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A incidência da murcha bacteriana, causada por Ralstonia solanacearum, em viveiros clonais de eucalipto, no período de abril a setembro de 2005, resultou no descarte de cerca de 553.991 minicepas, 6.837.691 propágulos na fase de enraizamento e 11.266.819 mudas, nos Estados da Bahia, do Espírito Santo, do Maranhão, de Minas Gerais e do Pará, totalizando um prejuízo estimado em, no mínimo, seis milhões de reais (US$ 2,7 milhões). Em minijardim clonal, a doença caracteriza-se por necrose foliar, escurecimento anelar ou completo do lenho, murcha e morte de minicepas. Os sintomas na parte aérea são similares à morte gradual de minicepas submetidas a podas drásticas ou com sistema radicular malformado. Na fase de enraizamento, miniestacas infectadas podem apresentar arroxeamento das nervuras do limbo foliar e podridão. No campo, a doença caracteriza-se por bronzeamento e necrose foliar, desfolha basal, ascendente escurecimento interno do lenho e morte da planta, geralmente a partir do quarto mês após o transplantio. Os sintomas geralmente se agravam em árvores com enovelamento de raízes e afogamento de coleto. A etiologia da doença foi confirmada por meio de testes de exsudação, microscopia de varredura, isolamento da bactéria, análises de PCR/RFLP, reação de hipersensibilidade (HR) em mudas de fumo, testes de patogenicidade em plântulas de eucalipto e tomate e re-isolamento da bactéria. Como o sistema de produção de mudas clonais de eucalipto é altamente favorável à multiplicação bacteriana e na falta de conhecimento sobre a resistência genética e de outras estratégias de controle da doença, é essencial evitar a introdução da bactéria em viveiros. The occurrence of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in eucalyptus clonal hedges in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Minas Gerais and Pará, from April to September, 2005 resulted in loss of 553,991 rooted cuttings, 6,837,691 cuttings at rooting stage and 11,266,819 cuttings, with a total loss estimated to be at least six million reais (US$ 2.7 M). In clonal minihedges, the disease is characterized by foliar necrosis, annular or complete wood darkening, wilt and death of rooted-cuttings. Leaf symptoms are similar to those observed during the gradual death of rooted-cuttings subjected to drastic pruning or with malformed root systems. In the rooting phase, infected minicuttings can present redning of leaf blade veins and cutting rot. In the field, the disease is characterized by leaf browning and necrosis, basal leaf loss, internal wood darkening and plant death, with onset generally occurring four months after transplant. Disease severity is generally higher in trees with entangled roots and overplanting. The causal agent of the disease was confirmed through exudate tests, scanning electron microscopy, bacterial isolation, PCR/RFLP analyses, hypersensitive reactions (HR) in tobacco seedlings, pathogenicity tests in eucalyptus and tomato plantlets and reisolation of the bacteria. The production of cuttings offers a highly favorable environment for bacterial multiplication. This, combined with the lack of knowledge on genetic resistance and other disease control strategies, makes it essential to avoid introduction of this bacterium in clonal nurseries.

The potential of the diverse chemistries present in natural products (NP) for biotechnology and medicine remains untapped because NP databases are not searchable with raw data and the NP community has no way to share data other than in published papers. Although mass spectrometry techniques are well-suited to high-throughput characterization of natural products, there is a pressing need for an infrastructure to enable sharing and curation of data. We present Global Natural Products Social molecular networking (GNPS, http://gnps.ucsd.edu), an open-access knowledge base for community wide organization and sharing of raw, processed or identified tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry data. In GNPS crowdsourced curation of freely available community-wide reference MS libraries will underpin improved annotations. Data-driven social-networking should facilitate identification of spectra and foster collaborations. We also introduce the concept of ‘living data’ through continuous reanalysis of deposited data.