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Preparation of bevelled dual-channel glass microelectrodes is described. The bevelled tips overcome some of the problems which complicate intracellular recording. The size of the tip opening is increased, resulting in a lower resistance, which in turn confers greater current-carrying capacity and less noise susceptibility. Bevelling also preserves the sharp point, facilitating tissue penetration and minimizing neuronal trauma. The characteristics of bevelled and unbevelled electrodes filled with 0.5 or 3 M KCI, K Acetate and K 2 SO 4 were similar. Bevelled electrodes were shown to maintain a near constant resistance during current passage, while unbevelled ones showed changes in resistance that were dependent on current magnitude, polarity and duration. Such changes were caused principally by electro-osmosis.

In this note I wish to enter however belatedly into the discussion of error distributions in navigation (cf. Anderson and Anderson and Ellis). Not being a navigator my arguments will be purely statistical, but I hope that they will throw some light on the problem, which seems to be an important one.Hampton and Mills have commented that large errors occur more frequently than is predicted by gaussian behaviour; and Anderson remarks that in practice the ‘skirts’ of the empirical distribution are commonly hitched high over the estimated gaussian tails. The conclusion drawn is that navigational errors follow a distribution closer to the two-sided negative exponential than to the normal though, instead of peaking to a sharp point at the centre, the empirical distributions seem to have rounded heads.

… as for her figure, and she was admirably built, it was impossible to make out its continuity (on account of the fashion then prevailing, and in spite of her being one of the best-dressed women in Paris), for the corset, jutting forwards in an arch, as though over an imaginary stomach, and ending in a sharp point, beneath which bulged out the balloon of her double skirts, gave a woman, that year, the appearance of being composed of different sections badly fitted together.

Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation is derived here from Nelson’s stochastic quantization procedure introducing Brownian motion in the internal space of a particle apart from that in the external space. This helps us to have a relativistic generalisation of Nelson’s formalism when a relativistic quantum particle appears to be a stochastically extended one. The nonrelativistic formalism is obtained in the sharp point limit. Quantum probability is found to be a manifestation of the internal geometry in this sharp point limit.

1. The antherozoid of the Characeae studied is composed of about three to four coils. Its body is a somewhat flattened band which consists of an anterior cytoplasmic portion, a posterior vesicle, a cytoplasmic envelope, and an elongated nucleus which tapers to a sharp point at each end. 2. The anterior cytoplasmic portion consists of an outer and an inner bandlike part. The outer band bears the two cilia of unequal length and a small nearly spherical body at its forward end. In the inner portion a delicate thread can be seen. 3. The swimming motion of the antherozoids of Chara and Nitella is rotary, either clockwise or counter-clockwise. 4. The antherozoids of the different species of Chara studied are similar in every respect. The antherozoid of the Nitella species resembles that of Chara, but is considerably smaller.

タービンノズルの効率に影響する因子を解析するために最も基礎的な直線先細ノズルを選び, 層流境界層理論を近似的に適用して圧力分布または面積公布と噴口寸法とを知れば容易に境界層損失を計算できる近似理論式をまず導き, 一方反動式ノズル推力測定装置を組立て, 2種合計16箇の先細ノズルの流体が空氣のときのノズル効率を実測して兩者を比較檢討した.その結果臨界速度附近およびそれ以下では前記理論式は実測値の100ないし80%にておゝむね一致し, その範囲の損失は境界層で説明できることがわかつた.しかし臨界圧力以上のときは前記理論値以上の損失が発生することが觀察された.

Reliable induction electric field intensity meters were installed at the four corners of an 8.5 kilometer square. The values of the field intensity were transferred to a base laboratory via telephone lines and applied to a 4 channel oscilograph permitting the simultaneous recording of some 480 lightning discharge events occurring in a single typical active thunderstorm. Two other channels measured the current discharged by a sharp point and the charges on individual raindrops falling at the base laboratory. Negative charges normally accumulated overhead and were transferred out of the clouds in 95% of the lightning discharges. The average electric field at the ground prior to discharge was +21.8 volts cm−1 volts cm100 These values were notably smaller than those measured in 1955 on the Ransas plains. Curves are given for the average initial and final values of the electric field, for the average departures at each station from the network average and for the time varying positions of the approxim...

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Certain non-crystalline germanium films (> 10 μm in thickness) prepared by rf-sputtering crystallize “explosively” at room temperature when initiated by pricking the surface with a sharp point (or certain other methods). The propagation velocity of the crystallization at room temperature was found to be as fast a 1200 mm sec−1 depending somewhat on the conditions of film preparation, thickness, etc. The density of several such crystallizable films was determined as 5.05 g cm−3±1%. The crystallite size in the crystallized films, measured by X-ray broadening, was typically larger than 500 A. A model for the crystallization process invokes a cascade energy transfer process, basically thermal in nature.

A natural group of species, which briefly may be characterized as follows: Wings approximately unicolorous, stigma distinct, the ante stigmal spot always extends into cell 1st M2, but is interrupted in the outer end of cell R in most of the species. The eighth sternite of the male is prolonged and narrowed posteriorly, except devia. The hypopygium is of moderate size. The ninth tergite, generally small, is emarginate in the middle, except fragmentata. The pleural suture is distinct, except devia—the pleurite prolonged into a process, generally long and twisted, hornlike, rarely into an acutely pointed cone, derbyi, or simply tipped by a sharp point, devia. The ovipositor is very short, the upper valves generally rounded or oval, in some species ending in a downward curved point, giving thus a beaklike appearance; the lower valves scaphoidal. In all the specimens in my collection, the posterior end of the abdomen, especially the males, is curved upward and sometimes backwards towards the abdominal tergum. Whether this also obtains in the living insect I have no means to know.

In the year 1841 Sir R. Owen described and figured a slab of rock from the Lower Lias of Barrow-on-Soar which showed the impressions of the bones and integuments of a pelvic paddle of an Ichthyosaurus, probably referable to the typical I. communis. In this specimen it appears that the integuments were produced to a greater extent on the posterior than on the anterior side of the bony framework; and that while the anterior margin of the soft parts showed evidence of squamation, the larger posterior flap was marked by oblique striæ extending from the bones to the periphery which appeared to have been caused by parallel bundles of muscular fibres. The distal extremity of the soft fin terminated in a sharp point far below the distal bones.

Many techniques and forms of equipment have been evolved for performing sialography and each has its adherents. The suction cannula made in recent weeks by the author for sialography has some unique advantages to commend it. This cannula can be made readily by anyone with a modicum of manual dexterity. Two disposable Yale injection needles (as manufactured by Becton, Dickenson & Co.) and one of their protective polythene packing sheaths are required (Fig. 1). The size of the resulting cannula can be altered by choice of needle but the one originally made used a needle of 21 G and 1¾ in. length. By also varying the lengths of thec annula can be made of quite small dimensions to suit the requirements of any particular case. First one of the needles has its sharp point ground flat and the blunted end smoothed on a fine carborundum stone. The plastic packing sheath has its closed end cut off at right angles to the length, so that the blunted needle, when inserted, will project about ¼ in. (more or less, as de...

A scalpel has been designed to reduce the risk of inadvertent inoculation of a member of the surgical team during open surgical procedures by blood infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The sharp point at the end of the blade has been removed, and a rounded section substituted (Fig. 1). Except for such procedures as lancing a boil, the traditional point on a standard scalpel no longer serves a real purpose, since surgeons are taught to dissect and divide tissue with the belly of the blade. In fact, it may well be that the more curved surface that is available for cutting, the more useful and versatile the knifeblade. Until such a blade is manufactured, surgeons operating in areas of high risk may, in addition to having the scrub nurse pass the knife on a tray, be well-advised to grind off the very sharp point on a sterile whetstone on the nurse’s table before starting any surgical procedure. FIGURE 1. Rounded blade of scalpel.

I dislike talks which start by telling you that you cannot understand the subject unless you see it in context. The reason is .not so much because it means that the lecturer hasn’t a point of view of his own, although it usually does, but that the viewpoint is too broad; and, whereas a broad approach may give a balanced picture of a complicated problem, you never advance upon such a problem with a broadly balanced approach as much as with a sharp point, however painfully misplaced. You will understand what I am about to say when I tell you I believe that you cannot understand this subject unless you see it in context.

Procamallanus petterae n. sp. from Plecostomus albopunctarus and Spirocamallanus pintoi n. sp. from Corydoras paleatus are described. procamallanus petterae n. sp. differs from all other species of the genus by having a buccal capsule without spiral bands, with five teeth-like structures on its base and four plate-like structures near the anterior margin; length ratio of oesophagus muscular/glandular 1:1.4; spicules short, 21µ m and 16µ m long and tails ending abruptly in a sharp point, in both sexes. Spirocamallanus pintoi n. sp. is characterized by having 6 to 8 spiral thickenings in the buccal capsule of male and 9 to 10 in female, occupying 2/3 of the length of the capsule; length of glandular oesophagus more than twice the muscular; spicules short, the right 94µ m and the left 82µ m long.São descritos Procamallanus petterae n. sp. paradito de Plecostomus albopunctatus e Spirocamallanus pintoi n. sp. de Corydors paleatus. P. petterae diferencia-se das demais espécies do gênero por apresentar cápsula bucal sem estrias, com cinco estruturas em forma de dentes na base e quatro estruturas em forma de placas próximo da margem anterior; relação do comprimento do esôfago muscular/glandular 1:1,4; espículos curtos com 21 e 16 µm de comprimento respectivamente e terminação caudal afilando-se abruptamente e terminando em ponta, em ambos os sexos. S. pintoi n. sp. caracteriza-se por possuir cápsula bucal com 6 a 8 espirais no macho e 9 a 10 na fêmea, ocupando somente 2/3 do comprimento da cápsula; comprimento do esôfago glandular mais de duas vezes o muscular e espículos curtos, direito medindo 94 µm e esquerdo 82 µm de comprimento. S. pintoi n. sp. é mais próxima de S. hilarii (Vaz & Pereira, 1934) e de S. incarocai (Freitas & Ibanez, 1970), das quais se diferencia principalmente pelo menor número de espirais na cápsula bucal.

pin to the midpoint. The loop was then closed slowly until the free ends of the pin were approximated. Reopening the snare loop permitted the sharp point to be secured within the safety catch. The snare was withdrawn, the grasping forceps was inserted, and the closed pin was secured at the spring end. Once the pin was pulled close to the tip of the endoscope, the entire apparatus was removed. The endoscope was reinserted a final time, and no residual mucosal injury was noted in the stomach or esophagus. The patient's subsequent course was uncomplicated. DISCUSSION To assess the reproducibility of this procedure, the following experiment was performed. Several open safety pins of varying sizes (3.5, 5.0, 6.0 cm) were immersed in gastric juice to approximate intragastric conditions and snared in the manner described above. In almost every instance, the pin, once completely closed by the snare so that the point was past the safety catch, snapped shut as the snare wire slackened (Figure I). The failures occurred with a semicircular polypectomy snare (Olympus SD-1 U) that had been used many times and which was not capable of generating the tension necessary to close the large pin. With the crescent shaped snare

I think all agree that arrow tips would first have been made of (a) hard wood or bone ground to a sharp point (as used to-day in East Africa), later by (b) sharp-pointed unworked splinters or flakes of stone or flint, followed by (c) flakes worked diagonally at one end to a sharp point, and the other end inserted in the arrow shaft.As the worker's skill improved, these worked flake arrow tips would be superseded by (d) the beautifully flaked barbed and leaf arrows of the Neolithic and Bronze periods.The whole prehistoric world would obviously not have been at any one time in the same stage of culture. At all periods, and in all districts, tribes would have existed side by side in various stages of culture, the work of the “᾽prentice” hand alongside that of the “master worker.”It is therefore highly dangerous to assign an age to a worked flint solely by roughness of workmanship.This communication is to record a prehistoric workshop site at Two-Mile-Bottom Common, near Thetford, Norfolk, containing worked flake tools of a very definite culture.

When a high voltage gradient is applied to an insulating material and a dielectric puncture results, the failure may occur progressively rather than instantaneously. If a sharp point is used as an electrode, the electric stress adjacent to it is high compared with that of the rest of the stressed insulation. Dielectric failure begins at this point and progresses to the other electrode.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the art of stone carving. Carving direct onto the stone without the aid of large-scale models is called direct carving. The drawings can be traced directly on the stone with black-leaded or carbon paper placed under the drawing, the process being to press through the two thicknesses with a nail or any sharp point, being careful to see that the point is not so sharp as to tear the paper. The drawings are done on big pieces of tracing paper that one can buy by the roll, having enlarged the design from preliminary carefully worked scale drawings. The enlarging can be done very easily by crisscrossing diagonally from corner to corner, which is a far simpler method than the laborious one of squaring up by measuring. When the design has been placed on the stone, the carver follows this which, if drawn with strength and thereby expressing solid shapes, can be followed by carving away from the highest points that should be shown in the drawing with white paper or white chalk. In the drawing, the tone represents gradual change of depth while carving.

ASCLEROTOMY knife is here presented. 1 The need for this knife is based on the fact that the scleral incision for iridectomy ab externo, iridencleisis, cyclodialysis, scleral resection or incision for removal of a foreign body through the posterior route is a delicate and careful procedure. If the incision is done too rapidly and too deeply, the uveal tract may be incised and vitreous may prolapse. The blade itself forms an obtuse angle of approximately 135 degrees with the handle. The widest portion near the handle is 1.25 mm.; it then narrows to a sharp point. The entire blade is about 1.2 cm. in length. The lower surface is sharp and bevels upward. The upper surface has a cutting edge which extends from the point for a distance of 3 mm. This knife has the following advantages: 1. Because of its angle, it facilitates the incision and makes it easier

Talon cusp is an uncommon anomaly, whose etiology may be disturbances in the morphodifferentiation stage. Dens in dente is also a rare anomaly that is challenging in clinic as it may cause pulp necrosis or periapical lesions due to the communication with the oral cavity. This article reports multiple talon cusps on permanent maxillary and mandibular incisors and molars in 3 siblings. A 9-year-old boy presented with structures like nodules, shaped as cylindrical cones with a sharp point or a raindrop with deep developmental fissures on the palatal aspect of the maxillary central incisors, lingual aspect of the mandibular central incisors and labial aspect of both mandibular first molars. The buccal surface of the maxillary right central incisor was also affected. Some of them exhibited dens in dente. His 15-year-old sister had prominent talon cusps on the palatal surface of maxillary central incisors and buccal surface of the mandibular first molars and mandibular left second molar. His 7-year-old brother had only one trace talon on the maxillary left central incisor. No syndrome was identified in the patients. In conclusion, genetic inheritance may be a causative factor in talon cusp. Cúspide em garra (talon cusp) é uma anomalia incomum, cuja etiologia pode estar relacionada a distúrbios no estágio de morfo-diferenciação. Dens in dente é também uma anomalia rara que impõe desafios na prática clínica, uma vez que pode causar necrose pulpar ou lesões periapicais devido à comunicação com a cavidade oral. Este artigo relata múltiplos casos de cúspide em garra em incisivos e molares superiores e inferiores permanentes em 3 irmãos. Um menino de 9 anos apresentou-se com estruturas nodulares em formato de cone cilíndrico com uma ponta aguda ou de "gota de chuva", com fissuras de desenvolvimento profundas na face palatina dos incisivos centrais superiores, e face lingual dos incisivos centrais e vestibular de ambos os primeiros molares inferiores. A face vestibular do incisivo central superior esquerdo também foi afetada. Alguns dentes apresentavam dens in dente. Sua irmã de 15 anos apresentava cúspides em garra proeminentes na face palatina dos incisivos centrais superiores e face lingual dos primeiros molares inferiores e segundo molar inferior esquerdo. Seu irmão de 7 anos apresentava apenas uma cúspide em garra vestigial no incisivo central superior esquerdo. Nenhuma síndrome foi identificada nos pacientes. Conclui-se que a herança genética pode ser um fator causativo da cúspide em garra.

Customary hypnotizing techniques entail an element of risk. This applies both to the methods of verbal suggestion and to those of sensory stimulation (haptic, optical, acoustic, thermic, vestibular stimuli). The risk in question is specially inherent in the fascination method; in some cases the hypnotist may get tired before the patient does! When the hypnotist looks into the patient’s eyes or makes him stare at some brilliant object (e.g., a reflex hammer) while assuring him that he will fall asleep, there will be a double disappointment for the physician if the patient persists in remaining awake. In the first place he loses the confidence of the patient, who, rightly or wrongly, will think that he cannot hypnotize, and secondly, what is worse still, the hypnotist will lose the confidence in his own ability, which will adversely affect his self-assured attitude toward the patient with the well-known result: hypnosis is abandoned as a therapeutic aid. There is, however, a fixation method that is an exception to this, i.e., the “color-contrast” method, the basic principle of whioh was laid down by Levy-Suhl in 1908. Here follows a description of the technique of the method that we have applied for many years in the Leyden Psychiatric Clinic. The patient is asked to lie on a couch and is handed a piece of cardboard 14 x 23 cm, plain grey in color, on which 2 strips of paper, each measuring 3.2 x 8 cm and respectively light yellow and blue (not shiny), have been neatly pasted without any fold, in such a way that a space of 5 mm remains between the 2 colored strips. (The writer usually rounds off the bottom-right-hand corner of the piece of cardboard to prevent the sharp point from irritating the patient who holds it in his right hand.) The patient with normal eyesight is told to hold the card at arm’s length. The couch is placed in such a way that the light falls on the complementary colors. While the patient, in accordance with the instructions given him, fixes without inter

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Accurate measurement from the line of insertion of any rectus muscle to the point on the sclera where it is desired to recede or advance that muscle is necessary. For this purpose a number of calipers have been designed. I have not been satisfied with any so far placed on the market. One type, designed on the principle of a slide rule, measures accurately the desired distance, but the projecting bars are dull and do not give an opportunity to indicate by a delicate scratch mark the position on the sclera for the insertion of the sutures. Another type is a small caliper with dull points neither of which serves the particular purpose desired. I have had an instrument maker construct a caliper one shank of which carries a thin shaft of steel which terminates in a very fine sharp point. This point cannot penetrate the sclera, as it is

During the past few years, I have needed a suitable meatotomy knife for the proper performance of meatotomy in male babies, young children, and even in adults with pin-point or very fine meatus. I have hitherto employed a sharp-pointed urethral knife with a very narrow blade and with a long handle made for use with the endoscope. This was just a makeshift to accomplish the purpose and its use was objectionable because of the sharp point which had to be passed within the urethra. A few cases of retention of urine in babies could be relieved only by the passage of a small ureteral catheter, and would usually recur until I used the urethral knife just mentioned. To my knowledge, the only small knife on the market is the Otis, with a belly-like blade and with a metal bulb at the tip. This cannot be passed

Thirty-four years ago, during my senior year in medical school, one of my professors published a book. It was calledMedicine at the Crossroads.1One needs to read only to the second page of the "Foreword" to learn that it concerns the "crisis" in medical care, and that if the profession does not voluntarily mend its ways the government will take over. Apparently, in the view of some, my contemporaries and I have lived our entire professional careers, either stalled at the same crossroads, or impaled on the sharp point of a crisis, depending on one's choice of metaphors. Somehow or other, it hasn't really seemed that way. A 34-year-old volume on the socioeconomics of medicine is scarcely a source for currently valid statistics. How quaint it may seem is apparent from the fact that the high cost of medical care is equated to $4-a-day hospital rooms and to

The inability to keep a fine sharp point on the usual type of acne stilet in use prompted me to devise the instrument shown in the accompanying photograph. The handle consists of a small vise, manufactured by a large wholesale jewelry supply house. 1 It has a chuck at each end. The needle, which is inserted in one end, is a regular Hagedorn straight surgical needle, with a fine sharp point and a cutting edge on one side. In the other end of the vise is fixed a portion of the usual acne stilet, which has been cut off and rounded to fit the chuck. The vise has approximately the same dimensions as a pocket fountain pen and is large enough to give the operator control of the instrument. The main advantage of this stilet is the Hagedorn needle. These needles are inexpensive and can be replaced. Resharpening is unnecessary.

The coefficients of cubical expansion of 10 tannages of leather and tendon collagen have been measured by using water as the confining liquid. The results, calculated for dry leather of density 1.560 g/ml, show that an average coefficient of 540X10~/°C applies for collagen and all leathers except chrome-vegetable leather, the coefficient of this tannage being 340X 10~/°C. These averages have a reproducibility indicated by standard deviations of 13X10-/°C and 37X10-/°C, respectively. The "shrinkage" or transition temperature is a band rather than a sharp point on the temperature scale. During apparent shrinkage, an increase in real volume of approximately 1 percent occurs. This increase in volume is irreversible, but the thermal expansion below the transition range is nearly completely reversible. The rate of expansion during transition of collagen follows the law of a firstorder reaction. The results are interpreted as indicating that the shrinkage does not occur at a characteristic temperature but is a rate process. The transition may be pictured as a change of state possibly coupled with a reaction.

In seeking a hemostat some years ago which was suitable for goiter surgery, the one marked "old style" in the accompanying illustration was designed and manufactured for our use. It was necessary to have this type of hemostat especially manufactured, as there was no snap on the market with a sufficiently sharp point for plunging them into the thyroid gland and at the same time possessing transverse stamping extending from the top to the heel of the jaws of the clamps. These hemostats have been employed in the clinic for years with great satisfaction, with the exception that catgut ties as they are passed about the handle of the hemostat and pulled downward toward its tip frequently catch in the fissure made by the open joint where the two limbs of the forceps are locked with a screw. To overcome this difficulty, the forceps shown in the illustration

EXPERIMENTS made with a pair of electrodes, one sharp and one blunt, show that a corona wind moves away from the sharp point independent of its polarity. If the needle is positive, the wind is stronger than when it is negative.

With the characters of the genus (see Packard, 1883, Daday de Dees, 1926). The shell of the male (Fig. 5) has 4 or 5 indistinct lines of growth. The dorsal hinge line is evenly arcuate, the highest point being just anterior to the middle. The posterior margin is slightly concave just below the end of the hinge, otherwise the outline of the shell makes an even oval. The specimen of maximum size measures 5 by 3 mm. In shape the head of the male differs sharply from that of the female. The main difference lies in the production of the lower angle into a sharp point (Fig. 3). In the male the first antennae are a little longer than in the female but do not show the marked sexual dimorphism as described for E. diversa by Mattox (1937). The first and second trunk appendages (gnathopoda) are not essentially different from the same structures in E. diversa and E. texana Packard. Details of the spination of the second antennae are omitted from this description because of verv considerable variation. This is true also of E. diversa accordinlg to Mattox and E. stoningtonensis according to Berry (1926). I have studied a number of specimens of E. texana Packard also, and it is true of this species. I suspect that all species of the genus are similarly variable.

A married woman, aged 55, a patient at the Rochester State Hospital, had made several attempts at suicide during depressive phases of a manic depressive psychosis. On April 1, 1934, she attempted to commit suicide by thrusting a number 12 crochet needle from the right temporal region through both orbits (fig. 1). The sharp point of the hook entered the right temple and was pushed through the left orbit until the point struck the left temporal orbital wall. She could not push the hook farther with her hand. She removed her slipper and, using the heel as a hammer, drove the hook farther into her head until the handle was entirely buried under the skin on the right temporal side. When she was discovered a few minutes later, blood was oozing from her nose and the conjunctiva of both eyes was edematous. Her vision, however, was apparently not impaired.

THE red-water phenomenon due to a Euglena described by Prof. Dendy in NATURE of August 7 has been observed by me in Pretoria. In this case, however, the Euglena swims freely about in the water, and also forms a red gelatinous scum on the surface of the damp mud on the side of the pond. In swimming they seldom show euglenoid movement. A flagellum longer than the body can be easily seen under the microscope at the anterior end of the body, but it always trails along the body with lashing movements. If they become stranded on the mud at the edge of the pond, they soon become spherical and encysted in a mucilaginous covering much wider than the body and showing a layered formation. I have not observed any bubbles of gas given off, although I have kept large quantities of them under observation for long periods. They appear to prefer the encysted form, as they always swim to the edge of the vessel towards the light and form a deep red line along the edge, which gradually becomes dry. If more water is added and the vessel turned round, they will leave their cysts and again swim towards the light side. They are of a fairly large size, and have a cylindrical body tapering to a sharp point at the posterior end, where the last portion is free from pigment Chlorophyll is present, and is easily seen amongst the red in those that have just come out of the encysted stage, but later on it entirely disappears.

The following case is of interest on account of the extent of the carcinomatous invasion and the clinical history, which gives another instance of the origin of carcinoma from post-natal embryonic tissue. The clinical examination revealed much evidence in favor of blastomycetes, and it was only after a most painstaking pathologic study by Professor Hektoen that a positive diagnosis of carcinoma was made. Mr. W. P. R., age 23, American, had good health until 9 years of age, when he became the victim of a severe accident. While hanging on a train, he was struck on the inner side of the thigh by the sharp point of a diamond-shaped switch that caused a gaping wound of the thigh, extending below the knee. There was considerable hemorrhage at the time and the wound is said to have been closed by sixty-three stitches. After the injury there was a denuded surface on