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Abstract Due to their unique microstructures, micropolar fluids have attracted enormous attention for their industrial applications, including convective heat and mass transfer polymer production and rigid and random cooling particles of metallic sheets. The thermodynamical demonstration is an integral asset for anticipating the ideal softening of heat transfer. This is because there is a decent connection between mathematical and scientific heat transfers through thermodynamic anticipated outcomes. A model is developed under the micropolar stream of a non-Newtonian (3rd grade) liquid in light of specific presumptions. Such a model is dealt with by summoning likeness answers for administering conditions. The acquired arrangement of nonlinear conditions is mathematically settled using the fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg strategy. The outcomes of recognized boundaries on liquid streams are investigated in subtleties through the sketched realistic images. Actual amounts like Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and skin-part coefficient are explored mathematically by tables. It is observed that the velocity distribution boosts for larger values of any of $$\alpha _1$$ α 1 , $$\beta$$ β , and declines for larger $$\alpha _2$$ α 2 and Hartmann numbers. Furthermore, the temperature distribution $$\theta (\eta )$$ θ ( η ) shows direct behavior with the radiation parameter and Eckert number, while, opposite behavior with Pr, and K. Moreover, the concentration distribution shows diminishing behavior as we put the higher value of the Brownian motion number.

This article investigates the modeling and numerical simulation of Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) buoyancy-driven convection flow in a differentially heated, square enclosure. Left vertical side is given a high temperature and the right vertical side is sustained at a low temperature. Horizontal sides of the enclosure are insulated. A constant magnetic field is presumed horizontally. Findings of the governing differential equations are explored numerically considering the impact of Magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD). Problem is deciphered by Galerkin finite element approach in COMSOL Multiphysics. Numerical solutions are computed for different values of Rayleigh number ranging 103≤Ra≤107 and Hartmann number ranging 0≤Ha≤40. Rate of heat that passes from the heated side is affected by increasing Rayleigh and Hartmann numbers. Comportment of MHD free convection heat flow from transient to steady state is numerically examined for a period of 0 to 1 s. The numerical solutions are discussed in respect of streamlines, iso-contours, and isotherms. In addition, physical quantities such as velocity and Nusselt number are studied. It is seen that with increasing values of Rayleigh number there is increase in local Nusselt number distribution on heated side of the cavity. Velocity distribution in the flow domain decreases in variations with increasing Hartmann number.

Based on both the characteristics of shear thinning and shear thickening fluids, the Sutterby fluid has various applications in engineering and industrial fields. Due to the dual nature of the Sutterby fluid, the motive of the current study is to scrutinize the variable physical effects on the Sutterby nanofluid flow subject to shear thickening and shear thinning behavior over biaxially stretchable exponential and nonlinear sheets. The steady flow mechanism with the variable magnetic field, partial slip effects, and variable heat source/sink is examined over both stretchable sheets. The analysis of mass and heat transfer is carried out with the mutual impacts of thermophoresis and Brownian motion through the Buongiorno model. Suitable transformations for both exponential and nonlinear sheets are implemented on the problem's constitutive equations. As a result, the nonlinear setup of ordinary differential equations is acquired which is further numerically analyzed through the bvp4c technique in MATLAB. The graphical explanation of temperature, velocity, and concentration distributions exhibits that the exponential sheet provides more significant results as compared to the nonlinear sheet. Further, this study revealed that for the shear thickening behavior of Sutterby nanofluid, the increasing values of Deborah number increase the axial velocity.

Fractional calculus yields numerous implementations in different fields such as biological materials, physical memory, oscillation, wave propagation, and viscoelastic dynamics. Due to the significant applications of fractional calculus, the current study deals with the fractional derivative base study of a Brinkman hybrid nanofluid with an inclined magnetic field. A three-parametric Prabhakar fractional derivative with the involvement of the Mittag-Leffler function is implemented. A vertical plate moving with exponential velocity is considered to be the source of the flow mechanism. Moreover, the effects of exponential heating are incorporated into the thermal analysis. An appropriate group of dimensionless ansatz is adopted to get the dimensionless setup of equations. The Prabhakar fractional operator is implemented in the dimensionless equations which are further tackled by an effectual Laplace transform technique. An inverse Stehfest method and Tzou's method are implemented to tackle the inversion of the Laplace transform. This study exhibits that the fractional constraints minimize both the fields of temperature and velocity. Moreover, the velocity distribution deteriorates corresponding to the improved Brinkman parameter. The Brinkman parameter and the fluid's viscosity are directly related to each other. With the improved Brinkman parameter, the viscosity of the fluid increases. As a result, the fluid motion decreases.

Flow and heat transfer dynamics are considered quite complex phenomenon in different enclosures. Heat transport mechanism and its improvement due to the presence of nanoscale particles is vital topic of research. Owing to the widespread importance of free convection through fluids with nanoparticle in various configuration and constraint, we have addressed in this article the natural convection nanofluid flow in a hexagon shaped enclosure with heated cylinder. Simulation has been performed in the influence of porous medium and inclined magnetic field. The physical model is translated in terms of differential systems. For solutions purpose, the finite element method is utilized. The quantities of interest include the fluid flow and heat transfer aspects. The obtained results against flow controlling parameters are offered by means of contour plots and line graphs. It is noticed that the at lower Darcy number the heat transfer rates has diminishing behavior because of the higher porosity of medium. At higher Hartman number the velocity profile tends to decrease due to resistive nature of Lorentz forces. At maximum radius of heat source, the Nusselt number and velocity profile has higher values.

Abstract In this research, we have considered the convective heat transfer analysis on peristaltic flow of Rabinowitsch fluid through an elliptical cross section duct. The Pseudoplastic and Dilatant characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid flow are analyzed in detail. The Rabinowitsch fluid model shows Pseudoplastic fluid nature for $$\sigma > 0$$ σ > 0 and Dilatant fluid behaviour for $$\sigma < 0.$$ σ < 0 . The governing equations are transformed to dimensionless form after substituting pertinent parameters and by applying the long wavelength approximation. The non-dimensional momentum and energy equations are solved analytically to obtain the exact velocity and exact temperature solutions of the flow. A novel polynomial of order six having ten constants is introduced first time in this study to solve the energy equation exactly for Rabinowitsch fluid flow through an elliptic domain. The analytically acquired solutions are studied graphically for the effective analysis of the flow. The flow is found to diminish quickly in the surrounding conduit boundary for Dilatant fluid as compared to the Pseudoplastic fluid. The temperature depicted the opposite nature for Pseudoplastic and Dilatant fluids. The flow is examined to plot the streamlines for both Pseudoplastic and Dilatant fluids by rising the flow rate.

The influence of hybrid nano-fluid on heat transport in a semi-annular channel is investigated numerically. The hybrid nano-fluid is a liquid water with suspension of SWCNT and MWCNT. Constant heat fluxes are applied to the walls of channel. The finite volume approach is used to solve the governing mathematical equations. The volume percent of SWCNT is fixed at 0.01% and the volume fraction of MWCNT is varied from 0.01% to 0.1%. Heat transport is shown to diminish as the volume fraction of MWCNT increases. The heat transferred from the wall to the near fluid is influenced by the curvature of the walls. The results are displayed as velocity contours and isotherms. For certain volume fractions of nanoparticles, local Nusselt number distributions are given. It has been discovered that walls with a smaller curvature have a stronger convection heat transfer. Pressure is increased when the volume percentage of nanoparticles increases.

This article exhibits a brief comparative study of magnetohydrodynamics stagnant point flow in hybrid nanofluid based on the extended version of two models, known as the Yamada-Ota model and Xue model. The time-dependent and thermally radiative two-dimensional flow is processed with the involvement of a stretchable/shrinking permeable sheet. The suspension of two nanoparticles Aluminum Oxide Al2O3 and Copper Cu into the base fluid water is considered for the formulation of hybrid nanofluid. With the execution of the significant similarity transformation, the nonlinear dimensionless system in the form of ordinary differential equations is developed. The Yamada-Ota and Xue models have been implemented on the dimensionless setup of equations that further are numerically worked out via the bvp4c methodology. The velocity and temperature fields corresponding to the pertinent parameters are figured out and discussed for both concerned models. From this study, we have come up with the result that the heat transfer rate involving the Yamada-Ota model is prominent as contrasted with the Xue model. The larger strength of the stretching parameter boosts up the field of the velocity but develops the deterioration in the temperature distribution. Moreover, the field of the velocity diminishes with the accelerating quantities of the solid nanoparticle.

This research article uncovers a novel mathematical model that interprets the peristaltic flow in elliptic duct with heat and mass transfer for the first time. A unique mathematical technique is introduced in this study that provides exact analytical solutions for partial differential equations. The Cartesian coordinate system is used in the present analysis and the non-circular form of duct is attained by considering equation of ellipse in the boundary conditions. The temperature, concentration and velocity profile are exactly computed and analyzed through graphical results. The axially symmetric flow behaviour is revealed by the graphical outcomes. Concentration, velocity and temperature profiles have parabolic shapes and axially symmetric behaviour.

This novel investigation unfolds the mathematical model of peristaltic flow in an elliptic duct having ciliated walls. The current assessment is carried out by considering a heated Newtonian viscous fluid in this ciliated elliptic duct. A detailed heat transfer study combined with various physical aspects of peristalsis is provided. We have incorporated the appropriate and useful transformations that simplify this mathematical problem into its non-dimensional form with relevant non-dimensional boundary conditions over the surface of ciliated elliptic duct. Finally, the exact mathematical results are computed for this interesting problem. A thorough graphical assessment is also included for a complete understanding of mathematical results. The axially symmetric flow behaviour is noted for both velocity and temperature profiles in this elliptic duct having ciliated walls.

The viscoelastic fluid flow over a non linear stretching porous sheet is considered in this analysis. The case of suction and injection is also discuused. The effects of thermophoresis and brownain motion with viscous dissipation is taken into account. Under the flow assumptions, boundary layer approximation applied on the mathematical model and developed the partial differential equations. The similarity variable is applied on the partial differential equations which converted into ordinary differential equations. The dimensionless system further solved through numerical technique bvp4c method. The results of the current problem achieved after solving the problem which presented through graphs and table. Influence of numerous physical parameters on velocity function, concentration function and temperature function are manipulated through graphs. The tabular results are schemed to display skin friction and local Nusselt number. The higher values of Nb which enhanced the velocity profile but declines velocity profile due to higher values of Ec. The thermal thickness enhances due larger values of γ and Pr but thermal thickness declines due to higher values of Ec and Nt. The concentration profile enhances due to enhancing the values of Ec and Pr but concentration profile declines due to increasing the values of Nt. Nusselt number enhaced due to higher values of Ec,Sc and Nt but declines of higher values of Pr.

Bacteria develop resistance against antimicrobial drugs, and new remediations are constantly being introduced in the market. Silver and its compounds have strong resistance against different bacteria. The vegetable waste extract-synthesized silver nanoparticles (VWE-AgNPs) have distinct properties and potential applications because of their unique size and morphology. The fundamental purpose of this study was to develop an environment-friendly method for the synthesis of VWE-AgNPs to avoid the use of hazardous chemicals that cause danger to the environment as well as recycling vegetable waste material. The VWE-AgNPs were synthesized by mixing 1 mM AgNO3 solution and VWE at room temperature. The VWE-AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and EDX. The synthesized particles showed good antibacterial properties against poultry bacteria Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella enteritidis (growth reduction of 31 mm and 18 mm at 80 mg/mL AgNPs, respectively). The results demonstrated that VWE-AgNPs inhibited the growth of tested bacterial strains. The fabricated VWE-AgNPs also had the potential to act as a green photocatalyst for degradation of 87.7% of methylene blue (MB) and 90.76% of methyl orange (MO) nearly at 3.25 h and 1 h sunlight exposure time, respectively. The highest antifungal activity, which was determined to be 36.5 mm and 31.8 mm against Alternata sp. and C. albican, was discovered to be in VWE-AgNPs.

Abstract In this present article the entropy generation, induced magnetic field, and mixed convection stagnant point flow of pseudoplastic nano liquid over an elastic surface is investigated. The Buongiorno model is employed in modeling. Through the use of the boundary layer idea, flow equations are transformed from compact to component form. The system of equations is solved numerically. The Induced magnetic spectrum falls near the boundary and grows further away as the reciprocal of the magnetic Prandtl number improves. The fluctuation of induced magnetic rises while expanding the values of mixed convection, thermophoresis, and magnetic parameters, whereas it declines for increment in the Brownian and stretching parameters. The velocity amplitude ascends and temperature descends for the rise in magnetic parameter. The mass transfer patterns degrade for the higher amount of buoyancy ratio while it boosts by the magnification of mixed convection and stretching parameters. Streamlines behavior is also taken into account against the different amounts of mixed convection and magnetic parameters. The pseudoplastic nanofluids are applicable in all electronic devices for increasing the heating or cooling rate in them. Further, pseudoplastic nanofluids are also applicable in reducing skin friction coefficient.

This article explicates the blood flow across an artery with multiple stenosis at outer wall and a thrombus at the centre. The symmetric multiple stenosis and non-symmetric multiple stenosis shapes are both considered in this study. Entropy analysis is also taken into account for a detailed study of irreversibility. The governing equations are interpreted with provided boundary conditions and exact mathematical solutions are developed. Further, these exact solutions are elucidated graphically. Streamlines show that the closed contours are symmetric in shape for symmetric multiple stenosis but non-symmetric in shape for non-symmetric multiple stenosis shape. The increase in multiple stenosis heights, increases the shear stress at wall having multiple stenosis.

Schizophrenic patients deny health care due to lack of insight in many cases. In such situations most of the psychiatrists opt for covert medication in consultation with the families. Covert medication has legal and ethical implications. Moreover, it has certain clinical implications for the patient. In addition, how long the covert medication can be continued and when should it be revealed to the patient are questions that cannot be answered in black and white. This article is a commentary on a real scenario of covert medication in ethical perspective. Keywords: Schizophrenia; Covert medication; Insight; Psychiatrists; Ethical.

Abstract Viscous flow between two sinusoidally deforming curved concentric tubes is mathematically investigated for the first time. Exact solutions are computed to analyse the flow between these two tubes and graphical outcomes are included for a thorough analysis of the solutions. The present article has prime applications in endoscopy as a novel peristaltic endoscope is introduced first time for a curved sinusoidal tube. This curved nature of outer sinusoidal tube with a flexible peristaltic endoscope placed inside it covers the topic of practical applications like endoscopy of human organs having curved shapes and the maintenance of complex machineries that involve complex curve structures. The usage of a flexible peristaltic endoscope inside a curved sinusoidal tube makes the process of catheterization more comfortable.

This article studies fluid dynamics and convection of the geothermal system. Earthquakes cause faults. Fault zones come up with the pathways for fluid convection. These paths have different characteristics and space distribution, causing the challenge to investigate the geothermal system. The cavity considered in the study is normally found in energy reservoirs. An unsteady, incompressible, and laminar flow along with convection is studied. The finite element method (FEM) is operated to study the flow and heat transfer governed by continuity equations, Navier-Stokes equations, and temperature equations. These equations are tackled with the finite element method. The streamlines and isothermal contours for the problem under discussion are displayed in the Results section. It is observed that the Nusselt number and velocity of the fluid increase with the increased Grashof number.

The current research is concerned with the mechanical characteristics of a Rabinowitsch fluid model that has been developed via an elliptic duct. If we study physiology or biomedicine, we will find that the Rabinowitsch fluid model in peristalsis is very useful because it is used to move blood around in the heart, lungs, sanitary fluid transport systems, transfer of corrosive fluids, and innovative pharmaceutical delivery systems. It is possible to get the elliptic domain for this duct model by using Cartesian coordinates, and in the boundary conditions for this duct, the equation of an ellipse is used to keep the elliptic cross-section for this duct in place. A mathematical model for an incompressible fluid is being created, and the mathematical issue is then transformed into its dimensionless form by using suitable transformations, including long-wavelength approximation. As soon as the problem is put into a dimensionless form, the partial differential equations for the velocity profile can be found. These partial differential equations are solved across elliptical cross-sections with the help of boundary conditions that are given, and accurate mathematical solutions are then found for them. This model is important because it shows three different types of flow: a dilatant fluid for γ0. The prime objective of our work is to obtain a novel solution to this problem as well. In the last section, we see and read about how the formulas for flow characteristics were made.

Pesticides belonging to carbamates, pyrethroids and organophosphate groups are being mostly used worldwide. These are toxic and their minute amount leads to severe illness or death when ingested through various means. In case of suicidal or homicidal incidents, trace levels of pesticides may lead to acute death. In this scenario, stomach content is the best specimen for the detection of pesticide poison. Conversely, trace levels of pesticides may reach the mammary glands of milking animals when they eat grassy feed exposed to pesticides spray. Trace levels of those pesticide residues present in milk remain stable even after pasteurization. Eventually, milk consumers are affected chronically by these pesticide residues. The current study includes the development and validation of nine multi-class pesticide residues analyses in stomach content and milk. Nine-multiclass pesticides were extracted from stomach content and milk by acetonitrile with the addition of extraction salt. Quantitative analysis of permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, pyriproxyfen, triazophos, profenophos, chlorpyriphos, carbofuran, phorate, and step, GC–MS was used as an analytical technique equipped with DB-5 ms capillary open tubular column (15 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm) and 0.08 ml/L flow rate of helium mobile phase gas with constant pressure. LLOQ and ULOQ for all target analytes were 0.05 mg/L and 3 mg/L respectively.

In this research, a mathematical model is disclosed that elucidates the peristaltic flow of carbon nanotubes in an elliptic duct with ciliated walls. This novel topic of nanofluid flow is addressed for an elliptic domain for the very first time. The practical applications of current analysis include the customization of the mechanical peristaltic pumps, artificial cilia and their role in flow control, drug delivery and prime biological applications etc. The dimensional mathematical problem is transformed into its non-dimensional form by utilizing appropriate transformations and dimensionless parameters. Exact mathematical solutions are computed over the elliptic domain for the partial differential equations appearing in this convection heat transfer problem. A thorough graphical assessment is performed to discuss the prime results. The graphical visualization of the flow in this elliptic duct is obtained by plotting streamlines. The viscous effects are playing a vital role in the heat enhancement as compared to the molecular conduction. Since the incrementing Brinkman number results in a declined conduction due to viscous dissipation that eventually results in an enhanced temperature profile. This research first time elucidates the impacts of nanofluid flow on the peristaltic pumping through an elliptic domain having ciliated walls. Considering water as base fluid with multi-wall Carbon nanotubes for this ciliated elliptic domain having sinusoidal boundaries.

Abstract The blood flow inside a tube with multi-thromboses is mathematically investigated. The existence of these multiple thromboses restricts the blood flow in this tube and the flow is revamped by using a catheter. This non-Newtonian blood flow problem is modeled for Jeffrey fluid. The energy equation includes a notable effect of viscous dissipation. We have calculated an exact solution for the developed mathematical governing equations. These mathematical equations are solved directly by using Mathematica software. The graphical outcomes are added to discuss the results in detail. The multiple thromboses with increasing heights are evident in streamline graphs. The sinusoidally advancing wave revealed in the wall shear stress graphs consists of crest and trough with varying amplitude. The existence of multi-thrombosis in this tube is the reason for this distinct amplitude of crest and trough. Further, the viscous dissipation effects come out as a core reason for heat production instead of molecular conduction.