Search

Antecedentes: el excesivo consumo de sodio se relaciona con enfermedades crónicas degenerativas. Mejor conocimiento poblacional debería influir sobre su menor consumo. Objetivo: comparar el conocimiento y las prácticas del uso de la sal/sodio en la alimentación de adultos de Medellín, Colombia, según el sexo. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo exploratorio transversal, realizado en 155 hombres y 167 mujeres con edades entre 18 y 50 años, de Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia; a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta sobre conocimientos y consumo de sodio. Resultados: se detectaron diferencias significativas (p

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de uma intervenção nutricional sobre a percepção do teor de sódio de produtos frequentemente consumidos por universitários. METODOLOGIA: O estudo foi realizado com estudantes que frequentavam um Restaurante Universitário, através da aplicação de três questionários. O primeiro avaliou quais os alimentos mais presentes em suas rotinas, seguido pela avaliação do nível de conhecimento destes, quanto ao teor de sal destes alimentos. Foi então realizada uma intervenção nutricional, priorizando métodos de educação nutricional, com incentivo ao aumento dos conhecimentos quanto ao teor de sódio presentes em alguns alimentos industrializados. Em seguida, aplicou-se novamente o questionário para avaliação do conhecimento do teor de sódio. Os dados foram analisados com auxílio do software Excel. RESULTADOS: O estudo teve participação de 86universitários, com idade entre 18 e 25 anos. A média geral de acertos antes da intervenção foi de 37,14% e depois da intervenção foi de 48,71%, não havendo diferença significativa (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Apesar do aumento dos conhecimentos sobre o teor de sódio não ter sido significativo, a educação nutricional é percebida como uma ação eficaz, principalmente em estudos com maior durabilidade e metodologias de contato direto com o público alvo, sendo esta, uma boa forma de transmitir informações e orientações.

La disnatremia (hiponatremia e hipernatremia) es frecuente en los pacientes que se encuentran en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y puede aparecer durante su estadía. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar y discutir el caso clínico de un paciente adulto quien posterior a un accidente de tránsito es llevado a UCI, con hipernatremia persistente secundaria al tratamiento farmacológico y nutricional. El caso se trata de un paciente masculino de 36 años de edad quien es ingresado a la UCI posterior a presentar traumatismo craneoencefálico. Durante su estadía presenta trastornos hidroelectrolíticos, entre ellos hipernatremia persistente. Desde el momento de su ingreso se inicia hidratación con solución hipertónica, soporte nutricional parenteral y enteral. Tras 11 días en UCI con hipernatremia el grupo realiza una reunión con sus tratantes decidiendo hacer uso de un nuevo esquema de nutrición y utilizar agua libre de sodio. Luego de los cambios comenzó la mejoría del paciente y las cifras de sodio disminuyeron. La hipernatremia está asociada a un mal pronóstico; es más frecuente que aparezca en los pacientes durante su estadía en UCI debido al contenido de sodio en infusiones intravenosas, soluciones hipertónicas, el uso de diuréticos e hidrocortisona que pueden desencadenar hipernatremia iatrogénica. La hipernatremia es una condición que puede ser prevenida y tratada rápidamente en los pacientes críticos, a través de un trabajo multidisciplinario, para minimizar el tiempo de estadía en UCI y en el centro hospitalario, reduciendo así los costes de tratamiento y una curación más rápida del paciente.

Introduction: The sodium gradient during hemodialysis sessions is one of the key factors in sodium balance in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease; however, until the appearance of the new monitors with sodium modules, the differences between prescribed and measured sodium have been understudied. The present study aimed to compare the impact on the measured conductivity and the initial and final plasma sodium after changing the 5008 Cordiax to the new 6008 Cordiax monitor., Material and Methods: 106 patients on hemodialysis were included. Each patient underwent 2 dialysis sessions in which only the monitor was varied. The variables collected were dialysate, sodium and bicarbonate prescribed, real conductivity, initial and final plasma sodium measured, and the calculated sodium gradient (ΔPNa)., Results: The change of dialysis monitor showed small but statistically significant differences in the initial (138.14mmol/L with 5008 vs. 138.81mmol/L with 6008) and final plasma sodium (139.58mmol/L vs. 140.97mmol/L), as well as in the actual conductivity obtained (13.97 vs. 14.1mS/cm). The ΔPNa also increased significantly., Conclusion: The change from 5008 to 6008 monitor is associated with increased conductivity, leading the patient to end the sessions with higher plasma sodium and ΔPNa. Knowing and confirming this change will allow us to individualize the sodium prescription and avoid possible undesirable effects. It could be the preliminary study to explore the new sodium biosensor incorporated into the new generation of monitors., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Objetivo avaliar a oferta de proteína e sódio dos pratos proteicos escolhidos na refeição almoço em uma de Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN). Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo com comensais em um restaurante de uma UAN do município de São Paulo - SP. A refeição almoço desta unidade oferece diariamente dois pratos proteicos. O cálculo do número de porções dos dois pratos e de sua quantidade em gramas foi obtido pela média das escolhas dos pratos. Foram calculados a quantidade de proteínas, seu valor calórico e a quantidade de sódio, proporcionados pelos pratos proteicos escolhidos. Os resultados foram comparados com os valores recomendados pelo Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador (PAT). Resultados: Os clientes se serviram em média com 1,12 porção do alimento preparado na UAN e com 1,51 de processados. A porção média escolhida do prato proteico foi de 295,53 g variando entre 146,00 e 462,70 g. A quantidade em gramas de proteína variou entre 37,51 g e 111,23 g e a de sódio entre 803,68 mg e 2188,10 mg. Conclusão: Nos dias analisados na UAN, o porcionamento dos pratos proteicos excedeu às recomendações, e a quantidade média de proteínas e de sódio das escolhas proteicas na refeição almoço ultrapassa o valor máximo recomendado pelo PAT, indicando que a livre demanda pode ser fator de risco para escolhas saudáveis.

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the effects of intravenous infusion of fluids and sodium on the first day of admission on infusion of enteral nutrition in the first 5 days in intensive care patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted with critical nonsurgical patients admitted for at least 5 days who were on mechanical ventilation and receiving enteral nutrition. The amount of intravenous fluids and sodium infused on the first day and the volume of enteral nutrition infused in the first 5 days were investigated. The volume of intravenous fluids > 35mL/kg or = 35mL/kg of body weight and sodium (above or below the 25th percentile) infused on the first day was compared with infused enteral nutrition. Results: A total of 86 patients were studied, with a mean (± standard deviation) of 65 ± 17 years, of which 54.7% were female. On the first day, 3,393.7 ± 1,417.0mL of fluid (48.2 ± 23.0mL/kg) and 12.2 ± 5.1g of sodium were administered. Fifty-eight (67.4%) patients received more than 35mL/kg of fluids. In 5 days, 67 ± 19.8% (2,993.8 ± 1,324.4mL) of the prescribed enteral nutrition was received. Patients who received > 35mL/kg of intravenous fluids also received less enteral nutrition in 5 days (2,781.4 ± 1,337.9 versus 3,433.6 ± 1,202.2mL; p = 0.03) versus those who received = 35mL/kg. Patients with intravenous sodium infusion above the 25th percentile (= 8.73g) on the first day received less enteral nutrition volume in 5 days (2,827.2 ± 1,398.0 versus 3,509.3 ± 911.9mL; p = 0.02). Conclusion: The results of this study support the assumption that the administration of intravenous fluids > 35mL/kg and sodium = 8.73g on the first day of hospitalization may contribute to the lower infusion of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nowadays, the seeking for a healthier lifestyle is patent. As a result, people in general tend to search for food which combine health and convenience, such as cereal bars. Due to the increasing consumption of this industrialized food, it is essential that consumers read the nutrition facts written in its package labels in order to be aware of what he/she is really ingesting. Besides the knowledge that it is industrialized food which is sold in the types conventional, light and diet, it is important that consumers read the labels as a significant tool for health promotion as these kinds of food may contain sweeteners with sodium in its constitution. As the systemic arterial hypertension is currently the more prevalent pathology in Brazil, the mineral chosen in the present study, was Sodium. Objective: following objective: contrasting the amount of sodium in cereal bars concerning the types conventional, light and diet, based on their labels. Materials and Methods: The method used among the descriptive ones was the observational, and the collection of data is cross-sectional. It was analysed 19 cereal bar brands, totalizing 125 flavors. Results: Statistically speaking, there was not difference regarding the amount of sodium among the cereal bars analysed. Conclusion: However, it is important to note that persons with hypertension may also have diabetes, thus consuming diet food. Therefore, they have to read the labels of such products so that they may have the effective glycemic and blood pressure control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction: one of the changes in diet is related to its content of sodium (Na) and potassium (K). Greater use of condiments and processed foods contributes to these changes and the Na/K ratio can be used as a marker of this consumption. Objective: to evaluate the association between Na/K ratio and consumption of industrialized condiments and ultra-processed foods. Methods: a sample of 150 adults underwent an anthropometric examination and answered the questionnaire on life habits, diet and health. Consumption of Na, K and salt was estimated by urinary excretion of 24 hours. Ultraprocessed consumption was estimated by 24-hour food registration. Na/K ratio divided into tertiles. Associations between ultraprocessed foods, use of industrialized condiments and Na/K ratio were tested. p < 0.05 was adopted. Results: the highest proportion was female (65%) and with a higher educational level (77%). Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was observed in men, in those with higher schooling and in non-whites. Those who reported a frequent consumption of industrialized condiments showed a mean sodium of 4.1 ± 1.4 g/day (p = 0.03) and salt of 10.5 ± 3.6 g/day (p = 0.03). Among those who reported frequent use of industrialized condiments, a higher Na/K ratio was found and a lower ratio was observed among those with lower consumption of ultraprocessed foods. Hypertensive and those with salt intake above the recommended one presented higher Na/K ratio. Conclusion: frequent consumption of industrialized condiments is associated with higher salt excretion and Na/K ratio and higher consumption of ultraprocessed products increases Na/K ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the supply of protein and sodium from protein dishes chosen at lunch time in a food service. Methodology: a descriptive observational study was carried out with diners at a restaurant of a food service in São Paulo-SP. The lunch meal from this unit offers daily two protein dishes and their quantity in grams was obtained by averaging the choices of dishes. The amount of protein, its caloric value and the amount of sodium provided by the dishes were calculated. The results were compared with the values recommended by the worker's food program. Results: Natural dish average was 1.12 portions and processed food was 1.51. The average portion chosen of the protein dish was 295.53 g, ranging from 146.00 to 462.70 g. The protein quantity in grams ranged between 37.51 g and 111.23 g and the sodium amount, between 803.68 mg and 2188.10 mg. Conclusion: During the days of analysis, the portioning of the protein dishes exceeded the recommendations. The average amount of protein and sodium from the lunch meal choices exceeds the maximum value recommended by the worker´s food program, indicating that the free demand can be a risk factor for healthy choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO: Objetivo: Validar as fórmulas de Tanaka e Kawasaki para cálculo do consumo de sal pela relação sódio/creatinina na urina casual. Métodos: Foram estudados 272 adultos (20 - 69 anos, 52,6% de mulheres) com coleta urinária de 24 h e duas coletas casuais no mesmo dia (em jejum - casual 1 - e fora do jejum - casual 2). Antropometria, pressão arterial e coleta de sangue foram obtidos no mesmo dia. A concordância entre o consumo de sal estimado pela urina de 24 h e pela urina casual foi feita por Pearson (r) e Bland & Altman. Resultados: O consumo médio de sal medido pela urina de 24 h foi de 10,4 ± 5,3 g/dia. A correlação entre a excreção de sódio na urina de 24 h e a estimada pela urina casual 1 ou 2, respectivamente, foi apenas moderada, tanto por Tanaka (r = 0,51 e r = 0,55; p < 0,001) como por Kawasaki (r = 0,52 e r = 0,54; p < 0,001). Observa-se subestimação crescente dos valores estimados em relação ao medido com o aumento do consumo de sal pela fórmula de Tanaka e, ao contrário, superestimação ao usar a fórmula de Kawasaki. As fórmulas estimam adequadamente o consumo diário de sal (diferença entre sal medido e estimado de, no máximo, 1 g/dia) somente com consumo entre 9 - 12 g/dia (Tanaka) e 12 - 18 g/dia (Kawasaki). Conclusão: A coleta de urina casual estima adequadamente o consumo de sal apenas nos indivíduos próximos à média populacional.

El presente artículo expone la adecuación de dos métodos de análisis por espectroscopía de absorción atómica para la cuantificación de sodio y potasio en sales de rehidratación oral, partiendo de metodologías de la USP y AOAC, para un laboratorio farmacéutico en Costa Rica. Primero se indagó en métodos oficiales aplicables a la determinación de sodio y potasio. A partir de estas, se plantearon pruebas que permitieron adecuar el rango de concentraciones de trabajo para espectroscopía de absorción atómica; se obtuvo que para el sodio el intervalo es adecuado entre 0,5 y 1,0 μg/ml y para el potasio entre 0,5 - 1,5 μg/ml. En una segunda etapa se planteó la preparación de la muestra considerando dos formas, reconstituyendo el contenido total de la presentación del medicamento y mediante la dilución de una masa conocida de muestra, para determinar cuál procedimiento era más efectivo; la reconstitución resultó lo más adecuado. Además, se completó la validación de ambos métodos contemplando los parámetros: intervalo, linealidad, exactitud, repetibilidad y precisión intermedia, y se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios según lo establecido por la guía del Ministerio de Salud. Por último se sometieron a análisis de sodio y potasio, tres lotes del producto en cuestión con los métodos validados, y se obtuvieron resultados muy favorables dentro de la especificación USP (90-110%).

ABSTRACT Introduction: Excessive salt intake is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: To evaluate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and sodium excretion in urine samples of Brazilians of African ancestry. Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based study of 1,211 Brazilians of African ancestry living in Alcântara City, Maranhão, Brazil. Demographic, nutritional, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed. The urinary excretion of sodium was estimated using the Kawasaki equation. Calculations of eGFR were based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Multivariate linear-regression model was used to identify the relationship between sodium excretion and eGFR. Results: Mean age was 37.5±11.7 years and 52.8% were women. Mean urinary excretion of sodium was 204.6±15.3 mmol/day and eGFR was 111.8±15.3 mL/min/1.73m2. According to multivariate linear regression, GFR was independently correlated with sodium excretion (β=0.11; p

La sindrome metabolica è un fattore di rischio per nefrolitiasi. Questo studio è stato effettuato per valutare il profilo clinico e biochimico di pazienti con nefrolitiasi recidivante da ossalato di calcio e sindrome metabolica. Sono stati arruolati un totale di 526 calcolotici, 184 dei quali con sindrome metabolica, e 214 controlli. I calcolotici con sindrome metabolica hanno mostrato un'escrezione di sodio superiore [media (95% intervallo di confidenza), 196 (176-218) vs 160 (150-168) mmol/24h; p

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of two intravenous maintenance fluids on plasma sodium (Na), and acid-base balance in pediatric intensive care patients during the first 24 h of hospitalization. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study was performed, which allocated 233 patients to groups: (A) NaCl 0.9% or (B) NaCl 0.45%. Patients were aged 1 day to 18 years, had normal electrolyte concentrations, and suffered an acute insult (medical/surgical). Main outcome measured: change in plasma sodium. Parametric tests: t-tests, ANOVA, X 2 statistical significance level was set at a = 0.05. RESULTS: Group A (n = 130): serum Na increased by 2.91 (±3.9) mmol/L at 24 h (p < 0.01); 2% patients had Na higher than 150 mmol/L. Mean urinary Na: 106.6 (±56.8) mmol/L. No change in pH at 0 and 24 h. Group B (n = 103): serum Na did not display statistically significant changes. Fifteen percent of the patients had Na < 135 mmol/L at 24 h. The two fluids had different effects on respiratory and post-operative situations. CONCLUSIONS: The use of saline 0.9% was associated with a lower incidence of electrolyte disturbances.

Para manter o organismo humano funcionando de modo adequado, estima-se que o consumo de sódio deve estar em torno de 200-500 mg por dia. Porém, se consumido em excesso, o sódio causa um aumento da pressão arterial, elevando o risco de ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares. Vários países, seguindo orientações estabelecidas pela WHO, têm tomado iniciativas no sentido de diminuir o consumo de alimentos que contenham elevada concentração de sódio. No Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde firmou o Termo de Compromisso no 004/2011 com entidades representantes da indústria alimentícia, visando estabelecer metas nacionais para redução do teor de sódio em diversos produtos, inclusive pães do tipo bisnaguinha. Devido à falta de estudos que determinem a concentração de sódio em pães tipo bisnaguinha, esse elemento foi quantificado em quatro marcas (A, B, C e D) deste tipo de pão, através da fotometria de chama. As concentrações de sódio encontradas em mg 100g-1 de produto, foram as seguintes: A - 302,90; B – 419,60; C – 430,80; D – 308,22. As concentrações de sódio de todas as marcas apresentaram-se abaixo do declarado nos rótulos dos produtos e de acordo com o estabelecido no Termo de Compromisso firmado para o ano de 2014 (430 mg 100g-1 de produto). ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For the human body to work properly, it is estimated that 200-500 mg of sodium should be consumed per day. However, if consumed in excess, sodium causes an increase in blood pressure, which in turn increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Following guidelines established by the WHO, initiatives have been taken by several countries to reduce the consumption of foods containing high sodium concentrations. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health signed the Term of Commitment 004/2011 with entities representatives of the food industry to establish national targets for reducing the sodium content (mg/100 g) in various products, including bisnaguinha, a type of bread. Owing to the lack of studies about quantifying the concentration of sodium in bisnaguinha, this element was quantified in four brands (A, B, C, and D) of bisnaguinha by flame photometry. The concentrations of sodium found in mg/100 g of the product were as follows: A, 302.90; B, 419.60; C, 430.80; D, 308.22. The concentrations of sodium in all brands were below those declared on the product labels and in accordance with the Terms of Compromise established for the year 2014 (430 mg/100 g of the product).

Objetivo: Analisar o monitoramento do teor de sódio em alimentos industrializados coordenado pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e comparar os resultados com as metas de redução de sódio dos acordos voluntários assinados entre o governo brasileiro e representantes das indústrias de alimentos. Método: Utilizaram-se os dados dos quatro informes técnicos sobre o teor de sódio em alimentos processados publicados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, entre 2010 e 2014. Os informes técnicos foram caracterizados segundo ano de coleta dos dados, Estado, método de análise e número de amostras coletadas por categoria de alimento. Foram descritos os teores de sódio das categorias monitoradas pelo menos duas vezes e comparados com as metas voluntárias estabelecidas. Resultados e Discussão: Do total de categorias de alimentos monitoradas, apenas 39,6% foram avaliadas ao menos duas vezes. Entre as 34 categorias incluídas nos acordos voluntários, 53% foram monitoradas pelo menos uma vez. Mesmo antes do prazo, sete categorias de alimentos possuíam valor médio de teor de sódio abaixo das metas. Verificou-se falta de padronização e pequena abrangência do monitoramento do teor de sódio em alimentos e, consequentemente, dos acordos voluntários. Conclusão: Constataram-se fragilidades no monitoramento do teor de sódio em alimentos industrializados no Brasil, que poderão comprometer a efetividade dessa estratégia regulatória na saúde. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Objective: To analyze the monitoring of sodium content in processed foods conducted by the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA) and to compare the results with the goals of sodium reduction of the voluntary agreements signed between the Brazilian government and representatives of the food industry. Methods: We used data from 4 technical reports (TR) on sodium content in processed foods by ANVISA published between 2010 and 2014. We characterized the TR according to the year of data collection, state, method of analysis, and number of samples collected by food category. We described the sodium content of the categories that were monitored at least twice and compared the results with the voluntary goals. Results and Discussion: Of the monitored categories of food, only 39.6% were assessed at least twice. Among the 34 categories included in voluntary agreements, 53% were monitored at least once. Even before the voluntary agreement, 7 food categories had mean sodium content below the targets. We observed that there was a lack of standardization and that the scope of the monitoring of sodium content in foods, and consequently of the voluntary agreements, was limited. Conclusions: Several weaknesses in the monitoring of sodium content in foods in Brazil were detected, which could compromise the effectiveness of the regulatory strategy on health.

Background: Studies have shown sodium restriction to have a beneficial effect on blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive patients. Objective: To evaluate the impact of light salt substitution for regular salt on BP of hypertensive patients. Methods: Uncontrolled hypertensive patients of both sexes, 20 to 65 years-old, on stable doses of antihypertensive drugs were randomized into Intervention Group (IG - receiving light salt) and Control Group (CG - receiving regular salt). Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were analyzed by using casual BP measurements and Home Blood Pressure Monitoring (HBPM), and sodium and potassium excretion was assessed on 24-hour urine samples. The patients received 3 g of salt for daily consumption for 4 weeks. Results: The study evaluated 35 patients (65.7% women), 19 allocated to the IG and 16 to the CG. The mean age was 55.5 ± 7.4 years. Most participants had completed the Brazilian middle school (up to the 8th grade; n = 28; 80.0%), had a family income of up to US$ 600 (n = 17; 48.6%) and practiced regular physical activity (n = 19; 54.3%). Two patients (5.7%) were smokers and 40.0% consumed alcohol regularly (n = 14). The IG showed a significant reduction in both SBP and DBP on the casual measurements and HBPM (p < 0.05) and in sodium excretion (p = 0.016). The CG showed a significant reduction only in casual SBP (p = 0.032). Conclusions: The light salt substitution for regular salt significantly reduced BP of hypertensive patients.

La ingesta excesiva de sodio es una característica de nuestra alimentación, es un factor de riesgo de hipertensión arterial y de muerte por complicaciones cardiovasculares. Los alimentos procesados aportan el mayor contenido de sodio en la dieta y su cantidad aparece en las etiquetas de los envases. Este estudio fue diseñado para conocer si los consumidores leen y entienden la información relacionada con el contenido de sodio anotado en las etiquetas, si tienen conocimiento de la relación sodio-sal, de la cantidad máxima de sal reco-mendada para el consumo diario y si obtienen información relacionada en la consulta médica. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo transversal de los resultados de una encuesta realizada a adultos mayores de 19 años en la sala de espera de las consultas de Medicina Interna Adulto y Pediatra en Clínica Las Condes en el período 2012. Resultados: 308 (89,2%) de un total de 345 encuestas fueron respondidas correctamente. 93,8% de las mujeres y 80,0% de los hombres (p

El área de influencia agropecuaria del delta del río Sinú (Córdoba, Colombia) tiene alto riesgo de salinización, condición química que disminuye la actividad productiva agrícola en esta región. El objetivo del trabajo fue estimar la clase, la magnitud y la distribución espacial de suelos salinos en los últimos 22 km de la desembocadura del río, en periodos secos y lluviosos. Para ello, se subdividió la zona de estudio en cuatro localidades, donde se colectaron muestras de suelos, hasta 50cm de profundidad, en 39 puntos, durante los años 2002-2007. En las muestras colectadas, se evaluó la conductividad eléctrica (CE), Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3 y SO4. La información fue procesada en el programa ArcGis v. 9.3, para interpolar la Distancia Inversa Ponderada y estimar el área y la distribución espacial de los suelos salinos. Además, los datos de CE y de los iones en periodos secos y lluviosos, para las diferentes profundidades, fueron sometidos a análisis de correlación simple (Pearson) y pruebas de separación de medias Tukey (5%). Los resultados indicaron que en el periodo seco, se acentúan los problemas de salinidad y, la distribución espacial de suelos salinos, se concentra, principalmente, en la localidad 3 y en los primeros 20cm de profundidad. Los iones Cl, Na y Mg presentaron correlaciones positivas y altamente significativas, con r de 0,68** y 0,93** para las diferentes profundidades en el periodo seco; en el periodo lluvioso, la concentración de Na y Mg disminuyó, en tanto que, la concentración de los iones Cl, Ca y SO4, aumentó.

Objectives: To describe changes in body water, lean body mass, fatty content, creatinine and urea clearance and dietary habits of healthy persons in Lima. Methods: Persons of both sexes between 20 and 80 years with normal body mass index, self-sufficient, with satisfactory quality of life and without chronic renal disease were included in the study. Electric bio impedance was used to get body structural data. Renal function was measured with creatinine clearance, serum creatinine and urea. Dietary features were inferred from urea, sodium and potassium measurements from a urine sample. Results: A statistical significant difference in sexes was found for body water, fatty content, lean body mass, creatinine (in serum and urine) and urea. Lean body mass was directly correlated with body water (r=0.81; p=0.000 in males and r=0.465; p=0.000 in females) and inversely correlated with fatty content. The multivariate lineal regression analysis only found correlation of lean body mass, fatty content and body water with age, but changes in these variables differed between males and females. Serum urea and creatinine did not change with age, but the clearance of both of them did it. Urea clearance showed linear correlation in males but cubic in females. A negative correlation between age and protein intake was observed (r=-0.594; p=0.006), sodium salt (r=-0.451; p=0.021) and with potassium in females. Conclusions: Body structure, glomerular filtration and dietary habits change with age in our healthy population but with differences by sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pilot plant scale tests, were carried out with the objective of proposing a technological alternative to obtain a nickel hydroxide solution, which can be used for rechargeable batteries production. Chemical precipitation was developed using nickel sulphate solution in either batch or intermittent process. Nickel sulphate solution contains cobalt and manganese. Ammonium and sodium hydroxides, controlling temperature, pH, reaction time, reagent concentrations and sodium hydroxide flow conditions, were used too. The main technical process indicators were determined: raw material and bulk consumption indices, as well as metals and washing precipitation efficiencies. Nickel hydroxide resulting solution was chemically characterized, obtaining average nickel and sodium contents, equal to 53, 8 % and 2, 5 %, respectively. Nickel and cobalt average precipitation efficiency was equal to 99,8 %, while for manganese it was 94,9 %. The washing process just guaranteed the 74 % reduction of sodium contained in the hydroxide obtained reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI is the property of Revista Brasileira de Agricultura Irrigada - RBAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Heart diseases lead Cuban health statistics as one of the main causes of death with predominance of ischemic heart disease. Traditionally, in Cuba the plasma electrolyte concentrations is determined by standardized ions and blood gases analysis. But there are other methods such as electric bioimpedance which measures the total amount of main ions of organic liquids, and provides more real information about the concentrations of these electrolytes in the human body. Objective: To determine the values of total exchangeable body sodium and potassium electrolytes by bioelectrical impedance before and on the seventh day of surgery, and compare them with a reference population. Method: A longitudinal and prospective study was carried out with 42 patients aged 40 and over with ischemic heart disease, from both sexes, treated with coronary artery bypass grafting without extracorporeal circulation at the "Centro Territorial de Cirugía Cardiovascular de Santiago de Cuba" in the first four months of 2015. Bioimpedance measurements were made at 50 kHz, using the right-sided tetrapolar method. The parameters were studied according to sex, age groups and electrolyte values. Results: A decrease in interchangeable sodium (2984.98±426.3 vs. 3349.7±805.0 mmol) and potassium (3076.75±265.06 vs. 3251.3±593.85 mmol) was found before surgery. In the postoperative period, the values obtained for exchangeable sodium (3097.5±447.29 mmol, p <0.05) were statistically significant. Conclusions: Before and after surgery, the electrolytes studied showed values below the standards, although this variation was not always significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Technology is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La hiponatremia es uno de los efectos adversos en los pacientes tratados con oxcarbazepina. Se puede ver enmascarada por múltiples síntomas, atribuibles a otras enfermedades, pero siempre debemos tenerla en mente en un paciente con antecedente de ingesta de dicho medicamento. Muchos de los pacientes son asintomáticos; cifras inferiores a 120 mmol/L ponen de manifiesto síntomas de severidad, como los presentados en el paciente con esclerosis múltiple que mostraremos a continuación. La habilidad diagnóstica del clínico, por tanto, juega un rol fundamental. Debido a esto, se expone un caso en el que una mujer tratada con oxcarbacepina, para una de las formas clínicas de esclerosis múltiple, llega a urgencias con manifestaciones de este trastorno electrolítico. Por esto se escoge el caso clínico atendido por los autores directamente. Se concluye que no es infrecuente esta reacción adversa y que hay que tenerla en cuenta a la hora de los diagnósticos diferenciales.

O estudo objetivou quantificar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial e avaliar a ingestão de sódio em uma unidade de alimentação e nutrição (UAN) de Sergipe. A avaliação da prevalência de hipertensão deu-se por questionário auto avaliativo contendo questões sobre hipertensão arterial e histórico familiar para a doença, peso e estatura. Para caracterização do estado nutricional foi calculado o índice de massa corporal. Para avaliação da ingestão de sódio monitorou-se, durante 5 dias, no período do almoço, o sal utilizado na elaboração das preparações, o sal dos saleiros e o sódio intrínseco dos alimentos. Esses três valores foram somados e divididos pela quantidade média de funcionários que almoçaram na UAN durante os dias de avaliação. Descontou-se o sal das preparações do resto e sobras para não superestimar a ingestão de sódio real. A maioria da população estudada constituiu-se de homens adultos e com excesso de peso. A prevalência de hipertensão foi de 12,1%, sendo que destes 90,4% apresentaram sobrepeso. A ingestão média foi de 2311mg de sódio, superando as recomendações do Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador e da Organização Mundial de Saúde, sendo que os pratos proteicos foram os que mais influenciaram nesta ingestão elevada. Há uma inadequação do ponto de vista nutricional e essa população deve ser alvo de estratégias com foco na promoção da saúde, principalmente, devido ao seu ritmo de trabalho intenso.

La determinación de los minerales presentes en el fréjol resulta de gran importancia para evaluar su valor nutricional; por lo cual, se determinó calcio, hierro, sodio y potasio, mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica de llama. Se llevó a cabo un muestreo aleatorio en cinco lugares diferentes de la ciudad de Quito, que incluyeron supermercados y mercados populares. Los resultados experimentales para las cinco variedades de fréjol que incluyen: canario, bayo, blanco, rojo y negro; varían de acuerdo con los siguientes rangos: 11,70-12,60 % corresponde al contenido de humedad; 69,94-122,89 mg/100 g corresponde a la concentración de calcio; 4,61-5,34 mg/100 g de hierro; 8,36-12,77 mg/100 g de sodio y 1192,62-1239,13 mg/100 g de potasio. El fréjol blanco presentó el mayor contenido de humedad, mientras que, el fréjol negro fue la variedad con mayor concentración de minerales. Mediante la prueba t, se determinó que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los resultados experimentales y los datos proporcionados por la Tabla de Composición de los Alimentos Ecuatorianos, por lo cual, es necesaria su actualización. Además, los parámetros analizados en las distintas variedades difieren estadísticamente entre sí, y al mismo tiempo, dentro de la misma variedad, se encuentran diferencias significativas entre las cinco muestras tomadas, demostrando que la variedad y la muestra son factores que afectan los valores nutricionales del fréjol.