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Students’ engagement in E-learning applications is considered an important factor for learning. There is an evidence in the literature on the influence of students’ engagement on their learning outcomes and achievement. Sound utilization in E-learning applications is expected to influence the students’ engagement in such applications. However, research is required to provide more evidences on such influence. The current study adopted the arousal theory, to check whether adding sound’s elements (voiceovers, background music and sound effects) to the E-learning applications would improve the students’ engagement in such applications. The participants are non-English speaking undergraduate students (N = 272) from a public university in Jordan. They were randomly assigned to the study groups to use one of the eight E-learning applications with different levels of sound’s elements to measure the students’ engagement in these groups. The study has employed the Analysis of Covariance, ANCOVA, to investigate the proposed hypotheses, and compare the students’ engagement among the study groups. The results showed that the sound’s elements, especially voiceovers, positively influence the students' engagement, when controlling for students’ age, gender, and their prior experience with E-learning applications. These results contribute to theory by confirming the arousal theory in the context of students' engagement in E-learning applications. Practitioners and designers can also be informed, by our results, in designing more engaging educational applications.

Aim of this study is to determine the potential and working vocal range in the results of objective and subjective voice range evaluation in elementary school girls – solo singers. Theoretical part contains review of other authors’ studies related to child’s voice range from 6 to 12 years. Practical part of the study offered making of the phonetogram by using Voice Range Profile software (CSL 4500, Kay Pentax, USA) as an objective method for voice range evaluation. For subjective voice analysis, a voice range evaluation in form of vocal exercises was performed. It is understood that the objective voice evaluation reflects the potential of girls’ voice range, while the subjective evaluation – current working voice range. Fourteen girls attending solo singing classes were part of this study (medium age: 9.14 years; SD: 1.79 years; age range: 6-12 years). Three study groups were formed: 6-8 year old girls (n = 5); 9-10 year old girls (n=5); 11-12 year old girls (n=4). In 6-8 year old girls, VRP was from sol# (204.31 Hz, SD: 26, 05) to do3 (1047.72, SD: 409.70), but in subjective voice range evaluation, it was from la (220.28 Hz, SD: 18.88) to fa2 (775.90 Hz, SD: 70.64). In the group from 9-10 year old girls VRP range was from fa (171.25 Hz, SD: 16.03) to re#3 (1224.47 Hz, SD: 156.12), but current working voice range was from sol (208.79 Hz, SD: 24.90) to sol#2 (842.20 Hz, SD: 132.80). In 11-12 years old girls objective VRP results were fa# (186.54 Hz, SD: 27.76) to re#3 (1277.61 Hz, SD: 80.09), while from sol (208.23 Hz, SD: 12.16) to si2 (933.46 Hz, SD: 175.22) the work range was. In discussion part findings by other authors are compared to the objective and subjective voice range data acquired in this study. It is concluded that potential child’s voice range in girls 6-12 years of age exceeds two octaves yet working range reaches up to two octaves.

To compare the efficacy of trehalose-HA eye drops versus 0.1% hyaluronic acid for the treatment of dry eye.This prospective, comparative, contralateral eye study included sixty eligible patients (mean age 44.13 ± 14.53 years). Patients having a SPEED questionnaire score of 16 or above, objective scatter index (OSI) 1 and non-invasive tear break up time (NIBUT) of 10 s or less were included in the study. Eyes were randomized to receive 0.1% hyaluronic acid (HA) in one eye and trehalose-HA eye drops in the contralateral eye. At baseline, 1- and 3-month follow-ups, OSI, NIBUT, MG loss, tear meniscus height (TMH) and tear film osmolarity (TFO) were evaluated using non-invasive modalities RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in NIBUT, TMH, OSI, SPEED questionnaire score in the trehalose-HA compared to the 0.1% HA group at both 1- and 3-month visits (p 0.05). In both the study groups, compared to the baseline, the mean values of TFO, MG loss, OSI and SPEED questionnaire score significantly reduced at 3 months (p 0.05). The mean values of NIBUT and tear meniscus height on the other hand showed a significant increase compared to the baseline values (p 0.05). Both drugs were well tolerated by the study participants without any significant ocular side effects.Trehalose-HA was found to be more effective than 0.1% HA eye drops in the management of symptomatic dry eye, as shown by significant reduction in NIBUT, TMH and OSI, when evaluated using non-invasive modalities of dry eye evaluation.

The aim of the work is to develop forensic criteria for differential diagnosis of traumatic hemorrhages (HTG), ischemic stroke (IS), and hemorrhages of nontraumatic genesis (HNG) formation by 3D Mueller-matrix microscopy of layers of azimuthal-invariant Mueller-matrix images of circular birefringence of histological sections of the brain. Material and methods. Native sections of brain taken from 110 corpses were used for the study in the case of: death from coronary heart disease - 20 (18.1%) native sections (group 1 - control); HTG - 30 (27.3%) sections (group 2), IIB - 30 (27.3%) sections (group 3), HNG - 30 (27.3%) sections (group 4). Measurement of the values of the distribution of coordinate parameters of polarization at the points of microscopic images was performed at the location of the standard Stokes polarimeter. Results. It is found that for each of the phase cross-sections of the field, the volume of distributions of complex amplitudes of sensitivity, specificity and balanced accuracy of statistical analysis of coordinate distributions of Mueller-matrix invariants of circular dichroism have maximum values for small phase shifts corresponding to their level. The maximum level of balanced accuracy of intergroup differentiation was revealed by calculating statistical moments of the 3rd and 4th order, which characterize the asymmetry and excess distributions of the Mueller-matrix invariants values of circular dichroism of histological sections of brain substance. Conclusions. Excellent balanced accuracy (95% - 96%) of differential diagnosis was achieved between the control group and all study groups, good accuracy (92% - 93%) between ischemic stroke and traumatic hemorrhage and satisfactory accuracy (85% - 86%) between traumatic and hemorrhagic strokes genesis.

Kumutnart Chanprapaph, Thanapon Sutharaphan, Poonkiat Suchonwanit Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Poonkiat SuchonwanitDivision of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, ThailandTel +66-2-2011141Fax +66-2-201-1211 ext 4Email poonkiat@hotmail.comBackground: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in men. Its prevalence increases with advancing age. Characteristics of hair loss in male AGA reveal the possibility of different biophysical and physiological profiles between androgen-sensitive (vertex) and androgen-insensitive (occipital) scalps. However, these variations have not been well investigated.Objective: We aimed to evaluate and compare scalp biophysical and physiological characteristics in male AGA patients and healthy controls.Methods: Scalp biophysiological profiles were evaluated by non-invasive measuring techniques, including skin surface lipids (SSL), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) on both vertex and occipital areas. Values were compared between scalp areas and study groups. Participants with AGA were further categorized based on disease severity (Hamilton–Norwood classification) for subgroup analyses. Correlation coefficients were evaluated to determine the effects of AGA severity and age on each functional parameter.Results: Participants were 31 AGA subjects and 31 healthy controls. The vertex scalp of AGA patients had significantly higher SSL (p = 0.03) and lower SCH (p = 0.02) compared to the occipital scalp. TEWL was not significantly different (p = 0.31). AGA group SSL showed a positive correlation with severity of hair loss (r = 0.61, p = 0.03). When compared to controls, the AGA group vertex scalp had significantly higher SSL (p = 0.03) and lower TEWL (p < 0.001). The occipital area showed no statistically significant differences.Conclusion: Male AGA presents with different biophysical and physiological characteristics in androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive areas, and with further differences from controls. These findings could direct further research and aid in the development of optimal hair and scalp treatments to improve scalp functional profiles in particular patients.Keywords: alopecia, hair loss, hydration, sebum, transepidermal water loss

We studied the interplay of intercultural competence, intercultural experiences, and creativity among Russian students from Moscow (N = 272). We expected the students from culturally diverse groups, attending the courses on cultural issues, to be more creative. We based our expectation on the idea that cultural diversity and cultural learning are associated with a higher level of intercultural competence that might contribute to students’ creativity. We measured the intercultural experiences by cultural diversity of study groups (a number of foreign students in the groups and the intensity of friendly contacts with them) and by cultural learning (a number of culture-related courses that students attended). We measured creativity by the “Many Instances Game” from the Runco Creativity Assessment Battery (rCAB). We measured intercultural competence by the adapted scale of Fantini and Tirmizi. We discovered positive associations of intercultural experiences in the university with students’ creativity. Such components of intercultural competence as attitudes and skills (the adaptability of behavior), played an important role in the students’ creativity. The attitudes were positive and the skills were negative, related to the creativity. We also revealed that these two components of intercultural competence mediated the relationship between the intercultural experiences and creativity of students. Based on the results, we discussed the factors of the educational environment which may enhance or prohibit creativity.

The restoration processes of damaged or lost bone tissue are an important and topical issue of surgical dentistry and maxillofacial surgery today. According to statistics, diseases that are accompaning by destructive changes in bone tissue occupy one of the dominant places among the nosologies of MFA. Along with the use of updated methods of surgical technique, both before and now the problem of choice of bone-plastic material is relevant, because it is known that osteoplasty opens up great opportunities for complete rehabilitation of patients. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of our developed osteoplastic composition for the restoration of bone defects in dentistry. Materials and methods. X-ray computed tomography to determine bone density was performed in 26 patients with bone defect replacement "Kolapan-L" (group A), 28 people during augmentation of our proposed osteoplastic composition "Kolapan-L" + multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells + platelet-rich plasma) (group B), and 25 patients where the healing of the bone defect occurred spontaneously (group B). X-ray computed tomography was performed on a 16-slice spiral computed tomography Siemens Somatom Emotionc. Image processing was performed using the program "Dicom". Statistical processing of research results was carried out using conventional methods of variation statistics. Results and discussion. After 1 year of research, the average value of the bone density in patients of group B was probably higher: 1.5 times and 1.8 times relative to the corresponding data in groups A and B. At the same time, the minimum value of the bone density in patients of subgroups A and B was 1.5 times and 1.8 times lower than in persons of group B (p

This article describes an investigation into the level of satisfaction among students at Spain’s National Distance Education University (UNED) regarding use of Facebook groups as an environment for learning. Based on a structural equation methodology, the research analyzed the most relevant personal and socio-educational factors that affect satisfaction. The sample consisted of 418 undergraduate and master’s degree students at UNED’s Faculty of Education; participants were consulted in three semesters between September 2019 and January 2021. The results showed that students who participated in Facebook study groups achieved better results than those who did not, and that they interacted more frequently in these groups than in UNED’s official learning management system. The main latent variables that influenced satisfaction with Facebook study groups were the perception of efficacy they elicited as a complement to distance learning by enabling greater interaction with other students, and the feeling of course companionship they provided. The absence of teacher control also influenced student satisfaction, which allowed students to focus on learning and achieving better results in tests and exams.

Introduction: Early tangential excision (TE) and split-thickness skin graft (STSG) have increased the outcome in burn patients treated at specialized burn centers. This study was conducted to compare the length of stay (LOS) in burn patients undergoing early TE & STSG and delayed TE & STSG. Method: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study including 42 patients with varied burn degrees, and TBSA admitted to Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih (JIHCP) Burn Unit. Patients were assigned to two study groups, the early TE & STSG group including 32 patients and the delayed TE & STSG group including 10 patients. All data were collected from the medical record and compared between two study groups. Result: The mean of LOS in a group with early TE & STSG was shorter (9.81±6.41 days) than LOS in the delayed TE & STSG group (15.80±5.67 days). The data of LOS between these groups were compared using an independent T-test. The LOS in the early TE & STSG group was significantly shorter than the delayed TE & STSG group (p=0.012). Conclusion: In patients with burn injuries, early TE & STSG is associated with a shorter length of stay than the delayed TE & STSG. Our study indicates that early excision within five days after burn injury is optimal to reduce the length of stay in burn patients.

Quasi-median graphs have been introduced by Mulder in 1980 as a generalisation of median graphs, known in geometric group theory to naturally coincide with the class of CAT(0) cube complexes. In his PhD thesis, the author showed that quasi-median graphs may be useful to study groups as well. In the present paper, we propose a gentle introduction to the theory of groups acting on quasi-median graphs., 16 pages. Comments are welcome

The study aimed to measure the impact of social media on academic achievement among a sample of Northern Border University students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study seeks to reach a cognitive perception to recognize the effect of using social media on academic achievement in university students. It relied upon the quantitative and qualitative distribution of each type of social media application among students to determine the importance of social media informing study groups amongst themselves and with faculty members. This helped to identify the negative and positive effects of using social media applications on the process of academic achievement among Northern Border University students. To achieve those objectives, the researchers used the descriptive survey methodology, with the questionnaire used as a study tool. The most prominent results showed that a wide range of students at the University is highly interested in using social media in academic achievement and in communicating with the Faculty members. The study also concluded with a proposal to increase the activation of social media as an important tool for increasing the rate of academic achievement among Northern Border University students.

To identify baseline characteristics of subjects enrolled in the READ-3 study that would predict the response of macular edema to ranibizumab (RBZ) therapy at year 1. In this post hoc analysis of the READ-3 randomized, multicenter phase 2 clinical trial, subjects with diabetic macular edema (DME) were randomized to receive monthly intravitreal injections of RBZ (0.5 or 2.0 mg) for 6 consecutive injections followed by as-needed treatments based on pre-defined retreatment criteria. In this sub-study, subjects were divided into three groups (persistent, rebound, and resolved) based on edema status at month 12 (M12). Multi-logistic regression was utilized to assess the probability of edema outcomes M12, based on the baseline characteristics. One hundred twenty-three out of 152 subjects were analyzed for this sub-study. A significant difference was observed in the baseline (BL) central subfield thickness (CST) among the study groups (p 80% probability of the subject having persistent edema if BL CST was > 570 μm (p 80% probability of edema persistence at CST > 570 μm [RR, 1.006; p 0.05). Subjects with high CST (> 570 μm) at baseline may not benefit from repeated intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF for resolution of edema.

The quality of students in school has a lot of diversity, this makes students have different levels of understanding. This can be seen from the variety of student scores obtained on report card scores, this needs to be a concern for the school, especially teachers. One of them is by forming effective study groups so that every student has the opportunity to excel. So this research was carried out with the aim of helping schools, especially teachers, to map student study groups evenly based on student report cards obtained in Semester I to Semester IV. The method used was clustering with the K-Means algorithm on the report card scores of Class IX.C students at SMP Pembangunan Laboratorium UNP. The results in this study obtained 3 clusters of students, namely students with High Achievement, Achievement and Less Achievement. This research can be used as a guide for teaching teachers in making decisions about the formation of student study groups in Class IX.C.

Introduction: What will be the prevalence of dyschromatopsia in aviator pilots and their relation to aeronautica llabor factors?, comparative study. Introduction. Persons with defects in the perception of colors make more mistakes, take more time to react, and need tobe nearer to the colored objects, compared with who see colors in a normal way, this deficiency is named dyschromatopsia or commonly called Daltonism, in honorto John Dalton (1794)1. Objective: Determinate the prevalence of dyschromatopsia in the flying pilots and itsrelation with aeronautical labor factors. Methods: It was realized a comparative study in three study groups, two groups of flying pilots and a control group, through the use of two methods to diagnose: the Ishihara plates and the Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue and the first stage of a labor situational diagnostic was carried out to identify, reckon up, define and analyze risks that could explain the probable causes of acquired dyschromatopsia. Results: The prevalence of dyschromatopsia in flying pilots and the control group, for this study, was similar to that described in the literature.The frequency of acquired color blindness was higher in the group of rotary wing pilots. Conclusion: It was found statistical association between alcohol consumption and acquired dyschromatopsia.

Objetivo: La capacidad intelectual (CI) y las funciones ejecutivas (FE) influyen en el rendimiento académico, lo que a su vez se asocia con la deserción universitaria que es un fenómeno que afecta a la sociedad colombiana en general. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los factores de la CI y de la FE que tienen que ver con el bajo rendimiento y con el alto rendimiento académico en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal de dos grupos (bajo y alto rendimiento académico), de tipo analítico, prospectivo. Resultados: Todas las variables de CI y de FE mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos del estudio (p≤0.05), con mejor ejecución por parte de los estudiantes con alto rendimiento académico. Conclusiones: Se encontraron déficits ejecutivos y en el CI, así como en la mayoría de las dimensiones de FE en los estudiantes con bajo rendimiento, tales como menor rendimiento en la organización y categorización verbal, la memoria operativa verbal, la categorización visual y el control inhibitorio, sin que hubiera alteraciones en flexibilidad cognitiva. En el grupo de menor rendimiento también se observó mayor velocidad de la memoria operativa visual que podría entenderse como compensatoria.

تهدف الدراسة للتحقق من التساؤل الآتي: ما مدى فاعلية برنامج قائم على استخدام استراتيجيات ما وراء المعرفة في تنمية الفهم القرائي؟ وتکونت عينة الدراسة من (26) تلميذا، تم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين: الأولى تجريبية، وقوامها (13) تلميذا، والثانية ضابطة وقوامها (13) تلميذا، وتم اختيارهم من مدارس القرائن، وعلي بن أبي طالب، والشهباء للتعليم الاساسي حلقة ثانية بنين- إمارة الشارقة، وتوزيعهم على فئات المعالجة التجريبية والضابطة. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة قامت الباحثة بعمل اختبار تحصيلي يقيس مهارات الفهم القرائي، وتم استخدام المنهج شبه التجريبي، تم تحليل النتائج الکمية الخاصة بالفروق بين أداء مجموعتي الدراسة باستخدام اختبار(لابارامترى) لحساب دلالة الفروق بين متوسطات رتب درجات التلاميذ. وقد أظهرت النتائج في مجملها أن استخدام برنامج مقترح قائم على استراتيجيات ما وراء المعرفة کان له أثر إيجابي في تنمية الفهم القرائي لدى تلاميذ الصف السابع من ذوي صعوبات التعلم، وذلک لصالح المجموعة التجريبية. The study aims to verify How effective is a proposed program based on using metacognitive strategies .The sample of the study consisted of (26) pupils, divided into two groups: the first experiment, consists of (13) pupils, and the second officer, consists of (13) pupils. They were selected from Al Qarayn School, Ali bin Abu Talib School, and Al Shahba School for Primary Education and second cycle boys from Emirate of Sharjah. The researcher carried out an achievement test that measures the skills of reading comprehension. Semi-expermental approach has been used, the quantitative results of the differences between the performances of the two study groups were analyzed using a labarometric test to calculate the significance of the differences between the grades. The overall results indicated that the use of a proposed program based on metacognitive strategies had a positive effect on the development of reading comprehension among seventh-grade students with learning disabilities for the experimental group

هدفت إلى اختبار فاعلية استخدام استراتيجية التعلم باللعب في خفض شدة الاضطرابات السلوکية لدى الأطفال ذوي نقص الانتباه وفرط النشاط. اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج شبه التجريبي، حيث تم تطبيق الدراسة على عينة مکونة من (60) طفلا في الصف السادس الابتدائي بإحدى مدارس التربية الخاصة بمدينة بنها بمحافظة القليوبية في خلال العام الدراسي 2019/ 2020م، وتم تقسيمها إلى مجموعتين التجريبية (30) طفلا، والتي تم تدريسها باستخدام استراتيجية التعلم باللعب، والمجموعة الضابطة (30) طفلا، والتي تم تدريسها بالطرقة العادية، تم إعداد بطاقة ملاحظة الاضطرابات السلوکية مع الأطفال ذوي نقص الانتباه وفرط النشاط، وتم حساب الصدق والثبات لأدوات الدراسة، وتم تطبيق الأدوات على مجموعتين الدراسة قبليا وبعديا، وبعد تحليل البيانات إحصائيا توصلت النتائج إلى وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا بين درجات المجموعة التجريبية في القياسين القبلي والبعدي لصالح متوسطات درجات القياس البعدي في الاضطرابات السلوکية لدى الأطفال ذوي نقص الانتباه وفرط النشاط. کذلک وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في القياس البعدي للاضطرابات السلوکية لدى الأطفال ذوي نقص الانتباه وفرط النشاط بين المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة لصالح المجموعة التجريبية. وتمت التوصية بضرورة الاهتمام باستراتيجية التعلم باللعب وضرورة دمجها في المناهج عامة وبالأخص في علاج الاضطرابات السلوکية لدى لأطفال ذوي نقص الانتباه وفرط النشاط والتوسع في استخدامها في مختلف المراحل والمواد الدراسية. The effectiveness of using a playful learning strategy in reducing the severity of behavioral disorders with ADHD The study aimed to test the effectiveness of using a playful learning strategy in reducing the severity of behavioral disorders in ADHD. The study adopted the semi-experimental approach, where the study was applied on a sample consisting of (60) children in the sixth grade of one of the special education schools in the city of Banha, Qalyubia Governorate, during the 2019/2020 academic year, and it was divided into two experimental groups (30) children, which were It was taught using the strategy of learning by playing, and the control group (30) children, which was taught in the normal way. A behavioral disorders note card was prepared with children with attention deficit and hyperactivity, and the validity and reliability of the study tools were calculated, and the tools were applied to the two study groups, before and after, and after Analyzing the data statistically, the results revealed that there are statistically significant differences between the scores of the experimental group in the pre and post measurements in favor of the averages of the scores for the post-measurement in behavioral disorders in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity. Also, there were statistically significant differences in the post-measurement of behavioral disorders in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group. It was recommended that attention should be paid to the learning by play strategy and the need to integrate it into the curricula in general and in particular in the treatment of behavioral disorders for children with attention deficit and hyperactivity, and to expand its use in

Self-reported physical activity differs from activity levels measured by device. We tested the effect of a video that visualizes the intensity levels of physical activity to increase the agreement between self-reported and accelerometer-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) within a single-blinded, randomized study. Participants (N = 378, 40-75 years) wore an accelerometer for seven days. Prior to the collection of self-reported data by the IPAQ-SF, participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to a control group (CG) or a video group (VG). The outcome was the absolute difference between self-reported and accelerometer-based time spent in MVPA (Δ MVPAIPAQ-Accelerometry ). To examine the agreement, we used Spearman correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis. To test the video effect, we used Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Bayes factor, and simultaneous-quantile regression. In total, 302 participants fulfilled the accelerometer wear time criteria (≥10 hours/day; ≥6 days) and completed self-reports within three days after the wearing period. The median of Δ MVPAIPAQ-Accelerometry was -9.0 min/day (IQR: -32.0 to 66.6) for CG and -11.5 min/day (IQR: -29.9 to 14.3) for VG. Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed no differences in Δ MVPAIPAQ-Accelerometry between study groups whereas Bayes factor indicated insensitivity of the data. Simultaneous-quantile regression revealed no relationship between video presentation and Δ MVPAIPAQ-Accelerometry in the 25th percentile. In the 50th (b = -12.4 [95% CI = -23.2 to -1.5] and 75th percentile (b = -45.7 [95% CI = -70.5 to -20.9]), Δ MVPAIPAQ-Accelerometry was negatively associated with video presentation. To conclude, video-supported assessment may increase the accuracy of self-reported MVPA among individuals who slightly underestimated and those who overestimated their MVPA.

While the mandate to adopt digital textbooks in the U.S. state of Florida is looming for the next school year, there has been few discussion about how to provide professional development for school librarians who will be expected to play a leadership role. This study identifies both preferred and anticipated methods of professional development of Florida school librarians and the gap between them. It has been found that school librarians wish to initiate their training with other colleagues through workshops and study groups, which will enable them to discuss digital textbooks, and build networks with respect to the new technology. The anticipated way, however, reflects the environment of solo librarians. In conclusion, this study urges that professional development that will enlarge their viewpoint and enhance their awareness of the need for methods of implementation of digital textbooks, is urgently required.

This study seeks to reveal the heterogeneity in occupation-specific wage returns among graduates of the German vocational education and training (VET) system. We distinguish between VET graduates with and without a higher education entrance certificate (i.e. an Abitur). To implement our hierarchical multi-level analyses, we exploit the latest wave of the BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey from 2018. By estimating occupation-specific wage returns, we reveal gaps between VET graduates with and without an Abitur. Additionally, we analyse several occupational characteristics to show how they contribute to the gaps in wage returns between our study groups. Our results show that employees combining an Abitur with a VET degree achieve higher wage returns than those VET graduates without an Abitur across all occupations. Employees holding a VET degree without an Abitur display greater inequality of occupation-specific wage returns. Among the occupational characteristics, task composition is the main driver of the differences in wage returns.

Howard JM Warren,1 Gabriela Ioachim,1 Jocelyn M Powers,1 Patrick W Stroman1– 3 1Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; 2Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; 3Department of Physics, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, CanadaCorrespondence: Patrick W StromanQueen’s University, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, 2nd Floor, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Ontario, CanadaTel +1-613-533-3245Email stromanp@queensu.caPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of data-driven analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, by means of structural equation modeling, for the investigation of pain processing in fibromyalgia (FM).Patients and Methods: Datasets from two separate pain fMRI studies involving healthy controls (HC) and participants with FM were re-analyzed using both a conventional model-driven approach and a data-driven approach, and the results from these analyses were compared. The first dataset contained 15 women with FM and 15 women as healthy controls. The second dataset contained 15 women with FM and 11 women as healthy controls.Results: Consistent with previous studies, the model-driven analyses did not identify differences in pain processing between the HC and FM study groups in both datasets. On the other hand, the data-driven analyses identified significant group differences in both datasets.Conclusion: Data-driven analyses can enhance our understanding of pain processing in healthy controls and in clinical populations by identifying activity associated with pain processing specific to the clinical groups that conventional model-driven analyses may miss.Keywords: human, brain, pain, neuroimaging, fibromyalgia, chronic pain

This study aims to describe the activeness of the members of the physics science study group by implementing the Ludo Board Game and seeing the students' responses to the application of the Ludo Board Game in increasing the activity of the members of the physics science learning group. To achieve this goal, descriptive research has been carried out using the Ludo Board Game game. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII MTS DDI Seppange in the 2019/2020 school year, which may be 24 people. The data research method used was observation (observation), questionnaires, interview techniques and documentation. Furthermore, the analysis technique is carried out by means of proportional descriptive data analysis. The results showed that the increase in the activity of students' study groups after the implementation of the Ludo Board Game (LBG). Meanwhile, the students' responses to the application of Ludo Board Game in increasing the activeness of members of the physics science study group were very feasible, namely for the quality of the content with an eligibility level of 81.25% and a 94.53% usage level.

Hypothesis/Aims of study. At present, there is no doubt about the importance of the problem of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and the search for the best way to eliminate it. Sling operations in SUI treatment are the most popular in world and domestic practice. However, they are not without certain complications. In this regard, it becomes relevant to determine the factors for predicting their effectiveness and safety. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative study of the effectiveness of two anti-stress operations: TVT-Obturator® and urethrovesicopexy with vaginal flap, by using echography of the urethrovesical segment. Study design, materials and methods. During the period from 2011 to 2018, 105 incontinent patients were examined and operated on. Two groups were formed: Group 1 consisted of 52 patients who underwent TVT-Obturator® surgery, Group 2 included 52 patients who underwent urethrovesicopexy with vaginal flap. In all patients, the anatomical topographic position of the bladder and urethrovesical segment, the internal urethral sphincter status, as well as the angles α and β were determined, based on which the conclusion about the type of SUI was made and, accordingly, the adequate method of surgical intervention was determined. Results. Before the operation, the angle α averaged 37.2 ± 10.11, with 24.7 ± 4.64 a year after the operation and 26.8 ± 3.72 five years after the operation. Rotation of the angle α in the study groups >20° before surgery did not significantly affect the presence of long-term complications, urinary retention after a year and five years, and recurrence of urinary incontinence. After the operation, there was an increase in the angle β after a year ( p = 0.0032) and five years ( p = 0.0035) and in the total urethral length after a year ( p = 0.0022), but after five years, this parameter did not differ significantly from that before surgery ( p = 0.29). Conclusion. TVT-Obturator® and urethrovesicopexy with vaginal flap are equally effective ( p > 0.05) in the surgical treatment of female SUI in both the nearest postoperative period (96.2% and 94.3%, respectively) and the distant period (90.4% and 88.7%, respectively).

The aim of the study : to reveal the particularities of the concentration of cytokines IL4, IL6, IL10, IL17, IFNγ in blood serum in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Materials and methods. The blood samples obtained from children of two study groups: children with autism spectrum disorder ( n = 93) and clinically healthy children ( n = 30), served as the material for the study. Cytokine concentrations were determined in blood serum using the Bender Medsystems (Austria) kits for IL17A and Vector-Best (Russia) kits for IL4, IL6, IL10, IFNγ. Serum cytokine concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay using kits for IL17A (Bender Medsystems, Austria), IL4, IL6, IL10, IFNγ (Vector-Best, Russia). Assessment of cognitive and psychophysiological indicators in children was performed using the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC). Results. The concentrations of IL17A ( U = 54; p = 0,015) and IFNγ ( U = 4.64; p = 0,006) were increased and the concentrations of IL6 ( U = 327; p = 0.001) and IL4 ( U = 177; p = 0.001) were decreased in children with ASD. The concentration of IL6 correlates with the concentration of IL4 ( r = 0.68; p < 0.05). The concentration of IL17A correlates with the concentration of IFNγ ( r = 0.41; p < 0.05), IL6 ( r = 0.87; p < 0.05) and ATEC score ( r = 0.24; p < 0.05) in the group of children with ASD. Conclusion . The cytokine disbalance in children with ADS, which was observed in our study, confirms the hypothesis of their participation in the development of the disease and clearly shows the Th17 immunoregulation pathway in the pathogenesis of the autism spectrum disorder.

This study groups third-party conflict management techniques (CMTs) into binding and non-binding approaches to examine whether and how their sequence and, in more detail, changes therein explain th...

Introduction: This research was carried out to compare the effects of 0.525% and 5.25% NaOCl, 2% H2O2, and 16-mg/mL propolis on additional silicone impression materials contaminated with Candida albicans at 5- and 10-minute exposure times, to evaluate the hypotheses of this study that propolis can be used for disinfecting of dental impressions. Materials and methods: A total of 122 silicone impressions were prepared. Two samples were considered the negative controls, and the rest were contaminated with C. albicans fungal species and disinfected with 0.525% NaOCl, 5.25% NaOCl, 2% H2O2, 16-mg/mL propolis, and 96% ethyl alcohol for 5 and 10 minutes (10 samples for each interval in each group). The data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests in all the groups at 5- and 10-minute intervals. Results: All the disinfecting agents significantly decreased C. albicans colony counts at both intervals compared to the control groups (P = 0.00). The differences in the disinfecting effects were significant between the four study groups (P = 0.00). The most significant effects were related to NaOCl at both intervals and concentrations and 2% H2O2 at the 10-minute interval (P = 0.001), followed by 2% H2O2 at the 5-minute interval and propolis (P = 0.001). Concerning propolis (P = 0.001) and 2% H2O2 (P = 0.004), the effect of exposure time was significant. Conclusion: All the disinfecting agents in the present study can be used to disinfect impressions contaminated with C. albicans; however, concerning propolis, although it resulted in significant decreases in C. albicans colony counts, the elimination of the remaining colonies was ineffective.

The main goal of this study was to examine the impact of blended learning on the academic achievement of undergraduate students in the general chemistry (CHE101) course. The participants' learners of the study were (326) learners, who were randomly split into two groups, one of which taught by using blended learning (empirical group A, n = 163) and the other which with taught by using the conventional method (control group B, n = 163). To accomplish the objectives of the study, the researchers prepared the study tool, which is an achievement test, after confirming its validity and reliability. Data analyses showed that there is a statistically significant difference among the mean scores of learners in the two study groups on the achievement test, for the benefit of empirical group learners, who taught through blended learning. Moreover, the results revealed that achievement varied according to the College of the learners in the empirical group (in favor of those students of Pharmacy and Health Sciences College). However, there is no statistically significant difference in students according to the students’ gender variable and, according to the Academic year variable. The study recommended that blended learning be used more widely to cover different sectors of education.

This paper chronicles the third decade of MASCC from 2010. There was a generational change in this decade, building on the solid foundation of the founders. It included the first female President, and a new Executive Director with a background in strategy and business development and operations as applied to healthcare. The headquarters moved from Copenhagen to Toronto. The first meeting to be held outside of Europe or North America was held in Adelaide, Australia, and the membership in the Asia Pacific region expanded. A program of international affiliates saw national supportive care organisations formally link with MASCC. In cancer supportive care, there was a raft of new toxicities to manage as immunotherapies were added to conventional cytotoxic treatment. There was also a greater emphasis on the psychosocial needs of patients and families. New MASCC groups were formed to respond to this evolution in cancer management. The MASCC journal, Supportive Care in Cancer, continued to grow in impact, and MASCC published two editions of a textbook of supportive care and survivorship. The decade ended with the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic, but that served to highlight the importance of good supportive care to patients with cancer.

Training and supporting homecare staff in reablement aims to change staff behavior from "doing for" to "doing with" older adults, i.e., supporting client activation. We evaluated the effectiveness of the reablement training program "Stay Active at Home" (SAaH) on staff self-efficacy and outcome expectations regarding client activation in a cluster randomized controlled trial. Ten Dutch homecare nursing teams, comprising 135 nursing team members and 178 domestic workers, were randomized into the intervention group (SAaH) or control group (usual care). Data on self-efficacy and outcome expectations were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months using scales developed for this study. Mixed-effects regression showed no differences between the study groups on either outcome. Therefore, widespread implementation of SAaH in its current form cannot be recommended. More research is needed on the development and psychometric properties of scales to assess staff behavior and behavioral determinants (e.g., self-efficacy and outcomes expectations) regarding client activation. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.

The length of hospital stay and its implications have a significant economic and human impact. As a consequence, the prediction of that key parameter has been subject to previous research in recent years. Most previous work has analysed length of stay in particular hospital departments within specific study groups, which has resulted in successful prediction rates, but only occasionally reporting predictive patterns. In this work we report a predictive model for length of stay (LOS) together with a study of trends and patterns that support a better understanding on how LOS varies across different hospital departments and specialties. We also analyse in which hospital departments the prediction of LOS from patient data is more insightful. After estimating predictions rates, several patterns were found; those patterns allowed, for instance, to determine how to increase prediction accuracy in women admitted to the emergency room for enteritis problems. Overall, concerning these recognised patterns, the results are up to 21.61% better than the results with baseline machine learning algorithms in terms of error rate calculation, and up to 23.83% in terms of success rate in the number of predicted which is useful to guide the decision on where to focus attention in predicting LOS.

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على فاعلية برنامج تدريبي قائم على نموذج التعلم البنائي في تنمية التقويم الواقعي لدى معلمات العلوم، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف اتبعت الدراسة المنهج التجريبي بتصميمه شبه التجريبي القائم على وجود مجموعتين: التجريبية والضابطة، فيما تکون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع معلمات العلوم بمحافظة المخواة والبالغ عددهن (61) معلمة؛ تم اختيار عينة عشوائية منهن (ن= 20) للتطبيق الاستطلاعي لأداتي الدراسة وهما: الاختبار التحصيلي (لقياس الجانب المعرفي للبرنامج التدريبي) وبطاقة الملاحظة (لقياس الجانب الأدائي للبرنامج التدريبي) بغرض التحقق من صدقهما وثباتهما، وتم اختيار عينة الدراسة الأساسية بالطريقة العشوائية لتتکون من (30) معلمة، تم توزيعهن عشوائيا بالتساوي على مجموعتي الدراسة، وهما: المجموعة التجريبية (التي تدربت على التقويم الواقعي بواقع 31 جلسة تدريبية)، والمجموعة الضابطة (لم تتلق أي تدخل تجريبي)، وبتطبيق أداتي الدراسة (الاختبار وبطاقة الملاحظة) قبليا وبعديا، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج وهي: وجود فاعلية للبرنامج التدريبي المقترح قائم على نموذج التعلم البنائي في تنمية التقويم الواقعي لدى معلمات العلوم، حيث کشفت نتائج الدراسة عن فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (α ≤ 0.05) بين متوسطي درجات المجموعتين (التجريبية والضابطة) في القياس البعدي للاختبار التحصيلي (لقياس الجانب المعرفي للتقويم الواقعي) لدى معلمات العلوم تعزى إلى مجموعة الدراسة التجريبية، وبلغت قيمة حجم الأثر (إيتا تربيع)على الدرجة الکلية (82%)، وتراوحت ما بين (46% – 73%) لمستويات الاختبار، ووجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (α ≤ 0.05) بين متوسطي درجات المجموعتين (التجريبية والضابطة) في القياس البعدي لبطاقة الملاحظة (لقياس الجانب المهاري للتقويم الواقعي) لدى معلمات العلوم لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، تعزى إلى مجموعة الدراسة التجريبية، وبلغت قيمة حجم الأثر (إيتا تربيع) على الدرجة الکلية (99%)، وتراوحت ما بين (91% – 99%) لمستويات بطاقة الملاحظة. The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of a training program based on the model of constructive learning in developing the authentic assessment for science female teachers. To achieve this objective, the study followed the experimental method in its semi-experimental design based on two groups: experimental and control groups, thus the study population consisted of all the science female teachers of Al-Makhwa governorate, numbered of (61) female teachers, then a random sample (N = 20) was selected for the pilot application to the two study tools, namely: the achievement test (to measure the cognitive aspect of training program) and the observation card (to measure the performance of training program) in order to verify their validity and reliability, while the study sample was randomly selected to consist of (30) female teachers; they were randomly distributed equally to the two study groups: the experimental group (which was trained on the authentic assessment with 31 training sessions), and the control group (not receiving any experimental intervention). By applying the study tools both in pre & post stage, the study concluded a set of results, which are: There is an effectiveness for the proposed training program based on the model of constructive learning in developing the authentic assessment for sciences female teachers, as the study results showed statistically significant differences at the significance level of (α ≤ 0.05) between the experimental and control groups in the posttest for achievement test (to measure the cognitive aspect of authentic assessment) for science female teachers which are attributed to the experimental group, the size of effect reached (82%) out of total score and ranged between (46% - 73%) for test levels. There are statistically significant differences at the significance level of (α ≤ 0.05) between the two mean scores of both groups (experimental and control) in the posttest of observation card (to measure the skill aspect of authentic assessment) for science female teachers in favor of experimental group, which are attributed to the experimental group, and the size of effect reached (99%) out of total score and ranged between (91% - 99%) for observation card levels. Also, the study results showed that there are statistically significant differences at the significance level of (α ≤ 0.05) between the two mean scores of experimental group in the pre and post measures of achievement tests (to measure the cognitive aspect of authentic assessment) for science female teachers, which are attributed to the post application, and the size of effect reached (90%) out of total score and ranged between (75% - 80%) for the test levels. There are statistically significant differences at the significance level of (α ≤ 0.05) between the two mean scores of experimental group in the pre and post measures of observation card (to measure the skill aspect of authentic assessment) for science female teachers, which are attributed to the post application, and the size of effect reached (99%) out of total score and ranged between (96% - 99%) for the observation card levels.

espanolIntroduccion: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del tratamiento de superficie dentinaria con acido fosforico al 37% o EDTA al 17% previo al blanqueamiento Interno con peroxido de hidrogeno al 35% por medio de la tecnica Walking Bleach. Material y Metodos: Para este estudio experimental in vitro, se utilizaron 66 premolares humanos extraidos por indicacion ortodoncica, los cuales fueron desbridados, preparados endodonticamente, y pigmentados con cromogenos derivados de la descomposicion sanguinea. Las muestras fueron divididas aleatoriamente en 3 grupos (n=22). Grupo A: agente blanqueador sin acondicionamiento dentinario, grupo B: agente blanqueador en dentina acondicionada con acido fosforico 37% y grupo C: agente blanqueador en dentina acondicionada con EDTA 17%. Se utilizaron 4 aplicaciones de agente blanqueador con una separacion de 4 dias entre cada sesion. El color inicial (baseline) y tras cada aplicacion fue determinado mediante espectrofotometria, registrando los valores CIE L*a*b* y la variacion total de color entre los parametros iniciales y los diferentes tiempos de evaluacion. Resultados: Los datos fueron analizados estadisticamente con la prueba de Wilcoxon, arrojando diferencias estadisticamente significativas para la variacion total del color entre los grupos de estudio, siendo en ningun caso el grupo control inferior al resto. Conclusion: La aplicacion de acido fosforico al 37% aumenta la eficacia del agente blanqueador al compararlo con el EDTA 17%, sin embargo, no aumentan la eficacia respecto a la aplicacion del agente blanqueador sin un tratamiento de superficie dentinaria previo. EnglishIntroduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dentin surface treatment with 37% phosphoric acid or 17% ethylenedia-minetetraacetic acid (EDTA) before Internal Bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide using the walking bleach technique. Material and Methods:This experimental in vitro study used 66 human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons, which were debrided, endodontically prepared, and pigmented with chromogens derived from blood decomposition. The samples were randomly divided into three groups (n=22). Group A: bleaching agent without dentin conditioning; group B: bleaching agent in dentin conditioned with phosphoric acid 37%; group C: bleaching agent in dentin conditioned with 17% EDTA. 4 applications of bleaching agent were used with a separation of 4 days between each session. The initial color (baseline) and after each application was determined by spectrophotometry, recording the CIE L*a*b* values and the total color variation between the initial parameters and the different evaluation times. Results: Data were statistically analyzed with the Wilcoxon test. This showed statistically significant differences for the total variation of the color between the study groups, with the control group in no case inferior to the rest. Conclusion: The application of 37% phosphoric acid increased the effectiveness of the bleaching agent when compared to 17% EDTA. However, these did not increase the effectiveness compared to the application of the bleaching agent without a previous dentin surface treatment.

BACKGROUND In developed countries, the economic feasibility of using ultrasound in ambulances before arriving at the hospital has been achieved through comprehensive studies, and this of course does not apply to Arab countries, as there are no current studies to support this. Therefore, this study is a preliminary measure of the economic feasibility of using ultrasound in ambulances in Saudi Arabia. AIM To measure the demand for ultrasound equipment in ambulances in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study of five different groups of participants including radiation technologists, emergency physicians, paramedics, Red Crescent managers and the public. Email and social media were used to deliver a questionnaire to these groups. The questionnaire included specific questions to measure the purpose of ultrasound use in each group of participants. RESULTS Each group had some knowledge on ultrasound and its benefits. More than 50% in each study group supported the availability of ultrasound in ambulances. Additionally, 60% of emergency physicians reported that they had difficulties in venous access, checking the presence of internal bleeding, recognizing pregnancy in trauma cases, and inserting endotracheal tubes, and the majority of them confirmed the effective role of ultrasound in achieving such tasks. Almost all paramedics (93.33%), physicians (98.89%), and Saudi Red Crescent managers (96.3%) emphasized the importance of communication between ambulance staff and emergency departments. Moreover, most physicians (77.78%), and technologists (82.73%) supported the presence of paramedics in ambulances to operate ultrasound in order to improve patient outcomes. CONCLUSION Most of the study groups evaluated had knowledge on ultrasound and supported the presence of ultrasound devices in ambulances.

Aim To compare the results of using traditional and distance education technologies in the training of obstetricians and gynecologists in the continuing medical education cycles Methods The effectiveness of the use of traditional and distance learning technologies in the training of obstetrician-gynecologists on the continuing medical education cycles was assessed based on Bashkir State Medical University The study included an assessment of the knowledge of obstetricians and gynaecologists trained in the 36-hour program Two study groups were selected The group I included 28 doctors, whose training and knowledge assessment was carried out mainly using traditional education technologies The group II consisted of 30 doctors, whose training and knowledge assessment was carried out using distance education technologies The final effectiveness of the use of the studied technologies was evaluated based on the analysis of the final test results and the solution of situational clinical tasks as a General interview The research results processing was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25 0 Results The study revealed that the use of distance learning technologies does not lead to a decrease in the physician's level of training: 70 0% in group I, 60 7% in group II (chi2=0 11, df=1, p=0 74) Meanwhile, the distance learning format causes difficulties for doctors of the older age group: in group I, there is a direct moderate correlation between age and performance (r=0 497, p=0 007), in group II - a noticeable inverse correlation (r=-0 689, p

En este artículo se determina el alcance del impacto de la práctica de la danza sobre el estrés, que fue desarrollada en 2017 por estudiantes de pregrado de Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Esta investigación científica con enfoque cuantitativo tiene un diseño cuasi experimental. Se probaron 200 estudiantes en cada grupo experimental y grupo de control antes y después. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo de control tuvo un desarrollo significativo El grupo experimental (grupo experimental) y el grupo sin el experimento mencionado anteriormente (grupo de control). Para el estudio se diseñó una Encuesta para identificar la variación entre los grupos de estudio. Se concluye que existe una relación directa y significativa entre las variables: “práctica de la danza” y “estrés académico” en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos presentando un coeficiente de significancia de 0.05.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, dokuzuncu sınıf öğrencilerinin İngilizce derslerinde öğretilen konulara ilişkin algıladıkları araçsallığı artırmanın, ders başarısı, tutum ve can sıkıntısına etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada ön-test, son-test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde yer alan küçük bir ildeki Anadolu Lisesinden, toplam 93 dokuzuncu sınıf öğrencisi kolayda örnekleme yoluyla seçilmiştir. Öğrenciler ya deney gruplarına (kapsamlı bilgilendirilen grup, n = 30; yüzeysel bilgilendirilen grup, n = 30) ya da kontrol grubuna (n = 33) rastgele biçimde atanmışlardır. Veriler, Algılan Araçsallık Ölçeği, Can Sıkıntısı Ölçeği ve İngilizceye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin İngilizce ders başarılarının değerlendirilmesi için bir başarı testi de geliştirilmiştir. Verilerin kapsamlı biçimde analiz edilmesi amacıyla, bir dizi kovaryans analizi ve tekrarlı ölçümler için kovaryans analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, kapsamlı bilgilendirilen gruptaki öğrencilerin, yüzeysel bilgilendirilen grup ve kontrol grubundaki akranlarına göre, İngilizce derslerinde öğretilen konuları gelecek amaçlarına ulaşmada daha önemli olarak algıladıklarını göstermiştir. Sonuçlar, kapsamlı bilgilendirilen gruptaki öğrencilerin diğer çalışma gruplarındaki akranlarına göre, İngilizce derslerine yönelik olarak daha olumlu tutuma sahip olduklarını, daha az düzeyde can sıkıntısı hissettiklerini ve daha başarılı olduklarını da göstermiştir.

هدفت الدراسة الي معرفة اثر استخدام استراتيجية الويب کويست في تدريس العلوم علي تنمية الاستيعاب المفاهيمي لدي تلاميذ المرحلة الإعدادية وقد استخدمت الدراسة المنهج التجريبي وتکونت عينة الدراسة من مجموعة من تلاميذ الصف الثاني الاعدادي بمدرسة ارمنت الإعدادية الحديثة وتحددت إجراءات الدراسة في الاطلاع علي المراجع، والدراسات العربية، والأجنبية لإعادة صياغة وحدة الصوت والضوء المقررة علي تلاميذ الصف الثاني الإعدادي ،وفقا لاستراتيجية الويب کويست ،وإعداد دليل للمعلم لکيفية تدريس هذه الوحدة ،و إعداد اختبار الاستيعاب المفاهيمي ، ثم تجهيز المتطلبات القبلية الواجبة للقيام بالتجربة، ثم اختيار مجموعتي الدراسة (تجربيه – ضابطة) من تلاميذ الصف الثاني الاعدادي ،والتأکد من تکافوها، وإجراء قياس قبلي باستخدام أدوات القياس السابق ذکرها، التدريس لأفراد المجموعة التجريبية باستخدام استراتيجية الويب کويست ولأفراد المجموعة الضابطة باستخدام الطريقة التقليدية ثم اجراء قياس بعدي وتحليل النتائج وقد اشارت النتائج الي وجود فرق دال إحصائيا بين متوسطي درجات تلاميذ المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة في التطبيق البعدي لاختبار الاستيعاب المفاهيمي لصالح تلاميذ المجموعة التجريبية Impact of using Web Quest in the teaching of science in the development of the conceptual absorption of preparatory students Prepare Abo El-Hassan Mahmoud Omar Ali Researcher for master's – Department of Curricula and Methods of Teaching Science Faculty of Education in Qena - South Valley University Abstract: The studywas aimed at knowing the impact of usingWeb Quest in the teaching of science in the development of the conceptual absorption ofpreparatory students. Then process the tribal requirements for the experiment, then select the two study groups (try-officer) of the second graders preparatory, make sure that they are rewarded, and make a tribal measurement using the aforementioned measurement tools, teaching the members of the experimental group using the web quest strategy and for the members of the control group using the traditional method and then conducting a telemetry and analysis of the results. Keywords: Web Quest, Conceptual Assimilation, Prep.

The aim of this study was to compare tooth measurements obtained by two differently acquired digital model and conventional plaster cast measurements. Materials and methods: This study comprised 40 patients. Digital casts were obtained by two methods; Intraoral scanning by carestream intraoral scanner CS3600 powder free and model scanning by cast scanner Sirona InEos X5 scanner. Three study groups were obtained; Group 1: conventional dental casts ,group 2: digital casts obtained with powder free intraoral scanning and group 3: digital casts obtained by cast scanner. Intercanine and intermolar widths in addition to individual tooth measurements were made using Viewbox program for digital casts and digital caliper for the plaster cast. Results: No statistical significant difference between three groups regarding all measurements had been found. Conclusion:The results of this study confirm the potential of intraoral scanning to acquire data as accurate as alginate impressions as well as scanned digital casts for orthodontic applications

We conducted a prospective study to assess serum melatonin as a biomarker to predict the development of late-term and postterm pregnancies and spontaneous beginning of labor in women with term pregnancies. Population of this prospective study included pregnant women with late-term and postterm pregnancies and term pregnancies as controls. In these study groups, serum melatonin concentrations were measured in women with or without labor and their perinatal data were collected. In the postterm pregnancies without labor, the lowest median melatonin concentrations were measured (p0.05). In the late-term and postterm pregnancies with and without labor, the median serum melatonin concentrations were significantly lower than term ones (p0.05). In the term pregnancies with labor, the highest median melatonin concentration was measured (p0.05). A serum melatonin concentration≤34 pg/mL as a cut-off value determines late-term and postterm pregnancy with a sensitivity of 80.4% and a specificity of 81.4%. A serum melatonin concentration29.35 pg/mL as a cut-off value determines presence of labor with a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 55.0%. In women with term pregnancies, with the measurement of serum melatonin, it is possible to predict the development of late-term and postterm pregnancies and whether these pregnancies undergo spontaneous labor. With further studies, these findings need to be supported before their routine clinical use.We conducted a prospective study to assess serum melatonin as a biomarker to predict the development of late-term and postterm pregnancies and spontaneous beginning of labor in women with term pregnancies. Population of this prospective study included pregnant women with late-term and postterm pregnancies and term pregnancies as controls. In these study groups, serum melatonin concentrations were measured in women with or without labor and their perinatal data were collected. In the postterm pregnancies without labor, the lowest median melatonin concentrations were measured (p0.05). In the late-term and postterm pregnancies with and without labor, the median serum melatonin concentrations were significantly lower than term ones (p0.05). In the term pregnancies with labor, the highest median melatonin concentration was measured (p0.05). A serum melatonin concentration≤34 pg/mL as a cut-off value determines late-term and postterm pregnancy with a sensitivity of 80.4% and a specificity of 81.4%. A serum melatonin concentration29.35 pg/mL as a cut-off value determines presence of labor with a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 55.0%. In women with term pregnancies, with the measurement of serum melatonin, it is possible to predict the development of late-term and postterm pregnancies and whether these pregnancies undergo spontaneous labor. With further studies, these findings need to be supported before their routine clinical use.

PurposeTo evaluate the influence of patient’s age at the time of surgery on small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) refractive outcomes.MethodsThis is a retrospective, consecutive, comparative study. We compared the refractive outcomes after myopic SMILE from two groups of patients divided by age (patients ≤35 and ≥40 years old). All eyes were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 and 6 months postoperatively. Main outcome measures were differences on efficacy, safety, predictability and astigmatic changes by vector analysis with ASSORT software between both study groups.Results102 matched eyes of 53 patients were included. Preoperatively, we evidenced no differences in the mean SE or astigmatism between groups. However, 6 months postoperatively we observed a significantly worse mean astigmatism (p=0.019), while not regarding SE, in the older population, with a trend towards undercorrection of the refractive cylinder in the ≥40 group. We also observed a statistically significant difference in the efficacy (0.86–1 month and 0.97–6 months in ≥40group vs 0.97–1 month and 1.07–6 months in the ≤35 group; p=0.003) and safety indexes (0.93–1 month and 1.04–6 months in ≥40 group vs 1.0–1 month and 1.11–6 months in the ≤35 group; p=0.008) at 6 months among groups.ConclusionsPost-SMILE refractive outcomes in those patients over 40 years of age, although acceptable, are not as good as those obtained in younger patients, showing a significantly lower efficacy and safety indexes, and poorer astigmatic outcomes, with a tendency towards undercorrection. We hypothetise that the increased corneal stroma stiffness in the aged group modifies the post-SMILE corneal stroma remodelling capacity, thus affecting the SMILE refractive and visual response.

Learning from home is a step taken in dealing with conditions that occur due to Corona Virus 19. One of the methods applied is to form study groups with varying frequency of teacher visits. This of course requires energy and time so that learning is more effective and efficient. Lack of mentoring by the teacher causes students to spend time playing. Through real work lectures, students of the Elementary School Teacher Education study program developed an innovative learning media, namely a counting tree to increase the learning activities of grade 1 elementary school students. This solution is taken so that students can fill their learning time while playing. The expected results after this service activity, teachers and parents can use learning media to guide students at home, and enable teachers to innovate in developing learning media.

El propósito de esta investigación es demostrar la influencia positiva de la propuesta de programación neurolingüística en la mejora potencial de la atención voluntaria de los escolares en instituciones públicas de la zona urbana de Buenaventura, Colombia. El método de trabajo es hipotético deductivo con un nivel de investigación explicativo, el diseño en el estudio fue experimental, de subdiseño cuasi-experimental, corte longitudinal, donde se aplicó un pre-test de evaluación al inicio del ciclo académico y un post-test al final, a dos grupos de estudio divididos como un grupo control y un grupo experimental, la estrategia consistió aplicar la propuesta de programación neurolingüística al grupo experimental para evaluar su efecto y compararlo con el grupo control. Se demostró que existe una influencia positiva de la propuesta de programación neurolingüística ligada a estilos de aprendizajes en la atención voluntaria en estudiantes de transición en Buenaventura, Colombia.

espanolEl presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal comparar las expectativas laborales de los estudiantes de la carrera de Educacion Inicial con las de los estudiantes del Programa de Profesionalizacion en Servicio de la Universidad Metropolitana, aunado a esto posee tres objetivos especificos que constan de indagar y constatar las expectativas laborales de ambos grupos y describir ambos perfiles de ingreso. La presente investigacion no experimental de tipo descriptivo y comparativo con metodologia cuantitativa logro determinar que existen multiples semejanzas y diferencias entre ambos grupos de estudio destacando la principal: los estudiantes de profesionalizacion entran en la carrera con experiencia laboral, mientras que los estudiantes de educacion inicial entran en la carrera con poca o nula experiencia laboral. Al igual que las principales investigaciones de las que bebe esta, su fundamento esta basado en la idea de comunicacion sostenible, entendida como transparencia en la prevision de expectativas laborales de un sector fundamental para la consecucion de desarrollo humano sostenible. EnglishThe main objective of this study is to compare the labor expectations of the students of the Initial Education degree with those of the students of the Service Professionalization Program of the Metropolitan University, in addition to this, it has three specific objectives that consist of investigating and verifying the job expectations of both groups and describe both income profiles. The present non-experimental descriptive and comparative research with quantitative methodology was able to determine that there are multiple similarities and differences between the two study groups, highlighting the main one: professionalization students enter the career with work experience, while initial education students enter in the career with little or no work experience. Like the main papers from which ours drinks, its foundations are based on the idea of sustainable communication, understood as transparency in the forecast of labor expectations of a fundamental sector in the achievement of sustainable human development.

We consider 3-subgroups in groups of birational automorphisms of rationally connected threefolds and show that any 3-subgroup can be generated by at most five elements. Moreover, we study groups of regular automorphisms of terminal Fano threefolds and prove that, in all cases which are not among several explicitly described exceptions any 3-subgroup of such group can be generated by at most four elements.

Introduction and objectives: The fortification of maternal milk (MM) is a standard practice in order to achieve the requirements needed for the growth and development of the premature newborn. However, its osmolality could increase. According to the American Paediatrics Academy, it is recommended not to exceed 450 mOsm/kg (approximately 400 mOsm/L) in the diet of the infant, even though the safety limit is estimated to be between 400 and 600 mOsm/kg.The aim of this study is to determine the osmolality of thawed and fortified donated MM (DMM). Method: An analysis was performed on DMM of 6 healthy mothers, without fortifying, and with 4 levels of fortification. Measurement of the samples was carried out in triplicate at 0, 4, 9, and 24 h after their preparation. They were stored refrigerated (2–8 °C) between measurements. The study groups were: (A) non-fortified DMM; (B) DMM with vitamins added; (C) with the addition of a fortifier; (D) with the addition of a low-dose protein formula; and (E) with the addition of a high-dose protein formula. The osmolality determinations were carried out using a freezing-point osmometer. The data analysis was performed using R software (v.3.5.1). Results: A total of 30 samples were analysed with 360 measurements. The osmolality of the DMM at t = 0 h was 301 mOsm/kg (SD 5.2) and slightly increased with time to 308.11 mOsm/kg (SD 5.21) after 24 h (t = 24 h), being maintained within the safety limits. The addition of vitamins (Group B) did not significantly increase the osmolality. The addition of a fortifier (C) and a low dose (D) or high dose (E) protein formula produced an increase in the baseline osmolality that increased statistically significantly in time (P = .007), but with no differences between the C, D, and E types. There were differences between the osmolality at t = 0 with the fortification according to the manufacturer's data sheet (339 mOsm/L) and the findings in our laboratory (432.33 mOsm/L). Conclusion: The osmolality values found in the thawed DMM samples were similar to those of other studies. The fortification of the DMM samples and their storage refrigerated at 2–8 °C for 24 h increased the osmolality, but keeping them within the safety limits. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: La fortificación de la leche materna (LM) es una práctica habitual para alcanzar los aportes necesarios para el crecimiento y desarrollo del recién nacido prematuro. Sin embargo, puede aumentar su osmolalidad. Según la Academia Americana de Pediatría, se recomienda no superar 450 mOsm/kg (aproximadamente 400 mOsm/l) en la alimentación del lactante, aunque el límite de la seguridad se estima entre 400-600 mOsm/kg.El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la osmolalidad de la LM donada (LMD) descongelada y fortificada. Método: Se analizó la LMD de 6 madres sanas, sin fortificar y con 4 pautas de fortificación, realizando mediciones por triplicado de las muestras a tiempo 0, 4, 9 y 24 h tras su preparación. Entre mediciones se almacenó refrigerada (2-8 °C). Los grupos de estudio fueron: 1) A: LMD no fortificada; 2) B: LMD con adición de vitaminas; 3) C: con adición de fortificante; 4) D: con adición de módulo proteico a dosis baja, y 5) E: con adición de módulo proteico a dosis alta. Las determinaciones de osmolalidad se realizaron un osmómetro crioscópico. El análisis de datos se realizó con R software (v.3.5.1). Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 30 muestras (360 mediciones). La osmolalidad de la LMD a t = 0 h fue 301 mOsm/kg (DE 5,2) y aumentó ligeramente con el tiempo a 308,11 mOsm/kg (DE 5,21) después de 24 h (t = 24 h), manteniéndose en los límites de seguridad. La adición de vitaminas no aumentó la osmolalidad de manera significativa (grupo B). La adición de fortificante (C) y módulo de proteínas con dosis baja (D) o dosis alta (E) produjo un aumento de osmolalidad basal que se incrementó en el tiempo de manera estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,007) pero sin diferencias entre los tipos C, D y E. Hubo diferencias entre la osmolalidad en t = 0 con la fortificación según la ficha técnica del fabricante (339 mOsm/l) y los hallazgos en nuestro laboratorio (432,33 mOsm/l). Conclusión: Los valores de osmolalidad hallados en las muestras de LMD descongelada son similares a los de otros estudios. La fortificación de la LMD y su conservación refrigerada entre 2-8 °C durante 24 h aumenta la osmolalidad, pero manteniéndose dentro de los límites de seguridad.

Paediatric pancreatic diseases are often under-recognised and may be associated with severe diseases and significant clinical consequences. In recent years, advances have been made in key areas, particularly with the contributions from international societies and study groups focused on paediatric pancreatic disease research. This review focuses on the two key manifestations of pancreatic disorders in childhood, pancreatitis and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.