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Diabetes is a disease of concern due to its increasing frequency and high cost of care. This cross-sectional study evaluated the types of care provided to diabetes patients in primary care for management of the condition. Between December 2010 and March 2011, 54 general practitioners (CPs) in health centres in Khouribga province were asked to complete a pretested questionnaire on their care of diabetes patients. For type 2 diabetes, 46% of the CPs would prescribe diet and lifestyle treatment alone. The practice setting influenced how treatment was managed for typel diabetes patients: 88.5% of rural doctors prescribed premixed insulin versus 58.3% of urban GPs (P = 0.02). Insulin analogues were prescribed by 20.8% of urban GPs as against 3.8% of rural GPs (P = 0.09). There are several shortcomings in the quality of care for diabetes patients. Training GPs could be a solution, especially with the lack of specialists in our country.

Objectif?: Mesurer l’incidence des bacteriemies nosocomiales (BN) dans les services a haut risque et decrire les portes d’entree, les germes et l’evolution clinique.Methodes?: Une etude longitudinale a ete menee du 1er mars au 31 mai 2005 dans six services a haut risque du CHU de Casablanca.Resultats?: Au total, 61 BN ont ete diagnostiquees, 34,4 % des patients sont decedes. L’incidence cumulee etait de 9,60 % en reanimation adulte, 2,70 % en reanimation pediatrique et 6,46 % en hemato-oncologie. Dans 5 % des cas, la bacteriemie etait reliee a la presence d’un catheter veineux central. Les germes les plus frequents etaient Staphylococcus coagulase negative (19,3 %) et Acinetobacter baumanii (13,2 %).Conclusion?: L’incidence retrouvee etait elevee et la mortalite forte, concordantes avec celles des pays en developpement. Ces resultats permettront de mettre en place un programme de prevention cible et d’evaluer l’efficacite des interventions.Prat Organ Soins. 2012;43(1):19-24

In this study the performance of an axial gradiometer sensor for magnetic induction tomography was investigated and the results of measurements to determine the precision and sensitivity of the sensor were undertaken. In the first part of the study a single gradiometer sensor was used and the noise and drift were measured for two excitation current values at a single frequency of 600 kHz. The variations of the real and imaginary received signal components with conductivity were then obtained for samples with 0-5 S m(-1). Both sets of measurements were repeated using two different forms of capacitive shielding. In the second part of the study the results of preliminary measurements obtained with a 2 x 2 planar matrix of axial gradiometers are given. The results of a simulation of a similar matrix using a commercial electromagnetic field calculation programme are also presented for comparison. For the sample utilized, the sensor output showed a linear variation with conductivity for the imaginary component of 0.033 mV S(-1) m using an excitation current of 316 mA at 600 kHz. No apparent correlation with conductivity for the real component was observed. The noise and drift of the imaginary component of the sensor output were 0.001 mV and 0.006 mV respectively, for the same excitation current. The results of the planar matrix measurements and simulations suggest that significant sensitivity is provided by using the measurement coils of the adjacent sensors. The measurement results however suggest that large improvements in the sensor noise and drift performance are required for these data to be of use.

In this paper, we show how to incorporate cubic and hexagonal anisotropies in interfacial energies in phase field models; this incorporation is achieved by including upto sixth rank tensor terms in the free energy expansion, assuming that the free energy is only a function of coarse grained composition, its gradient, curvature and aberration. We derive the number of non-zero and independent components of these tensors. Further, by demanding that the resultant interfacial energy is positive definite for inclusion of each of the tensor terms individually, we identify the constraints imposed on the independent components of these tensors. The existing results in the invariant group theory literature can be used to simplify the process of construction of some (but not all) of the higher order tensors. Finally, we derive the relevant phase field evolution equations., Comment: About 14 pages; 2 figures, to be submitted for review

Diabetes is a global health problem in full expansion, because of its increasing frequency, it frightening complications and the costs of its medical covering.In this study, we tried to make the current situation of the diabetes management in first-line public structures of the city of Casablanca.The survey of transverse observation to descriptive aiming was conducted using a pre questionnaire tested and selfadministered.It shows that 46.7 % of the questioned general practitioner judged that the quantity and the quality of average therapeutic existing in the center were insufficient to meet the needs for their diabetic patients. The weak socio-economic statute of the patients (78.8% of the cases), the lack of personnel (76.6%), the low educational level of patients (75.2%) and the problem of access to hospital (73.3%) constituted major problems of the correct diabetic medical covering. However, the majority of the doctors (98.1%) estimated to need training on diabetes management. The most required topics requested are: The control of the insulin treatment (97%), the diabetic education (91%) and the follow-up of diabetic (89%).The training of general practitioners particularly motivated and interested in diabetes could be the solution to improve the management of diabetes especially because of the lack of specialists in our country.

Introduction Le Maroc compte environ 2000 nouveaux cas du cancer du col par an et les 2/3 des cas sont diagnostiques et pris en charge a un stade avance. En raison de leur place dans le systeme de soins et de leur role d’information et d’orientation des patients, les medecins generalistes peuvent contribuer a la sensibilisation, a l’information et a la motivation des femmes vis-a-vis du depistage du cancer du col. L’objectif de notre travail etait d’evaluer les connaissances du medecin generaliste sur le cancer du col et son depistage, d’evaluer sa participation dans le depistage du cancer du col au niveau de la province de Beni Mellal. Methodes L’enquete d’observation transversale a visee descriptive a ete realisee a l’aide d’un questionnaire pre teste auto-administre. Resultats Parmi les 71 medecins interroges, 49,3 % ignoraient l’existence d’un plan national de prevention et de controle du cancer au Maroc et 54,9 % ont reconnu l’existence d’un registre du cancer au Maroc. Les pratiques envers le depistage etaient defaillantes, 74,6 % des medecins n’ont jamais beneficie (si elles sont femmes) ou leur partenaires (s’ils sont hommes) d’un frottis de depistage du cancer du col. Lors de leur pratique quotidienne 47,9 % des medecins generalistes pratiquaient un examen vaginal des femmes, 67,9 % utilisaient un speculum. La plupart des medecins demandaient souvent ou toujours a leurs patients si elles avaient fait pratiquer un frottis de depistage, 63,4 % referaient souvent ou toujours leurs patientes pour depistage. Concernant la pratique d’une inspection visuelle du col avec l’acide acetique (IVA), 8,5 % des medecins interroges avait deja fait une IVA. Le motif majeur de non pratique de l’IVA du col etait le manque de formation dans 90,1 % des cas. Tous les medecins interroges pensaient qu’un medecin generaliste doit apprendre a pratiquer le FCV mais 92,8 % ne l’avaient jamais pratique. La principale raison de non pratique du FCV etait le manque de formation selon 95,5 % des medecins generalistes. Conclusion Les resultats de notre etude soulignent la necessite de mettre en place des actions pour ameliorer les connaissances des medecins generalistes theoriques et pratiques concernant l’epidemiologie, la prevention et le depistage du cancer du col.

The contact free conductivity measurement is a noninvasive method to find electrical characteristics of tissue that can be used e.g. for monitoring. The system consists of an excitation coil and two sensing coils coupled together as a gradiometer. The excitation coil is driven by an alternating current. Due to this alternating magnetic field eddy currents are generated in the tissue that create a secondary magnetic field. Because of the geometrical arrangement, the induced voltage of the secondary field in the upper and the lower coil is different. The presented sensor can be used e.g. for detection of ischemic areas, monitoring wound healing or detection of hematoma beneath the skull. To demonstrate this sensor, two measurements are carried out to detect post mortem changes in a pig liver. The known characteristics from literature can be reproduced using a noncontact method. For this purpose frequencies between 50 kHz and 400 kHz are used. At a frequency of 350 kHz a phase shift of 0.3 degrees is observed post mortem after 2 to 4 hours corresponding to a conductivity change of approximately 0.4 S/m.

Introduction Le taux de mortalite lie au DRESS Syndrome est estime a 10 %, secondaire pour la plupart a une atteinte hepatique severe. Si la pancytopenie et certains medicaments ont ete identifies comme facteurs de mauvais pronostic, il n’existe toujours pas de marqueurs phenotypiques cliniques reconnus de gravite. Le but de ce travail est de verifier si le phenotype clinique peut etre un indicateur pronostic dans le DRESS Syndrome. Materiel et methodes Etude retrospective colligeant tous les dossiers de patients atteints de DRESS de janvier 2000 a decembre 2013. Tous les patients ont rempli les criteres diagnostiques de Bocquet. Ils etaient des cas juges possibles, probables ou certains selon le REGISCAR. Les donnees epidemiologiques, les caracteristiques cutanees et l’evaluation de la participation systemique de chaque patient ont ete enregistrees. Ces donnees ont ete saisies et analysees a l’aide du logiciel SPSS 16.0 ( p Resultats Trente-quatre patients ont ete colliges (19 hommes, 15 femmes). L’allopurinol etait la molecule la plus incriminee (29,4 %). L’eruption cutanee etait : exantheme papulo-urticarien (23 cas), erythrodermie exfoliative (8 cas), erytheme polymorphe-like (2 cas), erytheme morbiliforme (1 cas). Vingt-quatre patients ont presente une perturbation du bilan hepatique depassant le seuil de gravite REGISCAR, 3 patients une atteinte renale, 3 autres une atteinte pulmonaire et un seul cas d’atteinte musculaire. Cinq patients ont presente plus d’une atteinte viscerale. Aucun deces enregistre. Les patients ayant une eruption cutanee type exantheme papulo-urticarien presentaient une atteinte hepatique plus severe par rapport aux autres phenotypes cliniques avec un taux moyen des ASAT de 222 UI/L et des ALAT de 444 UI/L contre un taux moyen des ASAT de 153 UI/L et des ALAT de 206 UI/L des autres phenotypes cliniques mais cette difference n’etait pas statistiquement significative. Concernant les autres atteintes viscerales : parmi les 3 cas avec atteinte renale, deux avaient un exantheme papulo-urticarien et le troisieme une erythrodermie exfoliative. Les 3 cas d’atteinte pulmonaire et le seul cas d’atteinte musculaire presentaient tous un exantheme papulo-urticarien. Ces associations etaient non significatives. Discussion Notre serie de 34 cas de DRESS syndrome n’a pas demontre de correlation significative entre le phenotype clinique et le degre d’implication systemique, notamment pas d’association significative entre l’erytheme polymorphe-like et une atteinte hepatique severe, rapportee par la serie prospective avec evaluation cutanee detaillee de Walsh portant sur 27 cas. Les etudes des facteurs pronostics dans le DRESS restent peu nombreuses a ce jour. Les limites de cette etude en sont le caractere retrospectif et le nombre limite de patients. Conclusion D’autres etudes concernant une plus grande serie de patients seraient necessaires pour identifier l’existence potentielle de cette association pronostique et permettre une meilleure prise en charge.

Introduction Le catheterisme veineux central chez l’enfant est souvent indique en milieu de reanimation, la maitrise de cette procedure augmente le taux de succes et diminue le taux des complications. La methode des reperes anatomiques de surface est souvent accompagnee d’un taux significatif des incidents avec un taux variable de reussite. L’objectif de notre travail est d’evaluer l’interet de l’echographie dans la pose de catheter veineux central chez l’enfant, avec etude des parametres modifiant la duree de realisation. Methodes Nous avons mene une etude prospective descriptive ouverte etalee sur 26 mois, aupres de 100 enfants et nourrissons, âges de 15 jours a11 ans, chez qui un catheterisme veineux central a ete indique au service d’anesthesie et de reanimation des urgences chirurgicale du centre hospitalier et universitaire de Casablanca. Resultats Les veines catheterisees etaient la veine jugulaire interne chez 90 cas et la veine femorale chez 10 cas. Quatorze patients avaient un facteur de risque de survenue d’une complication ou d’echec ; tous les malades ont beneficie d’une anesthesie generale dont 29 % ont eu une anesthesie locale associee. Quatre cas des veines jugulaires internes catheterisees avaient une position anormale (anterieure ou mediale) par rapport a l’artere carotide. La moyenne de diametre de la veine jugulaire interne etait de 5,8 ± 1,54 mm. Le taux de succes global etait de 100 % avec un taux de reussite a la premiere tentative de 56 %, sans incident immediat enregistre. Le temps de realisation etait prolonge dans les situations suivantes : un cou court (p Conclusion Le taux d’echec et des complications lors d’une pose d’un catheter veineux central chez l’enfant est relativement plus important compare a l’adulte, ceci est explique par l’anatomie anormale, le petit diametre de la veine, les situations d’urgence et l’inexperience de l’operateur. Les resultats de notre etude ont demontre l’interet de l’echographie pour la pose de catheter veineux central chez l’enfant car elle permet d’augmenter le taux de succes et de reduire les complications.

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most frequent types of cancer. Despite significant improvements in the therapeutic strategies, the overall survival rate in 5 years is around 50%. The development of new therapies and their integration into the current forms of treatment (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) is of great interest to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Immunotherapy may provide an alternative for current treatment approach, since the natural immune response can be stimulated by active immunotherapeutic interventions which may help in the control of the tumor progression and recurrence. A requirement for the development of immunotherapeutic approaches is the identification of immunogenic gene products expressed predominantly in tumor cells. Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) fulfill this prerequisite as their expression is restricted to tumors with no expression in normal tissues, except germ line cells. In this study we performed a search on Oncomine, SAGE Anatomic Viewer, CTdatabase and PubMed databases to select among the 153 CTAs genes those that might be expressed in HNSCC. This in silico analysis allowed the selection of 60 CTAs genes to have their expression evaluated in 89 tumors and in 20 normal mucosa by RT-PCR. According this analysis, 13 CTAs were specificaly expressed in HNSCC samples (>25% sensitivity) The expression of CTA1 was significantely associated with perineural invasion (p=0,023) and vascular invasion (p=0,003), whereas the presence of CTA2 or CTA3 was correlated with the presence of tumor cells in the lymph nodes (p=0,023 and p=0,037, repectively). Moreover, the CTA4 expression showed to be associated with capsular rupture (p=0,005). We report here the identification of 13 CTAs frequently expressed in HNSCC and the expression of some of them was significantly associated with poor prognostic factors. These results could be important for the development of immunotherapy strategies for treating HNSCC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1142. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1142

The study of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus in embryonated eggs has been limited by the low susceptibility of embryos to this virus. Development of a technique for increasing their susceptibility to SLE virus would permit more extensive use of embryonated eggs in experimental work and in routine diagnostic procedures. The present study was undertaken to determine whether addition of a spreading factor, hyaluronidase, to SLE virus when inoculated by different routes in chick embryos would demonstrably affect the mortality of embryos or yield of virus. The chorioallantoic membrane has been used as a route of inoculation of

Pregnancy termination was obtained in both Beagle and mongrel bitches after a single s.c. or i.m. injection of 2-(3-ethoxy-phenyl)-5,6-dihydro-s-triazole[5,1-a]isoquinoline (DL 204-IT) dissolved or suspended in an oily vehicle. The activity of the compound was dependent on the dose and time of pregnancy. The optimal time of treatment was found to be day 20 of gestation, at which time the smallest effective dose was 6.25 ng/kg. Pregnancy arrest normally occurs during the first stage of embryonic development (between day 25 and 30) due to the degeneration and subsequent resorption of the products of fertilization. Pregnancy termination is never accompanied by intrauterine or placental hemorrhage. After pregnancy arrest the animals return to estrus within a normal interval of time; they exhibit normal mating behaviour and their ability to conceive is not impaired. Later, pregnancies can be interrupted again by the same treatment. After subeffective doses normal parturition occurs at the expected time and the pups do not have any external malformations. High doses given every 15 days for more than one year are well tolerated and do not inhabit either the return of estrous cycle or fertility. Studies of the mechanism of action suggest that the primary site of action is the uteroplacental complex.