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249 results on '"T. O’Dwyer"'

51. Watch-and-wait versus surgical resection for patients with rectal cancer - Authors' reply

Author: Nigel Scott, Andrew G Renehan, Lee Malcomson, Sarah T O'Dwyer, and Richard Emsley
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Surgical resection, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Colorectal cancer, Rectal Neoplasms, General surgery, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine.disease, Neoadjuvant Therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, Humans, business, Neoadjuvant therapy
Published: 2016

52. Classification of and cytoreductive surgery for low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms

Author: Shantanu Rout, Sarah T O'Dwyer, Bipasha Chakrabarty, Andrew G Renehan, Paul E Fulford, Malcolm S Wilson, Jay R. McDonald, and Kanwal A Sikand
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Lumen (anatomy), Abdominal cavity, Young Adult, Humans, Medicine, Pseudomyxoma peritonei, Prospective Studies, Watchful Waiting, Peritoneal Neoplasms, Aged, Tumor marker, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Middle Aged, Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, medicine.disease, Debulking, Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous, Appendicitis, Appendix, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Appendiceal Neoplasms, Female, Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, business
Abstract: Background Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is a precursor lesion for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), which, if treated suboptimally, may later disseminate throughout the abdominal cavity. The role of cytoreductive surgery for these relatively early lesions is unclear. Methods Clinicopathological details and treatment outcomes of patients with a LAMN and disease limited to the appendix or immediate periappendiceal tissues, referred to a national treatment centre between 2002 and 2009, were evaluated prospectively. Results Of 379 patients with a diagnosis of PMP, 43 (median age 49 years) had LAMNs localized to the appendix and periappendiceal tissue. Thirty-two patients initially presented with symptoms of acute appendicitis or right iliac fossa pain. Two distinct lesions were identified: type I (disease confined to the appendiceal lumen) and type II (mucin and/or neoplastic epithelium in the appendiceal submucosa, wall and/or periappendiceal tissue, with or without perforation). Type I lesions were managed by a watch-and-wait surveillance policy with serial measurement of tumour markers and computed tomography in 14 of 16 patients. Seventeen of 27 patients with type II lesions underwent risk-reducing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with low morbidity. After a median follow-up of 40 months, there was no disease progression in either treatment pathway. Conclusion This study identified two LAMN subtypes. Type II lesions have pathological features of increased risk for dissemination and should be considered for risk-reducing cytoreductive surgery.
Published: 2012
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53. The dark side of T1 non-appendiceal small bowel neuroendocrine tumors

Author: Sarah T O'Dwyer, Daisuke Nonaka, Angela Lamarca, Mairéad G McNamara, Richard A Hubner, Zena Salih, Annamaria Minicozzi, Juan W. Valle, Bipasha Chakrabarty, Paul E Fulford, and Nicola de Liguori-Carino
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Intestinal Neoplasm, Neuroendocrine tumors, medicine.disease, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Appendiceal neoplasms, Neuroendocrine Tumors, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Appendiceal Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Intestinal Neoplasms, Humans, Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business
Published: 2017
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54. Initial management through the anal cancer multidisciplinary team meeting

Author: Andrew G Renehan and Sarah T O'Dwyer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Family medicine, Gastroenterology, medicine, Anal cancer, Multidisciplinary team, medicine.disease, business
Published: 2011
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55. Management of Local Disease Relapse

Author: Andrew G Renehan and Sarah T O'Dwyer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Gastroenterology, medicine, Local disease, Intensive care medicine, business
Published: 2011
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56. Complementary medicine use in patients with head and neck cancer in Ireland

Author: John Kinsella, T. O’Dwyer, Conrad A. Timon, Fergal Glynn, G. O’Leary, Mohamed Amin, and Steven Rowley
Subjects: Adult, Complementary Therapies, Male, Conventional medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Therapeutic Touch, Alternative medicine, Young Adult, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Spirituality, Statistical analysis, In patient, Aged, Marital Status, business.industry, Religion and Medicine, Head and neck cancer, Cancer, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, Surgery, Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms, Cross-Sectional Studies, Otorhinolaryngology, Family medicine, Utilization Review, Educational Status, Female, Complementary medicine, business, Ireland
Abstract: The objectives of the study were: first, to determine the prevalence of traditional medicine (TM) and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in head and neck cancer patients in Ireland; second, to educate ourselves on the plethora of CAM/TM options available to patients outside the dominion of conventional medicine. The study design consisted of a cross-sectional survey carried out in three head and neck cancer centres. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 110 head and neck cancer patients attending the three cancer centres and data were collected for statistical analysis. A total of 106 patients completed the questionnaire; 21.7% of the participants used CAM/TM since their diagnosis with head and neck cancer. CAM/TM usage was higher in female (34.3%) than in male patients (16.2%). CAM/TM use was more common in the 41-50-year age group, in patients with higher educational levels and those holding strong religious beliefs, and also in married than single patients. The most common types of CAM/TM used were spiritual and laying on of hands. The most common reasons reported for using CAM/TM were to counteract the ill effects of treatment and increase the body's ability to fight cancer. Sources of information on CAM/TM were friends (65%), family (48%) and media (21%). This survey reveals a high prevalence of CAM/TM use in head and neck cancer patients, hence emphasising the need for otolaryngologists to educate themselves on the various therapies available to be able to provide informative advice. There is an urgent need for evidence-based investigation of various CAM/TM therapies currently offered to patients.
Published: 2010
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57. Treatments and Outcomes of Peritoneal Surface Tumors Through a Centralized National Service (United Kingdom)

Author: Shantanu Rout, M. Parkinson, Malcolm S Wilson, Paul E Fulford, Andrew G Renehan, Mark P Saunders, and Sarah T O'Dwyer
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Ascites, medicine, Humans, Pseudomyxoma peritonei, Combined Modality Therapy, Life Tables, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Referral and Consultation, Survival rate, Peritoneal Neoplasms, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Aged, 80 and over, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Gastroenterology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, Surgery, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Effusion, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment of peritoneal surface malignancies with combined cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy may improve oncologic outcome. To better define treatment pathways, five-year results in patients referred to one of two centralized national treatment centers in the United Kingdom were analyzed. METHODS: A prospective database of patients referred to the Manchester Peritoneal Tumor Service, established in 2002, was analyzed. Outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier life tables and Cox models. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-eight patients (median age, 56.9 (range, 16-86) years) were considered by a dedicated multidisciplinary team and tracked on seven clinical pathways. Among the 118 surgically treated, the most common diagnosis was pseudomyxoma peritonei (101 patients, 86%). Major complications occurred in 11 patients (9%); there was no 30-day mortality. Where complete cytoreduction was achieved, three-year and five-year tumor-related survival rates were 94% and 86%, respectively. In the Cox model, incompleteness of cytoreduction (P = 0.001) and high-grade tumor (P < 0.0001) were independent prognosticators of poor outcome. CONCLUSION: The establishment of a national treatment center has allowed refinement of techniques to achieve internationally recognized results. Having achieved low levels of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of mainly pseudomyxoma peritonei of appendiceal origin, the technique of cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy may be considered for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin.
Published: 2009
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58. A phase II study evaluating the use of concurrent mitomycin C and capecitabine in patients with advanced unresectable pseudomyxoma peritonei

Author: Shantanu Rout, Malcolm B Taylor, Mark P Saunders, Sarah T O'Dwyer, Gary Witham, Andrew G Renehan, Ric Swindell, Adam L Farquharson, Nagarajan Pranesh, and Malcolm S Wilson
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, CA-19-9 Antigen, Mitomycin, medicine.medical_treatment, Phases of clinical research, chemotherapy, Deoxycytidine, Gastroenterology, Capecitabine, Internal medicine, Clinical Studies, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Humans, Pseudomyxoma peritonei, Survival rate, Peritoneal Neoplasms, mitomycin C, Aged, Chemotherapy, pseudomyxoma peritonei, business.industry, capecitabine, Mitomycin C, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous, Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Surgery, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Oncology, Fluorouracil, CA-125 Antigen, Quality of Life, Female, business, Progressive disease, medicine.drug
Abstract: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare neoplastic process characterised by progressive intra-abdominal dissemination of mucinous tumour, and generally considered resistant to systemic chemotherapy. A phase II study in patients with advanced unresectable PMP was undertaken to evaluate the combination of systemic concurrent mitomycin C (7 mg m(-2) i.v. on day 1) and capecitabine (1250 mg m(-2) b.d. on days 1-14) in a 3-weekly cycle (MCap). Response was determined by semiquantitative assessment of disease volume on serial computed tomographic (CT) scans and serum tumour marker (CEA, CA125, CA19-9) changes at 12 weeks. Between 2003 and 2006, 40 patients were recruited through a national centre for the treatment of peritoneal surface tumours. At baseline, 23 patients had progressive disease and 17 had stable disease. Of 39 assessable patients, 15 (38%, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 25, 54%) benefited from chemotherapy in the form of either reductions in mucinous deposition or stabilisation of progressive pretreatment disease determined on CT scan. Notably, two patients, originally considered unresectable, following MCap and re-staging underwent potentially curative cytoreductive surgery. Grade 3/4 toxicity rates were low (6%, 95% CIs: 4, 9%). Twenty out of 29 assessed patients (69%, 95% CIs: 51, 83%) felt that their Global Health Status improved during chemotherapy. This is the first trial to demonstrate an apparent benefit of systemic chemotherapy in patients with advanced unresectable PMP.
Published: 2008
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59. Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

Author: Klionsky, D.J. Abdelmohsen, K. Abe, A. Abedin, M.J. Abeliovich, H. Arozena, A.A. Adachi, H. Adams, C.M. Adams, P.D. Adeli, K. Adhihetty, P.J. Adler, S.G. Agam, G. Agarwal, R. Aghi, M.K. Agnello, M. Agostinis, P. Aguilar, P.V. Aguirre-Ghiso, J. Airoldi, E.M. Ait-Si-Ali, S. Akematsu, T. Akporiaye, E.T. Al-Rubeai, M. Albaiceta, G.M. Albanese, C. Albani, D. Albert, M.L. Aldudo, J. Algül, H. Alirezaei, M. Alloza, I. Almasan, A. Almonte-Beceril, M. Alnemri, E.S. Alonso, C. Altan-Bonnet, N. Altieri, D.C. Alvarez, S. Alvarez-Erviti, L. Alves, S. Amadoro, G. Amano, A. Amantini, C. Ambrosio, S. Amelio, I. Amer, A.O. Amessou, M. Amon, A. An, Z. Anania, F.A. Andersen, S.U. Andley, U.P. Andreadi, C.K. Andrieu-Abadie, N. Anel, A. Ann, D.K. Anoopkumar-Dukie, S. Antonioli, M. Aoki, H. Apostolova, N. Aquila, S. Aquilano, K. Araki, K. Arama, E. Aranda, A. Araya, J. Arcaro, A. Arias, E. Arimoto, H. Ariosa, A.R. Armstrong, J.L. Arnould, T. Arsov, I. Asanuma, K. Askanas, V. Asselin, E. Atarashi, R. Atherton, S.S. Atkin, J.D. Attardi, L.D. Auberger, P. Auburger, G. Aurelian, L. Autelli, R. Avagliano, L. Avantaggiati, M.L. Avrahami, L. Azad, N. Awale, S. Bachetti, T. Backer, J.M. Bae, D.-H. Bae, J.-S. Bae, O.-N. Bae, S.H. Baehrecke, E.H. Baek, S.-H. Baghdiguian, S. Bagniewska-Zadworna, A. Bai, H. Bai, J. Bai, X.-Y. Bailly, Y. Balaji, K.N. Balduini, W. Ballabio, A. Balzan, R. Banerjee, R. Bánhegyi, G. Bao, H. Barbeau, B. Barrachina, M.D. Barreiro, E. Bartel, B. Bartolomé, A. Bassham, D.C. Bassi, M.T. Bast, R.C., Jr. Basu, A. Batista, M.T. Batoko, H. Battino, M. Bauckman, K. Baumgarner, B.L. Bayer, K.U. Beale, R. Beaulieu, J.-F. Beck, G.R., Jr. Becker, C. Beckham, J.D. Bédard, P.-A. Bednarski, P.J. Begley, T.J. Behl, C. Behrends, C. Behrens, G.M.N. Behrns, K.E. Bejarano, E. Belaid, A. Belleudi, F. Bénard, G. Berchem, G. Bergamaschi, D. Bergami, M. Berkhout, B. Berliocchi, L. Bernard, A. Bernard, M. Bernassola, F. Bertolotti, A. Bess, A.S. Besteiro, S. Bettuzzi, S. Bhalla, S. Bhattacharyya, S. Bhutia, S.K. Biagosch, C. Bianchi, M.W. Biard-Piechaczyk, M. Billes, V. Bincoletto, C. Bingol, B. Bird, S.W. Bitoun, M. Bjedov, I. Blackstone, C. Blanc, L. Blanco, G.A. Blomhoff, H.K. Boada-Romero, E. Böckler, S. Boes, M. Boesze-Battaglia, K. Boise, L.H. Bolino, A. Boman, A. Bonaldo, P. Bordi, M. Bosch, J. Botana, L.M. Botti, J. Bou, G. Bouché, M. Bouchecareilh, M. Boucher, M.-J. Boulton, M.E. Bouret, S.G. Boya, P. Boyer-Guittaut, M. Bozhkov, P.V. Brady, N. Braga, V.M.M. Brancolini, C. Braus, G.H. Bravo-San-Pedro, J.M. Brennan, L.A. Bresnick, E.H. Brest, P. Bridges, D. Bringer, M.-A. Brini, M. Brito, G.C. Brodin, B. Brookes, P.S. Brown, E.J. Brown, K. Broxmeyer, H.E. Bruhat, A. Brum, P.C. Brumell, J.H. Brunetti-Pierri, N. Bryson-Richardson, R.J. Buch, S. Buchan, A.M. Budak, H. Bulavin, D.V. Bultman, S.J. Bultynck, G. Bumbasirevic, V. Burelle, Y. Burke, R.E. Burmeister, M. Bütikofer, P. Caberlotto, L. Cadwell, K. Cahova, M. Cai, D. Cai, J. Cai, Q. Calatayud, S. Camougrand, N. Campanella, M. Campbell, G.R. Campbell, M. Campello, S. Candau, R. Caniggia, I. Cantoni, L. Cao, L. Caplan, A.B. Caraglia, M. Cardinali, C. Cardoso, S.M. Carew, J.S. Carleton, L.A. Carlin, C.R. Carloni, S. Carlsson, S.R. Carmona-Gutierrez, D. Carneiro, L.A.M. Carnevali, O. Carra, S. Carrier, A. Carroll, B. Casas, C. Casas, J. Cassinelli, G. Castets, P. Castro-Obregon, S. Cavallini, G. Ceccherini, I. Cecconi, F. Cederbaum, A.I. Ceña, V. Cenci, S. Cerella, C. Cervia, D. Cetrullo, S. Chaachouay, H. Chae, H.-J. Chagin, A.S. Chai, C.-Y. Chakrabarti, G. Chamilos, G. Chan, E.Y.W. Chan, M.T.V. Chandra, D. Chandra, P. Chang, C.-P. Chang, R.C.-C. Chang, T.Y. Chatham, J.C. Chatterjee, S. Chauhan, S. Che, Y. Cheetham, M.E. Cheluvappa, R. Chen, C.-J. Chen, G. Chen, G.-C. Chen, G. Chen, H. Chen, J.W. Chen, J.-K. Chen, M. Chen, M. Chen, P. Chen, Q. Chen, Q. Chen, S.-D. Chen, S. Chen, S.S.-L. Chen, W. Chen, W.-J. Chen, W.Q. Chen, W. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, Y.-G. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y.-J. Chen, Y.-Q. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, Z. Cheng, A. Cheng, C.H.K. Cheng, H. Cheong, H. Cherry, S. Chesney, J. Cheung, C.H.A. Chevet, E. Chi, H.C. Chi, S.-G. Chiacchiera, F. Chiang, H.-L. Chiarelli, R. Chiariello, M. Chieppa, M. Chin, L.-S. Chiong, M. Chiu, G.N.C. Cho, D.-H. Cho, S.-G. Cho, W.C. Cho, Y.-Y. Cho, Y.-S. Choi, A.M.K. Choi, E.-J. Choi, E.-K. Choi, J. Choi, M.E. Choi, S.-I. Chou, T.-F. Chouaib, S. Choubey, D. Choubey, V. Chow, K.-C. Chowdhury, K. Chu, C.T. Chuang, T.-H. Chun, T. Chung, H. Chung, T. Chung, Y.-L. Chwae, Y.-J. Cianfanelli, V. Ciarcia, R. Ciechomska, I.A. Ciriolo, M.R. Cirone, M. Claerhout, S. Clague, M.J. Cl� ria, J. Clarke, P.G.H. Clarke, R. Clementi, E. Cleyrat, C. Cnop, M. Coccia, E.M. Cocco, T. Codogno, P. Coers, J. Cohen, E.E.W. Colecchia, D. Coletto, L. Coll, N.S. Colucci-Guyon, E. Comincini, S. Condello, M. Cook, K.L. Coombs, G.H. Cooper, C.D. Cooper, J.M. Coppens, I. Corasaniti, M.T. Corazzari, M. Corbalan, R. Corcelle-Termeau, E. Cordero, M.D. Corral-Ramos, C. Corti, O. Cossarizza, A. Costelli, P. Costes, S. Cotman, S.L. Coto-Montes, A. Cottet, S. Couve, E. Covey, L.R. Cowart, L.A. Cox, J.S. Coxon, F.P. Coyne, C.B. Cragg, M.S. Craven, R.J. Crepaldi, T. Crespo, J.L. Criollo, A. Crippa, V. Cruz, M.T. Cuervo, A.M. Cuezva, J.M. Cui, T. Cutillas, P.R. Czaja, M.J. Czyzyk-Krzeska, M.F. Dagda, R.K. Dahmen, U. Dai, C. Dai, W. Dai, Y. Dalby, K.N. Valle, L.D. Dalmasso, G. D'amelio, M. Damme, M. Darfeuille-Michaud, A. Dargemont, C. Darley-Usmar, V.M. Dasarathy, S. Dasgupta, B. Dash, S. Dass, C.R. Davey, H.M. Davids, L.M. Dávila, D. Davis, R.J. Dawson, T.M. Dawson, V.L. Daza, P. de Belleroche, J. de Figueiredo, P. de Figueiredo, R.C.B.Q. de la Fuente, J. De Martino, L. De Matteis, A. De Meyer, G.R.Y. De Milito, A. De Santi, M. de Souza, W. De Tata, V. De Zio, D. Debnath, J. Dechant, R. Decuypere, J.-P. Deegan, S. Dehay, B. Del Bello, B. Del Re, D.P. Delage-Mourroux, R. Delbridge, L.M.D. Deldicque, L. Delorme-Axford, E. Deng, Y. Dengjel, J. Denizot, M. Dent, P. Der, C.J. Deretic, V. Derrien, B. Deutsch, E. Devarenne, T.P. Devenish, R.J. Di Bartolomeo, S. Di Daniele, N. Di Domenico, F. Di Nardo, A. Di Paola, S. Di Pietro, A. Di Renzo, L. Di Antonio, A. Díaz-Araya, G. Díaz-Laviada, I. Diaz-Meco, M.T. Diaz-Nido, J. Dickey, C.A. Dickson, R.C. Diederich, M. Digard, P. Dikic, I. Dinesh-Kumar, S.P. Ding, C. Ding, W.-X. Ding, Z. Dini, L. Distler, J.H.W. Diwan, A. Djavaheri-Mergny, M. Dmytruk, K. Dobson, R.C.J. Doetsch, V. Dokladny, K. Dokudovskaya, S. Donadelli, M. Dong, X.C. Dong, X. Dong, Z. Donohue, T.M., Jr. Donohue-Jr, T.M. Doran, K.S. D'orazi, G. Dorn, G.W., II Dosenko, V. Dridi, S. Drucker, L. Du, J. Du, L.-L. Du, L. du Toit, A. Dua, P. Duan, L. Duann, P. Dubey, V.K. Duchen, M.R. Duchosal, M.A. Duez, H. Dugail, I. Dumit, V.I. Duncan, M.C. Dunlop, E.A. Dunn, W.A., Jr. Dupont, N. Dupuis, L. Durán, R.V. Durcan, T.M. Duvezin-Caubet, S. Duvvuri, U. Eapen, V. Ebrahimi-Fakhari, D. Echard, A. Eckhart, L. Edelstein, C.L. Edinger, A.L. Eichinger, L. Eisenberg, T. Eisenberg-Lerner, A. Eissa, N.T. El-Deiry, W.S. El-Khoury, V. Elazar, Z. Eldar-Finkelman, H. Elliott, C.J.H. Emanuele, E. Emmenegger, U. Engedal, N. Engelbrecht, A.-M. Engelender, S. Enserink, J.M. Erdmann, R. Erenpreisa, J. Eri, R. Eriksen, J.L. Erman, A. Escalante, R. Eskelinen, E.-L. Espert, L. Esteban-Martínez, L. Evans, T.J. Fabri, M. Fabrias, G. Fabrizi, C. Facchiano, A. Færgeman, N.J. Faggioni, A. Fairlie, W.D. Fan, C. Fan, D. Fan, J. Fang, S. Fanto, M. Fanzani, A. Farkas, T. Faure, M. Favier, F.B. Fearnhead, H. Federici, M. Fei, E. Felizardo, T.C. Feng, H. Feng, Y. Feng, Y. Ferguson, T.A. Fernández, Á.F. Fernandez-Barrena, M.G. Fernandez-Checa, J.C. Fernández-López, A. Fernandez-Zapico, M.E. Feron, O. Ferraro, E. Ferreira-Halder, C.V. Fesus, L. Feuer, R. Fiesel, F.C. Filippi-Chiela, E.C. Filomeni, G. Fimia, G.M. Fingert, J.H. Finkbeiner, S. Finkel, T. Fiorito, F. Fisher, P.B. Flajolet, M. Flamigni, F. Florey, O. Florio, S. Floto, R.A. Folini, M. Follo, C. Fon, E.A. Fornai, F. Fortunato, F. Fraldi, A. Franco, R. Francois, A. François, A. Frankel, L.B. Fraser, I.D.C. Frey, N. Freyssenet, D.G. Frezza, C. Friedman, S.L. Frigo, D.E. Fu, D. Fuentes, J.M. Fueyo, J. Fujitani, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Fujiya, M. Fukuda, M. Fulda, S. Fusco, C. Gabryel, B. Gaestel, M. Gailly, P. Gajewska, M. Galadari, S. Galili, G. Galindo, I. Galindo, M.F. Galliciotti, G. Galluzzi, L. Galluzzi, L. Galy, V. Gammoh, N. Gandy, S. Ganesan, A.K. Ganesan, S. Ganley, I.G. Gannagé, M. Gao, F.-B. Gao, F. Gao, J.-X. Nannig, L.G. Véscovi, E.G. Garcia-Macía, M. Garcia-Ruiz, C. Garg, A.D. Garg, P.K. Gargini, R. Gassen, N.C. Gatica, D. Gatti, E. Gavard, J. Gavathiotis, E. Ge, L. Ge, P. Ge, S. Gean, P.-W. Gelmetti, V. Genazzani, A.A. Geng, J. Genschik, P. Gerner, L. Gestwicki, J.E. Gewirtz, D.A. Ghavami, S. Ghigo, E. Ghosh, D. Giammarioli, A.M. Giampieri, F. Giampietri, C. Giatromanolaki, A. Gibbings, D.J. Gibellini, L. Gibson, S.B. Ginet, V. Giordano, A. Giorgini, F. Giovannetti, E. Girardin, S.E. Gispert, S. Giuliano, S. Gladson, C.L. Glavic, A. Gleave, M. Godefroy, N. Gogal, R.M., Jr. Gokulan, K. Goldman, G.H. Goletti, D. Goligorsky, M.S. Gomes, A.V. Gomes, L.C. Gomez, H. Gomez-Manzano, C. Gómez-Sánchez, R. Gonçalves, D.A.P. Goncu, E. Gong, Q. Gongora, C. Gonzalez, C.B. Gonzalez-Alegre, P. Gonzalez-Cabo, P. González-Polo, R.A. Goping, I.S. Gorbea, C. Gorbunov, N.V. Goring, D.R. Gorman, A.M. Gorski, S.M. Goruppi, S. Goto-Yamada, S. Gotor, C. Gottlieb, R.A. Gozes, I. Gozuacik, D. Graba, Y. Graef, M. Granato, G.E. Grant, G.D. Grant, S. Gravina, G.L. Green, D.R. Greenhough, A. Greenwood, M.T. Grimaldi, B. Gros, F. Grose, C. Groulx, J.-F. Gruber, F. Grumati, P. Grune, T. Guan, J.-L. Guan, K.-L. Guerra, B. Guillen, C. Gulshan, K. Gunst, J. Guo, C. Guo, L. Guo, M. Guo, W. Guo, X.-G. Gust, A.A. Gustafsson, Å.B. Gutierrez, E. Gutierrez, M.G. Gwak, H.-S. Haas, A. Haber, J.E. Hadano, S. 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Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, M.-Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.D. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhao, M. Zhao, W.-L. Zhao, X. Zhao, Y.G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y.-X. Zhao, Z. Zhao, Z.J. Zheng, D. Zheng, X.-L. Zheng, X. Zhivotovsky, B. Zhong, Q. Zhou, G.-Z. Zhou, G. Zhou, H. Zhou, S.-F. Zhou, X.-J. Zhu, H. Zhu, H. Zhu, W.-G. Zhu, W. Zhu, X.-F. Zhu, Y. Zhuang, S.-M. Zhuang, X. Ziparo, E. Zois, C.E. Zoladek, T. Zong, W.-X. Zorzano, A. Zughaier, S.M.
Published: 2016

60. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Author: Klionsky, D.J. Abdelmohsen, K. Abe, A. Abedin, M.J. Abeliovich, H. Arozena, A.A. Adachi, H. Adams, C.M. Adams, P.D. Adeli, K. Adhihetty, P.J. Adler, S.G. Agam, G. Agarwal, R. Aghi, M.K. Agnello, M. Agostinis, P. Aguilar, P.V. Aguirre-Ghiso, J. Airoldi, E.M. Ait-Si-Ali, S. Akematsu, T. Akporiaye, E.T. Al-Rubeai, M. Albaiceta, G.M. Albanese, C. Albani, D. Albert, M.L. Aldudo, J. Algül, H. Alirezaei, M. Alloza, I. Almasan, A. Almonte-Beceril, M. Alnemri, E.S. Alonso, C. Altan-Bonnet, N. Altieri, D.C. Alvarez, S. Alvarez-Erviti, L. Alves, S. Amadoro, G. Amano, A. Amantini, C. Ambrosio, S. Amelio, I. Amer, A.O. Amessou, M. Amon, A. An, Z. Anania, F.A. Andersen, S.U. Andley, U.P. Andreadi, C.K. Andrieu-Abadie, N. Anel, A. Ann, D.K. Anoopkumar-Dukie, S. Antonioli, M. Aoki, H. Apostolova, N. Aquila, S. Aquilano, K. Araki, K. Arama, E. Aranda, A. Araya, J. Arcaro, A. Arias, E. Arimoto, H. Ariosa, A.R. Armstrong, J.L. Arnould, T. Arsov, I. Asanuma, K. Askanas, V. Asselin, E. Atarashi, R. Atherton, S.S. Atkin, J.D. Attardi, L.D. Auberger, P. Auburger, G. Aurelian, L. Autelli, R. Avagliano, L. Avantaggiati, M.L. Avrahami, L. Azad, N. Awale, S. Bachetti, T. Backer, J.M. Bae, D.-H. Bae, J.-S. Bae, O.-N. Bae, S.H. Baehrecke, E.H. Baek, S.-H. Baghdiguian, S. Bagniewska-Zadworna, A. Bai, H. Bai, J. Bai, X.-Y. Bailly, Y. Balaji, K.N. Balduini, W. Ballabio, A. Balzan, R. Banerjee, R. Bánhegyi, G. Bao, H. Barbeau, B. Barrachina, M.D. Barreiro, E. Bartel, B. Bartolomé, A. Bassham, D.C. Bassi, M.T. Bast, R.C., Jr. Basu, A. Batista, M.T. Batoko, H. Battino, M. Bauckman, K. Baumgarner, B.L. Bayer, K.U. Beale, R. Beaulieu, J.-F. Beck, G.R., Jr. Becker, C. Beckham, J.D. Bédard, P.-A. Bednarski, P.J. Begley, T.J. Behl, C. Behrends, C. Behrens, G.M.N. Behrns, K.E. Bejarano, E. Belaid, A. Belleudi, F. Bénard, G. Berchem, G. Bergamaschi, D. Bergami, M. Berkhout, B. Berliocchi, L. Bernard, A. Bernard, M. Bernassola, F. Bertolotti, A. Bess, A.S. Besteiro, S. Bettuzzi, S. Bhalla, S. Bhattacharyya, S. Bhutia, S.K. Biagosch, C. Bianchi, M.W. Biard-Piechaczyk, M. Billes, V. Bincoletto, C. Bingol, B. Bird, S.W. Bitoun, M. Bjedov, I. Blackstone, C. Blanc, L. Blanco, G.A. Blomhoff, H.K. Boada-Romero, E. Böckler, S. Boes, M. Boesze-Battaglia, K. Boise, L.H. Bolino, A. Boman, A. Bonaldo, P. Bordi, M. Bosch, J. Botana, L.M. Botti, J. Bou, G. Bouché, M. Bouchecareilh, M. Boucher, M.-J. Boulton, M.E. Bouret, S.G. Boya, P. Boyer-Guittaut, M. Bozhkov, P.V. Brady, N. Braga, V.M.M. Brancolini, C. Braus, G.H. Bravo-San-Pedro, J.M. Brennan, L.A. Bresnick, E.H. Brest, P. Bridges, D. Bringer, M.-A. Brini, M. Brito, G.C. Brodin, B. Brookes, P.S. Brown, E.J. Brown, K. Broxmeyer, H.E. Bruhat, A. Brum, P.C. Brumell, J.H. Brunetti-Pierri, N. Bryson-Richardson, R.J. Buch, S. Buchan, A.M. Budak, H. Bulavin, D.V. Bultman, S.J. Bultynck, G. Bumbasirevic, V. Burelle, Y. Burke, R.E. Burmeister, M. Bütikofer, P. Caberlotto, L. Cadwell, K. Cahova, M. Cai, D. Cai, J. Cai, Q. Calatayud, S. Camougrand, N. Campanella, M. Campbell, G.R. Campbell, M. Campello, S. Candau, R. Caniggia, I. Cantoni, L. Cao, L. Caplan, A.B. Caraglia, M. Cardinali, C. Cardoso, S.M. Carew, J.S. Carleton, L.A. Carlin, C.R. Carloni, S. Carlsson, S.R. Carmona-Gutierrez, D. Carneiro, L.A.M. Carnevali, O. Carra, S. Carrier, A. Carroll, B. Casas, C. Casas, J. Cassinelli, G. Castets, P. Castro-Obregon, S. Cavallini, G. Ceccherini, I. Cecconi, F. Cederbaum, A.I. Ceña, V. Cenci, S. Cerella, C. Cervia, D. Cetrullo, S. Chaachouay, H. Chae, H.-J. Chagin, A.S. Chai, C.-Y. Chakrabarti, G. Chamilos, G. Chan, E.Y.W. Chan, M.T.V. Chandra, D. Chandra, P. Chang, C.-P. Chang, R.C.-C. Chang, T.Y. Chatham, J.C. Chatterjee, S. Chauhan, S. Che, Y. Cheetham, M.E. Cheluvappa, R. Chen, C.-J. Chen, G. Chen, G.-C. Chen, G. Chen, H. Chen, J.W. Chen, J.-K. Chen, M. Chen, M. Chen, P. Chen, Q. Chen, Q. Chen, S.-D. Chen, S. Chen, S.S.-L. Chen, W. Chen, W.-J. Chen, W.Q. Chen, W. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, Y.-G. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y.-J. Chen, Y.-Q. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, Z. Cheng, A. Cheng, C.H.K. Cheng, H. Cheong, H. Cherry, S. Chesney, J. Cheung, C.H.A. Chevet, E. Chi, H.C. Chi, S.-G. Chiacchiera, F. Chiang, H.-L. Chiarelli, R. Chiariello, M. Chieppa, M. Chin, L.-S. Chiong, M. Chiu, G.N.C. Cho, D.-H. Cho, S.-G. Cho, W.C. Cho, Y.-Y. Cho, Y.-S. Choi, A.M.K. Choi, E.-J. Choi, E.-K. Choi, J. Choi, M.E. Choi, S.-I. Chou, T.-F. Chouaib, S. Choubey, D. Choubey, V. Chow, K.-C. Chowdhury, K. Chu, C.T. Chuang, T.-H. Chun, T. Chung, H. Chung, T. Chung, Y.-L. Chwae, Y.-J. Cianfanelli, V. Ciarcia, R. Ciechomska, I.A. Ciriolo, M.R. Cirone, M. Claerhout, S. Clague, M.J. Clària, J. Clarke, P.G.H. Clarke, R. Clementi, E. Cleyrat, C. Cnop, M. Coccia, E.M. Cocco, T. Codogno, P. Coers, J. Cohen, E.E.W. Colecchia, D. Coletto, L. Coll, N.S. Colucci-Guyon, E. Comincini, S. Condello, M. Cook, K.L. Coombs, G.H. Cooper, C.D. Cooper, J.M. Coppens, I. Corasaniti, M.T. Corazzari, M. Corbalan, R. 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Papini, A. Parajuli, N. Pardo, J. Parekh, V.V. Parenti, G. Park, J.-I. Park, J. Park, O.K. Parker, R. Parlato, R. Parys, J.B. Parzych, K.R. Pasquet, J.-M. Pasquier, B. Pasumarthi, K.B.S. Patterson, C. Pattingre, S. Pattison, S. Pause, A. Pavenstädt, H. Pavone, F. Pedrozo, Z. Peña, F.J. Peñalva, M.A. Pende, M. Peng, J. Penna, F. Penninger, J.M. Pensalfini, A. Pepe, S. Pereira, G.J.S. Pereira, P.C. de la Cruz, V.P. Pérez-Pérez, M.E. Pérez-Rodríguez, D. Pérez-Sala, D. Perier, C. Perl, A. Perlmutter, D.H. Perrotta, I. Pervaiz, S. Pesonen, M. Pessin, J.E. Peters, G.J. Petersen, M. Petrache, I. Petrof, B.J. Petrovski, G. Phang, J.M. Piacentini, M. Pierdominici, M. Pierre, P. Pierrefite-Carle, V. Pietrocola, F. Pimentel-Muiños, F.X. Pinar, M. Pineda, B. Pinkas-Kramarski, R. Pinti, M. Pinton, P. Piperdi, B. Piret, J.M. Platanias, L.C. Platta, H.W. Plowey, E.D. Pöggeler, S. Poirot, M. Polčic, P. Poletti, A. Poon, A.H. Popelka, H. Popova, B. Poprawa, I. Poulose, S.M. Poulton, J. Powers, S.K. Powers, T. Pozuelo-Rubio, M. Prak, K. Prange, R. Prescott, M. Priault, M. Prince, S. Proia, R.L. Proikas-Cezanne, T. Prokisch, H. Promponas, V.J. Przyklenk, K. Puertollano, R. Pugazhenthi, S. Puglielli, L. Pujol, A. Puyal, J. Pyeon, D. Qi, X. Qian, W.-B. Qin, Z.-H. Qiu, Y. Qu, Z. Quadrilatero, J. Quinn, F. Raben, N. Rabinowich, H. Radogna, F. Ragusa, M.J. Rahmani, M. Raina, K. Ramanadham, S. Ramesh, R. Rami, A. Randall-Demllo, S. Randow, F. Rao, H. Rao, V.A. Rasmussen, B.B. Rasse, T.M. Ratovitski, E.A. Rautou, P.-E. Ray, S.K. Razani, B. Reed, B.H. Reggiori, F. Rehm, M. Reichert, A.S. Rein, T. Reiner, D.J. Reits, E. Ren, J. Ren, X. Renna, M. Reusch, J.E.B. Revuelta, J.L. Reyes, L. Rezaie, A.R. Richards, R.I. Richardson, R. Richetta, C. Riehle, M.A. Rihn, B.H. Rikihisa, Y. Riley, B.E. Rimbach, G. Rippo, M.R. Ritis, K. Rizzi, F. Rizzo, E. Roach, P.J. Robbins, J. Roberge, M. Roca, G. Roccheri, M.C. Rocha, S. Rodrigues, C.M.P. Rodríguez, C.I. de Cordoba, S.R. Rodriguez-Muela, N. Roelofs, J. Rogov, V.V. Rohn, T.T. Rohrer, B. Romanelli, D. Romani, L. Romano, P.S. Roncero, M.I.G. Rosa, J.L. Rosello, A. Rosen, K.V. Rosenstiel, P. Rost-Roszkowska, M. Roth, K.A. Roué, G. Rouis, M. Rouschop, K.M. Ruan, D.T. Ruano, D. Rubinsztein, D.C. Rucker, E.B., III Rudich, A. Rudolf, E. Rudolf, R. Ruegg, M.A. Ruiz-Roldan, C. Ruparelia, A.A. Rusmini, P. Russ, D.W. Russo, G.L. Russo, G. Russo, R. Rusten, T.E. Ryabovol, V. Ryan, K.M. Ryter, S.W. Sabatini, D.M. Sacher, M. Sachse, C. Sack, M.N. Sadoshima, J. Saftig, P. Sagi-Eisenberg, R. Sahni, S. Saikumar, P. Saito, T. Saitoh, T. Sakakura, K. Sakoh-Nakatogawa, M. Sakuraba, Y. Salazar-Roa, M. Salomoni, P. Saluja, A.K. Salvaterra, P.M. Salvioli, R. Samali, A. Sanchez, A.M.J. Sánchez-Alcázar, J.A. Sanchez-Prieto, R. Sandri, M. Sanjuan, M.A. Santaguida, S. Santambrogio, L. Santoni, G. Dos Santos, C.N. Saran, S. Sardiello, M. Sargent, G. Sarkar, P. Sarkar, S. Sarrias, M.R. Sarwal, M.M. Sasakawa, C. Sasaki, M. Sass, M. Sato, K. Sato, M. Satriano, J. Savaraj, N. Saveljeva, S. Schaefer, L. Schaible, U.E. Scharl, M. Schatzl, H.M. Schekman, R. Scheper, W. Schiavi, A. Schipper, H.M. Schmeisser, H. Schmidt, J. Schmitz, I. Schneider, B.E. Schneider, E.M. Schneider, J.L. Schon, E.A. Schönenberger, M.J. Schönthal, A.H. Schorderet, D.F. Schröder, B. Schuck, S. Schulze, R.J. Schwarten, M. Schwarz, T.L. Sciarretta, S. Scotto, K. Scovassi, A.I. Screaton, R.A. Screen, M. Seca, H. Sedej, S. Segatori, L. Segev, N. Seglen, P.O. Seguí-Simarro, J.M. Segura-Aguilar, J. Seiliez, I. Seki, E. Sell, C. Semenkovich, C.F. Semenza, G.L. Sen, U. Serra, A.L. Serrano-Puebla, A. Sesaki, H. Setoguchi, T. Settembre, C. Shacka, J.J. Shajahan-Haq, A.N. Shapiro, I.M. Sharma, S. She, H. Shen, C.-K.J. Shen, C.-C. Shen, H.-M. Shen, S. Shen, W. Sheng, R. Sheng, X. Sheng, Z.-H. Shepherd, T.G. Shi, J. Shi, Q. Shi, Q. Shi, Y. Shibutani, S. Shibuya, K. Shidoji, Y. Shieh, J.-J. Shih, C.-M. Shimada, Y. Shimizu, S. Shin, D.W. Shinohara, M.L. Shintani, M. Shintani, T. Shioi, T. Shirabe, K. Shiri-Sverdlov, R. Shirihai, O. Shore, G.C. Shu, C.-W. Shukla, D. Sibirny, A.A. Sica, V. Sigurdson, C.J. Sigurdsson, E.M. Sijwali, P.S. Sikorska, B. Silveira, W.A. Silvente-Poirot, S. Silverman, G.A. Simak, J. Simmet, T. Simon, A.K. Simon, H.-U. Simone, C. Simons, M. Simonsen, A. Singh, R. Singh, S.V. Singh, S.K. Sinha, D. Sinha, S. Sinicrope, F.A. Sirko, A. Sirohi, K. Sishi, B.J.N. Sittler, A. Siu, P.M. Sivridis, E. Skwarska, A. Slack, R. Slaninová, I. Slavov, N. Smaili, S.S. Smalley, K.S.M. Smith, D.R. Soenen, S.J. Soleimanpour, S.A. Solhaug, A. Somasundaram, K. Son, J.H. Sonawane, A. Song, C. Song, F. Song, H.K. Song, J.-X. Song, W. Soo, K.Y. Sood, A.K. Soong, T.W. Soontornniyomkij, V. Sorice, M. Sotgia, F. Soto-Pantoja, D.R. Sotthibundhu, A. Sousa, M.J. Spaink, H.P. Span, P.N. Spang, A. Sparks, J.D. Speck, P.G. Spector, S.A. Spies, C.D. Springer, W. Clair, D.S. Stacchiotti, A. Staels, B. Stang, M.T. Starczynowski, D.T. Starokadomskyy, P. Steegborn, C. Steele, J.W. Stefanis, L. Steffan, J. Stellrecht, C.M. Stenmark, H. Stepkowski, T.M. Stern, S.T. Stevens, C. Stockwell, B.R. Stoka, V. Storchova, Z. Stork, B. Stratoulias, V. Stravopodis, D.J. Strnad, P. Strohecker, A.M. Ström, A.-L. Stromhaug, P. Stulik, J. Su, Y.-X. Su, Z. Subauste, C.S. Subramaniam, S. Sue, C.M. Suh, S.W. Sui, X. Sukseree, S. Sulzer, D. Sun, F.-L. Sun, J. Sun, J. Sun, S.-Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sundaramoorthy, V. Sung, J. Suzuki, H. Suzuki, K. Suzuki, N. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, Y.J. Swanson, M.S. Swanton, C. Swärd, K. Swarup, G. Sweeney, S.T. Sylvester, P.W. Szatmari, Z. Szegezdi, E. Szlosarek, P.W. Taegtmeyer, H. Tafani, M. Taillebourg, E. Tait, S.W.G. Takacs-Vellai, K. Takahashi, Y. Takáts, S. Takemura, G. Takigawa, N. Talbot, N.J. Tamagno, E. Tamburini, J. Tan, C.-P. Tan, L. Tan, M.L. Tan, M. Tan, Y.-J. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tang, D. Tang, D. Tang, G. Tanida, I. Tanji, K. Tannous, B.A. Tapia, J.A. Tasset-Cuevas, I. Tatar, M. Tavassoly, I. Tavernarakis, N. Taylor, A. Taylor, G.S. Taylor, G.A. Taylor, J.P. Taylor, M.J. Tchetina, E.V. Tee, A.R. Teixeira-Clerc, F. Telang, S. Tencomnao, T. Teng, B.-B. Teng, R.-J. Terro, F. Tettamanti, G. Theiss, A.L. Theron, A.E. Thomas, K.J. Thomé, M.P. Thomes, P.G. Thorburn, A. Thorner, J. Thum, T. Thumm, M. Thurston, T.L.M. Tian, L. Till, A. Ting, J.P.-Y. Ting, J.P.Y. Titorenko, V.I. Toker, L. Toldo, S. Tooze, S.A. Topisirovic, I. Torgersen, M.L. Torosantucci, L. Torriglia, A. Torrisi, M.R. Tournier, C. Towns, R. Trajkovic, V. Travassos, L.H. Triola, G. Tripathi, D.N. Trisciuoglio, D. Troncoso, R. Trougakos, I.P. Truttmann, A.C. Tsai, K.-J. Tschan, M.P. Tseng, Y.-H. Tsukuba, T. Tsung, A. Tsvetkov, A.S. Tu, S. Tuan, H.-Y. Tucci, M. Tumbarello, D.A. Turk, B. Turk, V. Turner, R.F.B. Tveita, A.A. Tyagi, S.C. Ubukata, M. Uchiyama, Y. Udelnow, A. Ueno, T. Umekawa, M. Umemiya-Shirafuji, R. Underwood, B.R. Ungermann, C. Ureshino, R.P. Ushioda, R. Uversky, V.N. Uzcátegui, N.L. Vaccari, T. Vaccaro, M.I. Váchová, L. Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, H. Valdor, R. Valente, E.M. Vallette, F. Valverde, A.M. Van den Berghe, G. Van Den Bosch, L. van den Brink, G.R. van der Goot, F.G. van der Klei, I.J. van der Laan, L.J.W. van Doorn, W.G. van Egmond, M. van Golen, K.L. Van Kaer, L. Campagne, M.L. Vandenabeele, P. Vandenberghe, W. Vanhorebeek, I. Varela-Nieto, I. Vasconcelos, M.H. Vasko, R. Vavvas, D.G. Vega-Naredo, I. Velasco, G. Velentzas, A.D. Velentzas, P.D. Vellai, T. Vellenga, E. Vendelbo, M.H. Venkatachalam, K. Ventura, N. Ventura, S. Veras, P.S.T. Verdier, M. Vertessy, B.G. Viale, A. Vidal, M. Vieira, H.L.A. Vierstra, R.D. Vigneswaran, N. Vij, N. Vila, M. Villar, M. Villar, V.H. Villarroya, J. Vindis, C. Viola, G. Viscomi, M.T. Vitale, G. Vogl, D.T. Voitsekhovskaja, O.V. von Haefen, C. von Schwarzenberg, K. Voth, D.E. Vouret-Craviari, V. Vuori, K. Vyas, J.M. Waeber, C. Walker, C.L. Walker, M.J. Walter, J. Wan, L. Wan, X. Wang, B. Wang, C. Wang, C.-Y. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, D. Wang, F. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H.-J. Wang, H. Wang, H.-G. Wang, H. Wang, H.-D. Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, M. Wang, M.-Q. Wang, P.-Y. Wang, P. Wang, R.C. Wang, S. Wang, T.-F. Wang, X. Wang, X.-J. Wang, X.-W. Wang, X. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.-J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.T. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.-N. Wappner, P. Ward, C. Ward, D.M.V. Warnes, G. Watada, H. Watanabe, Y. Watase, K. Weaver, T.E. Weekes, C.D. Wei, J. Weide, T. Weihl, C.C. Weindl, G. Weis, S.N. Wen, L. Wen, X. Wen, Y. Westermann, B. Weyand, C.M. White, A.R. White, E. Whitton, J.L. Whitworth, A.J. Wiels, J. Wild, F. Wildenberg, M.E. Wileman, T. Wilkinson, D.S. Wilkinson, S. Willbold, D. Williams, C. Williams, K. Williamson, P.R. Winklhofer, K.F. Witkin, S.S. Wohlgemuth, S.E. Wollert, T. Wolvetang, E.J. Wong, E. Wong, G.W. Wong, R.W. Wong, V.K.W. Woodcock, E.A. Wright, K.L. Wu, C. Wu, D. Wu, G.S. Wu, J. Wu, J. Wu, M. Wu, M. Wu, S. Wu, W.K.K. Wu, Y. Wu, Z. Xavier, C.P.R. Xavier, R.J. Xia, G.-X. Xia, T. Xia, W. Xia, Y. Xiao, H. Xiao, J. Xiao, S. Xiao, W. Xie, C.-M. Xie, Z. Xie, Z. Xilouri, M. Xiong, Y. Xu, C. Xu, C. Xu, F. Xu, H. Xu, H. Xu, J. Xu, J. Xu, J. Xu, L. Xu, X. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. Xu, Z.-X. Xu, Z. Xue, Y. Yamada, T. Yamamoto, A. Yamanaka, K. Yamashina, S. Yamashiro, S. Yan, B. Yan, B. Yan, X. Yan, Z. Yanagi, Y. Yang, D.-S. Yang, J.-M. Yang, L. Yang, M. Yang, P.-M. Yang, P. Yang, Q. Yang, W. Yang, W.Y. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, Z. Yao, M.-C. Yao, P.J. Yao, X. Yao, Z. Yao, Z. Yasui, L.S. Ye, M. Yedvobnick, B. Yeganeh, B. Yeh, E.S. Yeyati, P.L. Yi, F. Yi, L. Yin, X.-M. Yip, C.K. Yoo, Y.-M. Yoo, Y.H. Yoon, S.-Y. Yoshida, K.-I. Yoshimori, T. Young, K.H. Yu, H. Yu, J.J. Yu, J.-T. Yu, J. Yu, L. Yu, W.H. Yu, X.-F. Yu, Z. Yuan, J. Yuan, Z.-M. Yue, B.Y.J.T. Yue, J. Yue, Z. Zacks, D.N. Zacksenhaus, E. Zaffaroni, N. Zaglia, T. Zakeri, Z. Zecchini, V. Zeng, J. Zeng, M. Zeng, Q. Zervos, A.S. Zhang, D.D. Zhang, F. Zhang, G. Zhang, G.-C. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, M.-Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.D. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhao, M. Zhao, W.-L. Zhao, X. Zhao, Y.G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y.-X. Zhao, Z. Zhao, Z.J. Zheng, D. Zheng, X.-L. Zheng, X. Zhivotovsky, B. Zhong, Q. Zhou, G.-Z. Zhou, G. Zhou, H. Zhou, S.-F. Zhou, X.-J. Zhu, H. Zhu, H. Zhu, W.-G. Zhu, W. Zhu, X.-F. Zhu, Y. Zhuang, S.-M. Zhuang, X. Ziparo, E. Zois, C.E. Zoladek, T. Zong, W.-X. Zorzano, A. Zughaier, S.M.
Published: 2016

61. Lymphatic vessel density, microvessel density and lymphangiogenic growth factor expression in colorectal cancer

Author: Shant Kumar, Maria Jeziorska, David J Sherlock, Najib Haboubi, Gordon C Jayson, Sarah E Duff, and Sarah T O'Dwyer
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D, CD34, Adenocarcinoma, Metastasis, Submucosa, Lymphatic vessel, medicine, Humans, Lymphangiogenesis, Lymphatic Vessels, Neovascularization, Pathologic, business.industry, Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, medicine.anatomical_structure, Lymphatic system, Lymphatic Metastasis, cardiovascular system, Lymph, Colorectal Neoplasms, business
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Microvessel density (MVD) has been studied as a prognostic marker in human cancers. Quantification of lymphatic vessel density (LVD) is now possible by using new antibodies. Expression of the lymphangiogenic growth factors, VEGF-C and VEGF-D, is associated with poorer clinicopathological outcomes in various tumours. The aim of this study was to quantify LVD and MVD in colorectal cancer, determine the relationship between LVD, MVD and clinicopathological variables and examine the relationship between LVD and tumour expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D. METHOD: Thirty primary colorectal cancers were immunostained for CD34, lymph vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1), VEGF-A and VEGF-D using standard techniques. LVD and MVD were determined by Chalkley grid counting. Tumours were assessed for the presence or absence of LYVE-1 positive lymphatics at different areas within the tumour and the tumour was scored for VEGF-C and VEGF-D immunostaining intensity at the invading tumour edge. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis and a P-value of
Published: 2007
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62. The effects of sex steroid replacement therapy on an expanded panel of IGF-related peptides

Author: Jan Frystyk, Stephen M Shalet, Allan Flyvbjerg, Anthony Howell, Andrew G Renehan, and Sarah T O'Dwyer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Colorectal cancer, medicine.drug_class, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Pharmacology, Steroid, Endocrinology, Somatomedins, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Disease, Binary complex, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, business.industry, Screening Trial, Insulin, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Estrogens, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins, Sex steroid, Estrogen, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Disease Susceptibility, Progestins, Peptides, business, Progestin
Abstract: Background Oral estrogen alone (EA) decreases concentrations of total IGF-I while increasing IGFBP-1, but data on other IGF-related peptides are inconsistent and/or sparse. Combined oral estrogen and progestin (EP) may have differential effects on IGF-related peptides dependent on its progestin-associated androgenic activity. The aim of this study was to clarify these relationships, as circulating IGF-related peptides are potential surrogates of predisposition to common chronic diseases. Design Using an open-labelled cross-sectional design within a bowel cancer screening trial (aged 55–64 years), we determined total IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 in fasted serum from 210 healthy women and free IGF-I (by ultrafiltration), insulin, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-1:IGF-I binary complex in a selected subset of 92 women. Unadjusted and adjusted (using generalized linear models) means were compared. Results Among EA users, mean concentrations for total IGF-I (adjusted P =0.004) and free IGF-I ( P P =0.001) and binary complex ( P =0.01) were increased compared with non-users. Taken as a whole group, EP use was not associated with differences in concentrations of IGF-related peptides, but on sub-group analyses, mean concentrations associated with the use of progestins with reduced androgenic activity reflected the use of EA. By contrast, mean IGFBP-2 concentrations were significantly reduced among both EA ( P =0.008) and EP ( P =0.002) users, irrespective of androgenic activity. Neither EA nor EP influenced mean concentrations of IGF-II, insulin and IGFBP-3. Conclusions The uses of oral sex steroid replacements are associated with significant changes in several IGF-related analytes in a preparation-specific manner, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms. However, the directions of these changes do not fit simple correlative models of predisposition to common diseases.
Published: 2007
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63. Effect of biomass concentration on methane oxidation activity using mature compost and graphite granules as substrata

Author: T O'Dwyer, Ilje Pikaar, William P. Clarke, Sihuang Xie, and Stefano Freguia
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microorganism, 030106 microbiology, Biomass, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Methane, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Soil, Waste Management, Most probable number, Botany, Waste Management and Disposal, Soil Microbiology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Compost, Microbial electrosynthesis, Refuse Disposal, Waste Disposal Facilities, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Anaerobic oxidation of methane, engineering, Graphite, Soil microbiology, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract: Reported methane oxidation activity (MOA) varies widely for common landfill cover materials. Variation is expected due to differences in surface area, the composition of the substratum and culturing conditions. MOA per methanotrophic cell has been calculated in the study of natural systems such as lake sediments to examine the inherent conditions for methanotrophic activity. In this study, biomass normalised MOA (i.e., MOA per methanotophic cell) was measured on stabilised compost, a commonly used cover in landfills, and on graphite granules, an inert substratum widely used in microbial electrosynthesis studies. After initially enriching methanotrophs on both substrata, biomass normalised MOA was quantified under excess oxygen and limiting methane conditions in 160ml serum vials on both substrata and blends of the substrata. Biomass concentration was measured using the bicinchoninic acid assay for microbial protein. The biomass normalised MOA was consistent across all compost-to-graphite granules blends, but varied with time, reflecting the growth phase of the microorganisms. The biomass normalised MOA ranged from 0.069±0.006μmol CH4/mg dry biomass/h during active growth, to 0.024±0.001μmol CH4/mg dry biomass/h for established biofilms regardless of the substrata employed, indicating the substrata were equally effective in terms of inherent composition. The correlation of MOA with biomass is consistent with studies on methanotrophic activity in natural systems, but biomass normalised MOA varies by over 5 orders of magnitude between studies. This is partially due to different methods being used to quantify biomass, such as pmoA gene quantification and the culture dependent Most Probable Number method, but also indicates that long term exposure of materials to a supply of methane in an aerobic environment, as can occur in natural systems, leads to the enrichment and adaptation of types suitable for those conditions.
Published: 2015

64. Watch-and-wait approach versus surgical resection after chemoradiotherapy for patients with rectal cancer (the OnCoRe project): a propensity-score matched cohort analysis

Author: Shabbir Susnerwala, Malcolm S Wilson, Paul S Rooney, Andrew Maw, Sarah T O'Dwyer, Andrew G Renehan, Arthur Sun Myint, Simon Gollins, Anthony Blower, Mark P Saunders, Nigel Scott, Richard Emsley, and Lee Malcomson
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, 030230 surgery, Adenocarcinoma, Disease-Free Survival, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Colostomy, Clinical endpoint, Medicine, Humans, Propensity Score, Watchful Waiting, Survival rate, Aged, Performance status, business.industry, Rectal Neoplasms, Hazard ratio, Remission Induction, Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant, Middle Aged, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Surgery, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Case-Control Studies, Propensity score matching, Cohort, Female, Dose Fractionation, Radiation, Fluorouracil, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business, Chemoradiotherapy, Watchful waiting, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Induction of a clinical complete response with chemoradiotherapy, followed by observation via a watch-and-wait approach, has emerged as a management option for patients with rectal cancer. We aimed to address the shortage of evidence regarding the safety of the watch-and-wait approach by comparing oncological outcomes between patients managed by watch and wait who achieved a clinical complete response and those who had surgical resection (standard care).Oncological Outcomes after Clinical Complete Response in Patients with Rectal Cancer (OnCoRe) was a propensity-score matched cohort analysis study, that included patients of all ages diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma without distant metastases who had received preoperative chemoradiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 daily fractions with concurrent fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy) at a tertiary cancer centre in Manchester, UK, between Jan 14, 2011, and April 15, 2013. Patients who had a clinical complete response were offered management with the watch-and-wait approach, and patients who did not have a complete clinical response were offered surgical resection if eligible. We also included patients with a clinical complete response managed by watch and wait between March 10, 2005, and Jan 21, 2015, across three neighbouring UK regional cancer centres, whose details were obtained through a registry. For comparative analyses, we derived one-to-one paired cohorts of watch and wait versus surgical resection using propensity-score matching (including T stage, age, and performance status). The primary endpoint was non-regrowth disease-free survival from the date that chemoradiotherapy was started, and secondary endpoints were overall survival, and colostomy-free survival. We used a conservative p value of less than 0·01 to indicate statistical significance in the comparative analyses.259 patients were included in our Manchester tertiary cancer centre cohort, 228 of whom underwent surgical resection at referring hospitals and 31 of whom had a clinical complete response, managed by watch and wait. A further 98 patients were added to the watch-and-wait group via the registry. Of the 129 patients managed by watch and wait (median follow-up 33 months [IQR 19-43]), 44 (34%) had local regrowths (3-year actuarial rate 38% [95% CI 30-48]); 36 (88%) of 41 patients with non-metastatic local regrowths were salvaged. In the matched analyses (109 patients in each treatment group), no differences in 3-year non-regrowth disease-free survival were noted between watch and wait and surgical resection (88% [95% CI 75-94] with watch and wait vs 78% [63-87] with surgical resection; time-varying p=0·043). Similarly, no difference in 3-year overall survival was noted (96% [88-98] vs 87% [77-93]; time-varying p=0·024). By contrast, patients managed by watch and wait had significantly better 3-year colostomy-free survival than did those who had surgical resection (74% [95% CI 64-82] vs 47% [37-57]; hazard ratio 0·445 [95% CI 0·31-0·63; p0·0001), with a 26% (95% CI 13-39) absolute difference in patients who avoided permanent colostomy at 3 years between treatment groups.A substantial proportion of patients with rectal cancer managed by watch and wait avoided major surgery and averted permanent colostomy without loss of oncological safety at 3 years. These findings should inform decision making at the outset of chemoradiotherapy.Bowel Disease Research Foundation.
Published: 2015

65. Acquired Anterior Laryngeal Web in a Shotgun Injury

Author: P, Lennon, E, Lang, and T, O'Dwyer
Subjects: Adult, Laryngeal Diseases, Male, Humans, Wounds, Gunshot, Larynx, Dysphonia
Abstract: We report the first case of an anterior laryngeal web post gunshot wound in the modern literature. A 27 year-old man suffered a close range shotgun injury to his neck. He presented with stridor and a large open neck wound. Emergency tracheostomy was required. A postoperative fibreoptic laryngoscopy revealed anterior glottic web formation. This case report highlights the difficulties in managing acquired anterior laryngeal webs and reviews the only other case in the in the literature from 1915.
Published: 2015

66. A specific cadherin phenotype may characterise the disseminating yet non-metastatic behaviour of pseudomyxoma peritonei

Author: Andrew G Renehan, Nagarajan Pranesh, Malcolm S Wilson, Rufzan Bibi, Mark P Saunders, Peter L. Stern, and Sarah T O'Dwyer
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Vimentin, Keratin-20, Mucin 2, Diagnosis, Differential, Cytokeratin, vimentin, Carcinoembryonic antigen, Tumor Cells, Cultured, medicine, Humans, Pseudomyxoma peritonei, Neoplasm Metastasis, Molecular Diagnostics, Peritoneal Neoplasms, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Receptors, Interleukin-9, Mucin-2, pseudomyxoma peritonei, biology, Cadherin, Keratin 20, Keratin-7, Mucin-1, Interleukin-9, Mucins, cytokeratins, Middle Aged, Cadherins, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Carcinoembryonic Antigen, cadherin, Oncology, biology.protein, Adenocarcinoma, Female
Abstract: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare neoplasm of mainly appendiceal origin, characterised by excess intra-abdominal mucin production leading to high morbidity and mortality. While histological features are frequently indolent, this tumour disseminates aggressively throughout the abdominal cavity, yet seldom metastasises. This study determined the expression of several markers of colorectal differentiation (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratins (CK20 and CK7), epithelial membrane antigen), mucin production (MUC-2, interleukin-9 (IL-9), IL-9 receptor (IL-9Ralpha)), and cell adhesion (N- and E-cadherin, vimentin) in PMP tissue (n=26) compared with expressions in normal colonic mucosa (n=19) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (n=26). Expressions of CEA and cytokeratins were similar for PMP as those in colorectal adenocarcinomas with the exception that the CK20-/CK7- pattern was rare in PMP (Fisher's exact test: P=0.001). Similarly, expressions of mucin-related proteins were comparable for adenocarcinoma and PMP, with the exception that IL-9 expression was uncommon in adenocarcinoma (P=0.009). Pseudomyxoma peritonei demonstrated a specific pattern of adhesion-related protein expressions of increased N-cadherin, reduced E-cadherin, and increased vimentin (P=0.004), a phenotype suggesting a possible epithelial-mesenchymal transition state. Primary PMP cell cultures were successfully maintained and demonstrated marker expressions similar to those seen in in vivo tissues. These early characterisation studies demonstrate similarities between PMP and colorectal adenocarcinoma, but also reveal a specific cadherin phenotype that may characterise the distinct non-metastasising behaviour of PMP, and form the basis for future mechanistic and therapy-targeting research.
Published: 2006
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67. Regional localisation of p53-independent apoptosis determines toxicity to 5-fluorouracil and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate in the murine gut

Author: S E Williamson, Sarah T O'Dwyer, Alastair J.M. Watson, Christopher S Potten, and Simon P. Bach
Subjects: p53, Cancer Research, Programmed cell death, Pyrrolidines, Time Factors, Mitosis, colorectal cancer, Apoptosis, Biology, Pharmacology, Antioxidants, Drug Administration Schedule, Acetylcysteine, Mice, Intestinal mucosa, Thiocarbamates, Intestine, Small, medicine, Animals, Large intestine, 5-fluorouracil, Intestine, Large, Intestinal Mucosa, Mice, Knockout, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Synergism, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Small intestine, N-acetylcysteine, Dose–response relationship, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Organ Specificity, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, Toxicity, Immunology, Fluorouracil, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Translational Therapeutics, Colorectal Neoplasms, Drug Antagonism, medicine.drug
Abstract: Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) enhanced the activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in a colorectal cancer xenograft model. Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate also reduced gastrointestinal toxicity associated with 5-FU therapy in large but not small bowel. We sought to clarify the basis of this differential enteric toxicity. Apoptosis and mitosis were assessed on a cell positional basis in small and large intestinal crypts of p53 wild-type (+/+) and p53 null (-/-) mice 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h after the administration of high (200 mg kg(-1)) or low (40 mg kg(-1)) dose 5-FU+/-250 mg kg(-1) PDTC. Regimens were chosen to model a single human dose and a weekly schedule. The effects of another antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were also investigated. Large intestinal crypts affect apoptosis purely by p53-dependent mechanisms, whereas small intestinal crypts are able to initiate both p53-dependent and -independent pathways following treatment with 5-FU. Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and NAC antagonised p53-dependent but potentiated p53-independent apoptotic activity. Consequently, the proportion of surviving clonogens increased in the large but not in the small intestine. Regional availability of p53-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways in small and large intestine together with separate modulation of these pathways by antioxidants explains the different regional enterotoxicity following 5-FU therapy.
Published: 2006

68. A comparative analysis of anterior versus posterior squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: a 10-year review

Author: T O'Dwyer and T Mackle
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Age Distribution, Tongue, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Sex Distribution, Stage (cooking), Tongue Neoplasm, Survival rate, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Tongue Neoplasms, Surgery, Survival Rate, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, Epidermoid carcinoma, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Regression Analysis, Female, Presentation (obstetrics), business
Abstract: Introduction: The study sought to compare and contrast squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anterior mobile tongue with SCC of the tongue base, with emphasis on clinical presentation, management and outcome.Methods: This was a retrospective, comparative analysis of patients treated for SCC of the tongue over a 10-year period. Cox's regression model was used to assess the effect of tumour site on survival.Results: The study included 142 patients, of whom 86 were treated for SCC of the anterior tongue and 56 for tongue base lesions. Patients with carcinoma of the anterior tongue tended to present with a visible lump or ulceration of the tongue, whereas the majority of patients with tongue base SCC presented with pain. Sixty per cent of anterior tongue lesions were early stage (I or II) at initial presentation as compared with 21 per cent of tongue base lesions.Conclusion: Patients with anterior tongue lesions had a better prognosis, but this was not statistically significant when adjusted for stage.
Published: 2006
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69. Vascular endothelial growth factors and receptors in colorectal cancer: Implications for anti-angiogenic therapy

Author: Daniela Dornelles Rosa, Najib Haboubi, Gordon C Jayson, Sarah E Duff, Sarah T O'Dwyer, David J Sherlock, Maria Jeziorska, and Shant Kumar
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, Angiogenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, medicine, Humans, Receptor, Lymph node, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Neovascularization, Pathologic, biology, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors, business.industry, Growth factor, Liver Neoplasms, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Lymphatic Metastasis, biology.protein, Cancer research, Female, Lymph, Antibody, Colorectal Neoplasms, business, Liver cancer
Abstract: There are conflicting associations between growth factor expression and clinicopathological variables in colorectal cancer. This study aimed to define the expression of members of the VEGF family and the receptor, VEGFR2, in primary and metastatic sites of colorectal cancer and their relationship to metastatic potential. Thirty colorectal cancers, 12 lymph node metastases and 9 liver metastases were immunostained for VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR2. VEGFR2 was expressed by endothelial cells and by the malignant epithelium. VEGF-C and VEGFR2 were co-expressed in the same territory and correlated throughout the primary tumour and in metastatic lymph nodes, but not in liver metastases. Their expression at the invasive tumour edge correlated with expression in metastatic nodes. The benefit of anti-VEGF antibodies might be increased by directing additional therapies against VEGF-C or against the kinase receptors to target redundancy in the system. A component of the therapeutic benefit might be due to a direct anti-tumour effect as well as an anti-angiogenic effect.
Published: 2006
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70. Pigmented mesenteric lymphadenopathy in familial adenomatous polyposis - an unusual cause of intraoperative abandonment of ileo-anal pouch

Author: Najib Haboubi, Sarah T O'Dwyer, and Nagarajan Pranesh
Subjects: Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Adolescent, Adenomatous polyposis coli, medicine.medical_treatment, Colonic Pouches, Peritoneal Diseases, Gastroenterology, Melanosis, Familial adenomatous polyposis, Internal medicine, Melanosis coli, medicine, Humans, Mesentery, Intraoperative Complications, Lymphatic Diseases, Colectomy, biology, Proctocolectomy, business.industry, Proctocolectomy, Restorative, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Ileo-anal pouch, digestive system diseases, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, biology.protein, Female, Surgery, business, Research Article
Abstract: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant condition with near complete penetrance, characterised by the presence of numerous adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum. Melanosis coli describes the brownish-black discolouration of the colon resulting from the accumulation of a granular pigment in the phagosomes of macrophages in the colonic lamina propria. The presence of melanosis pigment in pericolonic lymph nodes has been reported in patients with coincidental melanosis coli, following segmental colonic resection. We report a unique case of FAP with melanosis pigment in lymph nodes in the small bowel mesentery that initially prevented a restorative proctocolectomy but that resolved following a colectomy, subsequently facilitating formation of an ileo-anal pouch.
Published: 2005
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71. Determination of large bowel length and loop complexity in patients with acromegaly undergoing screening colonoscopy

Author: John E. Painter, R. S. Rowland, Andrew G Renehan, G. Duncan Bell, Stephen M Shalet, and Sarah T O'Dwyer
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perforation (oil well), Colonoscopy, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Severity of illness, Acromegaly, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Intestine, Large, Cecum, Mass screening, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anthropometry, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Exact test, Case-Control Studies, Female, Colorectal Neoplasms, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with acromegaly are at moderately increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and may be considered for screening colonoscopy. In turn, large bowel dimensions may be increased in these patients, factors that predict for increased risk of serious complications such as perforation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate this risk potential, we measured large bowel length and loop complexity using magnetic endoscopic imaging (MEI). DESIGN: Case-control study in 25 unselected patients with acromegaly (mean age 56 years) vs. 41 nonacromegalic controls (mean age 60 years) undergoing screening colonoscopy. MEASUREMENTS: MEI parameters were determined and age- and sex-adjusted mean differences calculated. The dependency of total large bowel length on various demographic and disease-related factors (e.g. GH exposure, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations) was assessed using regression techniques. RESULTS: Total large bowel length was increased by 20%[95% confidence interval (CI) 9-31%] in patients with acromegaly compared with controls (unadjusted and adjusted; P-values < 0.001). Acromegaly was also associated with increased time taken to reach the caecum (P = 0.01) and increased pelvic loop complexities (5/25 vs. 1/41, Fisher's exact test: P = 0.03). Total large bowel length was predicted by age at colonoscopy (P = 0.003) and patient height (P = 0.03), but not by surrogate biochemical markers of disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: Acromegaly is associated with increased large bowel length and loop complexity making colonoscopy technically challenging, and theoretically increasing the risk of serious complications. Patients need to be counselled accordingly, and appropriate resources with experienced staff allocated.
Published: 2005
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72. Mechanisms of improved survival from intensive followup in colorectal cancer: a hypothesis

Author: Matthias Egger, Mark P Saunders, Andrew G Renehan, and Sarah T O'Dwyer
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, salvage surgery, Colorectal cancer, Salvage therapy, Improved survival, colorectal cancer, Disease, Models, Biological, Gastroenterology, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Clinical Studies, medicine, Humans, Survival analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Salvage Therapy, recurrences, business.industry, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Confidence interval, meta-analysis, Oncology, Meta-analysis, followup, Colorectal Neoplasms, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: A meta-analysis of six randomised trials demonstrated that intensive followup in colorectal cancer was associated with an absolute reduction in all-cause 5-year mortality of 10% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4–16) – however, only two percent (95% CI: 0–5) was attributable to cure from salvage re-operations. We postulate that other factors, such as increased psychological well-being and/or altered lifestyle, and/or improved treatment of coincidental disease may contribute to the remaining lives saved, and form important future research questions.
Published: 2005
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73. Robotic assisted minimally invasive pelvic exenteration in advanced rectal cancer: review and case report

Author: S. A. Ahmed, C. R. Selvasekar, P. R. Nanayakkara, D. Oudit, and S. T. O’Dwyer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Pelvic exenteration, business.industry, Colorectal cancer, Minimal access surgery, Robotic assisted, medicine.medical_treatment, Locally advanced, Health Informatics, medicine.disease, Surgery, body regions, Dissection, Medicine, Robotic surgery, business, Laparoscopy
Abstract: Since its very first use in 1985, robotic surgery has evolved and revolutionized minimal access surgery over past three decades [1]. The benefits of 3D vision, unmatched dexterity of the Endo Wrist instruments, precise dissection and better ergonomics are well recognized advantages of robotic surgery [2]. These clear advantages over conventional open surgery and laparoscopy can be utilized to perform difficult pelvic dissections. The authors report the use of robotic surgery in posterior pelvic clearance in a young female who had locally advanced rectal cancer. It also highlights the multi-disciplinary approach in the management of a patient with locally advanced rectal cancer.
Published: 2013
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74. The effect of cigarette smoking use and cessation on serum insulin-like growth factors

Author: Sarah T O'Dwyer, Stephen M Shalet, Wendy Atkin, and Andrew G Renehan
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, medicine.medical_treatment, Serum insulin, cigarette smoking, Cigarette use, cancer risk, IGF-binding proteins, Insulin-like growth factor, Cigarette smoking, Insulin-Like Growth Factor II, Risk Factors, insulin-like growth factors, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, business.industry, Smoking, Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Middle Aged, Never smokers, Cross-Sectional Studies, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3, Endocrinology, Oncology, Smoking cessation, Female, Smoking Cessation, business
Abstract: The patterns of risk association between circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and its main binding protein, IGFBP-3, differ between smoking and nonsmoking-related cancers. To investigate this observation further, we measured serum IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF-binding protein-3 concentrations in 232 men and 210 women (aged 55-64 years), and related peptide levels to smoking characteristics. Current smoking was associated with significant reductions in mean IGFBP-3 levels in men assessed by the number of cigarettes smoked daily (P(trend)=0.007) and pack-years smoked (P(trend)=0.03). Mean IGF-I levels decreased with increasing cigarette use in men (P(trend)=0.11). There were no patterns of association between smoking and IGF peptides in women. For male former vs never smokers, there were no differences in mean IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations, suggesting that smoking cessation is associated with normalisation of peptide concentrations.
Published: 2004
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75. Vascular endothelial growth factors C and D and lymphangiogenesis in gastrointestinal tract malignancy

Author: Mark P Saunders, Sarah E Duff, David J Sherlock, Sarah T O'Dwyer, Chenggang Li, Maria Jeziorska, Shant Kumar, and Gordon C Jayson
Subjects: Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Esophageal Neoplasms, Angiogenesis, Colorectal cancer, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D, lymphatic system, Review, Endothelial Growth Factors, Adenocarcinoma, Metastasis, gastrointestinal neoplasms, Stomach Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neovascularization, Pathologic, business.industry, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Lymphangiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, Lymphatic system, Oncology, Vascular endothelial growth factor C, Lymphatic Metastasis, Cancer research, Colorectal Neoplasms, business
Abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D are members of the VEGF family of cytokines and have angiogenic and lymphangiogenic actions. In gastric adenocarcinoma, VEGF-C mRNA and tissue protein expression correlate with lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis and in some reports, venous invasion and reduced 5-year survival. Patients with gastric adenocarcinomas containing high levels of VEGF-C expression have significantly reduced 5-year survival rates, and VEGF-C expression is an independent prognostic risk factor for death. The role of VEGF-C in oesophageal squamous and colorectal cancer and VEGF-D in colorectal cancer is not clear, with conflicting reports in the published literature. In order to exploit potential therapeutic applications, further research is necessary to define the precise roles of these cytokines in health and disease.
Published: 2003
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76. Both high intratumoral microvessel density determined using CD105 antibody and elevated plasma levels of CD105 in colorectal cancer patients correlate with poor prognosis

Author: Shant Kumar, Ben K. Seon, R Gardy, S Abdalla, Chenggang Li, Sarah T O'Dwyer, Andrew G Renehan, Najib Haboubi, and Sarah E Duff
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Time Factors, Colorectal cancer, Angiogenesis, microvessel density (MVD), CD34, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Receptors, Cell Surface, Gastroenterology, Metastasis, angiogenesis, TGFβ, Antigens, CD, Internal medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Medicine, soluble CD105, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Cancer staging, Aged, 80 and over, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Rectal Neoplasms, business.industry, Microcirculation, Endoglin, Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Oncology, Lymphatic Metastasis, Colonic Neoplasms, Cancer cell, Female, business
Abstract: CD105 and its ligand transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) are modulators of angiogenesis, which drives tumour growth and metastasis. Tumour microvessel density (MVD) has proven to be an important determinant of prognosis. In this study, we have examined the prognostic value of MVD identified using Mabs to the pan-endothelial marker CD34 and to CD105 in 111 patients with colorectal cancer. The Mab to CD105 preferentially reacts with angiogenic endothelial cells. Of the 111 patients studied, 38 were alive and 73 had died of the disease. The median MVD values counted using anti-CD34 and anti-CD105 were 5 (range 1.40–9.00) and 3.10 (range 0.90–8.00), respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that only MVD values obtained using CD105 Mab correlated with survival. Patients with a high MVD, above the median (3.10), showed the worst prognosis. A similar outcome was observed when MVD was divided into quartiles. In order to ascertain if this strong expression of CD105 in the tumour vasculature is reflected in patients' plasma, circulating levels of CD105, TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta3 together with the receptor–ligand complexes were quantified in patients with colorectal carcinoma and normal controls. Results showed that except for TGFbeta1, the levels of all other molecules were significantly elevated compared with controls. The levels of CD105 were positively correlated with Dukes' stages. A lower TGFbeta1 level was noted in patients with carcinoma over the controls. Furthermore, TGFbeta3 and CD105/TGFbeta3 complexes were markedly lowered in postoperative compared with preoperative plasma samples. Immunostaining revealed that TGFbeta1 was expressed in cancer cells but TGFbeta3 in the stromal cells, whereas CD105 was exclusively expressed in vascular endothelial cells of tumour blood vessels. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MVD quantified using a Mab to CD105 is an independent prognostic parameter for survival of patients with colorectal cancer, and that plasma levels of CD105, TGFbeta1, TGFbeta3 and CD105/TGFbeta complexes may be useful markers for assessing disease progression. These data have led us to propose that quantification of these determinants may prove useful to monitor therapeutic efficacy in patients with colorectal cancer, especially those who are being treated with antiangiogenic therapies.
Published: 2003
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77. Gender and age influence the relationship between serum GH and IGF-I in patients with acromegaly

Author: Stephen Shalet, Craig Parkinson, Peter J Trainer, Andrew G Renehan, W. D. J. Ryder, and Sarah T O'Dwyer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Case-control study, Colonoscopy, medicine.disease, Pathophysiology, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Concomitant, Cohort, Acromegaly, Blood plasma, medicine, In patient, business
Abstract: Summary background In patients with acromegaly serum IGF-I is increasingly used as a marker of disease activity. As a result, the relationship between serum GH and IGF-I is of profound interest. Healthy females secrete three times more GH than males but have broadly similar serum IGF-I levels, and women with GH deficiency require 30–50% more exogenous GH to maintain the same serum IGF-I as GH-deficient men. In a selected cohort of patients with active acromegaly, studied off medical therapy using a single fasting serum GH and IGF-I measurement, we have reported previously that, for a given GH level, women have significantly lower circulating IGF-I. objective To evaluate the influence of age and gender on the relationship between serum GH and IGF-I in an unselected cohort of patients with acromegaly independent of disease control and medical therapy. methods Sixty (34 male) unselected patients with acromegaly (median age 51 years (range 24–81 years) attending a colonoscopy screening programme were studied. Forty-five had previously received pituitary radiotherapy. Patients had varying degrees of disease control and received medical therapy where appropriate. Mean serum GH was calculated from an eight-point day profile (n = 45) and values obtained during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (n = 15). Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and acid-labile subunit were measured and the dependency of these factors on covariates such as log10 mean serum GH, sex, age and prior radiotherapy was assessed using regression techniques. results The median calculated GH value was 4·7 mU/l (range 1–104). A significant linear association was observed between serum IGF-I and log10 mean serum GH for the cohort (R = 0·5, P
Published: 2002
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78. Early cellular events in colorectal carcinogenesis

Author: Najib Haboubi, Andrew G Renehan, Sarah T O'Dwyer, and Christopher S Potten
Subjects: Programmed cell death, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, business.industry, Cell growth, Cell, Crypt, Gastroenterology, Cancer, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, digestive system, digestive system diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, business, Carcinogenesis, Aberrant crypt foci
Abstract: Colorectal cancer develops through a multistage process recognizable at a histopathological level by progression from normal mucosa to invasive carcinoma (the adenoma-carcinoma sequence). For many years, it has been hypothesized that increased cell proliferation in the colonic crypt represents the earliest recognizable stage in this sequence. This perspective is now changing. While several human studies have reported increased crypt cell proliferation in samples from at-risk patients, there are many inconsistencies and paradoxes in their conclusions. In addition, it is appreciated that the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) is vital for normal crypt homeostasis and its impairment may be an early event in the neoplastic process. It is now believed that aberrant crypt foci (ACFs) represent the earliest step in colorectal carcinogenesis. Two ACF types are identifiable: hypercellular and dysplastic. Increased proliferative activity may be seen in both, but the dysplastic entity is most relevant to carcinogenesis. Animal and human studies support the notion that ACFs grow by crypt fission leading to the formation of microadenomas. Adenomas are monoclonal expansions of an altered cell, but very early lesions may be polyclonal. There are outward and inward theories of polypoid growth, and evidence to support both mechanisms. The ACF assay has become a useful tool to detect carcinogens in animal studies but has been less frequently used in human studies. For future cancer chemopreventive and risk assessment studies in humans, the identification and quantification of ACFs should be considered a more effective intermediate marker of risk than the determination of crypt cell proliferation alone.
Published: 2002
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79. Identification of the 49-kDa Autoantigen Associated with Lymphocytic Hypophysitis as α-Enolase

Author: Nicholas M. Andronicos, Damien T. O’Dwyer, Mary L. Matthew, Marie Ranson, Patricia Crock, A. Ian Smith, and Phillip J. Robinson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Hypophysitis, Pituitary Diseases, Placenta, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Clinical Biochemistry, Enolase, Biology, Autoantigens, Biochemistry, Epitope, Cytosol, Endocrinology, Pregnancy, Reference Values, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Amino Acid Sequence, Lymphocytes, Inflammation, Autoimmune disease, Biochemistry (medical), Autoantibody, Proteolytic enzymes, medicine.disease, Molecular Weight, Macaca fascicularis, Blood, Phosphopyruvate Hydratase, Immunology, Autoimmune hypophysitis, biology.protein, Female, Rabbits, Protein A
Abstract: Lymphocytic hypophysitis is part of the spectrum of organ-specific autoimmune diseases, and although its histopathology is well documented, its pathogenesis is unclear. Serum autoantibodies directed against a 49-kDa cytosolic protein are detected by immunoblotting in 70% of patients with biopsy-proven lymphocytic hypophysitis. Here we report the purification and identification of this first target autoantigen in lymphocytic hypophysitis. The autoantigen has a molecular mass of 49 kDa, a cytosolic localization, and a ubiquitous tissue distribution. The 49-kDa protein was purified from monkey brain and human placental cytosol. Limited amino acid sequencing after proteolytic digestion of the human placental protein showed identity with alpha-enolase. The identification was confirmed using sera from patients with pituitary autoimmunity, which strongly reacted with recombinant human alpha-enolase and yeast enolase, but not with rabbit muscle beta- enolase. This indicates that the immunoreactive epitopes are largely conserved from yeast to human, but are not present in beta-enolase. alpha-Enolase autoantibodies are not specific to pituitary autoimmune disease and have been reported in other autoimmune diseases. However, this study is the first to indicate a role for alpha-enolase as an autoantigen in lymphocytic hypophysitis.
Published: 2002
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80. A case of quinsy following high-pressure water jet injury

Author: C, Fitzgerald, J C, Oosthuizen, and T, O'Dwyer
Subjects: Male, Soft Tissue Injuries, Barotrauma, Pressure, Drainage, Humans, Oropharynx, Water, Peritonsillar Abscess, Child, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract: High-pressure water injuries of the oropharynx are uncommon but can cause significant injury and airway compromise when they occur. A small number of cases of high-pressure water injury of the oropharynx have been presented in the literature, detailing a range of effects and outcomes. We describe the first reported case of high-pressure water injury of the oropharynx associated with peritonsillar abscess (quinsy) requiring surgical drainage.
Published: 2014

81. Using Google Adwords to recruit family carers of people with dementia

Author: Siobhan T, O'Dwyer and Wendy, Moyle
Subjects: Internet, Research Subjects, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Patient Selection, Search Engine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Mental Health, Caregivers, Advertising, Research Design, Health Care Surveys, Research Support as Topic, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Dementia
Abstract: Online advertising is a new frontier in research recruitment and Google Adwords (GA) is one method of online advertising. Only a handful of studies, however, have described its cost and effectiveness and none have focused on older adults. The aim of this paper is to describe a GA campaign used to recruit family carers of people with dementia and provide insight for researchers planning to use GA to recruit other older adults.A GA campaign was used to recruit family carers of people with dementia to a cross-sectional study of wellbeing.The ads were viewed more than 450,000 times in a six-week period, but only 49 surveys were completed, at a cost of $122 per survey.GA has promise, but much remains to be understood about how to maximize its potential in ageing research. Recommendations for the design of future GA campaigns are provided.
Published: 2014

82. The cost of anal cancer in England: retrospective hospital data analysis and Markov model

Author: Michael J Tempest, Stuart Carroll, Stephanie J. Stephens, Sarah T O'Dwyer, Karen Nugent, and Sam Keeping
Subjects: Male, Veterinary medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Cost estimate, Databases, Factual, Resource use, Cost-Benefit Analysis, State Medicine, medicine, Anal cancer, Humans, Reimbursement, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Cost–benefit analysis, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, medicine.disease, Anus Neoplasms, Hospitalization, England, Payment by Results, Emergency medicine, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Observational study, Female, Biostatistics, business, Research Article
Abstract: Background Anal cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach to treatment with often complex interventions. Little is known regarding the associated costs and resource use. Methods Patient records were extracted from a national hospital database to estimate the number of patients treated for anal cancer in England. Identified resource use was linked to published UK cost estimates to quantify the reimbursement of treatment through the Payment by Results system. A mathematical model was developed simultaneously to validate findings and to calculate the average 10-year cost of treating a squamous cell anal carcinoma case from diagnosis. The model utilised data from the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland's anal cancer position statement. Results On average, 1,564 patients were admitted to hospital and 389 attended an outpatient facility per year. The average annual cost per inpatient and outpatient ranged from £4,562-£5,230 and £1,146-£1,335, respectively. Based on the model estimates, the inflated cost per case was between £16,470-£16,652. Results were most sensitive to the mode of admission for primary treatment and the costs of staging/diagnosis (inflated range: £14,309-£23,264). Conclusions Despite limitations in the available data, these results indicate that the cost of treating anal cancer is significant. Further observational work is required in order to verify these findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1123) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2014

83. Paradoxical elevations in serum IGF-II and IGF binding protein-2 in acromegaly: insights into the regulation of these peptides

Author: Christopher S Potten, Andrew G Renehan, W. David J. Ryder, Stephen M Shalet, Jenny Jones, Andrew A. Toogood, and Sarah T O'Dwyer
Subjects: Molar, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Colorectal cancer, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Growth factor, medicine.medical_treatment, Binding protein, Case-control study, medicine.disease, Pathophysiology, Endocrinology, Insulin-like growth factor 2, Internal medicine, Acromegaly, medicine, biology.protein, business
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II and IGF binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) are frequently altered, often in parallel, in numerous pathologies including neoplastic disease but little is known about their normal regulation. This study compared serum IGF-II and IGFBP-2 distributions between acromegalics and a large normal adult population to explore possible determinants. PATIENTS: Sixty acromegalic patients undergoing screening colonoscopy (age range 25-81 years); normative data from 306 healthy adults (age range 20-89 years). MEASUREMENTS: Serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 were measured in healthy adults and acromegalics. Mean growth hormone (GH) levels were obtained for acromegalic patients. Differences were compared using t-tests (unadjusted) and multiple regression models (adjusted for age and gender). Correlations were expressed as Pearson's coefficient (r). RESULTS: For acromegalic patients, GH was significantly correlated with IGF-I (r = 0.50; P < 0.001) and IGFBP-3 (r = 0.29; P = 0.03) but not IGF-II or IGFBP-2. Contrary to expectations, mean IGF-II and IGFBP-2 levels were significantly raised in the acromegalics compared with normals [adjusted mean difference (95% CI) = 226 (181, 271) microg/l and 305 (200, 410) microg/l, respectively]. Ten acromegalic patients had colorectal neoplasia but their presence did not contribute to the elevations in serum IGF-II and IGFBP-2. The (IGF-I + IGF-II)/IGFBP-3 molar ratios were remarkably constant in both healthy adults and acromegalics, but the relationships of the ligands individually with IGFBP-3 were not linear: as IGFBP-3 increased, IGF-I also increased whereas IGF-II initially increased but then decreased. IGFBP-2 did not correlate with IGF-II, but molar concentration significantly correlated with the IGF-II/IGFBP-3 molar ratio (r = 0.40; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum IGF-II and IGFBP-2 levels were paradoxically elevated in acromegalics, independent of the presence of colorectal neoplasia. The (IGF-I + IGF-II)/IGFBP-3 molar ratio appears to be pivotal in determining IGF-II values, which, in turn, expressed as a ratio of IGFBP-3, is related to IGFBP-2. These observations offer new insights into the regulation of these peptides.
Published: 2001
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84. Unchanging attitudes to autologous transfusion in the UK

Author: Francesco Torella, Charles McCollum, Sarah L. Haynes, A. Lardi, and S. T. O'Dwyer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Attitude of Health Personnel, Blood Loss, Surgical, Blood Donors, Guidelines as Topic, Preoperative care, Autologous transfusion, Blood Transfusion, Autologous, Physicians, Surveys and Questionnaires, Preoperative Care, Humans, Medicine, Intensive care medicine, business.industry, Outcome measures, Thoracic Surgery, Hematology, Patient preference, United Kingdom, Surgery, Clinical trial, Orthopedics, England, Cardiothoracic surgery, General Surgery, Donation, Orthopedic surgery, business
Abstract: Our aim was to assess changes in attitudes to autologous transfusion amongst surgeons over a 10-year period in response to scientific evidence, public awareness, published guidelines, management and the increasing cost of blood products. Surgeons across the north-west of England completed questionnaires on knowledge, experience and attitude towards autologous transfusion in 1990, 1994 and 1999. Main outcome measures were changes in knowledge, experience and utilization of autologous transfusion; perceived advantages of autologous transfusion, obstacles to its implementation in surgical practice and preferences for specific techniques (preoperative autologous donation, acute normovolaemic haemodilution, intraoperative and postoperative cell salvage). There has been little change in practice over 10 years. Many more surgeons were keen to employ autologous transfusion than were using it. Autologous transfusion was only used in general, orthopaedic and cardiothoracic surgery. Safety and patient preference were the main arguments for implementation and logistics the main obstacles. Autologous transfusion was used sporadically in surgical practice. Clinical trials are needed to guide clinicians in the choice of transfusion techniques.
Published: 2001
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85. Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor II and Colorectal Adenomas*

Author: Domhnall J O'Halloran, John E. Painter, Christopher S Potten, Andrew G Renehan, Stephen M Shalet, Wendy Atkin, and Sarah T O'Dwyer
Subjects: Adenoma, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, Colonoscopy, Rectum, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, Insulin-Like Growth Factor II, Internal medicine, Blood plasma, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Sigmoidoscopy, Tumor marker, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2, medicine.anatomical_structure, Hyperplastic Polyp, Regression Analysis, Female, Colorectal Neoplasms, business
Abstract: Circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) may be risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer. On the other hand, IGF-II and IGFBP-2 are overexpressed in colorectal carcinomas. These contrasting backgrounds led us to investigate the relationship between serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 and the presence of colorectal adenomas, known precursors of colorectal carcinoma, in 345 volunteers attending a screening flexible sigmoidoscopy trial (entry criteria: healthy, aged 55–64 yr). The most striking finding was an elevated mean serum IGF-II in individuals with adenomas (n = 52) compared with controls (mean difference, 139 ng/mL; 95% confidence intervals, 82, 196; P < 0.0001). Logistic regression adjusting for confounding factors confirmed the significant association between IGF-II and adenoma occurrence (P < 0.0001) and revealed an additional positive association with serum IGFBP-2 (P < 0.0001). However, there was no association found between either serum IGF-I and/or IGFBP-3 and the presence of adenomas. Additionally, in 31 individuals with adenomas in whom levels were determined pre- and postpolypectomy, there was a significant fall in mean IGF-II (P < 0.001) and IGFBP-2 (P < 0.001) after adenoma removal, but no difference in IGF-II and IGFBP-2 concentrations between repeated samples in 20 individuals without adenomas. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated IGF-II expression in 83% of all adenomas, which contrasted with absent expression in normal colonic expression and hyperplastic polyps. This study has shown for the first time that serum IGF-II may be a tumor marker in individuals with colorectal adenomas. Further studies are needed to validate these relationships in larger populations, including individuals undergoing colonoscopy.
Published: 2000
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86. Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate increases the therapeutic index of 5-fluorouracil in a mouse model

Author: Rebecca Chinery, Christopher S Potten, Robert J. Coffey, Sarah T O'Dwyer, Alastair J.M. Watson, and Simon P. Bach
Subjects: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic, Pyrrolidines, Colon, Cell, Mitosis, Apoptosis, Mice, Inbred Strains, Biology, Pharmacology, Antioxidants, Mice, Therapeutic index, Thiocarbamates, Intestine, Small, medicine, Animals, Drug Interactions, Large intestine, Clonogenic assay, TUNEL assay, Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Small intestine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Toxicity, Immunology, Fluorouracil
Abstract: Background & Aims: The thiol-containing antioxidant pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) enhances the cytotoxic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) against human colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. This process appears to be mediated by a sustained increase in p21 expression, independent of p53 function, resulting in growth arrest and apoptosis. We determined whether PDTC augmented 5-FU intestinal toxicity in non–tumor-bearing mice. Methods: Apoptotic and mitotic indices were measured in the small and large intestine on a cell positional basis at intervals throughout the 72-hour period after administration of 5-FU (40 mg/kg) and PDTC (250 mg/kg). The proportion of crypts regenerating after 5-FU (600-1200 mg/kg) and PDTC (500 mg/kg) was also measured. Results: 5-FU therapy induces substantial apoptotic cell death with simultaneous inhibition of mitotic activity within the small and large intestinal epithelium. PDTC reduces 5-FU–induced apoptotic events in the colon by 49%, predominantly among clonogenic stem and transit cells while promoting the early recovery of mitotic activity. As a consequence, PDTC increased the proportion of regenerating colonic crypts after 5-FU therapy. PDTC did not, however, significantly modulate 5-FU toxicity in the small intestine. Conclusions: PDTC does not augment the intestinal toxicity of 5-FU and actually protects the colonic mucosa. These results support further investigation of PDTC and related compounds as treatments for colorectal cancer. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2000;118:81-89
Published: 2000
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87. Evolution of Treatments for Peritoneal Metastases From Colorectal Cancer

Author: Sarah T O'Dwyer, Vic J. Verwaal, and Paul H. Sugarbaker
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, MEDLINE, Disease, Medical Oncology, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Peritonectomy, Humans, Medicine, Infusions, Parenteral, Neoplasm Metastasis, Peritoneal Neoplasms, Complete response, Clinical Trials as Topic, business.industry, Cancer, Congresses as Topic, Clinical Trials as Topic Colorectal Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy Combined Modality Therapy/methods Congresses as Topic Humans *Infusions, Parenteral Medical Oncology/standards Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology/*therapy Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary/*therapy Practice Guidelines as Topic, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Abdomen, Colorectal Neoplasms, business
Abstract: TO THE EDITOR: In the early 1980s, a surgical approach to the definitive management of peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer began to evolve. Two new surgical maneuvers were developed for peritonealmetastasesfromcolorectalcancertobetreatedwithcureas an outcome. Peritonectomy procedures were necessary in an attempt to resect all visible evidence of peritoneal dissemination. 1 In an effort to preserve the surgical complete response, intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mitomycin was used in the operating room with heat (hyperthermic perioperative chemotherapy [HIPEC]) or in the early postoperative period. 2,3 The goal of this regional chemotherapy was the eradication of microscopic residual disease within the abdomen and pelvis. Optimal integration into the total care of the patient with colorectal or appendiceal cancer has become a necessary topic of discussion for the multidisciplinary team. The broad application of these treatments for colorectal peritoneal metastases has been generously supported by the oncology literature. A large multi-institutional collection of data, 4 a randomized controlled study, 2 a national database, 5 a systematic review, 6 and at least 50 singleinstitutional reports all showed benefit for cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plusHIPECforthedefinitivemanagementofperitonealmetastasesfrom colorectal cancer. Data to support a curative approach to peritoneal metastases are greater than that for liver metastases. 7 In recognition of these data and to clarify the standard of care, national guidelines regarding the management of peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer have been formulated. The Netherlands, France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, Norway, Korea, and Italy have all clearly stated that selected patients should be treated at experienced centers. Inarecentattempttoinitiateauniformstandardofcarearoundthe
Published: 2015
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88. Pseudomyxoma peritonei: unusual origin from an ovarian mature cystic teratoma

Author: Malcolm S Wilson, Nagarajan Pranesh, Lia P Menasce, and Sarah T O'Dwyer
Subjects: Adult, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Ovary, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary, Peritoneal Neoplasm, Short Reports, medicine, Humans, Pseudomyxoma peritonei, neoplasms, Peritoneal Neoplasms, Ovarian Neoplasms, business.industry, Teratoma, General Medicine, Pseudomyxoma Peritonei, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Appendix, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Histopathology, business, Ovarian cancer, Ovarian Cystic Teratoma
Abstract: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is classified into pathologically and prognostically distinct categories, such as disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis (DPAM) and peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis. There is overwhelming evidence that DPAM arises from a mucinous adenoma of the appendix. The one exception to this is the presentation of a mature ovarian cystic teratoma as PMP where the appendix is normal. This report describes such a case and discusses the presentation, histopathology, and treatment options.
Published: 2005
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89. Radiation bowel disease: pathogenesis and management

Author: Sarah T O'Dwyer, O El-Zammar, N Y Haboubi, and R J James
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Text mining, business.industry, Gastroenterology, MEDLINE, medicine, Disease pathogenesis, Bioinformatics, business
Published: 2013

90. The motivations of Irish Third World development workers

Author: T Woodhouse and T O'Dwyer
Subjects: Irish, Third world, Perception, media_common.quotation_subject, language, Gender studies, Psychology, Social psychology, General Psychology, language.human_language, media_common
Abstract: This article presents an analysis of the motivations of Irish development workers (DWs) working in the Third World. The DWs’ motivations in going overseas are identified and compared with their supervisors’ perceptions of what should be the primary purpose of DWs going overseas. The DWs’ motivations are then examined in the light of other theoretical and empirical findings including, in particular, those findings on Irish people’s values vis a vis the Third World. The findings show the DWs’ motivations are predominantly altruistic, though more caring than liberating. These findings are consistent with Irish people’s values.
Published: 1996
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91. Consensus statement on the multidisciplinary management of patients with recurrent and primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision planes

Author: S. T. O'Dwyer, J. E. Fitzgerald, Alex H. Mirnezami, David Sebag-Montefiore, C. J. Swallow, Frank A. Frizelle, Brendan J. Moran, Edward C.T.H. Tan, P. C. Rasmussen, D. Dietz, N. van As, R. Hompes, Pallavi Sagar, Bruce George, S. M. Ali, D. McArthur, A. Desai, Paris Tekkis, P. R. O'Connell, A. Dziki, R. Guy, J. H W de Wilt, A. Pallan, Malcolm S Wilson, Dean A. Harris, Ashish Gupta, R. J. Nicholls, Panagiotis Georgiou, Alexander G. Heriot, J. Faria, John T. Jenkins, R. P. Kiran, N. Mortensen, Rob Glynne-Jones, L. Jeys, D. Herzig, Robert D. Goldin, K. W D Ramsey, Anthony Antoniou, P. Bose, T. Wiggers, Eric J. Dozois, M. Marshall, Wai Lun Law, Harm J. T. Rutten, Diana Tait, K. Boyle, Gina Brown, S. Radley, Cherry E. Koh, Christopher H. Crane, P. Colquhoun, D. Burling, M. L. George, M. Duff, G. Chang, Partha Das, Conor P. Delaney, L. Stocchi, Uday B. Patel, Des C. Winter, Aneel Bhangu, A. Oliver, Michael J. Solomon, Prashant Patel, T. Vuong, C.R.J. Woodhouse, Torbjörn Holm, C. Richard, Susan K. Clark, G. Branagan, Søren Laurberg, Deena Harji, J. Beynon, A. S. Liberman, Ara Darzi, Maria A. Hawkins, M. Davies, and E. Myers
Subjects: Diagnostic Imaging, medicine.medical_specialty, Referral, Delphi Technique, Colorectal cancer, MEDLINE, Delphi method, Quality of Care [ONCOL 4], Quality of life, Multidisciplinary approach, Medicine, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Staging, Patient Care Team, business.industry, Rectal Neoplasms, General surgery, medicine.disease, Total mesorectal excision, Long-Term Care, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Surgery, Long-term care, Evaluation of complex medical interventions [NCEBP 2], Positron-Emission Tomography, Quality of Life, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract: Consensus abstract Background The management of primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision planes (PRC-bTME) and recurrent rectal cancer (RRC) is challenging. There is global variation in standards and no guidelines exist. To achieve cure most patients require extended, multivisceral, exenterative surgery, beyond conventional total mesorectal excision planes. The aim of the Beyond TME Group was to achieve consensus on the definitions and principles of management, and to identify areas of research priority. Methods Delphi methodology was used to achieve consensus. The Group consisted of invited experts from surgery, radiology, oncology and pathology. The process included two international dedicated discussion conferences, formal feedback, three rounds of editing and two rounds of anonymized web-based voting. Consensus was achieved with more than 80 per cent agreement; less than 80 per cent agreement indicated low consensus. During conferences held in September 2011 and March 2012, open discussion took place on areas in which there is a low level of consensus. Results The final consensus document included 51 voted statements, making recommendations on ten key areas of PRC-bTME and RRC. Consensus agreement was achieved on the recommendations of 49 statements, with 34 achieving consensus in over 95 per cent. The lowest level of consensus obtained was 76 per cent. There was clear identification of the need for referral to a specialist multidisciplinary team for diagnosis, assessment and further management. Conclusion The consensus process has provided guidance for the management of patients with PRC-bTME or RRC, taking into account global variations in surgical techniques and technology. It has further identified areas of research priority.
Published: 2013
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92. Minimally invasive cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy - a video vignette

Author: Sarah T O'Dwyer, Omer Aziz, Chelliah Selvasekar, T Bullen, Malcolm S Wilson, Andrew G Renehan, and Paul E Fulford
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Natural orifice, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, Hyperthermia induced, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, Combined Modality Therapy, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, Cytoreductive surgery, business
Abstract: We submit a video of the highlights of three cases of laparoscopic cytoreductive surgery and heated intra-peritoneal chemotherapy. These cases point to some of the challenges of laparoscopic cytoreductive surgery and logical variations such as natural orifice specimen extraction, performed in the third case. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016
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93. Cardiovascular risk factor changes in the Kilkenny Health Project

Author: E. SHELLEY, L. DALY, C. COLLINS, M. CHRISTIE, R. CONROY, M. GIBNEY, N. HICKEY, C. KELLEHER, D. KILCOYNE, P. LEE, R. MULCAHY, P. MURRAY, T. O'DWYER, A. RADIC, and I. GRAHAM
Subjects: Gerontology, education.field_of_study, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, Population, Coronary heart disease, Health promotion, Blood pressure, Community health, Medicine, Risk factor, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, education, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract: The Kilkenny Health Project was a community research and demonstration programme which aimed to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease in a county in the south-east of Ireland with a total population of approximately 70 000. The health promotion programme was carried out in Kilkenny from 1985 to 1992. Outcome evaluation was by means of population surveys of independent samples of men and women aged 35 to 64 years in Kilkenny (n approximately 800) and in the reference county (n approximately 600) in 1985/1986 and in 1990/1991. Survey methods for health behaviour questionnaires and risk factor measurements were similar to those of the WHO MONICA Project. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) declined significantly (P
Published: 1995
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94. Cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy with synchronous liver resection

Author: Malcolm S Wilson, Sarah T O'Dwyer, Andrew G Renehan, Omer Aziz, Chelliah Selvasekar, Paul E Fulford, Rebecca Fish, and Rahul Deshpande
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Intraperitoneal chemotherapy, Surgery, Resection, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Cytoreductive surgery
Published: 2016
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95. Sir Peter Freyer Memorial Lecture and Surgical Symposium 15th and 16th September, 1995

Author: J. Calleary, C. Tansey, J. McCormack, S. Kapur, J. Doyle, J. Flynn, A. J. Curran, D. Smyth, B. Kane, M. Toner, C. V. I. Timon, K. J. Cronin, J. O’Donoghue, F. X. Darmanin, J. McCann, F. Campbell, H. P. Redmond, C. Condron, D. Bouchier-Hayes, K. Aizaz, S. W. MacGowan, A. F. O’Donnell, D. A. Luke, E. McGovern, M. Morrin, F. Khan, P. V. Delaney, S. M. Lavelle, B. Kanagaratnam, V. Cuervas-Mons, A. Gauthier, C. Gips, R. Marques dos Santos, G. P. Molino, A. Theodossi, D. D. Tsiftsis, C. J. O. Boyle, T. J. Boyle, M. J. Kerin, D. M. Courtney, D. S. Quill, H. F. Given, D. F. O’Brien, E. J. Kelly, J. Kelly, D. Richardson, N. F. Fanning, R. Brennan, P. G. Horgan, F. B. V. Keane, S. Reid, C. Walsh, R. Patock, J. Hall, D. Evoy, M. Magd-Eldin, D. Curran, P. Keeling, N. Ade-Ajayi, L. Spitz, E. Kiely, D. Drake, N. Klein, D. M. O’Hanlon, D. Karat, K. Callanan, W. Crisp, S. M. Griffin, P. M. Murchan, B. Mancey-Jones, P. Sedman, C. J. Mitchell, J. Macfie, D. Scott, S. Raimes, C. J. O’Boyle, D. Maher, P. C. Willsher, J. F. R. Robertson, M. Hilaly, R. W. Blarney, S. G. Shering, S. Mitrovic, A. Rahim, E. W. McDermott, N. J. O’Higgins, C. A. Murphy, D. Morgan, C. W. Elston, I. O. Ellis, M. P. O’Sullivan, M. G. O’Riordain, J. P. Stack, M. K. Barry, J. T. Ennis, J. M. Fitzpatrick, T. F. Gorey, J. Kollis, H. Mullet, D. F. Smith, A. Zbar, M. J. Murray, E. W. M. McDermott, P. P. A. Smyth, N. Kapucouglu, S. Holmes, P. Holland, P. T. McCollum, A. da Silva, L. de Cossart, D. Hamilton, C. J. Kelly, K. Stokes, P. Broe, J. Crinnion, P. A. Grace, N. Morton, N. Ross, S. Naidu, P. Gervaz, R. J. Holdsworth, P. A. Stonebridge, A. O’Donnell, K. Carson, D. Phelan, S. McBrinn, D. McCarthy, H. Javadpour, J. McCarthy, M. Neligan, M. T. P. Caldwell, J. P. McGrath, P. J. Byrne, T. N. Walsh, P. Lawlor, C. Timon, R. C. Stuart, K. Murray, A. Carney, J. G. Johnston, B. Egan, P. R. O’Connell, J. Donoghue, A. Pollock, D. Hyde, D. Hourihan, W. A. Tanner, J. Donohue, N. Fanning, P. Horgan, A. Mahmood, K. Dave, J. Stewart, A. Cole, R. Hartley, T. G. Brennan, J. M. O’Donoghue, S. T. O’Sullivan, E. Beausang, J. Panchal, M. O’Shaughnessy, P. O’Grady, R. W. G. Watson, D. Johnstone, J. O’Donnell, E. McCarthy, N. Flynn, T. O’Dwyer, C. Curran, S. Duggan, S. Tierney, Z. Qian, P. A. Lipsett, H. A. Pitt, K. D. Lillemoe, J. Kollias, D. A. L. Morgan, I. S. Young, M. C. Regan, J. G. Geraghty, C. B. O. Suilleabhain, M. L. Rodrick, A. F. Horgan, J. A. Mannick, J. A. Lederer, T. P. J. Hennessy, M. Canney, K. Feeley, C. E. Connolly, H. Abdih, N. Finnegan, M. Da Costa, M. Shafii, A. J. Martin, D. Mulcahy, M. Dolan, M. Stephens, F. McManus, M. Walsh, D. P. O’Brien, J. P. Phillips, T. A. Carroll, D. O’Brien, D. Rawluk, T. Sullivan, K. Herbert, M. Kerins, M. O’Donnell, D. Lawlor, M. McHugh, G. Edwards, J. Rice, J. P. McCabe, J. Sparkes, S. Hayes, M. Corcoran, H. Bredin, D. O’Keeffe, J. Candon, E. D. Mulligan, T. H. Lynch, D. Mulvin, L. Vingers, J. M. Smith, H. Corby, K. Barry, I. Eardley, J. Frick, B. Goldwasser, P. Wiklund, E. Rogers, R. Weaver, P. T. Scardino, R. Kumar, P. Puri, A. B. Adeyoju, T. Lynch, J. Corr, T. E. D. McDermott, R. Grainger, J. Thornhill, M. Butler, D. Keegan, N. Hegarty, P. McCarthy, A. H. Mirza, M. O’Sullivan, P. Neary, T. P. F. O’Connor, D. McCormack, K. Cunningham, N. Cassidy, K. Mulhall, M. Murphy, A. Puri, B. Dhaif, P. D. Carey, R. J. Delicata, F. Abbasakoor, R. B. Stephens, A. J. Hussey, B. Garrihy, D. J. Nolan, O. J. McAnena, R. Fitzgerald, D. Watson, B. J. Coventry, P. Malycha, S. C. Ward, S. P. Y. Kwok, W. Y. Lau, J. W. Bergman, G. E. B. Hacking, C. Metreweli, A. K. C. Li, P. Madhavan, J. Donohoe, M. O’Donohue, D. A. McNamara, and M. K. O’Donohoe
Subjects: business.industry, Medicine, General Medicine, business, Classics
Published: 1995
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96. Lymph node harvest in colon and rectal cancer: Current considerations

Author: Sarah T O'Dwyer, James R McDonald, Andrew G Renehan, and Najib Haboubi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Colorectal cancer, Improved survival, Disease, Review, medicine.disease, Node negative, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Medicine, business, Lymph node, Clinical treatment, Chemoradiotherapy, Cancer staging
Abstract: The prognostic significance of identifying lymph node (LN) metastases following surgical resection for colon and rectal cancer is well recognized and is reflected in accurate staging of the disease. An established body of evidence exists, demonstrating an association between a higher total LN count and improved survival, particularly for node negative colon cancer. In node positive disease, however, the lymph node ratios may represent a better prognostic indicator, although the impact of this on clinical treatment has yet to be universally established. By extension, strategies to increase surgical node harvest and/or laboratory methods to increase LN yield seem logical and might improve cancer staging. However, debate prevails as to whether or not these extrapolations are clinically relevant, particularly when very high LN counts are sought. Current guidelines recommend a minimum of 12 nodes harvested as the standard of care, yet the evidence for such is questionable as it is unclear whether an increasing the LN count results in improved survival. Findings from modern treatments, including down-staging in rectal cancer using pre-operative chemoradiotherapy, paradoxically suggest that lower LN count, or indeed complete absence of LNs, are associated with improved survival; implying that using a specific number of LNs harvested as a measure of surgical quality is not always appropriate. The pursuit of a sufficient LN harvest represents good clinical practice; however, recent evidence shows that the exhaustive searching for very high LN yields may be unnecessary and has little influence on modern approaches to treatment.
Published: 2011

97. Management of local disease relapse

Author: A G, Renehan and S T, O'Dwyer
Subjects: Salvage Therapy, Terminology as Topic, Humans, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Anus Neoplasms
Published: 2011

98. Initial management through the anal cancer multidisciplinary team meeting

Author: A G, Renehan and S T, O'Dwyer
Subjects: Patient Care Team, Humans, Anus Neoplasms
Published: 2011

99. Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

Author: Andrew G. Renehan, Sarah T. O’Dwyer, and Peter L. Stern
Published: 2011
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100. Screening colonoscopy for acromegaly in perspective*

Author: Sarah T O'Dwyer, Andrew G Renehan, and Stephen M Shalet
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, business.industry, Colorectal cancer, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, General surgery, Perspective (graphical), Acromegaly, medicine, Screening colonoscopy, medicine.disease, business, Risk assessment
Published: 2001
Full Text: View/download PDF

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