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Nanozyme, a kind of nanomaterials with enzymatic activity, has been developing vigorously over the past years owing to its advantages such as low-cost, easy storage, ease of use in harsh environments and so on, compared with natural enzymes. At present, as a typical two-dimensional nanomaterial, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and their hybrids with unexpected enzyme-like activities have caused wide attention. In this review, we mainly investigated the enzyme-like activities of MoS2 based nanomaterials, including peroxidase-like activity, catalase-like activity and superoxide dismutase-like activity. Furthermore, we systematically introduce recent research progress of MoS2 based nanomaterials in the fields of biological applications such as radiation protection, cancer therapy, antibacterial, and wound healing. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives of MoS2 based nanomaterials in the future are also discussed and proposed. We expect this review may be significant to understand the properties of MoS2 based nanomaterials and the development of two-dimensional nanomaterials with enzyme mimicking activities.

Fostering managers' knowledge sharing is very important in the utilization and leverage of organizational knowledge. In this study, we used social cognitive reinforcement theory, which is derived from social learning theory, to examine how the employee–organization relationship (EOR) influences managers' knowledge-sharing behavior. We surveyed 550 frontline managers from 19 Chinese companies regarding the 2 components of EOR (expected contributions and offered inducements) and knowledge sharing. The results showed that expected contributions positively influenced knowledge sharing, and that offered inducements reinforced the relationship between the employee and the organization. Thus, compared to other approaches, a mutual investment approach, in which employers expect high levels of employee contributions and offer extensive inducements, will foster a higher level of knowledge sharing. Implications for future research are discussed.

A simple quinoline derivative (quinoline-base sensor) was synthesized and investigated by its sensing properties towards various metal ions in CH 3 CN. Quinoline-base sensor showed a highly selective fluorescent enhancement towards Mg 2+ . The association constant of a 1:1 complex between quinoline-base sensor and Mg 2+ was determined as 1.91×10 7 M −1 . The detection limit of quinoline-base sensor for the analysis of Mg 2+ ion was determined as 19.1 ppb; this value is below the maximum permissible level for drinking water.

A stable water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion was prepared using polymeric additive as emulsifier instead of surfactant Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate) and kerosene as the organic membrane phase. The rubber emulsifiers were prepared using polybutadiene–styrene rubber (PBSR) or polybutadiene rubber (PBR) as the polymeric additive in this work. It was found that the rubber emulsifier acted like a surfactant in the emulsification process. The factors of influence of the W/O emulsion stability were investigated. The emulsion stability and mass transfer efficiency were assessed by measuring the concentration of nicotine in the internal strip and the external feed phase, respectively. The rheological behavior of W/O emulsion prepared with the rubber emulsifiers was also compared with that of W/O emulsion prepared with Span 80. It showed that the W/O emulsions prepared with the rubber emulsifiers were non-Newtonian when it dispersed in a continuous aqueous solution at low stirring speed. Applying the W/O emulsion for extraction of nicotine from real tobacco samples was carried out through dispersing it in the tobacco nicotine extractant aqueous solution. The results showed that nicotine was almost transferred from the feed to strip phase in 2 min and the efficiency of nicotine mass transfer was exceeded 99%.

In this study, we develop a rapid detection system to assess the heart valve function. This system uses a sphygmomanometer combined with temperature and pulse sensing system. By this system, the initial diagnosis can be carried out quickly. This system uses Labview as development environment to design the human-machine interface. By pressurization and pressure relief on arm, the temperature of Peripheral-limb will change. Finally, basing on the test results to analyze the temperature curve, it shows that there is approximately 3°C to 4.5°C temperature difference.

In this paper, we define the portfolio return as fuzzy average yield and risk as hybrid-entropy and variance to deal with the portfolio selection problem with both random uncertainty and fuzzy uncertainty, and propose a mean-variance hybrid-entropy model (MVHEM). A multi-objective genetic algorithm named Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is introduced to solve the model. We make empirical comparisons by using the data from the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges in China. The results show that the MVHEM generally performs better than the traditional portfolio selection models.

An experimental study on the extraction of DL-anabasine from Alangium platanifolium root (APR) using an emulsion liquid membranes system (ELMs) has been reported. The ELMs was assembled using a butadiene styrene rubber emulsifier to prepare the emulsion, instead of surfactant Span 80, and acetic acid and kerosene as the carrier and diluent solution, respectively. The extraction time, pH, and volume ratio of the styrene rubber emulsifier in the membrane phase were examined, and the optimum reaction condition was determined. Under such a condition, an appropriate pH gradient in the feed and in the strip aqueous phase was set up. The selective separation of DL-anabasine from a matrix of raw APR or processed APR demonstrated that facilitated transport was achieved in the ELMs. A dynamic extraction of DL-anabasine provided a reasonable fit for the amount extracted versus time in the ELMs, which is based on mass transfer across the aqueous boundary layer, interfacial chemical reaction, and diffusion in the emulsion globule. Comparisons of the amount of DL-anabasine extracted from raw APR and from processed APR between the liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and ELM extraction were performed for both qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis using GC/MS. The results showed that the relationship between the extraction amount of DL-anabasine and the extraction time is a bell-shaped curve, as the extraction amount of DL-anabasine reached its maximum at 2 min, and the amount then decreased with either increasing or decreasing extraction time. The amount of DL-anabasine extracted using ELMs is three times greater than that extracted using LLE.

Hydrogen sulfide (H

Information technology which represented by the Internet obtained the swift and violent development, not only to the global economic, political, and cultural life, has brought strong impact, but also for in rapid growth, the world outlook and outlook on life has not really formed by college students, a large number of network information have also been widely affects their ideology, values, ways of thinking, and all aspects of daily life, to the traditional ideological and political education has brought intense impact. How to access into the information technology and the ideological and political education, to explore more effective methods of ideological and political education, the ideological and political education will be facing a major issue.

The objective of this paper was to use electrospun nanofibers as the adsorbents in solid phase extraction (SPE) to improve the extraction efficiency. The electrospun nanofibers were prepared in a lab using polystyrene (PS) along with the polymeric additives poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and co-poly(melamine–urea–formaldehyde) (MUF), and were put into a tip to form a SPE system. The polymeric additives could provide the nanofibers with more adsorption sites due to their chemically reactive hydroxyl groups, leading to a better adsorption rate during extraction. We used the nanofiber SPE system to extract nicotine from cigarette mainstream smoke. Isothermal adsorption and elution experiments showed that nicotine adsorption and organic solvent elution were good, and we achieved a high extraction efficiency. We also used the system to quantify the nicotine content of mainstream smoke. The results showed a correlation between cigarette price and nicotine content: the higher the price of a cigarette, the higher the nicotine content of its mainstream smoke.

Reliability and product process quality are essential in meeting market demand and enhancing competitiveness in the machine tool industry. In addition, manufacturing time performance is also one of the important indices. Therefore, this paper focuses on process quality and manufacturing time and defines a manufacturing time performance index to feedback the acceptance rate of the manufacturing time. The process performance evaluation chart delineated the observations of variations in various workstations, and, hence, in controlling the stability of the work process. The Six Sigma quality indices are constructed by the process accuracy indices and precision indices are represented by X-axis and Y-axis respectively. The process quality evaluation chart evaluates the level of the process quality, as well as proposes the direction of improvement. The manufacturing time performance&mdash, Z-axis is used to assess whether the manufacturing time performance meets the requirements. The process performance evaluation chart constructed by this paper makes it easier for researchers to observe which workstations have a process variation in the process, to control the stability of the process effectively, to provide the improvement reference for staff on the scene and to enhance the competitiveness of the industry.

Eco-compensation for Coastal Principal Function Zoning (CPFZ) is a novel and important research topic. This paper chooses the coastal area of Xiamen Bay as the study area, and attempts to research on the eco-compensation under the framework of CPFZ. At first, the paper discusses the connotation of eco-compensation for CPFZ, and points out that the main consideration should be given to two aspects: the compensation for losses of coastal ecosystem services caused by the leading industry, and the compensation for losses of the restricted or prohibited industries due to the leading industry priority. Then, based on the framework of CPFZ in Xiamen Bay, this article estimates the losses of ecosystem services caused by the leading industries and the corresponding eco-compensation amount, as well as the losses of the restricted or prohibited industries and the reference amount of the claim, using the valuation of ecosystem services combined with the expert judgment method, and the market price method, respectively. Finally, the compensation approaches and the relevant policy are suggested. This work will be helpful to promote the operability of CPFZ and provide reference for further related researches.

With the development of the construction work, the quality of construction works is concerned by more and more people. People are increasingly aware of the quality of the project, which is the core of the building works, related to the safety of life and property related to the construction business survival and development. This requires strict control of the quality of building construction, especially for the quality control of key parts of the construction work even more critical. To do this, select the control point of the key parts of the construction works, construction quality control methods and measures for key positions, from the quality control point in addition to meet the quality control requirements in accordance with the general site construction when elaborated higher requirements need its special control measures.

Endovascular stent-graft exclusion has proven to be a safe and effective alternative for adult patients with patent ductus arteriosus. We present a case of a 38-year-old woman with a large, symptomatic ductus. However, her small femoral and iliac arteries limited the access options. The patient underwent laparotomy and end-to-side anastomosis of a Dacron graft to the abdominal aorta. Then, the laparotomy was temporarily closed with the graft externalized, and the patient was transported to the radiology suite for successful stent-graft deployment. This hybrid transabdominal approach may be preferred in patients without suitable peripheral arteries to accommodate the device.

To explore the effect of ICOS signaling on the CD154/CD40 expressions and immunopathology in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum.ICOS transgenic (ICOS-Tg) mice and wildtype FVB/NJ mice were used as experimental schistosomiasis models. The expressions of CD154 and CD40 on splenocytes and on inflammatory cells around granulomatous infiltration of the liver in the mice infected with S. japonicuin were detected by flow cytometry and im- munohistochemical staining. HE staining was applied to observe the changes on the granulomatous of the mice liver.Compared with the wildtype FVB/NJ mice, the expressions of CD154 on CD4 T splenocytes and of CD40 on CD19' B splenocytes in the ICOS-Tg mice significantly increased in 12 and 16 weeks post-infection (all P0.05). Moreover, the expressions of CD40 and CD154 on inflammatory cells around granulomatous infiltration in the liver of the ICOS-Tg mice were significantly higher than those of the wildtype FVB/NJ mice in 7, 12, 16 and 20 weeks post-infection (all P0.05). The volumes of liver egg granulomas of the ICOS-Tg mice were significantly bigger than those of the wildtype mice (P0.05 or P0.01).In ICOS-Tg mice infected with S. japonicum, the ICOS signaling has a regulatory effect on CD154/CD40 expressions, and may play an important role in the hepatic egg granuloma formation of schistosomiasis.

Purpose To assess the safety and efficacy of ultrasonography (US)-guided suprapubic transvaginal (ST) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of symptomatic uterine leiomyomas at 1-year follow-up. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this prospective study, and all patients provided informed consent. ST RFA was performed as an outpatient procedure 3 days after menstruation in 51 women (age range, 32-52 years; mean age, 42.2 years) with 62 leiomyomas. The leiomyomas were assessed with conventional and contrast material-enhanced US before and after ST RFA for leiomyoma size, location, and blood flow. All patients were evaluated for postoperative complications, including abdominal pain, injury to surrounding tissues and organs, vaginal bleeding, increased vaginal discharge, fever, dyspnea, and menorrhagia, after ST RFA and at follow-up visits. The leiomyoma volumes, improvement in leiomyoma-related symptoms, effect on quality of life (QOL), and patient satisfaction were assessed and compared before and after ST RFA and at follow-up visits by using statistical analyses. Results Sixty-two leiomyomas were successfully treated with ST RFA until 90% of the leiomyoma was echogenic. At 1-month follow-up, 46 (74%) leiomyomas had no contrast enhancement, five (8%) had peripheral enhancement, eight (13%) had focal enhancement, and three (5%) had scattered enhancement at contrast-enhanced US. At 6-month follow-up, the number of leiomyomas that had no enhancement, peripheral enhancement, focal enhancement, or scattered enhancement was 43 (69%), seven (11%), nine (15%), and three (5%), respectively. The leiomyoma volumes were significantly (P < .05) reduced at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up (from 33.0 cm(3) ± 25.1 [standard deviation] before treatment to 6.8 cm(3) ± 7.7 at 12-month follow-up). The mean percentage volume reduction at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up was 28%, 57%, 63%, and 78%, respectively. The scores for symptoms and QOL were all significantly improved (P < .05) at follow-up, going from 45 ± 14 and 65 ± 41, respectively, before treatment to 0 and 100, respectively, at 12-month follow-up. No complications were reported during the periprocedural period or throughout follow-up. Most patients (41 of 45) were satisfied. Conclusion ST RFA may be an effective and safe alternative in the treatment of uterine leiomyomas. (©) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

The macroscopic characteristics, tissue, caterpillar body wall and powder of Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis in different batch numbers were observed and researched by the macroscopic and microscopic identification methods. The result shows that the morphology, size, abdominal annulations of caterpillar, etc. of 0. xuefengensis are the macroscopic identification characteristics, the caterpillar body surface mycelium, body wall sculpture and crochets on abdominal legs are the microscopic identification characteristics. These characters are stable and regular discriminant features, which are proved to be the identification basis of O. xuefengensis. In addition, The characters such as crochets on abdominal legs arrange in two parallel ellipse rings, the inner crochets are long strip, and the external toes are unciform, are specific.

In this paper, the concept of system capacity is expounded from the perspective of the system theory. The selection of control index during the aseismatic design of frame infill wall structure is discussed, and the critical techniques of the system capacity method are proposed. Finally, the process of the aseismatic design method based on system capacity is developed.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was employed to analyze the genetic diversity within 89 Saccharum spontaneum accessions collected from five different ecological regions of Guangxi Province, China. Of the 87 bands generated by nine RAPD primers, 96.6% were polymorphic. A substantial degree of genetic diversity was found among the locally collected S. spontaneum accessions. Pairwise genetic distance coefficients between accessions ranged from 8.6% (between accessions 87-10 and Yunge ③) to 74.2% (between accessions 87-31 and 85-53) with an average of 39.9%. Based on these genetic distance coefficients, the 89 S. spontaneum accessions were clustered into four groups irrespective of their ecological regions using the Cluster program of SAS (V8) software. Information from the present study would be useful for the conservation of locally collected S. spontaneum germplasm and exploitation of its genetic potential during sugarcane crossing program.

The unconsumed fine coke and pulverized coal in BF dust (gravitational dust and bag dust of hop pocket) under different PCI rates in BF at Capital Steel Co. was investigated in this paper. By means of microscopic and chemical analysis the percentage of unconsumed fine coke and pulverized coal were determined. It has been found that with increasing of PCI rate all the amount of BF dust at BF, carbon mass fraction, unconsumed fine coke and pulverized coal in BF dust increase. The amount of unconsumed pulverized coal in BF dust is about 5 to 7 kg/tHM less than that of fine coke at PCI rate between 135 to 200 kg/tHM. Under PCI rate of 200 kg/tHM, utilization factor of pulverized coal could reach over 98.52%. However at PCI rate of 190 kg/tHM the amount of unconsumed fine coke was increased suddenly and has reached about 10 kg/tHM in BF dust. This result indicates that under high PCI rate the worn coke in BF increased quickly, which results in the decreasing the permeability in the cohesive zone and lower part of BF. The quality of coke should be improved for increasing of the PCI rate in BF at Capital Steel Co.

Elucidation of maternal-fetal tolerance mechanisms clarifies the role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in transplant tolerance. This study aim to investigate the effect of pregnancy on paternal skin allograft survival. Flow cytometry techniques, mixed lymphocytes reaction (MLR), PCR, real-time PCR and skin transplantation were key methods. Treg increased significantly from 4.2% before pregnancy to peak at 6.8% day 8 after pregnancy. Both heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA express high in placenta while low in spleen (P

A thermodynamic model for calculating sulphur distribution ratio between CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 ironmaking slags and carbon saturated hot metal has been developed by using a thermodynamic model for calculating mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples of ironmaking slags based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory.

Renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complication of major surgeries. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress immunologic damage in the renal IR. Previous studies indicated that delayed ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) partially attenuates IR by inducing Treg expansion. Galectin-9 also attenuates inflammation-related organ injury by expanding Tregs, but it was not used in renal IR yet. Our aim was to test whether IPC combined with galectin-9 has an increased renoprotective effect.Mice were divided into five treatment groups (n = 6 per group): (i) IR group: renal ischaemia/reperfusion group; (ii) IPC-IR group: IPC followed by renal IR; (iii) IPC-Gal9-IR group: Gal-9 injections during the time between IPC and IR; (iv) IPC-Gal9-PC61-IR group: anti-CD25 antibody administration apart from IPC, Gal-9 and IR; (v) sham-sham group. We assessed the renal function, histopathological scores, and percentages of Tregs and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) cells in peripheral bood, spleen, and kidney and compared these values among the different groups.Serum creatinine measured was significantly lower after IPC and even lower in combination with Gal-9 injection. The histopathological scores for tubulo-interstitial injury were decreased following IPC and markedly lower after the addition of Gal-9. The number of kidney infiltrating neutrophils and IFN-γ secreting CD4+ T cells was diminished in the IPC/Gal9 combination group, while the percentage of Treg cells in the peripheral blood, spleen, and kidney of animals from the IPC-Gal9-IR group was also markedly increased.The renoprotective effect of delayed IPC combined with galectin-9 was superior to IPC alone, through a mechanism related to expansion of regulatory T cells.

The current research seeks to understand the impact of employment on the well-being and attitudes of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The research focuses on participants involved i...

To investigate the in vitro effect of photoactivated hypericin on anti-Schistosoma japonicum adult male worms.Kunming mice were infected with 60-80 Schistosoma japonicum single-sex cercariae. At 6 weeks post-infection, the mice were sacrificed and adult male worms of S. japonicum were collected. The worms were incubated in DMEM medium containing different concentrations of hypericin (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 micromol/L) in the presence or absence of light. In photoactivated hypericin groups, after 6 h of dark incubation the worms were exposed to LED light irradiation (590 nm) for 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, respectively, and then cultured overnight in darkness (16h). In the next morning, the parasites were washed, resuspended in drug-free medium, and incubated in the dark for 48 h. These worms were observed with stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Photoactivated hypericin showed the ability to kill Schistosoma japonicum in vitro. The death rate was 20% in 0.1 micromol/L photoactivated hypericin group under 30 min irradiation, and 100% in 2 micromol/L under 90 min irradiation and 2.5 micromol/L under 60 min irradiation, respectively. In blank control group, DMSO control group, and hypericin groups without light irradiation, worms were alive. After 60 min irradiation, the worms in 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 micromol/L photoactivated hypericin groups showed spastic paralysis characterized by reduced body length, pronounced tight curl, body stiffness, and complete cessation of movement. Surface tegumental damages of adult worms in 2.0 micromol/L photoactivated hypericin group for 60 min irradiation were observed under SEM, such as vacuole formation, erosion and peeling of the tegument, collapse of the sensory papillae, and even the normal structure disappeared completely. Both death rate and morphological damage of the worms treated by photoactivated hypericin were positively correlated with hypericin dose and light irradiation time.Photoactivated hypericin has anti-Schistosoma japonicum adult male worms effect in vitro.

To investigate the effect of Th2 polarization mediated by ICOS signaling pathway on hepatic fibrosis in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum.ICOS transgenic (ICOS-Tg) mice and wild-type FVB/NJ mice were used as experimental schistosomiasis model. The sera, livers and spleen lymphocytes of mice were collected, and spleen lymphocytes were stimulated with SEA for 72 h on the day before infection (0 week), and at 4, 7, 12, 16 and 20 weeks post-infection. The concentrations of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) in the culture supernatants were measured with sandwich ELISA kit. The levels of SEA-specific antibodies of IgG and its subtypes (IgG1 and IgG2a) in mice sera were measured by ELISA. The concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA) and hydroxyproline (HYP) in mice sera were measured with sandwich ELISA kit. The expression of alpha-SMA, TGF-beta1 and collagen-I in livers from ICOS-Tg/wild-type mice were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Liver granulomatous pathology and fibrosis level in ICOS-Tg/wild-type mice was dynamically observed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson trichrome staining, respectively.The levels of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) of ICOS-Tg mice were significantly higher than that of wild-type FVB/NJ mice on 7, 12, 16, and 20 weeks post-infection (P0.05). However, Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-12 showed no significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). Th2 differentiation index of ICOS-Tg mice was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice on 7, 12, 16 and 20 weeks post-infection (P0.05 or P0.01). Compared with wild-type mice, the levels of SEA-specific antibodies of IgG and its subtypes (IgG1 and IgG2a) in ICOS-Tg mice increased significantly (P0.05 or P0.01, except IgG on 4 and 7 weeks post-infection). Moreover, the ratio of IgG1/IgG2a in ICOS-Tg mice (5.75 +/- 0.94, 4.96 +/- 0.98) were significantly higher than that of wild-type mice (4.31 +/- 0.81, 3.41 +/- 0.83) on 12 and 16 weeks post-infection (P0.05). The levels of HA on 7, 12, 16, and 20 weeks post-infection (P0.05 or P0.01) and HYP on 12, 16, and 20 weeks post-infection (P0.05) in ICOS-Tg mice were significantly higher than that of wild-type mice. Immunohistochemical staining showed, from 7 to 20 weeks post-infection, alpha-SMA and TGF-beta1 expression in liver of ICOS-Tg mice was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice (P0.05 or P0.01); collagen-I level was also higher than wild-type mice. However, there was a significant difference in collagen-I level between the two groups on 20 weeks post-infection (P0.05). Furthermore, HE staining showed, on 7, 12, and 16 weeks post-infection, single-egg granuloma volume of ICOS-Tg mice [(28.72 +/- 6.68) x 10(6), (20.47 +/- 5.09) x 10(6) and (12.77 +/- 4.86) x 10(6) microm 3] was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice [(18.04 +/- 6.21) x 10(6), (15.28 +/- 4.87) x 10(6) and (11.24 +/- 4.38) x 10(6) microm 3]. Masson staining showed that level of hepatic fibrosis in ICOS-Tg mice were higher than that of wild-type mice, but the fibrosis scores showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P0.05).Th2 immune response is up-regulated in ICOS-Tg mice infected with S. japonicum, and the degree of hepatic fibrosis and related indicators increase. These findings suggest that Th2 polarization mediated by ICOS signaling plays a role in hepatic fibrosis formation in mice infected with S. japonicum.

Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis T.C. Wen, R.C. Zhu, J.C. Kang & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. (Fig. 2) MycoBank MB803424 Type: ��� CHINA. Hunan Province: Dongkou County, Xuefeng Mountains, on Phassus nodus in root of living Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, 20 October 2012, Ru-Cai Zhu 2012 HN 14 (GZUH 2012 HN 14, holotype!). Differs from related Ophiocordyceps species mainly by its long stromata, without a sterile apex, narrow asci, long ascospores and by its occurrence on Phassus nodus in living root or trunk of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum. Stromata 140���460 mm long, 2���7 mm wide, cylindrical, yellow-brown, 1���4 arising mainly from the head or other part of host; living on larvae of Phassus nodus (Hepialidae) in the trunk or upper root near the soil of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum (Verbenaceae). Stipe 40���260 mm long, 2���7 mm diam., and sometimes covered with beige, thick, dense, loosely woven mycelium. Fertile part 100���200 mm long �� 2���4 mm diam., cylindrical, yellow-brown. Cells of stromata thin-walled, globose, hyaline, becoming brown-walled towards the outside. Host 60���110 mm long, 7���12 mm wide, yellow-brown to black-brown, with white endosclerotia. Ascomata 416���625 �� 161���318 ��m (x = 520 �� 243, n = 20), superficial, long ovoid, with a basal stipe connected to the stromata. Peridium 20���74 ��m wide (x = 39, n = 20), comprising three layers; hamathecium of paraphyses. Asci 191���392 �� 4.5���8.9 ��m (x = 277 �� 7.5, n = 20), 8-spored, cylindrical, pedicellate not clear, with a 4.2���6.1 ��m wide �� 3.8���5.8 ��m high (x = 5.1 �� 4.7, n = 20) hemiglobose cap. Ascospores 130��� 380 �� 1.4���5.2 ��m (x = 256 �� 3.2, n = 20), fasciculate, thread-like, slender and long, with many septa, not breaking into secondary ascospores. Asexual state: ��� Hirsutella. Etymology: ���Refers to the type collecting site ���Xuefeng Mountains���. Distribution: ���Dongkou County, Hunan Province, China. Host: ���On larvae of Phassus nodus Chu & Wang living in the root or trunk of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz. Other material studied (paratypes): ��� CHINA. Hunan Province: Dongkou County, Xuefeng Mountains, on Phassus nodus in root of living Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, 8 October 2011, Ru-Cai Zhu HN13 (GZUHHN13!); ex-paratype living culture GZUCCHN131!; Hunan Province: Dongkou County, Xuefeng Mountains, on Phassus nodus in root of living Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, 20 October 2012, Ru-Cai Zhu 2012HN11 (GZUH2012HN11!); Hunan Province: Dongkou County, Xuefeng Mountains, on Phassus nodus in trunk of living Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, 20 October 2012, Ru-Cai Zhu 2012HN13 (GZUH2012HN13!); Hunan Province: Dongkou County, Xuefeng Mountains, on Phassus nodus in root of living Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, 20 October 2012, Ru-Cai Zhu 2012HN19 (GZUH2012HN19!)., Published as part of Wen, Ting-Chi, Zhu, Ru-Cai, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Huang, Ming-He, Tan, Dian-Bo, Ariyawansha, Hiran, Hyde, Kevin D. & Liu, Hao, 2013, Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis sp. nov. from larvae of Phassus nodus (Hepialidae) in Hunan Province, southern China, pp. 41-50 in Phytotaxa 123 (1) on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.123.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5085008

An entomogenous taxon, associated with larvae of Phassus nodus (Hepialidae) collected from Xuefeng Mountains, Hunan Province, China, was found to be a new species, Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis sp. nov. It differs from similar species in having long stromata, without a sterile apex, narrow asci, long ascospores and by its occurrence on Phassus nodus in living root or trunk of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum. Combined sequence data from the 5.8S-ITS rDNA, nrSSU, EF-1α, and RPB1 gene loci also confirmed the distinctiveness of this new species. It is presently the world’s largest known Cordyceps sensu lato species.

Prevention of rejection and prolongation of graft survival are critical to achieving successful islet cell transplantation. Various techniques have been utilized to prolong graft survival. Recently, protection of pancreatic islets from host immune mechanisms by isolating the islets in artificial membranes has emerged as an attractive alternative to the use of immunosuppression. In this Rapid Communication, we describe a novel method for macroencapsulation of rat islets in hydrophilic macrobeads made with various combinations of agarose, collagen, and Gelfoam. Encapsulated xenotypic islets were placed intraperitoneally in mice in which diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. The encapsulated xenografts maintained normoglycemia > 170 days. Recipients mice had normal glucose tolerance tests, which indicates that the islets in the macrobeads were functioning as they would in an intact pancreas. Macrobeads retrieved up to 103 days after transplantation showed no evidence of tissue reaction or local inflammation. These retrieved macrobeads could also be retransplanted and replaced. Our studies indicate that the agarose-collagen/Gelfoam macrobeads we have developed serve both to protect islet xenografts from rejection and to provide a microenvironment in which the islets maintain and support their normal function in vivo. Because they may be retrieved after implantation and replaced, these macrobeads may be suitable for human clinical islet cell xenotransplantation.

The occurrence of de novo malignant neoplasms has been shown in post-transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. We present a case of a rare extragastrointestinal stromal tumor (EGIST) located in the pelvic cavity of a kidney transplant patient. A 57-year-old female patient was admitted to our department because of non-specific lower abdominal pain 6 months after renal transplantation. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed a 4.5 cm diameter pelvic tumor mass. The tumor was resected en bloc and confirmed as not being connected to the gastrointestinal wall. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of typical spindle cells with 2-3 mitotic figures per 50 high-power fields. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for CD117 (c-kit), and negative for CD34, SMA, s-100 protein, and desmin. Genetically, the tumor showed a silent mutation in exon 18 of the PDGFRA gene at codon 824 GTC > GTT (V824V) [rs2228230]. No recurrence was noted 24 months after the operation. This case draws our attention to the importance of considering EGISTs (including GISTs), even though they are extremely uncommon, in the differential diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms, especially in transplant patients.

In population structure of aging society, the life expectancy of national average is extended because medical treatment is improved. The rate of people of chronic disease is gradually increased year by year and caused by lifestyle related disease and unbalanced food. Moreover, it is dropping. Improvements of the daily life and the treatment of diet of the elderly, the chronic patient and the special patient are worth studying. This paper proposes a tele-care services system using ZigBee wireless network. This system combines Care and Services Identification Card (CSIC), Data Transmitter (DT), Life Care System (LCS) and Tele-live care System (TS). The System can not only reduce the service manpower and the cost but increase the care quality and service efficiency. The aged is convenient to use this tele care e-marketplace system to go shopping on a virtual marketplace.

Because of the complexity of gear working condition, there are non-linear relationship between characteristic parameters and fault types. This paper proposes to apply the artificial neural network theory and the genetic algorithm to solve the difficulties of gear fault diagnosis. Niche technique based on crowding mechanism is used in genetic algorithm, and punishing function is adopted to adjust individual fitness, so as to promote global search capability. Taking a certain gearbox fault signal acquisition experimental system for an example, Matlab software and its neural network toolbox are used to model and simulate. The experiment result shows that the founded network model has good performance for the common gear fault diagnosis and it can identify various types of faults stably and accurately.

Predicting model which refers to mechanical properties with material composition and techniques can be founded to reduce test times, increase efficiency and realize the optimization of process. This paper proposes to apply the Support Vector Machine to set up the nonlinear mapping from influence factors of material performances to mechanical properties. Taking the wheat straw-reinforced composite for instance, the prediction model based on support vector machine has been built. Besides, the model is used to optimize process parameters of injection molding and find the range of best parameters. The simulation result shows the founded model has preferable learning and generalization capabilities, which performs effectively in predicting mechanical properties. Therefore it is feasible to optimize process parameters and the technology is worthy to be applied and spread in the research of material performance.

We aim to investigate the effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 on the expression of enhancer of split- and hairy-related protein-2 (SHARP-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) and its signaling pathway. In this study, several cell lines including LLC-PK1 (a porcine kidney tubular epithelial cell line), MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) and CTLL-2 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte line) were treated with recombinant human TGF-beta1, and a series of experiments were carried out, involving Northern blot analysis of total RNA from these cells. Further, several specific chemical inhibitors were applied before TGF-beta1 treatment to probe the signaling pathway. The results showed that TGF-beta1 can significantly up-regulate SHARP-2 mRNA expression in the LLC-PK1 cell line. The peak level of induction was found 2 h after TGF-beta1 stimulation. While one phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI-3) kinase inhibitor, LY294002, completely blocked the effect of TGF-beta1 on SHARP-2 mRNA expression in LLC-PK1 cells at a low concentration, other inhibitors, including PD98059, staurosporine, AG490, wortmannin, okadaic acid and rapamycin, had no effect. The effect of LY294002 was dose-dependent. We conclude that, in LLC-PK1 cells at least, TGF-beta1 can effectively induce the SHARP-2 mRNA expression and that the PI-3 kinase pathway can mediate this effect.

Alemtuzumab, a humanized CD52 monoclonal antibody, with its profound lymphocyte depletion property, was expected to be a promising induction therapy agent for kidney transplantation (KTx). However, currently no consensus is available about its efficacy and safety. The aim of this meta-analysis was to make a profound review and an objective appraisal of this issue.Relevant papers were searched, essentially in the PubMed database and the Cochrane library. After a thorough review, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the outcome of KTx using alemtuzumab induction therapy (test group) with a control group were collected according to the inclusion criteria. Data of general characteristic of studies and major outcomes of Ktx were extracted and meta-analyses were performed with RevMan 4.2 software. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence intervals (CI) was the principle measurement of effect.Five RCTs were included. The chi square test showed no significant between-study heterogeneity, thus fixed effect model was employed. Sub-group analysis with studies including alemtuzumab induction followed by a tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen showed that the acute rejection rate (ARR) was lower relative to the control (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.34 - 1.01, P = 0.05). However, meta-analysis with all included studies revealed that neither ARR nor patient/graft survival rates differ significantly between the test and the control group, but the cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection rate was higher in the test group (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.22 - 5.12, P = 0.01). A great number of the test group recipients safely remained on a regimen that was steroid-free and with a reduced dose of conventional immunosuppressive drugs.Alemtuzumab induction therapy for KTx was an effective and safe protocol in the tested follow-up period. Steroid avoidance and a dose reduction of conventional immunosuppressive drugs after alemtuzumab induction therapy may have clinical importance. However, high quality RCTs with larger population and longer follow-up are needed for a more accurate and objective appraisal of this novel protocol.

Atomicity and anonymity are the two important requirements for application in electronic commerce. However absolutely anonymity may lead to confliction with law enforcement, e.g. blackmailing or money laundering. Therefore, it is important to design systems satisfying both atomicity and revocable anonymity. Based on the concept of two-phase commitment, we realize atomicity in electronic transaction with the Trusted Third Part as coordinator. Also we develops Brands' fair signature model, propose a method to enable not only anonymity but also owner-trace and money-trace.

Chronic liver fluke disease with dyspepsia is rarely seen clinically. In this study, we assessed the etiological factors, symptoms, physical signs and diadynamic methods in a case of chronic liver fluke disease with dyspepsia.Physical examination, laboratory studies, ultrasonography and CT scan were performed before pathogen examination. The eggs of fluke found with the inverted sedimentation method were also observed under a microscopy. They were diagnosed as the eggs of Clonorchis sinensis.The patient was diagnosed as having chronic liver fluke disease, and his appetite recovered after three courses of treatment with praziquantel.Eating fresh fish and shrimp might cause liver fluke disease. The symptoms of this disease with dyspepsia can be anorexia, abdominal distention, bellyache, and loose stools.

Atomicity and anonymity are two important attributes for electronic commerce, especially in payment systems. Atomicity guarantees justice and coincidence for each participant. However traditional atomicity either bias to SELLER or CUSTOMER. Anonymity is also intractable, unanonymous or anonymity both leads to dissatisfying ending. Therefore, it is important to design a system in which satisfying atomicity and revocable anonymity are both enabled. In this paper, based on AFAP(Atomic and Fair Anonymous Protocol), we propose an approach to realize satisfying atomicity. In this method, not only SELLER’s satisfying atomicity but also CUSTOMER’s satisfying atomicity is supported. At the same time, based on Brands’ fair signature model, this method satisfies both anonymity and owner-trace or money-trace.