expertise was linked to greater inhibitory control cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Study 2 revealed that expertise was related to superior performance on the Stop-Signal Task and athlete and coach performance ratings, and this relationship was moderated by athletic expertise. Inhibitory control relates to sport performance, increases with greater athlete expertise, and develops longitudinally. Long-term participation in sport may bring about changes in inhibitory control, which may lead to improved sport performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain has long been associated with sports participation, being analyzed variously as a physical phenomenon, as well as a sociocultural construct in sport sociological literature. In this article, the authors employ a sociological–phenomenological approach to generate novel insights into the underresearched domain of "lived" pain in competitive swimming. Analytic attention is paid to specific aspects of pain, including "discomfort" and "good pain," and how these sensations can be positively experienced and understood by the swimmers, as well as forming an integral part of the everyday routines of competitive swimming. Here, training is seen as "work" in the pursuit of athletic improvement. Discomfort and good pain thus become perceived as by-products of training, providing swimmers with important embodied information on pace, energy levels, and other bodily indicators of performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Hutchins and Rowe have emphasized, digital plenitude will fundamentally affect sports broadcasting. In particular, niche sports will be confronted with a more difficult media environment in which the chances of being telecast may increase, while the chances of finding an audience are likely to decrease. Therefore, niche sports face the need to further submit to a media logic. The current research is a case study involving an analysis of the 2018 European Championships from a mediatization perspective. While the findings show how aggregation helped to revitalize audience interest, the case study reveals that the future of niche-sport broadcasting is uncertain, because the audience habits that the European Championships exploited are fading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is common to hear the claim that referees in sporting events are doing their jobs well so long as they are, quite simply, being fair to both sides in a competitive event. It will be the purpose of this article to analyze this claim. I will argue that being fair to both sides is, in fact, a necessary condition for good sport officiating, but it is not sufficient. My interlocutors in the article will be J.S. Russell and Mitchell Berman, whose magisterial articles on the philosophy of sport officiating and on the relationship between sport and law rightly emphasize that rules are not all that a referee has to work with while officiating a sporting event. The point to my article is to highlight a feature of rules that is compatible with Russell's and Berman's view that rules are not sufficient: that rules are nonetheless necessary. My thesis is novel because counterintuitive: a referee who is fair to both sides can nonetheless advantage one side over another in a sporting event if the rules (whether de jure or de facto) are not followed. Compelling examples from basketball and baseball and North American football will be used to support my stance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Live events are central to television production. Live sporting events, in particular, reliably draw big audiences, even though more consumers unsubscribe from cable to stream content on-demand. Traditionally, the mediated production of these sporting events have used technical and production crews working together onsite at the event. But technological advances have created a new production model, allowing the production crew to cover the event from a broadcast production hub, miles away, while the technical crew still works from the event itself. These remote integration model productions have been implemented around the world and across all forms of sports broadcasting, following a push for economic efficiency--fundamental in a capitalist system. This manuscript is a commentary on the effects of the COVID-19 global crisis on sports productions, with a focus on remote integration model productions. More specifically, the authors argue that the number of remote sports productions will grow exponentially faster, due to the pandemic, than they would have under normal economic circumstances. The consequences on sport media education and research are further discussed, and a call for much needed practice-based sports production research is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The American sports television industry has scrambled to adjust to the loss of live sporting events in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic--a scramble clearly evidenced in programming schedules suddenly filled with replays of older event telecasts. However, rather than focusing on the apparent novelty of this type of substitute coronavirus programming, this article, instead, argues that the loss of live sporting events represents the amplification of a problem that television networks have already been grappling with for years: how to fill an ever greater number of outlets with sufficient year-round programming given a finite number of live events. With that in mind, this article proposes that many of the programming strategies that networks have turned to in the midst of the pandemic, including the expanded coverage of transactions (e.g., coverage of National Football League free agency) and the increased scheduling of documentaries (e.g., The Last Dance), have been familiar extensions of previously established alternative programming solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its relative obscureness in the United States, Australian football has graced American airwaves since the 1990s. The outbreak of COVID-19 in the spring of 2020 paved the way for the Australian Football League to be one of the only professional sports leagues broadcasting games live on American television. Although the Australian Football League would later suspend the season, for at least one weekend, Australian football was the most popular sport in the United States. This short essay pulls from news articles, social media posts, and existing literature to explore this unique time in the American sports landscape by investigating the response to Australian football from fans, the response from media outlets, and the future directions of Australian football in the United States. The increase in exposure could help the Australian Football League become the next big spectator sport in the United States as well as help grow the game at a local, grassroots level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in restrictions on gatherings of large crowds, the suspension of live sport events across the globe, and the relegation of topical televised sport to broadcasts of past events and competitions. Consequently, there has been a shift in focus from the entertainment aspect of sport to the health and well-being aspects of sport. As athletes, teams, and sport organizations have become subject to government legislation concerning physical distancing, self-isolation, and lockdowns, the resultant spare time has presented the opportunity for individual athletes and sport organizations to pursue an approach to social media that includes viral challenges, fundraising, and socializing online. This paper provides a commentary on select high-profile athletes' and sport organizations' social media behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has adopted an altruistic tone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning in early March 2020, sport in the United States entered an unprecedented period of hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The postponement, suspension, and cancellation of live sporting events impacted every professional and amateur sport organization, from the National Basketball Association to the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, high school sports to college football, and even esports leagues. Although the abrupt cancellation of live sporting events was disruptive, it did create opportunities for the production of new media and consumption opportunities for sport leagues, teams, and their fans through different types of sport media broadcasts. This commentary examines how the U.S. sport industry developed media content strategies using new, mixed, and rebroadcasted content, across multiple broadcast and streaming platforms, to provide sport consumption opportunities to fans who were largely quarantined at home. This research contributes to the existing scholarship on live and rebroadcasted mediated content, while providing guidance to content owners and rights holders facing uncertainty in the marketplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This suggests that fandom may either dismiss or embrace the construction of sports media ideas; therefore, the sports media industry accommodates fandom's participation in the construction of live and real competition. Nonetheless, fandom is not deterministically opposed to sports media; rather, fandom, in collaboration with the sports media industry, creates broad expectations for sports media. The preceding chapters investigate how the live and real competition genres are constructed and represented in the sports media industry, as well as athlete expression, identity representation, and fandom. [Extracted from the article]