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Summary: Shrimp undergo rapid deterioration after death, primarily due to enzyme activity and microbial growth, with freezing serving as its primary preservation method. In this study, shrimp underwent both conventional freezing (CF) and magnetic field‐assisted freezing (MF), and the shrimp meat's metabolites were scrutinised via metabonomic analysis techniques. The results demonstrate that MF treatment effectively preserved umami components like glutamic acid (log2(FC) = 0.37) and inosinic acid (1.02) while inhibiting the accumulation of spoilage‐related metabolites such as inosine (HxR) (−2.51), hypoxanthine (Hx) (−1.43) and uric acid (UA) (−1.24). Moreover, specific compounds, including 3‐methylhistidine, 1,6‐bisphosphate, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), HxR, Hx and UA were recognised as potential biomarkers throughout the freezing process. This research offers crucial insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms behind magnetic field‐assisted freezing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to determine the physico-chemical parameters and prawn species available in Ase River at Ndokwa East L.G.A. of Delta State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected for nine (9) months from January to September, 2023. Samples were collected with plastic bottles at the deepest part of the river, they were labelled and kept in ice-chest box and transported to the laboratory for further analysis. Analysis of the water parameters followed standard procedure. Dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, temperature and pH were measured in-situ while other variables: (total dissolved solid, nitrate, carbonate, biochemical oxygen demand, and hardness) were determined in the laboratory. Prawn samples were collected from artisanal fisherfolks who used traditional basket valve traps made of bamboo to harvest. All protocol followed standard procedure. Results showed the mean dry season water temperature (27.9 ± 0.22 mg/l), carbonate (1.02 ± 0.02 mg/l) and BOD (2.23 ± 0.05 mg/l) which were significantly different (p < 0.05) and higher than the mean results for the wet season which were 26.6 ± 0.03 mg/, 0.86 ± 0.05 mg/l and 1.79 ± 0.10mg/l for temperature, carbonate and BOD respectively. Prawn species obtained and their percentage prevalence were Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (41.8%), Macrobrachium macrobrachion (36.5%) and Macrobrachium potamalpheops (21.7%). Results from the study showed that the variation in physico-chemical parameters influenced the abundance of prawn species found in the environment. It is recommended that government agencies carry out fisheries extension education which could help the artisanal fisherfolks in sustainable harvest practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was set out to quantify biochemical parameters in freshwater prawns (M. nipponense) raised in four different salinity levels and temperature ranges (20, 25, 30, and 35°C) as well as stress enzymes (ALT and AST), ionic content (Cl, K, Na, and Ca), and osmotic pressure. The Shatt al-Arab River in the Al-Mashab region of southern Iraq was the site of the M. nipponense sample collection. This study used a recycling aquarium system (RAS) with sixty-liter plastic containers for each subject. In comparison with the control group, all metrics increased significantly (P< 0.05), although biochemical parameters decreased significantly (P< 0.05). In addition, a negative relationship was detected between temperature, salinity, total protein, glucose, K, Na, ALT, and AST and a positive relationship with urea, Cl, Ca, and cholestrol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The autochthonous caramote prawn, Penaeus kerathurus, is highly exploited and widely studied throughout its distribution range in the Mediterranean. However, in Algeria, very few studies have been conducted on its biological aspects. In this research article, we provided for the first time a detailed analysis of the key parameters: length-weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factor (K) of prawns harvested from the unique coastal lagoon in the country, El Mellah Lake. Thus, the morphometric relationships between the total and carapace lengths against body weight were established for 1066 males, 608 females, and grouped individuals, revealing a negative allometric growth in all cases. Similarly, all K-obtained average values were less than the unit, indicating the poor nutritional status of prawns. Overall, the present findings showed that both parameters were sex-dependent and more likely reflect the population response to species growth and reproductive traits, biotic (new predator-prey relationship), and abiotic (lagoon’s meso-oligotrophic status) stimuli. The present study will be useful for better enhancing our understanding about P. kerathurus in southwestern Mediterranean and lagoon habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Pacific white shrimp is one of the world's most economically significant aquatic species, being one of the top three species cultured globally. However, the increasing incidence of diseases such as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and hepatopancreatic microsporidia has led to a serious decline in shrimp production and severe economic losses. With the increasing demand for pathogen detection in shrimp farms, rapid DNA extraction technology has become more sophisticated. In this study, a rapid and crude method of extracting genomic DNA from shrimp muscle and hepatopancreas using Chelex-100 was established. Results: DNA was successfully extracted from muscle and hepatopancreatic tissues using both the Chelex-100 method and commercial kits. The internal reference genes of shrimp were successfully amplified via PCR and real-time PCR using the obtained DNA samples. Moreover, a field assay was successfully conducted using real-time PCR and real-time enzymatic recombinase amplification (real-time ERA), indicating that the quality of the DNA extracted using Chelex-100 is sufficient for use in conjunction with nucleic acid amplification to detect pathogens in shrimps. Conclusions: Chelex-100 is an efficient method for extracting DNA from shrimp muscle or hepatopancreas tissues, with a short extraction time, high extraction efficiency, and simple operation, making it appropriate for use in the detection of pathogens in shrimp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

East Kalimantan has a superior commodity: tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Some of these commodities are marketed to several areas in Samarinda City and to areas outside Samarinda City, namely West Kutai Regency (Barong Tongkok Market). The distribution process uses a cold chain (cool box) system for 12 hours of travel. Long distribution times cause product quality to decrease. This study aims to assess tiger shrimp's quality and handling strategies using a cold chain system at PPI Selili Samarinda City. The quality level is determined using organoleptic testing at points 1 (PPI Selili) and 2 (Pasar Barong Tongkok). The formal safety assessment (FSA) method is used to identify risks in each handling activity, risk assessment associated with tiger shrimp deterioration, risk control, and recommendations to minimize quality degradation. Based on organoleptic tests, the quality of tiger shrimp is included in the category of safe for consumption. Product handling activities included unloading products from ships, moving them to terminals, washing, structuring, packaging in cool boxes, transportation by shipping services, shipping to Melak Pasar Barong Tongkok, unloading from shipping services, and product arrangement. The highest potential risk is handling shipments to Melak Pasar Barong Tongkok, which has 22 potential hazards. Risk mitigation can be applied through socialization and evaluation related to suitable fish handling methods (CPIB) and making operational schedules for cleaning in the product loading and unloading area before and after handling activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various species of freshwater zooplankton feature defensive spines, spikes or spinules across a comparatively wide size range. Among those is Daphnia magna , which has previously been found to express an enhanced spinescence in response to the predatory tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis. This involves an elongated tail-spine, further protruding fornices and elongated, as well as further spread spinules along its carapace margins. Of these, the predator-induced trait changes concerning the spinules of D. magna at the age of first reproduction are known. However, their morphological development throughout the juvenile instars, in comparison to the changes of the prominent tail spine during the same periods, has thus far been unclear. Our study shows that D. magna expresses spinules across all investigated juvenile instars. Furthermore, during ontogeny, the development of D. magna 's rather small spinescence traits, i.e. the dorsal and ventral mean spinule length, as well as the dorsal spinules bearing area, in response to predation pressure, differs distinctly from that of the prominent tail-spine. Thus, our study provides further insight into the connectedness of traits contributing to the overall defensively enhanced spinescence of D. magna , with possible implications for the functional benefit of the traits at certain developmental periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In caridean shrimps, sexual systems vary from gonochorism to various forms of hermaphroditism. The shrimp Salmoneus carvachoi has been reported to exhibit both male (appendix masculina) and female (brooding embryos) anatomical characteristics simultaneously. Our aim was to examine the sexual system of S. carvachoi and to test the hypothesis of protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism (PSH) in this species. We analysed internal and external features using microscopy and histology techniques. Our analyses support the hypothesis of PSH in S. carvachoi and enabled the identification of male-phase and hermaphroditic individuals. All individuals exhibit a well-developed appendix masculina on the endopods of the second pleopods; however, small male-phase individuals possess only male gonopores, whereas larger hermaphroditic individuals possess both female and male gonopores. Hermaphrodites exhibit both male and female germinative cells in various stages of development, as well as an androgenic gland. Our study describes a novel sexual system for alpheids and provides a detailed description of anatomical traits in S. carvachoi. Studies that describe sexual systems in Alpheidae may shed light on the evolutionary history of gender expression in carideans and how environmental conditions favour sex allocation in decapods and other invertebrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mohale, H.P.; Jawahar, P.; Jayakumar, N.; Swapnil, N.; Kadam, R.V.; Prakash, P.; Oli, G.A., and Ravikumar, T., 2024. Fishery, biology, and dynamics of Parapenaeopsis maxillipedo (Alcock, 1905) off the SE coast of Tamil Nadu (India). Journal of Coastal Research, 40(4), 779–791. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The current study was carried out between September 2022 to September 2023 from SE coast of Tamil Nadu for Parapenaeopsis shrimp. This shrimp, estimated to rank third in shrimp production, landed as 2216, 2032, and 1704 kg from Thoothukudi, Mandapam, and Nagapattinam landing centers, respectively. The catch per unit effort was calculated to check the abundance of this species and ranged from 21.83 to 96.41 kg, averaging 46.33% in both years. The total length of males and females was observed in the range of 5.5 to 10.5 cm and 6.5 to 12.5 cm, respectively. Female shrimp attained first maturity at 6.5 cm, whereas male shrimp were 5.5 cm. The gonadosomatic index was calculated and found to be the highest (5.64–5.78) in March and September and the lowest in April and October for both years. The absolute fecundity for P. maxillipedo was recorded and ranged from 38,500 to 1,32,000 ova per female. The highest index of relative importance was observed in October and April for both male (57.04) and female (73.82) shrimp. To estimate von Bertalanffy's growth equation in P. maxillipedo, the asymptotic length and growth coefficient (K) growth parameters were combined for both sexes and analyzedas 13.55 cm and 1.5 y–1, respectively. The total mortality and natural mortality (M) were observed as 3.04 and 2.86 y–1, respectively. Hence, fishing mortality was 0.18 y–1, and the exploitation rate (E) was 0.06. The length at first catch per length (LC/L) and M/K values were calculated using the Y/R model as 0.52 and 1.2 for males and 0.48 and 1.3 for females, respectively. E was observed as 0.06, which was lower than the maximum E of 0.4, which showed that the P. maxillipedo fisheries along the SE coast of Tamil Nadu were at unexploited conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system comprises five distinct components and is involved in many different physiological processes. Recent studies have shown that different viruses rely upon the host ESCRT system for viral infection. However, whether this system is involved in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection remains unclear. Here, we identified 24 homologs of ESCRT subunits in kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus, and found that some key components were strongly upregulated in shrimp after WSSV infection. Knockdown of key components of the ESCRT system using RNA interference inhibited virus replication, suggesting that the ESCRT system is beneficial for WSSV infection. We further focused on TSG101, a crucial member of the ESCRT-I family that plays a central role in recognizing cargo and activating the ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III complexes. TSG101 colocalized with WSSV in hemocytes. The addition of N16 (a TSG101 inhibitor) markedly decreased WSSV replication. TSG101 and ALIX of the ESCRT system interact with WSSV envelope proteins. The host proteins TSG101, RAB5, and RAB7, the viral protein VP28, and DNA were detected in endosomes isolated from hemocytes of WSSV-infected shrimp. Knockdown of Rab5 and Rab7 expression reduced viral replication. Taken together, these results suggest that the ESCRT system is hijacked by WSSV for transport through the early to late endosome pathway. Our work identified a novel requirement for the intracellular trafficking and infection of WSSV, and provided novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and control of WSSV in shrimp aquaculture. IMPORTANCE Viruses utilize the ESCRT machinery in a variety of strategies for their replication and infection. This study revealed that the interaction of ESCRT complexes with WSSV envelope proteins plays a crucial role in WSSV infection in shrimp. The ESCRT system is conserved in the shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus, and 24 homologs of the ESCRT system were identified in the shrimp. WSSV exploits the ESCRT system for transport and propagation via the interaction of envelope proteins with host TSG101 and ALIX in an endosome pathway-dependent manner. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of WSSV infection is important for disease control and breeding in shrimp aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de Investigación is the property of Grupo Compas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Environmental stressors in aquatic organisms can be assessed using a bioenergetic approach based on the evaluation of changes in their physiological parameters. We evaluated the chronic effects of cadmium (Cd2+) on the energy balance as well as the survival, growth, metabolism, nitrogen excretion, hepatosomatic index, oxidized energy substrate, and osmoregulation of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei with the hypothesis that the high energy demand related to the homeostatic regulation of Cd2+could disrupt the energy balance and as a consequence, their physiological functions. The shrimp exposed to Cd2+ had higher mortality (30%), directed more energy into growth (33% of energy intake), ingested 10% more energy, and defecated less than control animals. Cd2+ exposure caused a tendency to decrease metabolism and ammonia excretion but did not alter the hepatosomatic index, type of energy substrate oxidized, and the hyperosmorregulatory pattern of the species. The Cd+2 exposure may have induced a trade-off response because there was a growth rate increase accompanied by increased mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrimp is the largest aquaculture species in Bangladesh by value, and it is also the largest species in terms of export value. However, due to the impacts of climate change, the sustainability of shrimp production is jeopardized. In this study, we use longitudinal data from 1990 to 2020 to investigate the impact of climatic factors such as annual temperature, precipitation, CO2 emissions, and salinity, as well as non-climatic factors such as gross cultivated areas, availability of credit, labor availability, and the export price of shrimp. A recently developed dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL) and augmented ARDL model are used for the methodological approach. The results show that temperature, precipitation, and CO2 emissions all have a detrimental effect, whereas soil salinity has a significant favorable influence on shrimp production in the long run. Cultivated lands availability of credit, and the export price of shrimp, on the other hand, all have a favorable and significant impact on shrimp production in both the long and short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the economic benefits of phycoremediation in wastewater treatment, existing scientific reports have highlighted its limited efficacy in contaminant removal. Similarly, membrane separation faces significant challenges due to associated fouling, hindering its widespread application. Addressing these issues, this study introduces an innovative approach utilizing Arabidopsis thaliana (AT) extract as a dual-function capping and reducing agent to synthesize bio-based silver nanoparticles (n-AgO), eliminating the need for additional reducing agents. The process involved homogenizing 300 g of fresh AT leaves with 500 mL of DI water, filtering the extract, and subsequently mixing 100 mL of this extract with 50-mL AgNO3, followed by agitation and centrifugation, resulting in n-AgO with an average size of ≈10 nm and a face-centered cubic crystalline structure confirmed using X-ray dispersive spectroscopy. These nanoparticles were then applied to modify polyethersulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PES-PVP) hollow fibers at varying loadings using the non-solvent-induced phase technique. The resultant membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, and porosity analysis. Assessment using shrimp wastewater as an influent demonstrated that the 0.50-g n-AgO modified PES-PVP exhibited the highest flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 0.932 and significantly reduced irreversible fouling compared to neat PES-PVP. Integration of Chlamydomonas sp. phycoremediation achieved substantial ammonia removal (87.94%) and TSS exclusion (61.41%), but the integration with the 0.50-g n-AgO modified membrane significantly enhanced the overall remediation efficiency to over 94%. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of this improvement (P ≤ 0.05, F value of 13.49). This study highlights the potential of hybrid phycoremediation with modified membranes in wastewater treatment, emphasizing the need for further exploration into optimizing hybrid performance and extending assessments to diverse pollutants for broader applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In salt marsh ecosystems, daggerblade grass shrimp, Palaemon (Palaemonetes) pugio, play a crucial role in food webs and serve as the definitive host for the bopyrid isopod Probopyrus pandalicola. These ectoparasites infest the branchial chambers of grass shrimp, which can lead to decreased energy availability and sterilization of infected hosts. Although bopyrid isopod infestation of daggerblade grass shrimp has been frequently reported in literature from coastal marshes of the southeastern United States, the prevalence of this parasite has not been recently documented in daggerblade grass shrimp from marshes of the northeastern United States. The goal of this project was to quantify the prevalence of Pr. pandalicola infestations in Pa. pugio across Cape Cod, Massachusetts. We evaluated bopyrid isopod prevalence from shrimp collected from 5 different salt marsh habitats along Cape Cod in August 2021. Bopyrid isopod infestations were found in shrimp at 4 of 5 salt marshes, with prevalence ranging from 0.04 to 14.1%. Seasonal resampling of one of the salt marshes revealed the highest average infestation prevalence in spring (<17.1%) and an isolated high of 30.3% prevalence in a single salt panne. A series of linear and multivariate models showed that panne area, shrimp abundance, and distance to shoreline were related to Pr. pandalicola shrimp infestations in salt pannes in summer. This study describes the prevalence of the bopyrid isopod infesting daggerblade grass shrimp in salt marshes in New England, with implications for how parasitized shrimp influence salt marsh food webs in which they are found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to identify the distribution and diversity of shrimp species (Decapoda) in the Babo, Bintun Mangrove Forest Area and its conservation aspects. This research has been carried out in the period from March 2024 to May 2024 in three villages in the waters of bintun Bay, Babo District, namely Nusei Village, Modan Village, and Amutu Village. The results of the analysis show that the number and abundance of shrimp at the three research stations in Babo are moderate. Only one species was found in the family Palaemonidae. The distribution of shrimp was influenced by the distribution of food. The average temperature of the shrimp was 25.06 °C, and the good temperature for the growth of white leg shrimp ranged from 22.0 - 29.6oC. The good temperature of shrimp ranges from 0 to 30oC. Among the six species, Penaeus indicus, jerbung, vannamei, and alpheus were the most abundant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effect of various process factors on the drying of fresh water filleted prawns (Macrobrachium felicinum). The aim was to obtain data utilizing experimental and theoretical analysis that can be applied in equipment development and process optimization for drying seafood. Thus, pre‐treated prawns at different brine concentrations were dried at three isothermal conditions using a laboratory oven. The experimental moisture content data was changed to a moisture ratio and was employed to determine the drying attributes of the prawn. Drying condition optimality was explored more for model suitability using seven drying models in existence. Treatment of the prawns at a brine concentration of 2–6% affected the drying kinetics. The effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy for brine treatments ranged from 3.66 × 10−7 to 7.52 × 10−7 m2/s and 39.09 to 40.86 kJ/mol respectively while the specific energy required for the drying procedure varied from 44.52 to 76.34 kWh/kg after 9–14 h continuous drying at 50–70°C. Furthermore, the drying data's optimization demonstrated that the optimum temperature for drying filleted prawns in thin layers was 60.59°C with a brining concentration of 4.35%. The moisture ratio data fitted into semi‐theoretical and empirical model revealed that the Page model was the best model for samples pretreated by 0%, 4%, and 6% brine, whereas the Logarithmic model was the best‐fit for the samples brined with 2% solution. The study's data will be useful in developing and assessing drying techniques and systems for prawns and other related freshwater products. Practical Applications: Prawns (Macrobrachium felicinum) are a common dietary item in several countries, and demand for dried marine food delicacies is increasing as they are high in antioxidant poly‐unsaturated fatty acids, astaxanthin, and vitamin B12. However, because prawns are highly perishable and post‐harvest losses are predicted to make up 35% of daily catches, drying is required to minimize these losses. To guarantee that the drying process is both efficient and cost‐effective, optimum drying conditions must be established. As a result, this study was carried out to produce data that would be useful for drying pretreated prawn fillets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reproductive dynamics of commercially important penaeid prawn Penaeus merguiensis was investigated in the coastal waters of Maharashtra during 2002-2003 by collecting data from inshore nearshore and offshore, waters. The size at maturity was 123 mm for males and 133 mm for females. The species spawned throughout the year with two spawning peaks, major one during March-May and minor during October-December and spawning area of the species is offshore waters >40 m depth. Ova diameter study showed tendency to shed all their eggs at one instance, but the progression of modal sizes of mature females demonstrated that females with spawning periodicity of 26±5.5 days could spawn about 12 times during their life span. The sex ratio showed that mainly large sized mature females migrate towards offshore deeper waters. Fecundity was exponentially related to length by F= 0.000000528*TL5.2086. The population fecundity index in nearshore and offshore areas indicated two peaks with major spawning activity during March-April and minor during August-September. The egg production by the surviving population in the sea, gave major peak during April-May and a minor during November. The occurrence of juveniles in the catch was bimodal and their mean size declined twice in inshore, nearshore and offshore waters which pointed to two recruitment pulses in March and November in inshore waters and in March and December in nearshore and offshore waters. The percentage of juveniles was the highest in March which suggested that post-monsoon spawning in November was the most effective. The ratio of juveniles and the egg production gave annual survival rate of 0.03%. The monthly survival showed bimodal trend with peak in April (0.07%) and November (0.03%), which suggested that spawning during November-December and May-June was responsible for the two cohorts, the post-monsoon and pre-monsoon, among which the former was more successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study provides length-weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factors (Kn) estimates for ten deep-sea scorpaeniform fishes based on data consisting of new maximum size. The samples were collected from Sakthikulangara Harbour, located on the southwest coast of India, from September 2021 to December 2022. These samples were obtained as bycatch from deep-sea shrimp trawlers operating in the Arabian Sea at depths ranging from 200 to 420 m. The estimated b values ranged from 2.92 (Brachypterois serrulata) to 3.76 (Pterygotrigla arabica). The Kn ranged from 0.56 (Satyrichthys laticeps) to 1.53 (Neomerinthe erostris), with four species exhibiting Kn values higher than 1. The LWR estimates and Kn provided in this study are helpful to understand the growth characteristics of these data limited species and also to revalidate the modeled growth parameters using the Bayesian approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the dark, expansive habitat of the deep sea, the production of light through bioluminescence is commonly used among a wide range of taxa. In decapod crustaceans, bioluminescence is only known in shrimps (Dendrobranchiata and Caridea) and may occur in different modes, including luminous secretions that are used to deter predators and/or from specialised light organs called photophores that function by providing camouflage against downwelling light. Photophores exhibit an extensive amount of morphological variation across decapod families: they may be internal (of hepatic origin) or embedded in surface tissues (dermal), and may possess an external lens, suggesting independent origins and multiple functions. Within Dendrobranchiata, we report bioluminescence in Sergestidae, Aristeidae, and Solenoceridae, and speculate that it may also be found in Acetidae, Luciferidae, Sicyonellidae, Benthesicymidae, and Penaeidae. Within Caridea, we report bioluminescence in Acanthephyridae, Oplophoridae, Pandalidae, and new observations for Pasiphaeidae. This comprehensive review includes historic taxonomic literature and recent studies investigating bioluminescence in all midwater and deep benthic shrimp families. Overall, we report known or suspected bioluminescence in 157 species across 12 families of decapod shrimps, increasing previous records of bioluminescent species by 65%. Mounting evidence from personal observations and the literature allow us to speculate the presence of light organs in several families thought to lack bioluminescence, making this phenomenon much more common than previously reported. We provide a detailed discussion of light organ morphology and function within each group and indicate future directions that will contribute to a better understanding of how deep‐sea decapods use the language of light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2000, a well‐established population of the invasive oriental shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus has been present in fully marine conditions in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (~38° S). To assess the physiological performance of this atypical population restricted to fully marine conditions, we conducted a laboratory experiment in which individuals were transferred from 35 ‰S (local seawater) to 2 ‰S; 5 ‰S; 10 ‰S; 20 ‰S; 50 ‰S and 60‰ for short (6 h), medium (48 h), and long (>504 h) acclimation periods. We measured the time course response of relevant parameters in the shrimp's hemolymph; activity of Na+, K+‐ATPase (NKA), and V‐H+‐ATPase (VHA); and muscle water content. Shrimp showed great osmoregulatory plasticity, being able to survive for long periods between 5 ‰S and 50 ‰S, whereas no individual survived after transfer to either 2 ‰S or 60 ‰S. Shrimp hyper‐regulated hemolymph osmolality at 5 ‰S and 10 ‰S, hypo‐regulated at 35 ‰S and 50 ‰S, and isosmoticity was close to 20 ‰S. Compared to 35 ‰S, prolonged acclimation to 5 ‰S caused a decrease in hemolymph osmolality (~34%) along with sodium and chloride concentrations (~24%); the NKA and VHA activities decreased by ~52% and ~88%, respectively, while muscle water content was tightly regulated. Our results showed that the atypical population of P. macrodactylus studied here lives in a chronic hypo‐osmo‐ion regulatory state and suggest that fully marine conditions contribute to its poor performance at the lower limit of salinity tolerance (<5 ‰S). Research Highlights: Shrimp lives in a chronic hypo‐osmo‐ionic regulatory state.Shrimp can tolerate brackish water but not freshwater.An incipient local physiological adaptation to full‐strength seawater is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity and temperature significantly affect the growth and production of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. This research investigated the effect of these two vital parameters on behaviour, survival, haemocyte-based cellular immunity, and proximate composition of M. rosenbergii. Adolescent prawns were exposed at five different salinities (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 ppt) and temperatures (22, 26, 30, 34, 38 °C) at a stocking of 6-ind/25-L glass tank with three replication and nursed up to 168 h. Prawn showed normal behaviour and movement up to salinity of 10 ppt, while rising salinity to 20 ppt associated with abnormal behaviour caused 50% mortality within 72 h and showed complete mortality after 96 h. Prawns exposed at 22–30 °C exhibited normal behaviours, while uplifting temperature to 34 °C showed unusual behaviour and mortality. Further increase of temperature to 38 °C, survival rapidly decreased to 33.33% after 24 h, and complete mortality happened within 72 h. Total haemocyte count and differential haemocyte count did not exhibit significant variation at salinity ≤ 10 ppt and temperature ≤ 30 °C, while there was a significant declination at higher salinities (≥ 15 ppt) and temperatures (≥ 34 °C). Interestingly, after a significant fall in protein content at 30 °C, it started to increase at higher temperatures. Meanwhile, a significant decrease in lipid content was recorded at salinity ≥ 15 ppt. Water quality measurements were within acceptable norms for prawn aquaculture throughout the experiment. According to this study, prawns' growth, behaviour, and immune system were mostly unaffected by saline levels up to 10 ppt and temperatures below 30 °C; thus, ranges could be adopted for climatically altered coastal environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object detection adopting deep-learning has strongly promoted the development of intensive aquaculture. However, shrimp larvae, as an important aquatic organism, are more difficult to be detected than others. On the one hand, they have indeed small sizes, which will cause them to be easily ignored due to the background noise pollution. On the other hand, affected by environmental factors and the fact that shrimp larvae like to move fast as jumping, the images of shrimp larvae often appear blurry. In order to obtain better shrimp larvae detection performance, we propose an improved anchor-free method called CAGNet in this paper. Compared with YOLOX_s, three structures including backbone, neck, and head have been improved in the proposed method. Firstly, we ameliorate the backbone by adding a coordinate attention module to extract more location information and semantic information of shrimp larvae at different levels. Secondly, an adaptively spatial feature fusion module is introduced to the neck. It can adaptively integrate effective shrimp larvae features from different levels and suppress the interference of conflicting information arising from the background. Moreover, in the head, we use GIoU module instead of conventional IoU for more accurate bounding box regression. We conducted experiments by collecting shrimp larvae data from a real aquaculture farm. Compared with the general object detection methods and previous related research, CAGNet has achieved better performance in Precision, Recall, F1 Score, and AP@0.5:0.95. Hence, the proposed method can be effectively applied to shrimp larvae detection in intensive aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of exogenous enzyme supplementation, specifically phytase and protease, in fish meal–free and phosphorus-limited diets for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei through two feeding trials. The trials aimed to assess shrimp growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility simultaneously in a clear-water recirculating tank system (34 ppt, 30 °C) employing a continuous feeding regime, with feces being collected on a daily basis throughout the feeding trials. In the first feeding 50-day feeding trial shrimp (3.4 g initial body weight) were fed diets supplemented with phytase (1000 and 2000 FTU/kg) and phytase together with protease (1000 FTU/kg + protease and 2000 FTU/kg + protease), in addition to animals fed a positive control (supplemented inorganic phosphate) and a negative control diet without supplementation. In the second shrimp feeding trial (4.3 g initial body weight), in addition to negative and positive controls, shrimp were fed increasing levels of phytase (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 8000 FTU/kg) over a 42-day experimental period. Both feeding trials showed beneficial effects phytase addition compared to the negative control, with significant improvements (P < 0.05) observed at dietary phytase levels of 2000 FTU/kg and above. Gains were obtained in growth performance (observed weekly growth of 1.46 and 1.86 g/week for shrimp fed the negative control and diet supplemented with 3000 FTU/kg, respectively), and apparent phosphorus digestibility increasing from 41.7% in animals fed the negative control diet to 52.9% in animals fed the 3000 FTU/kg supplemented. Results indicated that phytase supplementation yielded significant improvements in shrimp growth performance and phosphorus digestibility compared to the negative control. Notably, the observed benefits were evident at specific dietary phytase levels. However, the addition of protease supplements did not demonstrate any discernible effects on shrimp performance under the experimental conditions. Overall, these findings underscore the potential of phytase supplementation as a means to enhance nutrient utilization and promote optimal growth in L. vannamei. Further investigations are warranted to explore the full range of benefits and mechanisms associated with protease supplementation in shrimp diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibriosis is a disease that frequently infects shrimp and financially devastates the shrimp industry worldwide. Because of the detrimental effects of antibiotic use in shrimp disease management, such as the emergence of various antibiotic-resistant bacteria, decreased antibiotic efficacy due to long-term use, and residues remaining in sediments, water, and shrimp body tissues, researchers are developing alternatives to vibriosis disease control through biocontrol technologies that are more effective, economical, and environmentally friendly. Biological agents such as microalgae, viruses, fungi, and bacteria are used in several biocontrol technologies. Despite its widespread use, several aspects of bacteria-based Vibrio biocontrol remain poorly known, including the most effective pathogen suppression mechanism and how it interacts with shrimp as a host. In this review, the development of biocontrol technologies for vibriosis in shrimp, especially those that use bacteria as agents, such as green water technology, biofloc, probiotics, and synbiotics, as well as the biocontrol mechanism of action and its interactions with the host and opportunities for further studies, are discussed to enrich our understanding of controlling Vibrio in shrimp in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water quality is vital for the vannamei shrimp pond's productivity. Manual monitoring at Gunung Anyar's vannamei shrimp pond is timeconsuming, ineffective, and potentially harmful. In this research, we developed a real-time monitoring system for the water quality of the vannamei shrimp pond. This monitoring system is integrated with a solarbased aerator. To address this, water quality monitoring in a solar-based aerator system tracks the degree of acidity (pH), temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS) remotely using a website and real-time mobile phone Android application with 98.57% accuracy and 1.43% error. Seven days of data revealed the degree of acidity between 6.92 and 7.34 is indicated poor conditions of the pond While the temperatures from 23.59 °C to 38.32 °C, and TDS from 628.65 to 652.34 ppm indicate the good condition of the shrimp pond. This real-time monitoring system can help vannamei shrimp farmers monitor the actual conditions of their ponds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf litter decomposition is a key ecosystem process in headwater streams, influenced by physical fragmentation, microbial degradation and feeding activity by stream biota. In some tropical streams, feeding by freshwater shrimps can exert strong top-down control on leaf litter decomposition, however, variation in shrimp macroconsumer effects across small spatial scales or among years is not well-known. We ran 50-day macroconsumer exclusion experiments to measure shrimp effects on leaf decomposition in two adjacent headwater streams in Puerto Rico, in 2017 (immediately prior to two Category 4 and 5 hurricanes) and again in 2018 and 2019, to assess shrimp effects in the context of post-hurricane conditions that included reduced canopy cover and higher shrimp (Atya and Xiphocaris) counts. Leaf decomposition was faster when shrimp had access to leaf packs, but only in the study stream with larger pools, which also had higher overall shrimp counts. However, increased shrimp abundances following the hurricanes did not result in faster decomposition, potentially because shrimp diets shifted toward algae post-hurricanes when canopies were more open. We conclude that shrimp effects on leaf litter breakdown may vary between adjacent streams that differ in habitat conditions and that increasing local shrimp abundances may fail to accelerate decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal microbiome contains several times of functional genes compared to the host and mediates the generation of multiple metabolic products, and therefore it is called "second genome" for host. Crustaceans rank second among the largest subphylum of aquaculture animals that are considered potentially satisfy global substantial food and nutrition security, among which the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ranks the first in the production. Currently, increasing evidences show that outbreaks of some most devastating diseases in shrimp, including white feces syndrome (WFS) and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), are related to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Importantly, the intestine microbial composition can be altered by environmental stress, diet, and age. In this review, we overview the progress of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and WFS or ANPHD in shrimp, and how the microbial composition is altered by external factors. Hence, developing suitable microbial micro-ecological prevention and control strategy to maintain intestinal balance may be a feasible solution to reduce the risk of disease outbreaks. Moreover, we highlight that defining the "healthy intestine microbiota" and evaluating the causality of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and diseases following the logic of "Microecological Koch's postulates" should be the key goal in future shrimp intestinal field, which help to guide disease diagnosis and prevent disease outbreaks in shrimp farming. Key points: • Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is relevant to multiple shrimp diseases. • Microecological Koch's postulates help to evaluate the causality of shrimp diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the effect of temperature shock (sudden and gradual) by increasing water temperature from 28 °C to 40 °C on survival, behavioral responses and immunological changes in Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) was studied. In sudden temperature shock, experimental groups were maintained at different temperature ranges such as 28 °C- 31 °C; 28 °C—34 °C; 28 °C—37 °C and 28 °C—40 °C along with 28 °C as control. For gradual temperature shock experiments, the initial water temperature was maintained at 28 °C for 24 h in control and then increased to 1 °C for every 24 h until reaching 40 °C. On reaching the final temperature of 40 °C, it was kept stable for 120 h. Results indicated that the increasing water temperature (sudden shock) affected survival, behavioral responses and immunological parameter. No shrimp survived at 40 °C treatment (sudden), whereas in the gradual temperature shock experiment 20% of animals survived at 40 °C. The increasing water temperature had no effects on behavioral responses up to 37 °C (gradual), but at 40 °C the observation of muscle cramps, low swimming rate, no feeding, muscle and hepatopancreas color turned whitish. Overall, the results suggest that L. vannamei can tolerate water temperature up to 34 °C under sudden shock and 37 °C under gradual shock conditions. This study reveals that shrimp L. vannamei can self-regulate to a certain extent of temperature variation in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex chromosome degeneration is documented in various animal taxa and is predicted to be due, in part, to a buildup of transposable elements (TE) on the non‐recombining sex chromosome (Y in mammals and W in many crustaceans). Recombination in XX (or ZZ) individuals is predicted to reduce the buildup of TEs on the X (Z), but because there are no YY (WW) individuals, such TE buildup goes unchecked on the Y or W. Herein, we report an analysis of TEs in the genome of a crustacean that has both ZZ and WW individuals. The purported W chromosome did show linkage with several known sex‐linked loci. However, the prediction of a buildup of TEs throughout the purported W was not found: neither the predicted accumulation of the TE types LINE and LTR nor the expected higher TE numbers were observed on the purported W. We could not exclude the possibility of TE buildup in a smaller non‐recombining region of the W chromosome, which is predicted in species in the earliest stages of sex chromosome development. These results allow a glimpse into the earliest stages of sex chromosome evolution in these branchiopod crustaceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of betel (Piper betle) and amla (Phyllanthus emblica) leaf extracts as feed supplement was studied on the growth and immune functions of the shrimp Penaeus monodon when exposed to a virulent strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Six experimental groups (PB-1, PB-2, PB-3 and PE-1, PE-2, PE-3) of shrimp were fed extract at varying concentrations, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%, before being compared to a control group that did not receive any extract. After a feeding trial of 4 weeks, each group of shrimp was challenged with V. parahaemolyticus at a concentration of 106 CFU/mL and monitored for 2 weeks. The lowest concentration of P. betle extract and the moderate concentration of P. emblica extract in the diet induced a significant increase in shrimp growth performance parameters (final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate) and feed utilization efficiency (low feed conversion ratio, high protein efficiency ratio). The dietary extracts also exhibited a significant positive influence on the immunological parameters such as total haemocyte count, prophenoloxidase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity before and after the challenge with V. parahaemolyticus. Compared to the control group, the total Vibrio load was significantly lower in the shrimp groups fed with extracts with the highest Vibrio density found in the hepatopancreas. The cumulative mortality of shrimp fed with extracts during 14 days decreased significantly, whereas control shrimps displayed 100% mortality upon V. parahaemolyticus challenge. In summary, we propose that a diet supplemented with P. betle and P. emblica leaf extract improves the growth of shrimp, and improves their immunity as is evident from their decreased susceptibility to V. parahaemolyticus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of resources for aquafeed production is one of the main constraints that could hinder the rapid expansion of aquaculture. Our aim was to investigate the inclusion of spent brewer's yeast as an ingredient in aquafeeds and evaluate the zootechnical performance, proximate and elemental body composition, amino acid profile, and egg development of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium borellii. We fed juvenile prawns with three feeds: D18, D25, and D32, which represent 18%, 25%, and 32% inclusion of SBY as a partial substitute for FM, respectively, during a 75-day trial. Prawns cultivated with D18 exhibited higher growth increment (97.73 ± 7.30%), specific growth rate (0.39 ± 0.02%), and protein efficiency ratio (0.27 ± 0.04%) than other treatments. However, the total biomass produced, as well as the proximate and elemental body composition of prawns, was similar across treatments. The most abundant essential amino acids in the prawn's body were arginine, leucine, and lysine while feeds showed good quality despite the limitations of arginine and phenylalanine. We observed successful hatching when prawns were fed with feed containing more SBY, indicating a more successful reproductive stock. Farming prawns with feeds containing different inclusion percentages of SBY is feasible. The inclusion of this raw material in high replacement percentages (up to 50%) is viable and could promote the bioeconomy by utilizing discarded local raw material instead of wild-caught resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrimp farming is a significant contributor to the GDP of several growing Asian countries. However, the emergence of Enterocytozoon hepatopanaei (EHP) infection has had a negative impact on the Indian shrimp market, leading to increased mortality and growth retardation among shrimp populations. In order to address this issue, a study was conducted to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of neem aqueous extract (NAE) in treating EHP infection in shrimp. This study employed various approaches, including toxicity testing in zebrafish larvae to determine safe and suitable doses of NAE, as well as long-term exposure trials on adult shrimp. The results of the study indicated that NAE exposure improved the antioxidant defence system by boosting SOD, CAT and NO levels and immunological response of infected shrimp, effectively reducing oxidative stress and enhancing the activity of prophenoloxidase (PPO). Furthermore, histological evaluations demonstrated a decrease in EHP spore development in the shrimp hepatopancreas, while staining analyses revealed the presence of spores in shrimp faeces. Furthermore, the potential bioactive compounds in the extract were observed using GC-MS analysis. These findings highlight the potential of NAE as a natural and effective treatment option for EHP infection in shrimp, which holds significant implications for the aquaculture sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioactive compounds from Actinomycetes have antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, and antifungal properties. The antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract of Bacillus licheniformis was determined by carrying out several assays. Preparation of a bioactive feed encapsulated with sodium alginate and chitosan was carried out for treating the bacterial infection in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. An experimental trial with three different groups was conducted to determine the effect of crude extract of B. licheniformis against pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila in freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii. The first group of prawns was given commercial diet. The second group of prawns challenged with A. hydrophila was given commercial feed. The third group of A. hydrophila challenged prawns was given the encapsulated B. licheniformis feed. The survival percentage of prawns was decreased in group 2 compared to the prawns of group 1 and group 3. The antioxidant properties were found to be significantly increased in case of group 3 prawns. Real time Reverse transcription - Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) study of three different groups with three immune genes - Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Crustin and Prophenoloxidase was carried out and antioxidant enzymatic activity, and immunological parameters were recorded. Group 1 was designated as control, injected with saline. Group 2 was designated as infected, challenged with A. hydrophila and group 3 as treated, challenged with A. hydrophila and injected with crude extract of B. licheniformis. The results revealed that the SOD and Prophenoloxidase of gills and hemolymph showed highest gene expression in the case of treated group compared to the infected and control group. The data indicated that B. licheniformis showed enhanced antioxidant activities, immune response, disease resistance, and gene expression in M. rosenbergii challenged with A. hydrophila. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The count, location, and size of shrimp larvae are important observations for their intensive breeding, which could evaluate the culture density, growth, and yield. Recent works on the counting of dense aquatic objects in an image are mainly accomplished by the density map regression based on convolutional neural network (CNN). These regression methods only give the estimated density map and the corresponding count, but cannot locate and size the objects accurately. To realize the noninvasive counting, locating, and sizing during aquatic breeding, we propose a novel detection architecture in computer vision for the larvae of Cherax quadricarinatus. In particular, a new shrimp larvae counting network (SLCNet) using the density map regression is designed to output the estimated density map of the shrimp larvae image and predict the corresponding number of the shrimp larvae. The local peak filtering (LPF) is applied to the estimated density map to locate the coordinates of every shrimp larva. We then use the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and the bounding box search to find the fitting bounding boxes of the shrimp larvae in sparse regions and calculate the body length of the shrimp larvae in the fitting bounding boxes with the aid of the least squares regression method. Compared with typical CNN-based counting models, the mean absolute error and root mean square error of the proposed SLCNet are 4.13 and 5.75, respectively, and the counting accuracy is up to 98.57%. Then, we perform the detection of the location and size of the shrimp larvae using the density map estimated by the SLCNet. The locating and sizing accuracy can reach 90.6% (i.e., F1 value) and 90.28%, respectively. It proves that this detection architecture could be used as technical support for subsequent studies on larva growth and behavior recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a fungal pathogen that causes hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) in shrimp, resulting in significant economic losses for the shrimp culture industry. Although the impact of EHP on hormonal regulation in shrimp has been seldom examined, it remains a crucial area of study. In this paper, we analyzed the transcriptomic data of the hepatopancreas of EHP-infected and uninfected shrimp to explore the effect of EHP on hormonal regulation. Our results identified 157 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 32 genes were upregulated and 125 were downregulated. Through gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses of hormone regulation-related DEGs, we identified eight genes, six of which were associated with the regulation of molting and growth, one with immunity, and one with osmotic pressure regulation. The up- and downregulated pathways were mostly related to molting and growth regulation, including EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Ten genes were selected randomly for qRT-PCR, and results confirmed the findings of transcriptome sequencing. This study provides essential insights into the molecular mechanisms through which EHP affects hormonal regulation in shrimp and serves as a basis for further research to control HPM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary consumers of microplastics are often zooplankton species such as the mysid shrimp, Americamysis bahia. Ingesting and interacting with these plastics can cause stress and lead to death. In the presence of some environmental stressors, gene expression may be altered without changing DNA sequences via the epigenetic methylation of the DNA. Mysid shrimp were exposed to 5-micrometer fluorescent polystyrene microbeads at different concentrations and different lengths of time. No significant effects were observed on mortality within 72 h, but mortality increased significantly thereafter. Microplastics were consumed by mysids and adhered to the mysid carapace and appendages. An ELISA-like (Enzyme-Linked Imuunosorbent Assay) colorimetric assay was employed to assess mysid DNA for differences in global percent methylation. No significant difference in the average percent methylated DNA nor difference in the number of methylation detections between treatments was found. This is one of few studies that has investigated DNA methylation effects due to microplastics-induced stress and the first study to detect DNA methylation in any member of the order Mysida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was validated in order to study the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in shrimp hepatopancreases and plasma, as well as its withdrawal time related to a maximum residue limit (MRL) in shrimp muscle. Pharmacokinetics parameters were investigated through oral medication at a single dose of 25 mg/kg shrimp body weight and subsequent hepatopancreas and plasma cefotaxime concentration measurements at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after shrimp were fed with medication. The maximum concentration of cefotaxime was observed after one hour in the hepatopancreas (Cmax, 19.45 ± 2.10 mg/kg) and 4 h in plasma (0.184 ± 0.061 mg/L). Based on a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefotaxime of 4.13 mg/L against Vibrio parahaemolyticus (known to cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in white leg shrimp), it was observed that the time during which the hepatopancreas cefotaxime concentration was above the MIC was 23 h. An every 24 h cefotaxime treatment could thus be effective in fighting against this bacterium in shrimp. The withdrawal time of cefotaxime was determined after shrimp were fed with medicated feed once a day and twice a day for three consecutive days. Shrimp muscle was collected on day 1 and day 3 during medication and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after medication was stopped. Considering an MRL of 50 μg/kg, the withdrawal times were 8.5 degree-days (corresponding to 6.9 h at 29.5 °C) after shrimp were fed with medicated feed once a day for 3 days and 95.5 degree-days (77.7 h at 29.5 °C) after shrimp were fed with medicated feed twice a day for 3 days. Moreover, histological analysis revealed that feeding shrimp with cefotaxime at the given dose in once- or twice-a-day treatments did not negatively impact the shrimp hepatopancreas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercetin is an important phytochemical that belongs to the flavonoid group of plant pigments. It has potential benefits as an antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory agent. However, the utilization of quercetin in aquaculture is not optimal. Hence, this study conducted a literature review to analyze the potential benefits of quercetin in aquaculture, especially for fish and prawn. Results showed that quercetin can be isolated from herbs using several methods, including sonication, maceration, and fractionation. Its amount in plants can be potentially determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Some of the plants containing high quercetin levels include shallot, garlic, apple skin, guava leaves, green tea, chia seeds, and desert rose flower. In aquaculture, quercetin can be applied to increase the ideal body weight, feed conversion ratio, and condition factor of aquatic cultured species and serves as an antioxidant, antistress, strengthening probiotic and an antiinfective agent. Latest research showed that quercetin benefits the immunity of goldfish against furunculosis. Furthermore, quercetin shows potential in prawn industry as an antioxidant protection that improves the meat quality. To date, the potential benefits of quercetin have not been widely utilized in aquaculture. The minimum utilization can be attributed to the lack of a systematic review regarding its potency either on fish or prawn. Hence, this study provides the essential review of quercetin in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments in plants, algae, fungi, insects, and crustaceans. Krill and prawns contain high levels of some value-added nutrients for the aquaculture industry, such as astaxanthin which is used as a colouring agent. In birds with ornamental plumage, such as canaries, the carotenoid-pigmented plumage and red hues are exclusively due to the diet. In this regard, our aim was to study the possibilities of using shrimp waste for feather colouring in canary Serinus canaria domestica. Shrimp Pandalus borealis dried waste was included in the feed of six female red lipochrome mosaic canaries Serinus canaria domestica for three months during their third molt. The basic diet consisted of a seed mixture (canary seed, sunflower seed without shell, linseed, and rapeseed), rearing food (Quiko®Bianco), and conditioning food (Quiko®Rusk) with the supplementation of an oil suspension of dried shrimp waste (3%). The ad libitum-fed birds had additional free access to pasta (Legazin® Procria White Morbida). To evaluate the effect of shrimp waste on feather colouring, covert feathers were taken from the tail in the region of the uropygial gland. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of the most intensely coloured parts of the feathers was measured by a spectrophotometer. The chromaticity coordinates in a CIE xyY colour space were calculated from the measured spectroscopy. The results of the experiment showed that shrimp waste increased chromaticity and had no negative effect on the canaries. On this basis, the authors assumed that dried shrimp waste could be an alternative to synthetic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Rambutan peel (RP), an agricultural by‐product from rambutan trading, contains the red pigment anthocyanin. This research explores developing a colouring agent from RP, utilising cardamom oil (CM) to enhance colour stability, improve antimicrobial functionality, and create a new high‐value red colouring agent from fruit waste. A colouring agent was produced by placing 50 g of RP inside a 1 L glass box, and varying amounts of CM (5 μL, 25 μL, 50 μL, and 100 μL) on filter paper were placed inside the box lid. The box was sealed and left closed for 8 h to allow CM vapour to release onto the surface of RP before being dried at 30 °C and ground into powder. The antibacterial impact of CM‐treated RP on Staphylococcus aureus was assessed using the nutrient broth. The CM‐treated RP powder was used as a food colouring agent in shrimp paste to evaluate the shelf life of shrimp paste during storage at 30 °C. Results revealed that treated RP with 25 μL of CM showed the best red colour appearance in the dried powder. RP with 25 μL of CM exhibited time killing against S. aureus (approximately 4 log10cfu g−1) after being added to the medium for 6 h, disrupting the cell membrane integrity of S. aureus and leading to cell lysis. RP treated with 25 μL of CM also prevented darkening in shrimp paste, maintaining higher values for L* and a*, resulting in increased lightness and a more red appearance. It also inhibited pathogenic bacteria, extending shelf life, and preserving colour stability for 14 days, compared to the control's 7 days. These insights provide valuable guidance for the sustainable utilisation of agricultural waste in the food colouring industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of a composite film made of cornstarch (CS) and chlorophyllin (Chl) in preserving wrapped and irradiated shrimp for 5 days at 4 °C. The study found that adding Chl powder increased moisture content, water solubility, water vapour permeability and water contact angle but reduced thermal stability and crystallinity. Notably, higher Chl concentration caused rougher surface and looser structure, while lower concentration resulted in better dispersion. Moreover, increased Chl concentration and longer irradiation time led to higher singlet oxygen production, while hydroxide radical and hydrogen peroxide production peaked at 30.57 and 1.92 μg g−1 respectively. Shrimps wrapped in 5% Chl‐incorporated CS films presented acceptable levels of nitrogen and bacterial count for up to 4 days. Hence, the study suggests that Chl powder inclusion in CS films could be a viable preservation method in the food packaging industry, especially when combined with photodynamic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the biology, population parameters, and ecology of the sergestid shrimp (Acetes) in Barangay Damilisan, Miagao, Iloilo, the Philippines, by collecting samples for biological analyses and analyses using FiSAT II software. Based on morphometric evaluation, the sergestid shrimps present in the study site were identified as Acetes intermedius. Mature and near-spawning of the 180 specimens examined for ovarian maturity were > 50% in January, February, and April 2022. Size at sexual maturity was recorded at lengths ranging from 21.90-23.10 mm. The highest mean TL and CL were 20.49 ± 1.84 and 5.32 ± 0.56 mm, respectively, in January 2022. The length-frequency data showed that the highest frequency was 18.50-20.40 mm. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1:2; wherein females dominated the males. The highest frequency for females ranged from 20.50-22.40 mm (TL). Estimated population parameters of A. intermedius were L∞ = 30.98 mm, K = 1.900 yr-1, Ø' =3.26 yr-1, tmax= 1.6 yr-1, M = 3.93 yr-1, F = 4.07 yr-1, Z = 8.00 yr-1, E = 0.51, E0.1 = 0.517, E0.5 = 0.349, Emax = 0.691, L50%/Lc = 13.45 mm, and L75% = 14.57 mm with a unimodal type of recruitment pattern. The value obtained for the exploitation rate was above 0.5, hence suggesting that the Acetes stocks in Brgy. Damilisan faced overexploitation. These results provide information that can be used to properly conserve, utilize, and manage the Acetes fishery industry in Miagao, Iloilo, the Philippines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]